1
|
Kumari A, Dokwal S, Mittal P, Kumar R, Goel R, Bansal P, Kumar HD, Bhutani J. An Increase Incidence in Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis: Changing Patterns. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:BC01-3. [PMID: 27630833 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19714.8139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nephrolithiasis is a complex disease affecting all age groups globally. As the causative factors for nephrolithiasis rises significantly, its incidence, prevalence and recurrence continues to baffle clinicians and patients. AIM To study the prevalence of different types of renal stones extracted by Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and open surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Renal stones from 50 patients were retrieved by Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Ureterorenoscopy (URS) and open surgical techniques for qualitative tests for detection of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate, ammonium ion, carbonate, cystine and xanthine. RESULTS Three patients had stone removed by open surgery and rest had undergone PCNL. Nine of the stones were pure of calcium oxalate, 9 were of pure uric acid and 32 were mixed stones. Forty one stones had calcium. Among the mixed stones, oxalate was present in 25 samples (39 of total), uric acid was seen in 17 (25 of total stones), phosphate was present in 23 (23 of total) and carbonate was present in 4 stones (4 of total). Only 1 patient had triple phosphate stone. 12 were of staghorn appearance of which 6 were of struvite type, 6 were pure uric acid and remaining were mixed oxalate-phosphate stones. CONCLUSION Our study, though in a small number of hospital based patients, found much higher prevalence of uric acid stones and mixed stones than reported by previous hospital based studies in north India (oxalate stones~90%, uric acid~1% and mixed stones~3%). Biochemical analysis of renal stones is warranted in all cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kumari
- Demonstrator, Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sumit Dokwal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | | | - Rajender Kumar
- Junior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Richa Goel
- Junior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Piyush Bansal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, BPS GMC Khanpur, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | | | - Jaikrit Bhutani
- House Surgeon, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, PGIMS , Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rathore DS, Kumar A, Kumar HD. Lipid content and fatty acid composition in N2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum as affected by molybdenum deficiency. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 9:508-10. [PMID: 24420190 DOI: 10.1007/bf00386284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/26/1993] [Accepted: 03/06/1993] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anabaena doliolum grown under molybdenum deficiency produced less biomass (on a dry wt basis) and the cells had lower protein content but higher carbohydrate content than Mo-grown material. Molybdenum deficiency led to a slight decrease in chlorophyll a, a 1.5-fold increase in carotenoids and a 1.4-fold increase in total lipid but there was no difference in the lipid profiles of Mo-enriched and Mo-deficient cells. Molybdenum deficiency caused increases in the cell contents of digalactosyl diacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and decreases in monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and sulphoquinovosyl diacylglycerol lipids. The concentration of unsaturated C18 fatty acids was lower in the Mo-deficient cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Rathore
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany & Biotechnology Programme, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andrady A, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF, Ballaré CL, Björn LO, Bornman JF, Caldwell M, Cullen AP, Erickson DJ, deGruijl FR, Häder DP, Ilyas M, Kulandaivelu G, Kumar HD, Longstreth J, McKenzie RL, Norval M, Paul N, Redhwi HH, Smith RC, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Takizawa Y, Tang X, Teramura AH, Torikai A, van der Leun JC, Wilson SR, Worrest RC, Zepp RG. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2009. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:275-94. [PMID: 20301813 DOI: 10.1039/b923342n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with UV radiation and its effects on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality and materials. Since 2000, the analyses and interpretation of these effects have included interactions between UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than believed previously. As a result of this, human health and environmental problems will likely be longer-lasting and more regionally variable. Like the other panels, the EEAP produces a detailed report every four years; the most recent was that for 2006 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2007, 6, 201-332). In the years in between, the EEAP produces a less detailed and shorter progress report, as is the case for this present one for 2009. A full quadrennial report will follow for 2010.
Collapse
|
4
|
Andrady A, Aucamp PJ, Bais A, Ballaré CL, Björn LO, Bornman JF, Caldwell M, Cullen AP, Erickson DJ, de Gruijl FR, Häder DP, Ilyas M, Kulandaivelu G, Kumar HD, Longstreth J, McKenzie RL, Norval M, Paul N, Redhwi HH, Smith RC, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Takizawa Y, Tang X, Teramura AH, Torikai A, van der Leun JC, Wilson SR, Worrest RC, Zepp RG. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2008. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:13-22. [PMID: 19256109 DOI: 10.1039/b820432m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After the enthusiastic celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 2007, the work for the protection of the ozone layer continues. The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel is one of the three expert panels within the Montreal Protocol. This EEAP deals with the increase of the UV irradiance on the Earth's surface and its effects on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality and materials. For the past few years, interactions of ozone depletion with climate change have also been considered. It has become clear that the environmental problems will be long-lasting. In spite of the fact that the worldwide production of ozone depleting chemicals has already been reduced by 95%, the environmental disturbances are expected to persist for about the next half a century, even if the protective work is actively continued, and completed. The latest full report was published in Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2007, 6, 201-332, and the last progress report in Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2008, 7, 15-27. The next full report on environmental effects is scheduled for the year 2010. The present progress report 2008 is one of the short interim reports, appearing annually.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Recent results continue to show the general consensus that ozone-related increases in UV-B radiation can negatively influence many aquatic species and aquatic ecosystems (e.g., lakes, rivers, marshes, oceans). Solar UV radiation penetrates to ecological significant depths in aquatic systems and can affect both marine and freshwater systems from major biomass producers (phytoplankton) to consumers (e.g., zooplankton, fish, etc.) higher in the food web. Many factors influence the depth of penetration of radiation into natural waters including dissolved organic compounds whose concentration and chemical composition are likely to be influenced by future climate and UV radiation variability. There is also considerable evidence that aquatic species utilize many mechanisms for photoprotection against excessive radiation. Often, these protective mechanisms pose conflicting selection pressures on species making UV radiation an additional stressor on the organism. It is at the ecosystem level where assessments of anthropogenic climate change and UV-related effects are interrelated and where much recent research has been directed. Several studies suggest that the influence of UV-B at the ecosystem level may be more pronounced on community and trophic level structure, and hence on subsequent biogeochemical cycles, than on biomass levels per se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D-P Häder
- Institut für Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andrady AL, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF, Ballaré CL, Bjorn LO, Bornman JF, Caldwell MM, Cullen AP, de Gruijl FR, Erickson DJ, Flint SD, Häder DP, Hamid HS, Ilyas M, Kulandaivelu G, Kumar HD, McKenzie RL, Longstreth J, Lucas RM, Noonan FP, Norval M, Paul ND, Smith RC, Soloman KR, Sulzberger B, Takizawa Y, Tang X, Torikai A, van der Leun JC, Wilson SR, Worrest RC, Zepp RG. Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 2006 assessment: interactions of ozone depletion and climate change : Executive summary. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:212-7. [PMID: 17344958 DOI: 10.1039/b700050m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Andrady A, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF, Ballaré CL, Björn LO, Bornman JF, Caldwell M, Callaghan T, Cullen AP, Erickson DJ, de Gruijl FR, Häder DP, Ilyas M, Kulandaivelu G, Kumar HD, Longstreth J, McKenzie RL, Norval M, Redhwi HH, Smith RC, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Takizawa Y, Tang X, Teramura AH, Torikai A, van der Leun JC, Wilson SR, Worrest RC, Zepp RG. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2004. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 4:177-84. [PMID: 15779130 DOI: 10.1039/b418650h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the linkages between ozone depletion, UV-B radiation and climate change has become more apparent.
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- H D Kumar
- Biotechnology Program, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tyagi R, Kumar A, Tyagi MB, Jha PN, Kumar HD, Sinha RP, Häder DP. Protective role of certain chemicals against UV-B-induced damage in the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Nostoc muscorum. J Basic Microbiol 2003; 43:137-47. [PMID: 12746856 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200390014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of L-cysteine, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, L-tryptophan, and sodium pyruvate against UV-B-induced damages were studied in the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Nostoc muscorum. When added to the culture suspension during UV-B treatment, these chemicals caused a significant protective effect on survival and growth of the organism. Sodium pyruvate conferred the strongest protection whereas the weakest effect was elicited by tryptophan. A 20 min exposure of a culture suspension to UV-B completely inactivated nitrogenase activity but the inactivation was strongly prevented by exogenous addition of ascorbic acid or reduced glutathione during UV-B exposure, and weakly prevented by pyruvate, cysteine and tryptophan. In vivo nitrate reductase activity was not completely lost even after 80 min of UV-B exposure, and addition of the test chemicals did not confer any significant protection to this enzyme. Whereas (14)CO(2) uptake was drastically inhibited (78% inhibition) by 30 min exposure to UV-B in the absence of any test chemical, about 76% activity remained when the UV-B exposure was given to cultures in the presence of ascorbic acid. These results suggest that the damaging effects of UV-B are substantially minimized by certain reducing agents, the protective effect being particularly strong on the O(2) sensitive enzyme, nitrogenase. Presence of these chemicals in their natural habitat or inside the cells of living organisms may partially protect/repair the damaging effects of UV-B radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tyagi
- Division of Microbiology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Häder DP, Kumar HD, Smith RC, Worrest RC. Aquatic ecosystems: effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and interactions with other climatic change factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2003; 2:39-50. [PMID: 12659538 DOI: 10.1039/b211160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are a key component of the Earth's biosphere. A large number of studies document substantial impact of solar UV radiation on individual species, yet considerable uncertainty remains with respect to assessing impacts on ecosystems. Several studies indicate that the impact of increased UV radiation appears relatively low when considering overall ecosystem response, while, in contrast, effects on individual species show considerable responses. Ecosystem response to climate variability incorporates both synergistic and antagonistic processes with respect to UV-related effects, significantly complicating understanding and prediction at the ecosystem level. The impact of climate variability on UV-related effects often becomes manifest via indirect effects such as reduction in sea ice, changes in water column bio-optical characteristics, changes in cloud cover and shifts in oceanographic biogeochemical provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donat-Peter Häder
- Institut für Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thakur A, Kumar HD, Cowsik SM. Effect of pH and inorganic carbon concentration on growth, glycerol production, photosynthesis and dark respiration of Dunaliella salina. Cytobios 2001; 102:69-74. [PMID: 10885503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The growth of Dunaliella salina was studied with respect to pH and varying concentrations of NaHCO3 in the medium. The growth rate, photosynthesis and dark respiration were maximal at pH 8 and 4 mM NaHCO3 in the medium. Photosystem I of the Hill reaction was affected more by inorganic carbon concentration than photosystem II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Thakur
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- A Thakur
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parker DL, Rai LC, Mallick N, Rai PK, Kumar HD. Effects of Cellular Metabolism and Viability on Metal Ion Accumulation by Cultured Biomass from a Bloom of the Cyanobacterium
Microcystis aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:1545-7. [PMID: 16349552 PMCID: PMC106185 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.4.1545-1547.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The sorption of nickel, cadmium, and copper by cultured biomass from a naturally occurring bloom of
Microcystis aeruginosa
was demonstrated in two systems: cells suspended in culture medium and cells immobilized in alginate. Incubation in the absence of light, in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, and at 4°C did not substantially decrease the copper accumulation by cells in culture medium. Heat-killed, formaldehyde-treated, and air-dried biomass samples sorbed nearly as much (or in some cases slightly more) copper as did viable samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Parker
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54901, and Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parker DL, Kumar HD, Rai LC, Singh JB. Potassium Salts Inhibit Growth of the Cyanobacteria Microcystis spp. in Pond Water and Defined Media: Implications for Control of Microcystin-Producing Aquatic Blooms. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:2324-9. [PMID: 16535629 PMCID: PMC1389184 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.6.2324-2329.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten metals were assayed in 21 Indian ponds which comprised three groups: (i) eutrophic alkaline ponds containing <2.5 mM potassium and thick growths of Microcystis aeruginosa or Microcystis flos-aquae during most of the year, (ii) equally eutrophic alkaline ponds containing >2.8 mM potassium and no detectable Microcystis growth, and (iii) oligo- or mesotrophic ponds with various potassium and hydrogen ion concentrations and no persistent Microcystis blooms. The effects of potassium on Microcystis growth were examined in filter-sterilized pond water and in defined culture media. A 50% reduction in the 10-day yield of cultured M. aeruginosa was observed in DP medium and pond water supplemented with 1 and 3 mM KCl, respectively. In contrast, the addition of 2 to 30 mM NaCl did not suppress the growth of M. aeruginosa in either DP medium or pond water. Both 5 mM KCl and 20 mM KHCO(inf3) in J medium strongly inhibited the growth of M. flos-aquae C3-9, whereas 5 to 30 mM NaCl had no effect and 20 mM NaHCO(inf3) was stimulatory. For pond water cultured with a mixture of M. aeruginosa and the duckweed Wolffia arrhiza, M. aeruginosa dominated in unsupplemented water and W. arrhiza dominated in water supplemented with 4.8 mM KCl. Implications for the ecology and control of Microcystis blooms are discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sinha RP, Lebert M, Kumar A, Kumar HD, Häder DP. Disintegration of phycobilisomes in a rice field cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. following UV irradiation. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1995; 37:697-706. [PMID: 8589643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-315 nm) irradiation on survival, growth and phycobilisome assembly have been studied in the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Survival and growth were virtually arrested after 120 min of UV irradiation. The phycobiliprotein fractions showed a decrease in absorption and fluorescence as well as a shift towards shorter wavelengths indicating the impairment of energy transfer from phycobiliproteins to the photosynthetic reaction centers. This was further supported by SDS-PAGE analysis of the fractions which revealed a loss in high molecular mass rod-core and core-membrane linker polypeptides. Also the low molecular mass phycobilin (alpha beta) monomers decreased, showing that the supra-molecular organization of the phycobilisomes disintegrated during UV irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Sinha
- Institut für Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen, Fed. Rep. Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Cobalt- and iodide-enriched (adapted, tolerant) strains of the protein-rich cyanobacterium, Spirulina platensis, were produced by repeated sub-culturing in increasing concentrations of the two trace elements. The strains enriched with cobalt and iodide showed higher uptake of these elements than the controls. The LD50 values for the parent and cobalt-adapted strains were 95 and 231 mumol l-1 CO2+, respectively. Likewise, the LD50 values for parent and iodide-adapted strains were 12 and 42 mmol l-1 I-. The carotenoid:chlorophyll a ratio of the parent strains increased after cobalt addition. The cobalt-adapted strain showed a much higher ratio than the cobalt-grown parent (sensitive) cells which remained unchanged after cobalt addition. Intracellular CO2+ uptake by the cells was concentration-dependent and followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with saturation in uptake occurring in the parent and adapted strains at 126 and 189 mumol l-1 Co2+, respectively. At saturating concentrations, the maximum CO2+ uptake was 39.73 and 158.43 nmol CO2+ mg-1 protein, respectively for the parent and adapted strains. The adapted strain also showed greater cobalt adsorption. The Km of intracellular CO2+ uptake was lower in the case of adapted cells as compared with the parent, whereas Vmax showed an opposite trend. Thus, the adapted cells appear to be more efficient than the parent strain in intracellular uptake of cobalt. Differences between kinetic constants of both the strains suggest that the strains may be physiologically different. Likewise, iodide uptake was significantly higher in iodide-adapted cells than in controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Singh
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tyagi R, Srinivas G, Vyas D, Kumar A, Kumar HD. Differential effect of ultraviolet-B radiation on certain metabolic processes in a chromatically adapting Nostoc. Photochem Photobiol 1992; 55:401-7. [PMID: 1561238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The impact of UV-B radiation on growth, pigmentation and certain physiological processes has been studied in a N2-fixing chromatically adapting cyanobacterium, Nostoc spongiaeforme. A brownish form (phycoerythrin rich) was found to be more tolerant to UV-B than the blue-green (phycocyanin rich) form of N. spongiaeforme. Continuous exposure to UV-B (5.5 W m-2) for 90 min caused complete killing of the blue-green strain whereas the brown strain showed complete loss of survival after 180 min. Pigment content was more strongly inhibited in the blue-green strain than in the brown. Nitrogenase activity was completely abolished in both strains within 35 min of UV-B treatment. Restoration of nitrogenase occurred upon transfer to fluorescent or incandescent light after a lag of 5-6 h, suggesting fresh synthesis of nitrogenase. Unlike the above processes, in vivo nitrate reductase activity was stimulated by UV-B treatment, the degree of enhancement being significantly higher in the blue-green strain. Like the effect of UV-B on nitrogenase, 14CO2 uptake was also completely abolished by UV-B treatment in both strains. Our findings suggest that UV-B may produce a deleterious effect on several metabolic activities of cyanobacteria, especially in cells lacking phycoerythrin. Strains containing phycoerythrin appear to be more tolerant to UV-B, probably because of their inherent property of adapting to a variety of light qualities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tyagi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany and Biotechnology Programme, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Ethidium bromide, proflavine, and mitomycin C were strongly lethal but weakly mutagenic to the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. With a view to studying the mode of action of these weak mutagens, their binding to Nostoc DNA was studied. The spectral changes resulting from the binding of these mutagens to the DNA in vitro indicated that probably only electrostatic forces may be involved in the mutagen-DNA binding. A similar low level of DNA binding in vivo would explain the weakly mutagenic action of the dyes observed. Since the dyes do not effectively intercalate into DNA, they may not be effective in inducing frameshift mutations but still can interfere with replication and/or transcription of the DNA.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rai LC, Gaur JP, Kumar HD. Protective effects of certain environmental factors on the toxicity of zinc, mercury, and methylmercury to Chlorella vulgaris. Environ Res 1981; 25:250-259. [PMID: 7274190 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9351(81)90026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
20
|
Kumar A, Kumar HD. Response of a wild type and a non-nitrogen-fixing mutant of Anabaena doliolum towards different amino acids. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1981; 21:353-9. [PMID: 6792797 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of various amino acids on growth and heterocyst differentiation have been studied on wild type and a heterocystous, non-nitrogen-fixing (het+ nif-) mutant of Anabaena doliolum. Glutamine, arginine and asparagine showed maximum stimulation of growth. Serine, proline and alanine elicited slight stimulation of growth of wild type but failed to show any stimulatory effect on mutant strain. Valine, glutamic acid, iso-leucine and leucine at a concentration of as low as 0.1 mM were inhibitory to growth of parent type. Methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, cysteine, and tryptophan did not affect growth at concentrations lower than 0.5 mM. But at 1 mM, these amino acids were inhibitory. In addition to the stimulatory effects of glutamine, arginine and asparagine, the heterocyst frequency was also repressed by these amino acids. Glutamine and arginine at 2 mM completely repressed heterocyst differentiation in the mutant strain; however, other amino acids failed to repress the differentiation of heterocysts. Our results suggest that glutamine and arginine are utilized as nitrogen sources. This is strongly supported from the data of growth and heterocyst differentiation of mutant strain, where at least with glutamine there is good growth without heterocyst formation. Studies with glutamine and arginine on other N2-fixing blue-green algae may reveal the regulation of the heterocyst-nitrogenase sub-system.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The effect of tungsten on growth and activity of two molybdoenzymes has been studied in a nitrogen-fixing heterocystous cyanobacterium, Anabaena. Sodium tungstate inhibited growth and inactivated nitrogenase and nitrate reductase. The activity of both enzymes was restored by the addition of molybdenum. Tungstate treatment caused increase in heterocyst frequency both in NO3- medium and in medium free of combined nitrogen. These results suggest that tungstate treatment inactivates the molybdoenzymes in this cyanobacterium.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ladha JK, Kumar HD. Some characteristics of two morphological mutants of Nostoc linckia induced by nitrosoguanidine. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1977; 17:513-9. [PMID: 414465 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630170704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blue-green alga Nostoc linckia was treated with nitrosoguanidine and two classes of morphological mutant clones were isolated. One class shows certain abnormal phenotypic features of vegetative cells, spores, and heterocysts. It has increased heterocyst frequency and impaired growth rate. The other class exhibits an altered heterocyst spacing pattern. Both classes of mutants have reduced nitrogenase activity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharma VK, Kumar HD. Influence of pH and concentration of phosphate ions on growth and nitrogen fixation in a blue-green alga Cylindrospermum majus. Experientia 1975; 31:182-3. [PMID: 234392 DOI: 10.1007/bf01990692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Sharma VK, Kumar HD. Effects of azide, thioglycollic acid, and nitrosoguanidine on growth and nitrogen fixation in different clones of the blue-green alga Cylindrospermum majus. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1973; 13:517-22. [PMID: 4201210 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630130609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Singh HN, Kumar HD. Physiology of heterocyst production in the blue-gree alga Anabaena doliolum. I. Nitrate and light controls. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1971; 11:615-22. [PMID: 5005055 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630110707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
28
|
Srivastava BS, Kumar HD. Pigment variations in ultraviolet-treated strains of the blue-green alga Anabaena doliolum. Arch Mikrobiol 1971; 77:247-51. [PMID: 4996686 DOI: 10.1007/bf00408117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
29
|
Srivastava BS, Kumar HD, Singh HN. The effect of caffeine and light on killing of the blue-green alga Anabaena doliolum by ultraviolet radiation. Arch Mikrobiol 1971; 78:139-44. [PMID: 4998568 DOI: 10.1007/bf00424870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
30
|
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
|
34
|
|