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Klein H, Yörük E, Kodjikian S. Structure solution and refinement of beam-sensitive nano-crystals. Micron 2024; 181:103634. [PMID: 38552268 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Radiation sensitive materials are among the most difficult materials to study, even more so if they exist only as nanometer-sized particles, where their size is either intentional because of enhanced properties at the nano-scale or it is unintentional because it is impossible to obtain bigger particles of the same structure. In both cases characterization methods need to be optimized to get the most information out of these particles before the radiation damages them to a point where their structure is altered. When the particles are crystallized, both characteristics, the small size and the beam sensitivity, call for electron diffraction as a privileged investigation tool. The strong interaction of electrons (as compared to X-rays) with matter allows single crystal diffraction experiments on nanometer-sized crystals and for the same amount of beam damage, electron diffraction yields more information than X-rays. These inherent advantages of electron diffraction are optimized in the recently developed low-dose electron diffraction tomography (LD-EDT) by minimizing the necessary dose for a complete data collection. In this contribution we show that in some cases even doses as low as 2 e-/Ų can induce damage in crystal structures that inhibit a correct structure refinement. However, by LD-EDT we can obtain data using extremely low doses that don't alter the structure which make it then possible not only to solve crystal structures but also to refine them using dynamical diffraction theory. Here a synthetic oxide containing volatile Na and a metal-organic framework are given as examples. A dynamical refinement of the structures is possible with data sets requiring a dose of less than 0.15 e-/Ų.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Klein
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France.
| | - E Yörük
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - S Kodjikian
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
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Ulimoen M, Klein H. Localisation of atmospheric release of radioisotopes using inverse methods and footprints of receptors as sources. J Hazard Mater 2023; 451:131156. [PMID: 36893593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Releases of radionuclides to the atmosphere occasionally occur with no warning and with first observation at radioactivity monitoring stations. The Chernobyl accident of 1986 was first detected at Forsmark, Sweden, long before the official announcement by the Soviet Union, and the release of Ruthenium 106 detected across Europe in 2017 still has no official release location. The current study details a method based on footprint analysis of an atmospheric dispersion model to locate the source of an atmospheric release. The method was applied to the European Tracer EXperiment of 1994 to validate the method and to the Ruthenium observations of autumn 2017 to determine likely release locations and time characteristics of this release. The method can readily utilise an ensemble of numerical weather prediction data which improves the localisation results by taking into account meteorological uncertainties compared to only using deterministic weather data. In applying the method to the ETEX scenario, the most likely release location improved from a distance of 113 km from the true release location when using deterministic meteorology, to a distance of 63 km when using ensemble meteorology data, although such improvements may be scenario dependent. The method was constructed to be robust with respect to the choices of model parameters and measurement uncertainties. The localisation method can be useful for decision makers to enact countermeasures to protect the environment against the effects of radioactivity when observations are available from environmental radioactivity monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ulimoen
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, N-0371 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Heiko Klein
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, N-0371 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Yörük E, Klein H, Kodjikian S. Implementation of a dose-symmetric tomography scheme in 3D electron diffraction. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322091495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Klein H, Yörük E, Kodjikian S. Beam-sensitive nano-crystals: why only lowest doses yield the correct structures. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s205327332209581x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Ulimoen M, Berge E, Klein H, Salbu B, Lind OC. Comparing model skills for deterministic versus ensemble dispersion modelling: The Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident as a case study. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150128. [PMID: 34583084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric dispersion models are crucial for nuclear risk assessment and emergency response systems since they rapidly predict air concentrations and deposition of released radionuclides, providing a basis for dose estimations and countermeasure strategies. Atmospheric dispersion models are associated with relatively large and often unknown uncertainties that are mostly attributed to meteorology, source terms and parametrisation of the dispersion model. By developing methods that can provide reliable uncertainty ranges for model outputs, decision makers have an improved basis for handling nuclear emergency situations. In the present work, model skill of the Severe Nuclear Accident Programme (SNAP) model was quantified by employing an ensemble method in which 51 meteorological realisations from a numerical weather prediction model were combined with 9 source term descriptions for the accidental 137Cs releases from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant during 14th-17th March 2011. The meteorological forecast was compared to observations of wind speed from 30 meteorological stations. The 459 dispersion realisations were compared with hourly observations of activity concentrations from 100 air filter stations. Exclusive use of deterministic meteorology resulted in most members of the dispersion ensemble showing too low concentration values, however this was mitigated by applying ensemble meteorology. Ensemble predictions, including both the meteorological and source term ensemble, show an overall higher prediction skill compared to individual meteorology and source term runs, with true predictive rate accuracy increasing from 30%-50% to 70%-90%, with a decrease in positive predictive rate accuracy from 75%-80% to 65%-75%. Skill scores and other ensemble indicators also showed improvements in using ensembles of source terms and meteorology. From the present study on the Fukushima accident there are strong indications that ensemble predictions improve the basis for decision making in the early phase after a nuclear accident, which emphasises the importance of including ensemble prediction in nuclear preparedness tools of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ulimoen
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, N-0371 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-1433 Aas, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P. O. BOX 5003, NMBU, N-1433 Aas, Norway.
| | - Erik Berge
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, N-0371 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P. O. BOX 5003, NMBU, N-1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Heiko Klein
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, N-0371 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P. O. BOX 5003, NMBU, N-1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-1433 Aas, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P. O. BOX 5003, NMBU, N-1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-1433 Aas, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P. O. BOX 5003, NMBU, N-1433 Aas, Norway
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Reynolds GO, Manning L, Kirn D, Klein H, Hampton O, Burke O, Buckley R, Rentz D, Sperling R, Marshall GA, Amariglio RE. Subjective Cognitive Decline in a Registry Sample: Relation to Psychiatric History, Loneliness, and Personality. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:435-440. [PMID: 35841244 PMCID: PMC8940594 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing focus on prevention of Alzheimer's disease, there is need for characterization of preclinical populations. Local participant registries offer an opportunity to facilitate research engagement via remote data collection, inform recruitment, and characterize preclinical samples, including individuals with subjective cognitive decline. OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize subjective cognitive decline in a registry sample, as related to psychiatric history and related variables, including personality and loneliness, quality of life, and factors related to dementia risk (e.g., family history of dementia). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Participants were 366 individuals (mean age=67.2 (range 50-88), 65% female, 94% white, 97% non-Hispanic or Latino, 82% with at least a bachelor's degree) with no reported history of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. All participants had expressed interest in research, primarily via community outreach events and prior research involvement. Data was collected via electronic surveys, distributed using REDCap. Electronic questionnaires included questions on demographic variables, subjective cognitive decline, quality of life, loneliness, and personality. RESULTS There was a high prevalence of risk factors for dementia in the registry sample (68% with family history of dementia, 31% with subjective cognitive decline). Subjective cognitive decline was more common in women and associated with history of depression, but not with family history of dementia. Subjective cognitive decline was also associated with lower conscientiousness and lower emotional stability, as well as higher loneliness and lower quality of life. Among participants who endorsed a psychiatric history, most reported onset more than 10 years prior, rather than within the last 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Subjective cognitive decline in a registry sample may be more strongly associated with longstanding psychiatric and personality variables, rather than family history of dementia, adding to the literature on characterization of subjective cognitive decline across different settings. These findings highlight the acceptability of remote data collection and the potential of registries to inform recruitment by characterizing registrants, which may help to stratify dementia risk and match participants to eligible trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Reynolds
- Gretchen Reynolds PhD, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston MA 02115, USA,
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Klein H, Bartnicki J, Brown JE, Hosseini A, Lind OC, Ytre-Eide MA, Salbu B. Consequences for Norway from a hypothetical accident at the Sellafield reprocessing plant: Atmospheric transport of radionuclides. J Environ Radioact 2021; 237:106703. [PMID: 34274887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential consequences for Norway should a nuclear accident at the Sellafield nuclear site occur, have been of concern for Norwegian authorities for several decades. Meteorological data from a 33-year period and the dispersion model 'SNAP' were used to evaluate meteorological conditions for which atmospheric transport of radionuclides from Sellafield to Norway would lead to the most severe impacts. The worst-case meteorological scenario for Norway, was found on 25th June 1989 for a low elevation (0-800 m) release and on 29th June 2001 for a higher elevation (800-1600 m) release. In both cases the western part of Norway was most affected. In general, the probability for depositions (>10 Bq/m2 of 137Cs) increased about 40% during the autumn and winter compared to the spring and summer months. An influence of climate change on the depositions was analysed, but not verified. Results from a number of simulations were also compared to identify how factors such as radioactive particle characteristics and initial release conditions could affect the predicted radionuclide deposition. The impact on predicted total depositions as well as hot-spot depositions by varying particle density and size as well as release elevation in worst-case scenario simulations amounted to about 40%-50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Klein
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute/CERAD CoE, P.O. Box 43 Blindern, NO-0313 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - J Bartnicki
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute/CERAD CoE, P.O. Box 43 Blindern, NO-0313 Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - J E Brown
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority/CERAD CoE, Grini næringspark 13, NO-1361 Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - A Hosseini
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority/CERAD CoE, Grini næringspark 13, NO-1361 Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - O C Lind
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - M A Ytre-Eide
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority/CERAD CoE, Grini næringspark 13, NO-1361 Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - B Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
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Berge E, Andronopoulos S, Klein H, Lind OC, Salbu B, Syed N, Ulimoen M. Uncertainties in short term prediction of atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides. A case study of a hypothetical accident in a nuclear floating power plant off the West coast of Norway. J Environ Radioact 2021; 233:106587. [PMID: 33773365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Short-term predictions for dispersion of radionuclides in the atmosphere following releases from nuclear incidents are associated with uncertainties originating from meteorology, source term and parameterization. Characterization of these uncertainties is of key importance for preparedness, decision making during an accident and for the further uncertainty propagation in the subsequent modelling of human and ecosystem exposures. Increased traffic of nuclear-propulsion vessels in Norwegian territorial waters gives rise to growing concern of a potential nuclear accident along the coast of Norway. In the present study, we have quantified and inter-compared the uncertainties associated with the model outputs for a hypothetical loss of coolant accident with an ensuing fire in a nuclear vessel situated along the Norwegian coastline, applying two different atmospheric dispersion models: the SNAP Lagrangian particle model (SNAP-Severe Nuclear Accident Program) and the DIPCOT Lagrangian puff model (DIPCOT - Dispersion over Complex Terrain). The case highlights a situation with atmospheric transport from the offshore area to the coast of Western Norway, combined with large wet deposition in inland mountainous terrain, i.e. a common weather situation in this region. The meteorological data include an Ensemble Prediction System with nine ensemble members in addition to a deterministic base run. Five different 7 h emission scenarios with the same total released activity were considered. Hourly wind data at 10 m above ground for a 24 h period, showed that 36% of the wind direction and 41% of the wind speed data were outside the spread of the meteorological ensemble. About 55% and 13% of the measured values fell outside the ensemble for hourly 2 m above ground temperatures and 3 hourly accumulated precipitation, respectively, indicating that the ensemble did not cover all uncertainties in the meteorological fields. The maps of accumulated concentrations and depositions were qualitatively similar for the two models, but SNAP predicted higher accumulated concentration levels compared to DIPCOT for quite large areas, while DIPCOT yielded larger total depositions in the same areas. Furthermore, the direction, speed of movement and spatial extension of the radioactive plume from the accident varied considerably from one model to the other. The spread in the dispersion of the radionuclides ranged from a factor of about 1-3 in the source area to a factor of about 2-5 further away. The spreads due to meteorology and emission scenarios were of similar magnitude. Considering the ratio of the 50th percentiles of the two models, the spread varied by a factor of about 1-9, indicating that uncertainties arising from the formulation of the dispersion model could be as important or even larger than those associated with meteorology and emissions. Thus, it is recommended to include the uncertainty originating from the choice of the dispersion model into the overall uncertainty of short-term prediction of the dispersion of radionuclides and to exploit this further by generating an ensemble of several dispersion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berge
- The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
| | - S Andronopoulos
- Environmental Research Laboratory Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - H Klein
- The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - O C Lind
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - B Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - N Syed
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Ulimoen
- The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Klein H, Meußdoerfter J, Niederprüm H, Wechsberg M. Tetraäthylammoniumperfluoroctansulionat, ein vielseitig einsetzbares Fluortensid. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-1978-150101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sørensen JH, Bartnicki J, Blixt Buhr AM, Feddersen H, Hoe SC, Israelson C, Klein H, Lauritzen B, Lindgren J, Schönfeldt F, Sigg R. Uncertainties in atmospheric dispersion modelling during nuclear accidents. J Environ Radioact 2020; 222:106356. [PMID: 32892908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Predictions of the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides accidentally released from a nuclear power plant are influenced by two large sources of uncertainty: one associated with the meteorological data employed, and one with the source term, i.e. the temporal evolution of the amount and physical and chemical properties of the release. A methodology is presented for quantitative estimation of the variability of the prediction of atmospheric dispersion resulting from both sources of uncertainty. The methodology, which allows for efficient calculation, and thus is well suited for real-time assessment, is applied to a hypothetical accidental release of radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Havskov Sørensen
- Research and Development Department, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jerzy Bartnicki
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), Postboks 43, Blindern, N-0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Maria Blixt Buhr
- Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM), Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten, SE-171 16, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Feddersen
- Research and Development Department, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Cordt Hoe
- Nuclear Division, Danish Emergency Management Agency (DEMA), Datavej 16, DK-3460, Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Carsten Israelson
- Nuclear Division, Danish Emergency Management Agency (DEMA), Datavej 16, DK-3460, Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Heiko Klein
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), Postboks 43, Blindern, N-0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bent Lauritzen
- Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Nutech), Fysikvej, Building 311, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas Lindgren
- Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM), Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten, SE-171 16, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Schönfeldt
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Cementvägen 20, SE-906 21, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robert Sigg
- Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Cementvägen 20, SE-906 21, Umeå, Sweden
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Audi H, Viero Y, Alwhaibi N, Chen Z, Iazykov M, Heynderickx A, Xiao F, Guérin D, Krzeminski C, Grace IM, Lambert CJ, Siri O, Vuillaume D, Lenfant S, Klein H. Electrical molecular switch addressed by chemical stimuli. Nanoscale 2020; 12:10127-10139. [PMID: 32352127 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the conductance switching of benzo-bis(imidazole) molecules upon protonation depends on the lateral functional groups. The protonated H-substituted molecule shows a higher conductance than the neutral one (Gpro > Gneu), while the opposite (Gneu > Gpro) is observed for a molecule laterally functionalized by amino-phenyl groups. These results are demonstrated at various scale lengths: self-assembled monolayers, tiny nanodot-molecule junctions and single molecules. From ab initio theoretical calculations, we conclude that for the H-substituted molecule, the result Gpro > Gneu is correctly explained by a reduction of the LUMO-HOMO gap, while for the amino-phenyl functionnalized molecule, the result Gneu > Gpro is consistent with a shift of the HOMO, which reduces the density of states at the Fermi energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Audi
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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12
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Liland A, Lind OC, Bartnicki J, Brown JE, Dyve JE, Iosjpe M, Klein H, Lin Y, Simonsen M, Strand P, Thørring H, Ytre-Eide MA, Salbu B. Using a chain of models to predict health and environmental impacts in Norway from a hypothetical nuclear accident at the Sellafield site. J Environ Radioact 2020; 214-215:106159. [PMID: 32063286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When a nuclear accident occurs, decision makers in the affected country/countries would need to act promptly to protect people, the environment and societal interests from harmful impacts of radioactive fallout. The decisions are usually based on a combination of model prognoses, measurements, and expert judgements within in an emergency decision support system (DSS). Large scale nuclear accidents would need predictive models for the atmospheric, terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, for the connections between these in terms of radionuclide fluxes, and for the various exposure pathways to both humans and biota. Our study showed that eight different models and DSS modules could be linked to assess the total human and environmental consequences in Norway from a hypothetical nuclear accident, here chosen to be the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant. Activity concentrations and dose rates from 137Cs for both humans and the environment via various exposure routes were successfully modelled. The study showed that a release of 1% of the total inventory of 137Cs in the Highly Active Liquor Tanks at Sellafield Ltd is predicted to severely impact humans and the environment in Norway if strong winds are blowing towards the country at the time of an accidental atmospheric release. Furthermore, since the models did not have built-in uncertainty ranges when this Sellafield study was performed, investigations were conducted to identify the key factors contributing to uncertainty in various models and prioritise the ones to focus on in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liland
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), P.O. BOX 55, No-1332, Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - O C Lind
- Faculty for Environmental Sciences and Nature resource management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - J Bartnicki
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), P.O. BOX 43 Blindern, No-0313, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - J E Brown
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), P.O. BOX 55, No-1332, Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - J E Dyve
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), P.O. BOX 55, No-1332, Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - M Iosjpe
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), P.O. BOX 55, No-1332, Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - H Klein
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), P.O. BOX 43 Blindern, No-0313, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Y Lin
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, No-0349, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - M Simonsen
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), P.O. BOX 43 Blindern, No-0313, Oslo, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - P Strand
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), P.O. BOX 55, No-1332, Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - H Thørring
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), P.O. BOX 55, No-1332, Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - M A Ytre-Eide
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (DSA), P.O. BOX 55, No-1332, Østerås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - B Salbu
- Faculty for Environmental Sciences and Nature resource management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway; Centre of Excellence for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), P.O. BOX 5003 NMBU, No-1432, Ås, Norway
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De Sousa P, Mansour F, Barbosa M, Booth S, Klein H, Mani A, Nizami M, Von Crease C, Ladas G, Finch J, Asadi N, Beddow E, Mcgonigle N, Anikin V, Begum S, Jordan S, Montero-Fernandez A, Robertus J, Rice A, Nicholson A, Lim E. P1.13-11 An Audit on IASLC Compliance of Lymph Nodes Dissection and Impact on Survival After Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Anand I, Konstam M, Udelson J, Butler J, Klein H, Parker J, Teerlink J, Libbus I, Amurthur B, Kenknight B, Ardell J, Gregory D, Massaro J, Dicarlo L. P3522Vagus nerve stimulation for chronic heart failure: differences in therapy delivery and clinical efficacy in ANTHEM-HF, INOVATE-HF, and NECTAR-HF. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is meant to deliver Autonomic Regulation Therapy (ART) to neurological targets with sufficient neuromodulation (NM) to ameliorate chronic heart failure (CHF). VNS delivery consists of its intensity (a combination of pulse amplitude, pulse frequency, and pulse duration), polarity, duty cycle (DC; stimulation “on” time and “off” time), and mode (continuous, or intermittent and periodic). In the ANTHEM-HF Pilot Study patients with CHF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), VNS intensity was up-titrated until a change in heart rate (HR) dynamics was objectively confirmed. This did not require any change in GDMT and was associated with significant improvements in LVEF, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), Minnesota Living with HF (MLWHF) score, and HR variability.
Methods
Qualitative and quantitative analyses used data from peer-reviewed publications and other sources in the public domain to compare VNS delivery in ANTHEM-HF, INOVATE-HF, and NECTAR-HF.
Results (Table): Up-titration of VNS intensity was attempted in all 3 studies. In contrast to ANTHEM-HF, INOVATE-HF aimed only at peripheral neural targets. VNS intensity was delivered at a lower pulse frequency, and had a variable DC as a consequence of R-wave synchronization and only intermittent, periodic stimulation. In NECTAR-HF VNS intensity was delivered at a higher pulse frequency, and this was associated with intolerable adverse off-target effects which restricted VNS up-titration. Significant improvements in EF, 6MWD, MLWHF, and SDNN occurred in ANTHEM-HF relative to the other studies.
ANTHEM-HF (n=60) INOVATE-HF (n=436) NECTAR-HF (n=63) Neural Target Central/Peripheral Peripheral Central/Peripheral Delivery Site Left or right CVN Right CVN Right CVN Delivery Intensity: Amplitude (milliamperes) 2.0±0.6 3.9±1.0 1.4±0.8 Frequency (Hertz) 10 1–2 20 Duration (microseconds) 250 500 300 Electrode Polarity (Cathode) Caudal Cephalad Caudal Duty Cycle 23% 25% 17% On Time/Off Time (seconds) 18/62 Variable 10/50 Mode of Delivery Cyclic/Continuous Intermittent/Periodic Cyclic/Continuous Clinical Efficacy at 6 Months: EF 32.4±7.2 to 37.2±10.4 Not available 30.5±6.0 to 32.7±6.4 6MWD 287±66 to 346±78 317±109 to 347±123 Not available MLWHFS 40±14 to 21±10 Not available 44.2±22.2 to 35.8±20.8 SDNN 94±26 to 111±50 Not available 146±48 to 130±52 Values reported as mean ± standard deviation; CVN = Cervical vagus nerve. *p<0.05 versus NECTAR-HF; **p<0.05 versus INOVATE-HF; ***p<0.025 versus NECTAR-HF; ****p<0.001 versus NECTAR-HF (Analysis using two-sample t-test of the means).
Conclusion
VNS differed in ANTHEM-HF when compared to INOVATE-HF and NECTAR-HF. The neural targets, pulse frequencies for titration, and the DC for NM were different. VNS in ANTHEM-HF was clinically efficacious. The ongoing ANTHEM-HFrEF Pivotal Study uses a similar paradigm.
Acknowledgement/Funding
LivaNova PLC
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Affiliation(s)
- I Anand
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - M Konstam
- Tufts Medical Center, CardioVascular Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - J Udelson
- Tufts Medical Center, CardioVascular Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - J Butler
- The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Jackson, United States of America
| | - H Klein
- University of Rochester, Department of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
| | - J Parker
- University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Teerlink
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - I Libbus
- LivaNova USA, Inc., Houston, United States of America
| | - B Amurthur
- LivaNova USA, Inc., Houston, United States of America
| | - B Kenknight
- LivaNova USA, Inc., Houston, United States of America
| | - J Ardell
- University of California Los Angeles, Neurocardiology Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - D Gregory
- Clinical Cardiovascular Science Foundation, Boston, United States of America
| | - J Massaro
- Boston University, Boston, United States of America
| | - L Dicarlo
- LivaNova USA, Inc., Houston, United States of America
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15
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Klein H. Chemical Thermodynamics for Process Simulation. Von J. Gmehling, M. Kleiber, B. Kolbe, J. Rarey. CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201970907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Lin Y, Couture RM, Klein H, Ytre-Eide MA, Dyve JE, Lind OC, Bartnicki J, Nizzetto L, Butterfield D, Larssen T, Salbu B. Modelling Environmental Impacts of Cesium-137 Under a Hypothetical Release of Radioactive Waste. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:69-74. [PMID: 30937495 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Waste tanks at the nuclear facility located at Sellafield, UK, represent a nuclear source which could release radionuclides to the atmosphere. A model chain which combines atmospheric transport, deposition as well as riverine transport to sea has been developed to predict the riverine activity concentrations of 137Cs. The source term was estimated to be 9 × 104 TBq of 137Cs, or 1% of the assumed total 137Cs inventory of the HAL (Highly Active Liquid) storage tanks. Air dispersion modelling predicted 137Cs deposition reaching 127 kBq m-2 at the Vikedal catchment in Western Norway. Thus, the riverine transport model predicted that the activity concentration of 137Cs in water at the river outlet could reach 9000 Bq m-3 in the aqueous phase and 1000 Bq kg-1 in solid phase at peak level. The lake and river reaches showed different transport patterns due to the buffering effects caused by dilution and slowing down of water velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Raoul-Marie Couture
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Heiko Klein
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Blindern, P.O. Box 43, 0313, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Martin Album Ytre-Eide
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Naeringspark 13, 1361, Østerås, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Dyve
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Naeringspark 13, 1361, Østerås, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jerzy Bartnicki
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Blindern, P.O. Box 43, 0313, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Brit Salbu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (Centre of Excellence), Norwegian University of Life Sciences NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
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17
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De Sousa P, Mansour F, Barbosa M, Booth S, Klein H, Mani A, Nizami M, Von Crease C, Kyparissopoulos D, Townsend E, Ladas G, Redmond K, Anastasiou N, Finch J, Kuppuswamy M, Asadi N, Beddow E, Mcgonigle N, Anikin V, Begum S, Dusmet M, Jordan S, Montero-Fernandez A, Robertus J, Rice A, Nicholson A, Lim E. An audit on IASLC compliance of lymph nodes dissection and impact on survival after surgery for non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Cathomas F, Azzinnari D, Bergamini G, Sigrist H, Buerge M, Hoop V, Wicki B, Goetze L, Soares S, Kukelova D, Seifritz E, Goebbels S, Nave KA, Ghandour MS, Seoighe C, Hildebrandt T, Leparc G, Klein H, Stupka E, Hengerer B, Pryce CR. Oligodendrocyte gene expression is reduced by and influences effects of chronic social stress in mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2018; 18:e12475. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cathomas
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - D. Azzinnari
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - G. Bergamini
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - H. Sigrist
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Buerge
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - V. Hoop
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - B. Wicki
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - L. Goetze
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Soares
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - D. Kukelova
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - E. Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Goettingen Germany
| | - K.-A. Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Goettingen Germany
| | - M. S. Ghandour
- Center of Neurochemistry, University of Strasbourg, UMR 7357; Strasbourg France
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia
| | - C. Seoighe
- School of Mathematics, Statistics & Applied Mathematics; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - T. Hildebrandt
- Target Discovery Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG.; Biberach Germany
| | - G. Leparc
- Target Discovery Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG.; Biberach Germany
| | - H. Klein
- Target Discovery Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG.; Biberach Germany
| | - E. Stupka
- Target Discovery Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG.; Biberach Germany
| | - B. Hengerer
- CNS Diseases Research Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG.; Biberach Germany
| | - C. R. Pryce
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Quesada Dorador A, Quesada-Ocete B, Kutyifa V, Klein H, Jimenez-Bello J, Marin-Gomez MC, Biton Y, Mcnitt S, Polonsky B, Paya R, Zareba W, Goldenberg I, Moss A. P321Effect of biventricular pacing on ventricular remodeling in asymptomatic heart failure patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Quesada Dorador
- University General Hospital of Valencia, Department of Cardiology, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - V Kutyifa
- University of Rochester, Heart Research Follow-up Program Cardiology Division, Rochester, United States of America
| | - H Klein
- University of Rochester, Heart Research Follow-up Program Cardiology Division, Rochester, United States of America
| | - J Jimenez-Bello
- University General Hospital of Valencia, Department of Cardiology, Valencia, Spain
| | - M C Marin-Gomez
- University General Hospital of Valencia, Department of Cardiology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Y Biton
- University of Rochester, Heart Research Follow-up Program Cardiology Division, Rochester, United States of America
| | - S Mcnitt
- University of Rochester, Heart Research Follow-up Program Cardiology Division, Rochester, United States of America
| | - B Polonsky
- University of Rochester, Heart Research Follow-up Program Cardiology Division, Rochester, United States of America
| | - R Paya
- University General Hospital of Valencia, Department of Cardiology, Valencia, Spain
| | - W Zareba
- University of Rochester, Heart Research Follow-up Program Cardiology Division, Rochester, United States of America
| | - I Goldenberg
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Moss
- University of Rochester, Heart Research Follow-up Program Cardiology Division, Rochester, United States of America
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Coduri M, Scavini M, Pani M, Carnasciali MM, Klein H, Artini C. From nano to microcrystals: effects of different synthetic pathways on the defect architecture in heavily Gd-doped ceria. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:11612-11630. [PMID: 28428993 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of the defect structure and microstructure of heavily Gd-doped ceria (Ce1-μREμO2-y, 0.313 ≤ μ ≤ 0.438) for different synthetic pathways is investigated here to explore the way defects interact with each other in a composition range known to effectively hamper the application of the material as an electrolyte. Synchrotron radiation powder diffraction is exploited by combining conventional Rietveld analysis with the Pair Distribution Function to get a multiscale picture of defect structures, and it is combined with Raman spectroscopy to assess local scale interactions. Samples were prepared via both the sol-gel route and coprecipitation of oxalates by sintering the powders at different temperatures to obtain samples with different defect distributions and crystallite sizes, investigated using electron microscopy and Whole Powder Pattern Modelling from diffraction data. As a general scheme, increasing the doping amount transforms the fluorite structure of ceria into C-type Gd2O3. For samples annealed at and above 900 °C, containing crystals at least ∼100 nm in size, this transformation occurs through a mechanism involving first the formation of distorted Gd-rich droplets on the local scale, then the growth of extended C-type nanodomains. Nanoparticles, resulting from thermal treatments at lower temperature, are less distorted on the local scale and transform abruptly upon doping, without forming larger dopant-rich aggregations, from fluorite to the C-type. The annealing temperature not only acts on the sintering of the crystallites, it is also found to promote a radical change in the microstructure as a consequence of the preferential aggregation of oxygen vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coduri
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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21
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Ouda M, Mantei FK, Elmehlawy M, White RJ, Klein H, Fateen SEK. Describing oxymethylene ether synthesis based on the application of non-stoichiomsetric Gibbs minimisation. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A naturally inspired non-Stochastic Global Optimiser is used to describe the synthesis of oxymethylene ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ouda
- Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group
- Division Hydrogen Technologies
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - F. K. Mantei
- Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group
- Division Hydrogen Technologies
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - M. Elmehlawy
- Energy and Bioprocess Engineering Program
- Zewail City of Science and Technology
- Giza
- Egypt
| | - R. J. White
- Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group
- Division Hydrogen Technologies
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - H. Klein
- Institute of Process and Plant Technology
- Technical University Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - S.-E. K. Fateen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
- Environmental Engineering Program
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22
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Ng B, White CC, Klein H, Sieberts SK, McCabe C, Patrick E, Xu J, Yu L, Gaiteri C, Bennett DA, Mostafavi S, De Jager PL. An xQTL map integrates the genetic architecture of the human brain's transcriptome and epigenome. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1418-1426. [PMID: 28869584 PMCID: PMC5785926 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a multi-omic resource generated by applying quantitative trait locus (xQTL) analyses to RNA sequence, DNA methylation and histone acetylation data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 411 older adults who have all three data types. We identify SNPs significantly associated with gene expression, DNA methylation and histone modification levels. Many of these SNPs influence multiple molecular features, and we demonstrate that SNP effects on RNA expression are fully mediated by epigenetic features in 9% of these loci. Further, we illustrate the utility of our new resource, xQTL Serve, by using it to prioritize the cell type(s) most affected by an xQTL. We also reanalyze published genome wide association studies using an xQTL-weighted analysis approach and identify 18 new schizophrenia and 2 new bipolar susceptibility variants, which is more than double the number of loci that can be discovered with a larger blood-based expression eQTL resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ng
- Department of Statistics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - CC White
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Klein
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Translational & Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - C McCabe
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Patrick
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Xu
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - DA Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - S Mostafavi
- Department of Statistics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, CIFAR program in Child and Brain Development, Toronto, Canada,To whom the correspondence should be addressed to: and
| | - PL De Jager
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Translational & Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,To whom the correspondence should be addressed to: and
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Kutyifa V, Vermilye K, Daimee U, McNitt S, Klein H, Moss A, Goldenberg I. P6417Extended wearable cardioverter defibrillator use in patients at-risk for sudden death. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p6417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Brede HJ, Dietze G, Klein H, Schölermann H. Determination of Neutron-Induced Alpha-Particle Cross Sections on Carbon Using the Response of a Liquid Scintillation Detector. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse91-a23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Brede
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - G. Dietze
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. Klein
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. Schölermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Cabral
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - G. Börker
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. Klein
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - W. Mannhart
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Märten
- Technische Universität Dresden Sektion Physik, Mommsenstrasse 13 DDR-8027 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - D. Richter
- Technische Universität Dresden Sektion Physik, Mommsenstrasse 13 DDR-8027 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - D. Seeliger
- Technische Universität Dresden Sektion Physik, Mommsenstrasse 13 DDR-8027 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - W. D. Fromm
- Zentralinstitut für Kernforschung Rossendorf, Postfach 19 DDR-8051 Dresden, German Democratic Republic
| | - R. Böttger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100 D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. Klein
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Bundesallee 100 D-3300 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany
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Böttger R, Klein H, Chalupka A, Strohmaier B. Investigation of the Spectral Fluence of Neutrons from Spontaneous Fission of 252Cf by Means of Time-of-Flight Spectrometry. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse90-a29065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Böttger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. Klein
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig Federal Republic of Germany
| | - A. Chalupka
- Institut für Radiumforschung und Kernphysik, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - B. Strohmaier
- Institut für Radiumforschung und Kernphysik, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Dietze
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of German
| | - H. Klein
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100 Braunschweig, Federal Republic of German
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Klein H, Chacham M, Rachmiel A. Are there predisposing factors for obstructive salivary glands pathologies? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ouda M, Yarce G, White RJ, Hadrich M, Himmel D, Schaadt A, Klein H, Jacob E, Krossing I. Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ether synthesis – a combined chemical equilibrium investigation towards an increasingly efficient and potentially sustainable synthetic route. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (denoted as OME) are potential sustainable energy carriers and platform chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ouda
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Institute of Process and Plant Technology
- Technical University Munich
| | - G. Yarce
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - R. J. White
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - M. Hadrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - D. Himmel
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - A. Schaadt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - H. Klein
- Institute of Process and Plant Technology
- Technical University Munich
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - E. Jacob
- Motors Emissions Concepts UG
- 82152 Krailling
- Germany
| | - I. Krossing
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
- FMF - Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum
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Brown JE, Amundsen I, Bartnicki J, Dowdall M, Dyve JE, Hosseini A, Klein H, Standring W. Impacts on the terrestrial environment in case of a hypothetical accident involving the recovery of the dumped Russian submarine K-27. J Environ Radioact 2016; 165:1-12. [PMID: 27573758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objects containing radioactivity have been routinely dumped in Arctic waters near NW Russia up until the 1990s. One of the most radioactive objects in this region, the nuclear submarine K-27, was dumped in Stepogovo Fjord and contained spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Although the two K-27 submarine reactors were mothballed before dumping, concerns about the potential long term risks of contamination remain and plans to retrieve and decommission K-27 exist. In this article, human dose and environmental impact aseessments are presented for two possible future scenarios involving: (1) an ingress of water into a reactor in situ leading to a spontaneous chain reaction (SCR) and (2) an on-board fire when SNF is being removed at the mainland decommissiong site at Gremhika Bay on the Kola Peninsula. Assessments have been completed using conservative assumptions, focusing on possible effects to Norwegian territory. Atmospheric transport and deposition of radioactivity was modelled near field and regionally, using appropriate models, whilst human doses and environmental exposures were modelled using a standard IAEA approach and the ERICA tool, respectively. Results indicate that large areas of Norwegian territory could be affected by fallout from the Gremhika scenario, especially in the north, though at levels two orders of magnitude lower than those observed after the Chernobyl accident. Potential doses, primarily due to ground shine, to a critical group of personnel on-site at Stepogovo resulting from a SCR could require preventative measures based on ICRP recommendations (20-100 mSv). Doses to non-human biota in Norway for the Gremhika scenario would be negligible, typical of background dose rates for terrestrial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Brown
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Department of Emergency Preparedness and Environmental Radioactivity, Grini næringspark 13 Postbox 55, NO-1332, Østerås, Norway.
| | - I Amundsen
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Department of Emergency Preparedness and Environmental Radioactivity, Grini næringspark 13 Postbox 55, NO-1332, Østerås, Norway
| | - J Bartnicki
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43, Blindern, NO-0313, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Dowdall
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Department of Emergency Preparedness and Environmental Radioactivity, Grini næringspark 13 Postbox 55, NO-1332, Østerås, Norway
| | - J E Dyve
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Department of Emergency Preparedness and Environmental Radioactivity, Grini næringspark 13 Postbox 55, NO-1332, Østerås, Norway
| | - A Hosseini
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Department of Emergency Preparedness and Environmental Radioactivity, Grini næringspark 13 Postbox 55, NO-1332, Østerås, Norway
| | - H Klein
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43, Blindern, NO-0313, Oslo, Norway
| | - W Standring
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Department of Emergency Preparedness and Environmental Radioactivity, Grini næringspark 13 Postbox 55, NO-1332, Østerås, Norway
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Landgraf R, Kellerer M, Fach E, Gallwitz B, Hamann A, Joost H, Klein H, Müller-Wieland D, Nauck M, Reuter H, Schreiber S, Siegel E. Praxisempfehlungen DDG/DGIM. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-114151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E. Fach
- Studienzentrum Stephanskirchen
| | - B. Gallwitz
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - A. Hamann
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Hochtaunuskliniken gGmbH, Bad Homburg v.d.H
| | - H. Joost
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal
| | - H. Klein
- Medizinische Klinik I, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum
| | | | - M. Nauck
- St. Josef-Hospital, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität, Bochum
| | - H. Reuter
- Innere Medizin/Diabetologie, GP Ambulantes Medizinisches Zentrum, Jena
| | | | - E. Siegel
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin – Gastroenterologie, Diabetologie/Endokrinologie und Ernährungsmedizin, St. Josefskrankenhaus Heidelberg GmbH
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Abstract
PURPOSE Race and HIV are intertwined in complex ways. African Americans, particularly those residing in the southern United States, are at great risk for contracting and subsequently transmitting HIV. Research on the extent to which members of this population understand the risks associated with engaging in specific behaviors is limited. This paper examines HIV knowledge among at-risk adult African American men and women and the factors associated with levels of HIV knowledge. METHODS Based on a conceptual model derived from Social Disorganization Theory and Syndemics Theory, interviews were conducted between 2009 and 2011. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with 1,864 respondents from 80 strategically-chosen census block groups in Atlanta, Georgia. An innovative approach to assessing amount of HIV knowledge was implemented, to derive better estimates of the extent of knowledge. RESULTS Overall, HIV knowledge was low (average=43.5% correct answers). Seven factors were identified as contributing uniquely to having higher levels of knowledge about HIV transmission: (1) younger age, (2) being educated beyond the high school level, (3) being gay, lesbian or bisexual, (4) experiencing sexual abuse during childhood and/or adolescence, (5) drinking alcohol less frequently, (6) knowing a larger number of HIV-infected persons and (7) knowing anyone currently living with "full blown" AIDS. CONCLUSION HIV educational and intervention programs targeting at-risk African American adults need to develop effective ways of bolstering a solid understanding of how HIV is/not transmitted. In particular, efforts need to be targeted toward older adults, those with lower levels of educational attainment and persons who are not acquainted with anyone who is HIV-infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Klein
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C E Sterk
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | - K W Elifson
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
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Pfeiffer A, Gebauer S, Rubin D, Schulze M, Buchholz G, Klein H, von Lilienfeld-Toal H, Reinert G, Simon M, Müssig K, Skurk T, Hauner H, Tombek A, Müller M, Fischer S, Weickert M, Hoffmann D. Ernährungsempfehlungen zur Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus – Empfehlungen zur Proteinzufuhr. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pfeiffer
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Abt. Klinische Ernährung, Nuthetal
| | - S. Gebauer
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Abt. Klinische Ernährung, Nuthetal
| | - D. Rubin
- Vivantes Humboldt-Klinikum, Klinik für Innere Medizin-Gastroenterologie und Diabetologie, Berlin
| | - M. Schulze
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Abt. Molekulare Epidemiologie, Nuthetal
| | - G. Buchholz
- Internistische Gemeinschaftspraxis Daikeler, Sinsheim
| | - H. Klein
- Medizinische Klinik I-Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Endokrinologie und Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum
| | | | - G. Reinert
- Hochwald-Kliniken Weiskirchen, Weiskirchen
| | - M. Simon
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD) e.V., Partner Berlin (Pfeiffer A. F. H., Gebauer S., Hoffmann D.) und Partner Düsseldorf (Müssig K., Simon M.-C.)
| | - K. Müssig
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD) e.V., Partner Berlin (Pfeiffer A. F. H., Gebauer S., Hoffmann D.) und Partner Düsseldorf (Müssig K., Simon M.-C.)
| | - T. Skurk
- TU München, Abt. Klinische Ernährungsmedizin, Freising-Weihenstephan
| | - H. Hauner
- TU München, Abt. Klinische Ernährungsmedizin, Freising-Weihenstephan
| | - A. Tombek
- Diabetes Klinik Bad Mergentheim GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Mergentheim
| | - M. Müller
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - S. Fischer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Universitätsklinikum "Carl Gustav Carus" der TU Dresden, Dresden
| | - M. Weickert
- Consultant Endocrinology & Diabetes, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, University of Warwick, UK
| | - D. Hoffmann
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Abt. Klinische Ernährung, Nuthetal
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Klein H, Elifson KW, Sterk CE. How the Interaction of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Gender Relates to HIV Risk Practices among Urban-Dwelling African Americans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 30197963 DOI: 10.15744/2454-499x.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Previous research has demonstrated that HIV risk practices often differ based on gender and on whether or not people experienced sexual abuse during their formative (i.e., childhood and adolescence) years. The interaction of these two factors, which is the focus of this paper, has received limited attention. Methods Based on a model derived from Social Disorganization Theory and Syndemics Theory, interviews were conducted between 2009 and 2012 with 1,864 African American adults residing in Atlanta, Georgia in 80 strategically-chosen consensus block groups. Results Based on multiple regression and structural equation analyses, the interaction of sexual abuse and gender was found to be a significant predictor of involvement in (un)protected sex. The interaction of sexual abuse and gender also was related to condom use self-efficacy, which was one of the strongest factors underlying (un)protected sex. Conclusion The relationship of sexual abuse history and gender is relevant in the understanding of HIV risk practices. The interaction of these factors with one another and with other relevant influences that shape people's HIV risk profiles is complex. The Syndemics Theory approach used to conceptualize the relationships among relevant variables in this study is an effective way of trying to understand and address HIV risk practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Klein
- Kensington Research Institute, Kensington MD and Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - K W Elifson
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
| | - C E Sterk
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta GA, United States
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Bartnicki J, Amundsen I, Brown J, Hosseini A, Hov Ø, Haakenstad H, Klein H, Lind OC, Salbu B, Szacinski Wendel CC, Ytre-Eide MA. Atmospheric transport of radioactive debris to Norway in case of a hypothetical accident related to the recovery of the Russian submarine K-27. J Environ Radioact 2016; 151 Pt 2:404-416. [PMID: 25804322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Russian nuclear submarine K-27 suffered a loss of coolant accident in 1968 and with nuclear fuel in both reactors it was scuttled in 1981 in the outer part of Stepovogo Bay located on the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya. The inventory of spent nuclear fuel on board the submarine is of concern because it represents a potential source of radioactive contamination of the Kara Sea and a criticality accident with potential for long-range atmospheric transport of radioactive particles cannot be ruled out. To address these concerns and to provide a better basis for evaluating possible radiological impacts of potential releases in case a salvage operation is initiated, we assessed the atmospheric transport of radionuclides and deposition in Norway from a hypothetical criticality accident on board the K-27. To achieve this, a long term (33 years) meteorological database has been prepared and used for selection of the worst case meteorological scenarios for each of three selected locations of the potential accident. Next, the dispersion model SNAP was run with the source term for the worst-case accident scenario and selected meteorological scenarios. The results showed predictions to be very sensitive to the estimation of the source term for the worst-case accident and especially to the sizes and densities of released radioactive particles. The results indicated that a large area of Norway could be affected, but that the deposition in Northern Norway would be considerably higher than in other areas of the country. The simulations showed that deposition from the worst-case scenario of a hypothetical K-27 accident would be at least two orders of magnitude lower than the deposition observed in Norway following the Chernobyl accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Bartnicki
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43 Blindern, NO-0313 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Ingar Amundsen
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, NO-1361 Østerås, Norway
| | - Justin Brown
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, NO-1361 Østerås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ali Hosseini
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, NO-1361 Østerås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Øystein Hov
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43 Blindern, NO-0313 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Hilde Haakenstad
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43 Blindern, NO-0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heiko Klein
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43 Blindern, NO-0313 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Cato C Szacinski Wendel
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Martin Album Ytre-Eide
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, NO-1361 Østerås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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Landgraf R, Kellerer M, Fach E, Gallwitz B, Hamann A, Joost H, Klein H, Müller-Wieland D, Nauck M, Reuter H, Schreiber S, Siegel E, Matthaei S. Praxisempfehlungen DDG/DGIM. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1553539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E. Fach
- Studienzentrum Stephanskirchen
| | - B. Gallwitz
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - A. Hamann
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Hochtaunuskliniken gGmbH, Bad Homburg v.d.H
| | - H. Joost
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal
| | - H. Klein
- Medizinische Klinik I, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum
| | | | - M. Nauck
- St. Josef-Hospital, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität, Bochum
| | - H. Reuter
- Innere Medizin/Diabetologie, GP Ambulantes Medizinisches Zentrum, Jena
| | | | - E. Siegel
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin – Gastroenterologie, Diabetologie/Endokrinologie und Ernährungsmedizin, St. Josefskrankenhaus Heidelberg GmbH
| | - S. Matthaei
- Fachabteilung für Diabetologie, Endokrinologie und Stoffwechselerkrankungen am Christlichen Krankenhaus Diabetes-Zentrum Quakenbrück
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Woods B, Hawkins N, Mealing S, Sutton A, Abraham WT, Beshai JF, Klein H, Sculpher M, Plummer CJ, Cowie MR. Individual patient data network meta-analysis of mortality effects of implantable cardiac devices. Heart 2015; 101:1800-6. [PMID: 26269413 PMCID: PMC4680159 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), cardiac resynchronisation therapy pacemakers (CRT-P) and the combination therapy (CRT-D) have been shown to reduce all-cause mortality compared with medical therapy alone in patients with heart failure and reduced EF. Our aim was to synthesise data from major randomised controlled trials to estimate the comparative mortality effects of these devices and how these vary according to patients' characteristics. METHODS Data from 13 randomised trials (12 638 patients) were provided by medical technology companies. Individual patient data were synthesised using network meta-analysis. RESULTS Unadjusted analyses found CRT-D to be the most effective treatment (reduction in rate of death vs medical therapy: 42% (95% credible interval: 32-50%), followed by ICD (29% (20-37%)) and CRT-P (28% (15-40%)). CRT-D reduced mortality compared with CRT-P (19% (1-33%)) and ICD (18% (7-28%)). QRS duration, left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology, age and gender were included as predictors of benefit in the final adjusted model. In this model, CRT-D reduced mortality in all subgroups (range: 53% (34-66%) to 28% (-1% to 49%)). Patients with QRS duration ≥150 ms, LBBB morphology and female gender benefited more from CRT-P and CRT-D. Men and those <60 years benefited more from ICD. CONCLUSIONS These data provide estimates for the mortality benefits of device therapy conditional upon multiple patient characteristics. They can be used to estimate an individual patient's expected relative benefit and thus inform shared decision making. Clinical guidelines should discuss age and gender as predictors of device benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Woods
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK Department of Health Economics, ICON Clinical Research, Oxford, UK
| | - N Hawkins
- Department of Health Economics, ICON Clinical Research, Oxford, UK Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S Mealing
- Department of Health Economics, ICON Clinical Research, Oxford, UK
| | - A Sutton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - W T Abraham
- Ohio State University Medical Centre, Ohio, USA
| | | | - H Klein
- University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - M Sculpher
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK Department of Health Economics, ICON Clinical Research, Oxford, UK
| | | | - M R Cowie
- Imperial College London (Royal Brompton Hospital), London, UK
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Wild A, Engel V, Hanuš F, Rehfeldt S, Klein H. Zellenmodell zur Auslegung von Packungskolonnen Teil 2: Das WelChem-Zellenmodell zur Berechnung der Maldistribution. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201550077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hanus F, Rehfeldt S, Klein H. Zellenmodell zur Auslegung von Packungskolonnen Teil 1: Untersuchung der Flüssigkeitsverteilung in Füllkörperpackungen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201550041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The red blood cell (RBC) storage interval has been extended from less than a week to the current storage interval of 6-8 weeks. Regulatory criteria for extending storage rely upon a minimal degree of hemolysis and acceptable in vivo 24-h post transfusion recovery. Clinical studies of safety and efficacy have never been required. Concerns have arisen that RBC toward the end of storage develop a 'storage lesion' with previously unrecognized toxicity. Of the several mechanisms proposed, the bolus of iron delivered to macrophages as a result of hemolysis of stored RBC might pose a particular risk to patients with existing infections. We developed a canine model of pneumonia to compare the toxicity of stored RBC transfusion. We described increased mortality after transfusion of old RBC. We found that transfused older RBC increased mortality, in vivo hemolysis, circulating cell-free hemoglobin that scavenges nitric oxide, and elevations of non-transferrin bound and plasma labile iron. Disappearance of circulating iron correlated with increased mortality, worsening pulmonary function, and bacterial proliferation. Washing decreased the mortality associated with transfusing older RBC, but had the opposite effect on fresher blood. With low doses of bacteria, survival was unaffected by the age of blood, whereas high bacteria doses masked any effect of RBC age on mortality. Older RBC may have adverse effects, but the patient's clinical status, the age, volume and method of preparation of the RBC may be critical variables. Several mechanisms may account for this toxicity, but in the presence of bacterial infection, availability of iron likely plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Klein
- CC/DTM, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Giangrande P, Seitz R, Behr-Gross ME, Berger K, Hilger A, Klein H, Schramm W, Mannucci PM. Kreuth III: European consensus proposals for treatment of haemophilia with coagulation factor concentrates. Haemophilia 2015; 20:322-5. [PMID: 24731129 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This report summarizes recommendations relating to haemophilia therapy arising from discussions among experts from 36 European countries during the Kreuth III meeting in April 2013. To optimize the organization of haemophilia care nationally, it is recommended that a formal body be established in each country to include the relevant clinicians, national haemophilia patient organization, health ministry, paying authority and (if appropriate) regulatory authorities. The minimum factor VIII consumption level in a country should be 3 I.U. per capita. Decisions on whether to adopt a new product should not be based solely on cost. Prophylaxis for children with severe haemophilia is already recognized as the optimum therapy. Ongoing prophylaxis for individual adults should also be provided when required based on clinical decision making by the clinician in consultation with the patient. Children with inhibitors who have failed, or who are not suitable for, immune tolerance therapy should be offered prophylaxis with bypassing agents. Single factor concentrates should be used as therapy wherever possible in patients with rare bleeding disorders. Orphan drug designation for a factor concentrate should not be used to hinder the development, licencing and marketing of other products for the same condition which have demonstrably different protein modification or enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giangrande
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford, UK; European Haemophilia Consortium, Brussels, Belgium
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Landgraf R, Kellerer M, Fach E, Gallwitz B, Hamann A, Joost H, Klein H, Müller-Wieland D, Nauck M, Reuter H, Schreiber S, Siegel E, Matthaei S. Praxisempfehlungen DDG/DGIM. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E. Fach
- Diabetologische Schwerpunktpraxis, Rosenheim
| | - B. Gallwitz
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - A. Hamann
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Hochtaunuskliniken gGmbH, Bad Homburg v.d. H
| | - H. Joost
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal
| | - H. Klein
- Medizinische Klinik I, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum
| | | | - M. Nauck
- Fachklinik für Diabetes und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, Diabetes-Zentrum Bad Lauterberg, Bad Lauterberg im Harz
| | - H.- Reuter
- Innere Medizin/Diabetologie, GP Ambulantes Medizinisches Zentrum, Jena
| | | | - E. Siegel
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin – Gastroenterologie, Diabetologie/Endokrinologie und Ernährungsmedizin, St. Josefskrankenhaus Heidelberg GmbH
| | - S. Matthaei
- Fachabteilung für Diabetologie, Endokrinologie und Stoffwechselerkrankungen am Christlichen Krankenhaus Diabetes-Zentrum Quakenbrück
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Sommer IE, van Bekkum DW, Klein H, Yolken R, de Witte L, Talamo G. Severe chronic psychosis after allogeneic SCT from a schizophrenic sibling. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 50:153-4. [PMID: 25285805 PMCID: PMC4287892 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I E Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D W van Bekkum
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Groningen University, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Yolken
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lot de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G Talamo
- Bone Marrow Transplant Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute Hershey, Hershey, PA, USA
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Klein H. Nicht-valvuläres Vorhofflimmern: direkte Thrombinhemmer vs. VKA. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139:1696. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1360616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Egen C, Ballüer K, Wilhelm I, Lindner HJ, Gaedtke D, Klein H, Seger W, Rohland D, Schenke N, Gutenbrunner C. [Development of a claim form for the initiation of post-treatment rehabilitation for nationwide use by all reimbursement agencies: a report and plea for reducing administrative barriers]. Gesundheitswesen 2014; 77:368-73. [PMID: 24918868 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the results of a survey of claim forms that are used when starting rehabilitation following inpatient treatment and of an evaluation of a claim form developed on the basis of the results. The survey of different existing forms shows a high overlapping in content, suggesting the possibility of unification to one claim form that can be accepted by all insurers. In analogy to the Delphi method criteria for evaluation were consented and applied by the author group to assess the relevance of the claim forms content items for the process of initiating rehabilitation. A group of further experts added their evaluations. We prioritised the results and extracted the essential contents to conceive a unified claim form eligible for all types of rehabilitation. The claim form was discussed in 3 focus groups, revised accordingly and tested in the Hannover Medical School. Test results show that all relevant information is asked for and that the form is well manageable. The users' request for an IT-based solution and further ideas for improvement were integrated into the revised and validated version of the claim form. It is now available for all stake holders, in particular for insurers, as a means to improve quality of care and efficiency by standardisation of rehabilitation claim forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Egen
- Klinik für Rehabilitationsmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - K Ballüer
- Ressort Krankenversorgung, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - I Wilhelm
- Sozialdienst, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - H-J Lindner
- Direktion Hannover Gesundheitsmanagement stationär, AOK Niedersachsen, Hannover
| | - D Gaedtke
- Direktion Hannover Gesundheitsmanagement stationär, AOK Niedersachsen, Hannover
| | - H Klein
- Direktion Hannover Gesundheitsmanagement stationär, AOK Niedersachsen, Hannover
| | - W Seger
- Ärztliche Leitung, MDK Niedersachsen, Hannover
| | - D Rohland
- Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherungen in Niedersachsen, Geschäftsbereich Consulting, Hannover
| | - N Schenke
- Klinik für Rehabilitationsmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
| | - C Gutenbrunner
- Klinik für Rehabilitationsmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
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Abstract
Abstract
Results of experiments are reported demonstrating spinoidal decomposition in a critical mixture of polystyrene and cyclohexane. If time and length are properly scaled using data obtained from static and dynamic light scattering exper iments, the time evolution of the “spinodal ring” is represented to a good approximation by an empirical equation proposed by Snyder and Meakin which describes spinodal decomposition for various types of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Schmitz
- Institut für Raumsimulation, DFVLR. D-5000 Köln 90
| | - H. Klein
- Institut für Raumsimulation, DFVLR. D-5000 Köln 90
| | - D. Woermann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Köln, D-5000 Köln 41
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Fakin RM, Biraima A, Klein H, Giovanoli P, Calcagni M. Primary functional and aesthetic restoration of the fingernail in distal fingertip amputations with the eponychial flap. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2014; 39:499-504. [PMID: 23719172 DOI: 10.1177/1753193413489794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fingertip injuries often result in fingernail defects. Reconstruction of this structure is important for adequate functional and aesthetic results. This study evaluates the eponychial flap reconstruction technique in 45 fingertip amputations with loss of more than half the fingernail. In 33 cases the procedure was performed in combination with a palmar island flap for pulp reconstruction. Average follow up was 5 months. All eponychial flaps healed uneventfully. In 44 cases, the pulp volume was restored without nail growth disturbance. Five complications (9%) were observed (pain, soft nail, and nail deformity). Only one hook nail deformity required reoperation. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcome. We found eponychial flap fingernail reconstruction effective even for injuries proximal to the lunula and have extended the indication for this technique to very proximal fingernail defects. Eponychial flap reconstruction is a simple, safe, and time-effective technique without donor site morbidity. Simultaneous reconstruction of dorsal and palmar injuries should both be performed primarily resulting in the restoration of a satisfying fingertip.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Fakin
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Biraima
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Klein
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Giovanoli
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Calcagni
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Klein H. Milde therapeutische Hypothermie bei Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139:1181. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1369913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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