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Alve J, Huttunen J, Leinonen V, Jyrkkänen HK, Danner N. Outcome and complications of operatively treated subaxial cervical spine injuries: A population-based retrospective cohort study. World Neurosurg X 2024; 22:100283. [PMID: 38496346 PMCID: PMC10943471 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2024.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim was to study the outcome and complications of operative treatment for subaxial cervical spine injuries with respect to injury morphology and surgical strategy. Methods A population-based cohort of 271 consecutive patients treated at Kuopio University Hospital from 2003 to 2018 was retrospectively reviewed. Results The mean age was 52.4 (range 12-90) years and 78.6% were male. The AOSpine morphological classification was C in 56.5%, B in 24.7% and A in 17.0% of cases. The surgical approach was anterior in 70.8%, posterior in 20.3% and combined in 8.9% of patients. Fixation alignment was maintained in 96.9% of patients. Instrumentation failures were observed only in patients operated anteriorly but no statistical difference was found between the surgical approaches. The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade improved in 22.1% of patients. Patients with preoperative AIS grade C had significant potential for neurological improvement (OR 10.44; 95% CI 1.77-61.56; p = 0.010). Postoperative, mostly mild, complications manifested in 22.5% of patients. The posterior approach was associated with fewer postoperative complications (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.06-0.51; p = 0.001). Preoperative AIS grade A was a significant predisposing factor for complications (OR = 4.90; 95% CI = 1.49-16.10; p = 0.009). The perioperative (90-day) mortality rate was 3.3%. The mean follow-up period was 64.7 ± 25.9 (radiological)/136.7 ± 174.8 (clinical) days. Conclusions Operative treatment is safe and effective but the surgical approach should be patient- and injury-specific. The prognosis for neurological recovery from spinal cord injury is superior in patients with partially preserved motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Alve
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Huttunen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nils Danner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Moniruzzaman S, Kaipainen A, Tervonen J, Huttunen J, Jyrkkänen HK, Huuskonen TJ, Rantala S. Long-term outcome of operated Chiari I patients between 2005 and 2020 in Eastern Finland. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:115. [PMID: 38416251 PMCID: PMC10902000 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to examine the long-term outcomes of operated Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) patients and evaluate whether different duraplasty techniques affected outcome after surgery in Kuopio University Hospital catchment area. METHODS In this retrospective study, a total of 93 patients were diagnosed with CM1 and underwent posterior fossa decompression surgery with or without duraplasty between 2005 and 2020. All patients' medical records were examined for baseline characteristics, surgical details, and long-term follow-up data after operation. RESULTS The mean age of CM1 patients was 25.9 years (SD 19.2 years), with female preponderance 69/93 (73.4%). The mean clinical follow-up time was 26.5 months (SD 33.5 months). The most common presenting symptoms were headache, symptoms of extremities, and paresthesia. Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty was performed in 87 (93.5%) patients and bony decompression in 6 (6.5%) patients. After surgery, preoperative symptoms alleviated in 84.9% (79/93) and the postoperative syringomyelia regression rate was 89.2% (33/37) of all patients. The postoperative complication rate was 34.4% (32/93), with aseptic meningitis being the most common, 25.8% (24/93). Revision surgery was required in 14% (13/93) of patients. No significant correlation between postoperative outcome and extent of dural decompression, or type of duraplasty performed was found. CONCLUSION This is the largest reported series of surgically treated CM1 patients in Finland. Posterior fossa decompression is an effective procedure for CM1 symptomology. Duraplasty technique had no significant difference in complication rate or long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Moniruzzaman
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Aku Kaipainen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joona Tervonen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Huttunen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terhi J Huuskonen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanna Rantala
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Della Pietra A, Krivoshein G, Ivanov K, Giniatullina R, Jyrkkänen HK, Leinonen V, Lehtonen M, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Savinainen J, Giniatullin R. Potent dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor AKU-005 engages endocannabinoids to diminish meningeal nociception implicated in migraine pain. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:38. [PMID: 37038131 PMCID: PMC10088116 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engaging the endocannabinoid system through inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), degrading endocannabinoids (endoCBs) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA), was proposed as a promising approach to ameliorate migraine pain. However, the activity of MAGL and FAAH and action of endoCB on spiking activity of meningeal afferents, from which migraine pain originates, has not been explored thus far. Therefore, we here explored the analgesic effects of endoCB enhancement in rat and human meningeal tissues. METHODS Both MAGL and FAAH activity and local 2-AG and AEA levels were measured by activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and LC-MS/MS, respectively, in rat meninges obtained from hemiskulls of P38-P40 Wistar rats and human meninges from elderly patients undergoing non-migraine related neurosurgery. The action on endoCBs upon administration of novel dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor AKU-005 on meningeal afferents excitability was tested by investigating paired KCl-induced spiking and validation with local (co-)application of either AEA or 2-AG. Finally, the specific TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and blocker capsazepine were tested. RESULTS The basal level of 2-AG exceeded that of AEA in rat and human meninges. KCl-induced depolarization doubled the level of AEA. AKU-005 slightly increased spontaneous spiking activity whereas the dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor significantly decreased excitation of nerve fibres induced by KCl. Similar inhibitory effects on meningeal afferents were observed with local applications of 2-AG or AEA. The action of AKU-005 was reversed by CB1 antagonist AM-251, implying CB1 receptor involvement in the anti-nociceptive effect. The inhibitory action of AEA was also reversed by AM-251, but not with the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. Data cluster analysis revealed that both AKU-005 and AEA largely increased long-term depression-like meningeal spiking activity upon paired KCl-induced spiking. CONCLUSIONS In the meninges, high anti-nociceptive 2-AG levels can tonically counteract meningeal signalling, whereas AEA can be engaged on demand by local depolarization. AEA-mediated anti-nociceptive effects through CB1 receptors have therapeutic potential. Together with previously detected MAGL activity in trigeminal ganglia, dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor AKU-005 appears promising as migraine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Della Pietra
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Georgii Krivoshein
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juha Savinainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Jyrkkänen HK, Nissen M, Ikäheimo TM, Kaukovuori A, Von Und Fraunberg M, Huttunen J. PO218 / #874 OCCIPITAL NERVE STIMULATION IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CLUSTER HEADACHE. Neuromodulation 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.08.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jyrkkänen HK, Nissen M, Ikäheimo TM, Kaukovuori A, Von Und Fraunberg M, Huttunen J. PO221 / #870 THE TREATMENT OF OCCIPITAL NEURALGIA WITH OCCIPITAL NERVE STIMULATION. Neuromodulation 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.08.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Huttunen J, Fraunberg MVUZ, Ikäheimo TM, Jyrkkänen HK, Nissen M, Leinonen V, Salmenkivi J, Malmivaara A, Sirola J, Sund R. Incidence and risk factors of spinal cord stimulation for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery: a population-based study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:2645-2653. [PMID: 35713719 PMCID: PMC9519649 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to elucidate the incidence of and independent risk factors for spinal cord stimulator implantations for patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery. METHODS The PERFormance, Effectiveness, and Cost of Treatment (PERFECT) episodes database, which was established for selected diseases and procedures in Finland, includes all patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery for degenerative spine conditions or spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in Finland from 1986 to 2018. The data on age, sex, hospital diagnoses, surgical procedures, and causes of death were imported from the Finnish national registers into the PERFECT database. RESULTS Between 1986 and 2018, 157,824 patients had their first lumbar spine procedure and for 1769 (1.1%) of them, a subsequent SCS procedure was observed during the follow-up. The cumulative incidence of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar disk herniation, spinal stenosis, degenerative disk disease, and spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis surgery at 15 years was 1.2%, 1.0%, 2.7%, and 2.6% respectively. At 15 years, the cumulative incidence of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery after five or more lumbar spinal operations was 11.9%. CONCLUSION Repeated surgery was the most prominent significant risk factor for SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery. The risk of SCS for persistent or recurrent pain after lumbar spine surgery increases significantly along with the number of lumbar spine procedures. When considering repeated lumbar spine surgery, careful evaluation of treatment options should take place to ensure good patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Huttunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. .,Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, PB 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Tiina-Mari Ikäheimo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mette Nissen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Salmenkivi
- Department of Orthopedics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Malmivaara
- Health Economics and Equity in Health Care Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonas Sirola
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Orthopaedics, and Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Health Economics and Equity in Health Care Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Kaipainen AL, Martoma E, Puustinen T, Tervonen J, Jyrkkänen HK, Paterno JJ, Kotkansalo A, Rantala S, Vanhanen U, Leinonen V, Lehto SM, Iso-Mustajärvi M, Elomaa AP, Qvarlander S, Huuskonen TJ. Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a literature review and validation of contemporary findings. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:3353-3368. [PMID: 34453214 PMCID: PMC8599224 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology related possibly to disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and characterised by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) causing optic nerve atrophy if not timely treated. We studied CSF dynamics of the IIH patients based on the available literature and our well-defined cohort. METHOD A literature review was performed from PubMed between 1980 and 2020 in compliance with the PRISMA guideline. Our study includes 59 patients with clinical, demographical, neuro-ophthalmological, radiological, outcome data, and lumbar CSF pressure measurements for suspicion of IIH; 39 patients had verified IIH while 20 patients did not according to Friedman's criteria, hence referred to as symptomatic controls. RESULTS The literature review yielded 19 suitable studies; 452 IIH patients and 264 controls had undergone intraventricular or lumbar CSF pressure measurements. In our study, the mean CSF pressure, pulse amplitudes, power of respiratory waves (RESP), and the pressure constant (P0) were higher in IIH than symptomatic controls (p < 0.01). The mean CSF pressure was higher in IIH patients with psychiatric comorbidity than without (p < 0.05). In IIH patients without acetazolamide treatment, the RAP index and power of slow waves were also higher (p < 0.05). IIH patients with excess CSF around the optic nerves had lower relative pulse pressure coefficient (RPPC) and RESP than those without (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our literature review revealed increased CSF pressure, resistance to CSF outflow and sagittal sinus pressure (SSP) as key findings in IIH. Our study confirmed significantly higher lumbar CSF pressure and increased CSF pressure waves and RAP index in IIH when excluding patients with acetazolamide treatment. In overall, the findings reflect decreased craniospinal compliance and potentially depleted cerebral autoregulation resulting from the increased CSF pressure in IIH. The increased slow waves in patients without acetazolamide may indicate issues in autoregulation, while increased P0 could reflect the increased SSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aku L Kaipainen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine / Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Erik Martoma
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tero Puustinen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joona Tervonen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi J Paterno
- Opthalmology KUH, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Kotkansalo
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Rantala
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla Vanhanen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- R&D department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Antti-Pekka Elomaa
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Eastern Finland Microsurgery Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Qvarlander
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Terhi J Huuskonen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Sirkka J, Parviainen M, Jyrkkänen HK, Koivisto AM, Säisänen L, Rauramaa T, Leinonen V, Danner N. Upper limb dysfunction and activities in daily living in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:2675-2683. [PMID: 34235588 PMCID: PMC8437908 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurodegenerative disease with a characteristic symptom triad of gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and incontinence. Recently, also dysfunctions in upper limbs have been described in iNPH and reported to improve after shunt surgery. We aim to describe the role of upper limb motor function in the clinical assessment of iNPH patients and its influence on activities of daily living (ADL). Methods Seventy-five consecutive patients with probable iNPH were studied pre-operatively and at 3 and 12 months after shunt surgery. The pre-operative evaluation included lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (tap test). Motor functions were assessed in upper and lower limbs with Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT), Box & Block Test (BBT), Total Score of Gait (TSG), and balance test. ADL was assessed with Barthel’s index and cognition in accordance with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD). Results Patients showed improvement in all motor tests and ADL at 3 months after shunt surgery. The improvement remained stable during the 12-month post-operative follow-up. The motor function tests correlated with each other and with ADL. Conclusions A 3-month follow-up period after shunt surgery is adequate to show improvement in motor tasks, and a positive outcome will last for at least 12 months. A shunt-responsive dysfunction of upper limb motor performance plays a major role in ADL of iNPH patients. Therefore, we suggest an evaluation of upper limb motor performance to be included in routine evaluation of iNPH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Sirkka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Marita Parviainen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Geriatrics/ Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki University Hospital and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Säisänen
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine - Pathology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nils Danner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
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Ylönen H, Danner N, Jyrkkänen HK, Kämäräinen OP, Leinonen V, Huttunen J. Surgically Treated C1 Fractures: A Population-Based Study. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:e333-e342. [PMID: 34284160 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize surgical treatment and outcomes of C1 fractures in a population-based setup. METHODS Patients with C1 fracture treated at Kuopio University Hospital Neurosurgery were retrospectively identified from January 1996 to June 2017. C1 fractures were classified according to the AO Spine Upper Cervical and Gehweiler classification systems. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on their treatment: group 1 (underwent C1 surgery as a primary option), group 2 (underwent C1 surgery as a secondary option after initial nonoperative treatment), group 3 (underwent surgery involving the C1 level with main indication being a concomitant cervical spine fracture), and group 4 (C1 fracture treatment was nonoperative). RESULTS We identified 47 patients with C1 fracture (mean age, 60.3 ± 18.2 years; 83.0% men; American Society of Anesthesiologists score, 2.3 ± 0.8). Concomitant cervical spine fractures were present in 89.4% of cases, most commonly in the C2 vertebra (75.4%). In group 2, 3 of 5 fractures changed from AO Spine type A to B in control imaging after nonoperative treatment, indicating fracture instability and requiring secondary surgery. Good C1 fracture alignment was achieved for 10 of 10 followed-up patients in groups 1 and 2, and for 10 of 11 followed-up patients in group 3. Residual neck pain and stiffness were present in all groups. Neurologic symptoms were rare and mild. CONCLUSIONS For unstable C1 fractures, surgery is safe treatment with good outcomes. Fractures initially determined as stable may require surgery if alignment is worsened in follow-up imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended to better detect unstable C1 fractures in diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Ylönen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North Savo, Finland.
| | - Nils Danner
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Olli-Pekka Kämäräinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North Savo, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, North Savo, Finland
| | - Jukka Huttunen
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Nissen M, Ikäheimo TM, Huttunen J, Leinonen V, Jyrkkänen HK, von Und Zu Fraunberg M. Gabapentinoids Associated With Lower Explantation Rate in 203 Patients With Spinal Cord Stimulation for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:626-634. [PMID: 34270731 PMCID: PMC8632751 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The effect of neuropathic pain medication use on SCS outcome is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of gabapentinoid use on SCS outcome measured by trial success, explantation rate and opioid dose reduction during a 2-yr follow-up. METHODS The study cohort included 203 consecutive FBSS patients who underwent SCS in a single tertiary center during January 1997 to March 2014. Purchase data of gabapentinoids, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and benzodiazepines during January 1995 to March 2016 were retrieved from national registries. RESULTS In multivariate Cox regression analysis, patients using gabapentinoids had significantly fewer explantations during the 2-yr follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] 0.2, 95% CI 0.04-0.81, P = .03). In contrast, patients with opioid use of >40 morphine milligram equivalent before implantation had significantly more explantations (HR 6.7, 95% CI 2.5-18, P < .01). In bivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for patient specific factors, year of SCS implantation, use of neuropathic pain medication, opioids, and benzodiazepines, patients using gabapentinoids significantly more often discontinued opioids or reduced their dose by more than 50% during the 2-yr follow-up (odds ratio 5.7, 95% CI 1.4-23, P = .015). CONCLUSION The use of gabapentinoids was associated with a significantly lower spinal cord stimulator explantation rate and a higher chance of opioid discontinuation or >50% dose reduction. This indicates that patients with SCS could benefit from concomitant use of gabapentinoids. Prospective randomized trials are warranted to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Nissen
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina-Mari Ikäheimo
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Huttunen
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mikael von Und Zu Fraunberg
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Hoikkanen T, Nissen M, Ikäheimo TM, Jyrkkänen HK, Huttunen J, von Und Zu Fraunberg M. Long-Term Outcome of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:597-609. [PMID: 34245150 PMCID: PMC8440061 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment in chronic neuropathic pain, but its efficacy in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) needs to be proven. OBJECTIVE To study the outcome of SCS in CRPS as measured by trial success, explantation rate, complications, and changes in opioid and neuropathic pain medication use over a 4-yr follow-up. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all medical records of 35 consecutive CRPS patients who underwent SCS trials at 2 hospitals during January 1998 to December 2016. The purchase data of opioids and neuropathic pain medication during January 1995 to March 2016 were retrieved from national registries. RESULTS Based on a 1-wk trial, permanent SCS was implanted in 27 (77%) patients. During the median follow-up of 8 yr, 8 (30%) SCS devices were explanted, of which 7 were because of inefficient pain relief. Complications leading to revision occurred in 17 (63%) patients: 8 electrode migrations or stimulation to the wrong area, 1 deep infection, 9 hardware malfunctions, 2 pulse generator discomforts, and 2 SCS replacements. None of the 6 patients using strong opioids discontinued their use during the 2-yr follow-up. The mean opioid dose increased nonsignificantly both in patients with SCS in permanent use (53 ± 150 morphine milligram equivalents morphine milligram equivalent (MME)/day to 120 ± 240 MME/day) and in patients who had SCS explanted (27 ± 72 MME/day to 57 ± 66 MME/day). CONCLUSION Despite the fact that CRPS patients were not able to discontinue or reduce their strong opioid or neuropathic pain medication use, 70% continued to use their SCS device during a median 8-yr follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hoikkanen
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mette Nissen
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina-Mari Ikäheimo
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jukka Huttunen
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael von Und Zu Fraunberg
- Neurosurgery of KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Junkkari A, Sintonen H, Danner N, Jyrkkänen HK, Rauramaa T, Luikku AJ, Koivisto AM, Roine RP, Viinamäki H, Soininen H, Jääskeläinen JE, Leinonen V. 5-Year health-related quality of life outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol 2021; 268:3283-3293. [PMID: 33651154 PMCID: PMC8357651 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is severely impaired in persons with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The HRQoL improves in a number of patients after the placement of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt, but long-term follow-up of HRQoL is rare. METHODS Extended follow-up (60 months) of a prospective cohort study involving 189 patients with iNPH who underwent shunt surgery. Preoperative variables were used to predict favorable HRQoL outcome (improvement or non-deterioration) measured by the 15D instrument 5 years after shunting. RESULTS Out of the 189 initially enrolled study participants, 88 had completed 5-year HRQoL follow-up (46%), 64 had died (34%), and 37 (20%) failed to complete the HRQoL follow-up but were alive at the end of the study. After initial post-operative HRQoL improvement, HRQoL deteriorated so that 37/88 participants (42%) had a favorable HRQoL outcome 5 years after shunting. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age (adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.95; p < 0.005), lower body mass index (adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.98; p < 0.05) and better Mini-Mental State Examination performance (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.32; p < 0.05) before surgery predicted favorable 5-year outcome. CONCLUSIONS This extended follow-up showed that the self-evaluated HRQoL outcome is associated with iNPH patients' pre-operative cognitive status, overweight and age. The post-operative deterioration may reflect the natural progression of iNPH, but also derive from aging and comorbidities. It indicates a need for long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Junkkari
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70029 KYS, POB 100, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - H Sintonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Danner
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70029 KYS, POB 100, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H K Jyrkkänen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70029 KYS, POB 100, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A J Luikku
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70029 KYS, POB 100, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A M Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R P Roine
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Viinamäki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J E Jääskeläinen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70029 KYS, POB 100, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Leinonen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, 70029 KYS, POB 100, Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Nissen M, Ikäheimo TM, Huttunen J, Leinonen V, Jyrkkänen HK, von Und Zu Fraunberg M. Higher Preimplantation Opioid Doses Associated With Long-Term Spinal Cord Stimulation Failure in 211 Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. Neuromodulation 2020; 24:102-111. [PMID: 33073907 PMCID: PMC7894290 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). We studied the effect of preimplantation opioid use on SCS outcome and the effect of SCS on opioid use during a two‐year follow‐up period. Materials and methods The study cohort included 211 consecutive FBSS patients who underwent an SCS trial from January 1997 to March 2014. Participants were divided into groups, which were as follows: 1) SCS trial only (n = 47), 2) successful SCS (implanted and in use throughout the two‐year follow‐up period, n = 131), and 3) unsuccessful SCS (implanted but later explanted or revised due to inadequate pain relief, n = 29). Patients who underwent explantation for other reasons (n = 4) were excluded. Opioid purchase data from January 1995 to March 2016 were retrieved from national registries. Results Higher preimplantation opioid doses associated with unsuccessful SCS (ROC: AUC = 0.66, p = 0.009), with 35 morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/day as the optimal cutoff value. All opioids were discontinued in 23% of patients with successful SCS, but in none of the patients with unsuccessful SCS (p = 0.004). Strong opioids were discontinued in 39% of patients with successful SCS, but in none of the patients with unsuccessful SCS (p = 0.04). Mean opioid dose escalated from 18 ± 4 MME/day to 36 ± 6 MME/day with successful SCS and from 22 ± 8 MME/day to 82 ± 21 MME/day with unsuccessful SCS (p < 0.001). Conclusions Higher preimplantation opioid doses were associated with SCS failure, suggesting the need for opioid tapering before implantation. With continuous SCS therapy and no explantation or revision due to inadequate pain relief, 39% of FBSS patients discontinued strong opioids, and 23% discontinued all opioids. This indicates that SCS should be considered before detrimental dose escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Nissen
- Neurosurgery of KUH Neuro Center, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina-Mari Ikäheimo
- Neurosurgery of KUH Neuro Center, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Huttunen
- Neurosurgery of KUH Neuro Center, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Neurosurgery of KUH Neuro Center, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Neurosurgery of KUH Neuro Center, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael von Und Zu Fraunberg
- Neurosurgery of KUH Neuro Center, Kuopio, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Puustinen T, Tervonen J, Avellan C, Jyrkkänen HK, Paterno JJ, Hartikainen P, Vanhanen U, Leinonen V, Lehto SM, Elomaa AP, Huttunen TJ. Psychiatric disorders are a common prognostic marker for worse outcome in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 186:105527. [PMID: 31586855 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is aetiologically unknown disorder that associates with endocrinological disturbances, including dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis. Neuroendocrinological dysfunctions have also been characterized in psychiatric disorders, and therefore we investigated the presence of psychiatric disorders of patients with IIH in a well-defined cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 51 patients with IIH were included. Patient demographics, symptoms, imaging data, ophthalmological and clinical findings were collected. RESULTS At the time of diagnosis the mean age was 32.5years (SD 10.7), the body mass index was 37.1 kg/m2 (SD 7.4), and the opening pressure 29.1 mmHg (SD 6.2). A total of 88.2% of patients were female and 45.1% were diagnosed with a psychiatric co-morbidity prior to IIH diagnosis. The mean follow-up time was 4.4 years (SD 5.4). The overall treatment outcome was significantly poorer on a group of patients with psychiatric diagnosis when compared to individuals without such history (p = 0.001), but there were no differences in the resolution of papilledema (p = 0.405). Patients with IIH and psychiatric disorders had more often empty sella on their imaging at diagnosis when compared to patients without psychiatric co-morbidity (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent in patients with IIH and associate with worse subjective outcomes. These findings advocate for monitoring the mental health of patients with IIH and warrant further multidisciplinary research to understand the potentially underlying psychosocial and neuroendocrinological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Puustinen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joona Tervonen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cecilia Avellan
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi J Paterno
- Opthalmology KUH, Kuopio University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Hartikainen
- Neurology KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulla Vanhanen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Elomaa
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terhi J Huttunen
- Neurosurgery KUH NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, and Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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15
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Pölönen P, Jawahar Deen A, Leinonen HM, Jyrkkänen HK, Kuosmanen S, Mononen M, Jain A, Tuomainen T, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Hartikainen JM, Mannermaa A, Nykter M, Tavi P, Johansen T, Heinäniemi M, Levonen AL. Nrf2 and SQSTM1/p62 jointly contribute to mesenchymal transition and invasion in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:7473-7490. [PMID: 31444413 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that constitutively active Nrf2 has a pivotal role in cancer as it induces pro-survival genes that promote cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance. The mechanisms of Nrf2 dysregulation and functions in cancer have not been fully characterized. Here, we jointly analyzed the Broad-Novartis Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) multi-omics data in order to identify cancer types where Nrf2 activation is present. We found that Nrf2 is hyperactivated in a subset of glioblastoma (GBM) patients, whose tumors display a mesenchymal subtype, and uncover several different mechanisms contributing to increased Nrf2 activity. Importantly, we identified a positive feedback loop between SQSTM1/p62 and Nrf2 as a mechanism for activation of the Nrf2 pathway. We also show that autophagy and serine/threonine signaling regulates p62 mediated Keap1 degradation. Our results in glioma cell lines indicate that both Nrf2 and p62 promote proliferation, invasion and mesenchymal transition. Finally, Nrf2 activity was associated with decreased progression free survival in TCGA GBM patient samples, suggesting that treatments have limited efficacy if this transcription factor is overactivated. Overall, our findings place Nrf2 and p62 as the key components of the mesenchymal subtype network, with implications to tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. Thus, Nrf2 activation could be used as a surrogate prognostic marker in mesenchymal subtype GBMs. Furthermore, strategies aiming at either inhibiting Nrf2 or exploiting Nrf2 hyperactivity for targeted gene therapy may provide novel treatment options for this subset of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Pölönen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ashik Jawahar Deen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna M Leinonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Kuosmanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mimmi Mononen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ashish Jain
- Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1627, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomi Tuomainen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, P. O. Box 100, FIN-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terje Johansen
- Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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16
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Junkkari A, Luikku AJ, Danner N, Jyrkkänen HK, Rauramaa T, Korhonen VE, Koivisto AM, Nerg O, Kojoukhova M, Huttunen TJ, Jääskeläinen JE, Leinonen V. The Kuopio idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus protocol: initial outcome of 175 patients. Fluids Barriers CNS 2019; 16:21. [PMID: 31340831 PMCID: PMC6657079 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting protocol is described together with the initial outcomes of 175 patients with probable iNPH treated according to this protocol from a defined population. Our secondary aim was to display the variety of differential diagnoses referred to the KUH iNPH outpatient clinic from 2010 until 2017. METHODS Patients were divided into four groups according to the prognostic tests: tap test (positive or negative) and infusion test (positive or negative). The short-term outcome was compared between groups. The 3-month outcome following shunt surgery was assessed by measuring gait speed improvement, using a 12-point iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS) and the 15D instrument. RESULTS From 341 patients suspected of iNPH, 88 patients were excluded from further research mostly due to deviation from the protocol's gait assessment guidelines. Hence 253 patients with suspected iNPH were included in the study, 177/253 (70%) of whom were treated with a CSF shunt. A favorable clinical outcome following surgery was observed in 79-93% of patients depending on the prognostic group. A moderate association (Cramer's V = 0.32) was found between the gait speed improvement rate and the prognostic group (X2, p = 0.003). Patients with a positive tap test had the highest gait speed improvement rate (75%). In addition, an improvement in walking speed was observed in 4/11 patients who had both a negative tap test and a negative infusion test. Other outcome measures did not differ between the prognostic groups. Conditions other than iNPH were found in 25% of the patients referred to iNPH outpatient clinic, with the most prevalent being Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of a systematic diagnostic and prognostic workup especially in cases with an atypical presentation of iNPH. Additional diagnostic testing may be required, but should not delay adequate care. Active surgical treatment is recommended in patients with a high clinical probability of iNPH. Other neurological conditions contributed to most of the non iNPH diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Junkkari
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - A J Luikku
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - N Danner
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H K Jyrkkänen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, KUH and UEF, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V E Korhonen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A M Koivisto
- Neurology of NeuroCenter, KUH and UEF, Kuopio, Finland
| | - O Nerg
- Neurology of NeuroCenter, KUH and UEF, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Kojoukhova
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T J Huttunen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J E Jääskeläinen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Leinonen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF), POB 100, 70029, Kuopio, Finland.,Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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17
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Kuosmanen SM, Kansanen E, Kaikkonen MU, Sihvola V, Pulkkinen K, Jyrkkänen HK, Tuoresmäki P, Hartikainen J, Hippeläinen M, Kokki H, Tavi P, Heikkinen S, Levonen AL. NRF2 regulates endothelial glycolysis and proliferation with miR-93 and mediates the effects of oxidized phospholipids on endothelial activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:1124-1138. [PMID: 29161413 PMCID: PMC5815049 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids, such as 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAPC), are the major components of cell membranes. Their exposure to reactive oxygen species creates oxidized phospholipids, which predispose to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and metabolic disorders through endothelial activation and dysfunction. Although the effects of oxidized PAPC (oxPAPC) on endothelial cells have been previously studied, the underlying molecular mechanisms evoking biological responses remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of oxPAPC function with a special emphasis on NRF2-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) utilizing miRNA profiling, global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq), genome-wide NRF2 binding model, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with miRNA overexpression and silencing. We report that the central regulators of endothelial activity, KLF2 for quiescence, PFKFB3 for glycolysis, and VEGFA, FOXO1 and MYC for growth and proliferation, are regulated by transcription factor NRF2 and the NRF2-regulated miR-106b∼25 cluster member, miR-93, in HUVECs. Mechanistically, oxPAPC was found to induce glycolysis and proliferation NRF2-dependently, and oxPAPC-dependent induction of the miR-106b∼25 cluster was mediated by NRF2. Additionally, several regulatory loops were established between NRF2, miR-93 and the essential regulators of healthy endothelium, collectively implying that NRF2 controls the switch between the quiescent and the proliferative endothelial states together with miR-93.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi M Kuosmanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emilia Kansanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virve Sihvola
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Pulkkinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pauli Tuoresmäki
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Hannu Kokki
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Anaesthesia and Operative Services, 70211 Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Kansanen E, Jyrkkänen HK, Levonen AL. Activation of stress signaling pathways by electrophilic oxidized and nitrated lipids. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:973-82. [PMID: 22198184 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids are prone to radical reactions that occur in biological situations where extensive formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) takes place. These reactions are frequent in inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis, and yield a variety of biologically active species, many of which are electrophilic in nature. Electrophilic lipid oxidation and nitration products can influence redox cell signaling via S-alkylation of protein thiols, and moderate exposure to these species evokes protective cell signaling responses through this mechanism. Herein, we review the stress signaling pathways elicited by electrophiles derived from unsaturated fatty acids, focusing on the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, the heat shock response pathway (HSR), and the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kansanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Jauhiainen S, Häkkinen SK, Toivanen PI, Heinonen SE, Jyrkkänen HK, Kansanen E, Leinonen H, Levonen AL, Ylä-Herttuala S. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-D Stimulates VEGF-A, Stanniocalcin-1, and Neuropilin-2 and Has Potent Angiogenic Effects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1617-24. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.225961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
The mature form of human vascular endothelial growth factor-D (hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
) is an efficient angiogenic factor, but its full mechanism of action has remained unclear. We studied the effects of hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
in endothelial cells using gene array, signaling, cell culture, and in vivo gene transfer techniques.
Methods and Results—
Concomitant with the angiogenic and proliferative responses, hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
enhanced the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2, Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Gene arrays, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot revealed increases in VEGF-A, stanniocalcin-1 (STC1), and neuropilin (NRP) 2 expression by hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
stimulation, whereas induction with hVEGF-A
165
altered the expression of STC1 and NRP1, another coreceptor for VEGFs. The effects of hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
were seen only under high-serum conditions, whereas for hVEGF-A
165
, the strongest response was observed under low-serum conditions. The hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
-induced upregulation of STC1 and NRP2 was also evident in vivo in mouse skeletal muscle treated with hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
by adenoviral gene delivery. The importance of NRP2 in hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
signaling was further studied with NRP2 small interfering RNA and NRP antagonist, which were able to block hVEGF-D
ΔNΔC
-induced survival of endothelial cells.
Conclusion—
In this study, the importance of serum and upregulation of NRP2 and STC1 for VEGF-D
ΔNΔC
effects were demonstrated. Better knowledge of VEGF-D
ΔNΔC
signaling and regulation is valuable for the development of efficient and safe VEGF-D
ΔNΔC
-based therapeutic applications for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Jauhiainen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Häkkinen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Pyry I. Toivanen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Suvi E. Heinonen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Emilia Kansanen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Hanna Leinonen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., S.-K.H., P.I.T., S.E.H., H.-K.J., E.K., H.L., A.-L.L., S.Y.-H.) and Department of Medicine (S.Y.-H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
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20
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Kansanen E, Jyrkkänen HK, Volger OL, Leinonen H, Kivelä AM, Häkkinen SK, Woodcock SR, Schopfer FJ, Horrevoets AJ, Ylä-Herttuala S, Freeman BA, Levonen AL. Nrf2-dependent and -independent responses to nitro-fatty acids in human endothelial cells: identification of heat shock response as the major pathway activated by nitro-oleic acid. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:33233-41. [PMID: 19808663 PMCID: PMC2785166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic fatty acid derivatives, including nitrolinoleic acid and nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO(2)), can mediate anti-inflammatory and pro-survival signaling reactions. The transcription factor Nrf2, activated by electrophilic fatty acids, suppresses redox-sensitive pro-inflammatory gene expression and protects against vascular endothelial oxidative injury. It was therefore postulated that activation of Nrf2 by OA-NO(2) accounts in part for its anti-inflammatory actions, motivating the characterization of Nrf2-dependent and -independent effects of OA-NO(2) on gene expression using genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Control and Nrf2-small interfering RNA-transfected human endothelial cells were treated with vehicle, oleic acid, or OA-NO(2), and differential gene expression profiles were determined. Although OA-NO(2) significantly induced the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes, including heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, the majority of OA-NO(2)-regulated genes were regulated by Nrf2-independent pathways. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the heat shock response is the major pathway activated by OA-NO(2), with robust induction of a number of heat shock genes regulated by the heat shock transcription factor. Inasmuch as the heat shock response mediates anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions, this mechanism is proposed to contribute to the protective cell signaling functions of nitro-fatty acids and other electrophilic fatty acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kansanen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oscar L. Volger
- the Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Hanna Leinonen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annukka M. Kivelä
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Häkkinen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Steven R. Woodcock
- the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Anton J. Horrevoets
- the Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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21
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Kanninen K, Malm TM, Jyrkkänen HK, Goldsteins G, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Tanila H, Yamamoto M, Ylä-Herttuala S, Levonen AL, Koistinaho J. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protects against beta amyloid. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 39:302-13. [PMID: 18706502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) coordinates the up-regulation of cytoprotective genes via the antioxidant response element (ARE). In the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) current evidence supports the role of oxidative stress. Considering the protective role of Nrf2 against oxidative injury, we studied Nrf2 and Nrf2-ARE target genes in transgenic AD mice and tested whether Nrf2 could confer neuroprotection against amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta). Nrf2-ARE pathway was attenuated in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse brain at the time of Abeta deposition. Boosting the activity of the Nrf2-ARE pathway by tert-butylhydroquinone treatment or adenoviral Nrf2 gene transfer protected against Abeta toxicity. This neuroprotection was associated with increased expression of Nrf2 target genes and reduced phosphorylation of p66Shc, a marker of increased susceptibility for oxidative stress. The findings suggest that the Nrf2-ARE pathway may be impaired in AD and that induction of the Nrf2-ARE defence mechanism may prevent or delay AD-like pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kanninen
- Department of Neurobiology, AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland
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22
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Kivelä AM, Kansanen E, Jyrkkänen HK, Nurmi T, Ylä-Herttuala S, Levonen AL. Enterolactone induces heme oxygenase-1 expression through nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 activation in endothelial cells. J Nutr 2008; 138:1263-8. [PMID: 18567745 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.7.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterolactone is a lignan formed by enterobacteria from precursors in plant foods. Due to its phenolic structure, it can act as an antioxidant, e.g. via direct scavenging of hydroxyl radical. Moreover, many, but not all, phenolic compounds can have indirect antioxidative effects through induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which has antiinflammatory functions via production of antioxidants bilirubin and biliverdin as well as carbon monoxide, thereby contributing to cardiovascular health. Our aim was therefore to assess whether enterolactone has indirect antioxidative effects via induction of HO-1 in endothelial cells. The effect of enterolactone on HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The role of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HO-1 induction by enterolactone was studied using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) methods. Our results showed that enterolactone induced HO-1 in HUVEC in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The induction appeared to be mediated via the transcription factor Nrf2, as Nrf2 siRNA abolished the HO-1 induction by enterolactone. We also showed using ChIP that exposure to enterolactone increased the binding of Nrf2 to the promoter region of HO-1. In conclusion, enterolactone increases the expression of HO-1 via Nrf2, which may contribute to its vasculoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annukka M Kivelä
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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23
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Jyrkkänen HK, Kansanen E, Inkala M, Kivelä AM, Hurttila H, Heinonen SE, Goldsteins G, Jauhiainen S, Tiainen S, Makkonen H, Oskolkova O, Afonyushkin T, Koistinaho J, Yamamoto M, Bochkov VN, Ylä-Herttuala S, Levonen AL. Nrf2 regulates antioxidant gene expression evoked by oxidized phospholipids in endothelial cells and murine arteries in vivo. Circ Res 2008; 103:e1-9. [PMID: 18535259 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.176883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Besides their well-characterized proinflammatory and proatherogenic effects, oxidized phospholipids, such as oxPAPC (oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine) have been shown to have beneficial responses in vascular cells via induction of antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1. We therefore hypothesized that oxPAPC could evoke a general cytoprotective response via activation of antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2. Here, we show that oxPAPC increases nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Using the small interfering RNA approach, we demonstrate that Nrf2 is critical in mediating the induction of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) by oxPAPC in human endothelial cells, whereas the contribution to the induction of heme oxygenase-1 was less significant. The induction of GCLM and NQO1 was attenuated by reduction of electrophilic groups with sodium borohydrate, as well as treatment with thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that the thiol reactivity of oxPAPC is largely mediating its effect on Nrf2-responsive genes. Moreover, we show that oxidized phospholipid having a highly electrophilic isoprostane ring in its sn-2 position is a potent inducer of Nrf2 target genes. Finally, we demonstrate that the oxPAPC-inducible expression of heme oxygenase-1, GCLM, and NQO1 is lower in Nrf2-null than wild-type mouse carotid arteries in vivo. We suggest that the activation of Nrf2 by oxidized phospholipids provides a mechanism by which their deleterious effects are limited in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Levonen AL, Inkala M, Heikura T, Jauhiainen S, Jyrkkänen HK, Kansanen E, Määttä K, Romppanen E, Turunen P, Rutanen J, Ylä-Herttuala S. Nrf2 Gene Transfer Induces Antioxidant Enzymes and Suppresses Smooth Muscle Cell Growth In Vitro and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Rabbit Aorta In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:741-7. [PMID: 17255530 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000258868.80079.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in vascular inflammation and pathophysiology of many vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and injury-induced neointima formation after balloon angioplasty. Nuclear factor E2–related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor orchestrating antioxidant and cytoprotective responses on oxidative and electrophilic stress, and it has been shown to have antiinflammatory effects in vascular cells in vitro. We therefore postulated that Nrf2 gene transfer would have salutary effects on vascular inflammation after angioplasty.
Methods and Results—
Transduction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with Nrf2-expressing adenovirus increased the expression of several antioxidant enzymes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) compared with β-galactosidase (AdLacZ)-transduced controls. Moreover, Nrf2 gene transfer also inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and the effect was partially reversed by the HO inhibitor Sn(IV) protoporphyrin. In vivo, adenoviral gene transfer effectively reduced oxidative stress determined by antibody staining against oxidized epitopes of LDL, as well as inhibited vascular inflammation assessed by the macrophage cell count and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) staining. However, the antiproliferative effects of Nrf2 in vivo were counterbalanced with diminished apoptosis in neointimal VSMCs, resulting in no change in neointimal hyperplasia.
Conclusions—
Nrf2 gene transfer or Nrf2-inducing drugs may have therapeutic applications in vascular diseases in which inflammation and oxidative stress play a role. However, the contrasting growth inhibitory and antiapoptotic effects of Nrf2 need to be considered in pathological conditions in which SMC proliferation plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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