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Levine J, Swanson H. The Use of Lisdexamfetamine to Treat ADHD in a Patient with Stimulant (Methamphetamine) Use Disorder. Case Rep Psychiatry 2023; 2023:5574677. [PMID: 37609571 PMCID: PMC10442178 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5574677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with stimulants among patients with stimulant use disorder carries concern for efficacy and exacerbation of addictive behaviors. Lisdexamfetamine is a unique stimulant used to treat ADHD with a lower abuse potential compared to other stimulants, as the medication is the only prodrug in its class. To our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature of the use of lisdexamfetamine to treat ADHD in patients with stimulant use disorder. Methods We present a 33-year-old male with a history of stimulant (methamphetamine) use disorder, who was found to have long-standing ADHD. The patient was treated with lisdexamfetamine 30 mg, which was increased and sustained at 40 mg. Results The patient reported significant improvement in focus, concentration, calmness, organization of thoughts, and less of a tendency to procrastinate. Additionally, he denied exacerbation of anxiety or sleep disturbances. He reported his cravings for stimulants were significantly decreased. After 2 months of treatment, he had moved out from his sober living facility, started a new job, and gained a promotion. He had no use of illicit substances, which was proven by routine urine drug screens. Conclusion Our patient's ADHD was successfully treated with lisdexamfetamine. Not only did the patient's ADHD symptoms improve, but his cravings for stimulants were relieved. ADHD is common among patients with stimulant use disorder. Patients with ADHD and stimulant use disorder should not necessarily forgo pharmacologic treatment with stimulants for concerns of abuse. Due to its unique pharmacokinetic profile, lisdexamfetamine is a feasible treatment for patients with ADHD and a history of stimulant use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Levine
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - H. Swanson
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Swanson H, Tabori N, Sabri S, Horton K, Khan A, Sivananthan G. 3:00 PM Abstract No. 182 Effect of intra-arterial nitroglycerin and verapamil administration during radial artery access on systemic blood pressure and its correlation with timing of moderate sedation administration. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Duggar M, Swanson H, Hill‐Odom M. Determining the Effects of E‐Cigarette Vapor on Oral Epithelial Cells in a Cultured Cell Model. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.692.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Swanson H, Hadley R, Piascik M. Impact of lecturetools on student engagement and learning (1058.4). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1058.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Swanson
- Molecular and Biomedical PharmacologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUnited States
| | - Robert Hadley
- Molecular and Biomedical PharmacologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUnited States
| | - Michael Piascik
- Molecular and Biomedical PharmacologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUnited States
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Arsenescu R, Arsenescu V, Zhong J, Nasser M, Melinte R, Dingle RWC, Swanson H, de Villiers WJ. Role of the xenobiotic receptor in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1149-62. [PMID: 20878756 PMCID: PMC3013235 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interplay modulates inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Dioxin-like compounds can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and alter macrophage function as well as T-cell polarization. We hypothesized that attenuation of the AhR signaling pathway will ameliorate colitis in a murine model of IBD. METHODS Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis was induced in C57BL/6 AhR null mice (AhR(-/-) ), heterozygous mice (AhR(-/+) ), and their wildtype (WT) littermates. Clinical and morphopathological parameters were used to compare the groups. PATIENTS AhR pathway activation was analyzed in biopsy specimens from 25 IBD patients and 15 healthy controls. RESULTS AhR(-/-) mice died before the end of the treatment. However, AhR(-/+) mice exhibited decreased disease activity compared to WT mice. The AhR(-/+) mice expressed less proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (6.1- versus 15.7-fold increase) and IL17 (23.7- versus 67.9-fold increase) and increased antiinflammatory IL-10 (2.3-fold increase) compared with the AhR(+/+) mice in the colon. Colonic macrophage infiltration was attenuated in the AhR(-/+) group. AhR and its downstream targets were significantly upregulated in IBD patients versus control (CYP1A1 -19.9, and IL8- 10-fold increase). CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of the AhR receptor expression resulted in a protective effect during DSS-induced colitis, while the absence of AhR exacerbated the disease. Abnormal AhR pathway activation in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients may promote chronic inflammation. Modulation of AhR signaling pathway via the diet, cessation of smoking, or administration of AhR antagonists could be viable strategies for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Arsenescu
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Violeta Arsenescu
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Jian Zhong
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Munira Nasser
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Razvan Melinte
- Department of Surgery – University Hospital Tg. Mures – Romania
| | - RW Cameron Dingle
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Hollie Swanson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Willem J. de Villiers
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Abstract
Conventional genetic approaches have provided a powerful tool in the study of proteins. However, these techniques often preclude selective manipulation of temporal and spatial protein functions, which is crucial for the investigation of dynamic cellular processes. To overcome these limitations, a small molecule-based novel technology termed "PROteolysis TArgeting ChimeraS (PROTACs)" has been developed, targeting proteins for degradation at the post-translational level. Despite the promising potential of PROTACs to serve as molecular probes of complex signaling pathways, their design has not been generalized for broad application. Here, we present the first generalized approach for PROTAC design by fine-tuning the distance between the two participating partner proteins, the E3 ubiquitin ligase and the target protein. As such, we took a chemical approach to create estrogen receptor (ER)-α targeting PROTACs with varying linker lengths and the loss of the ER in cultured cells was monitored via western blot and fluorometric analyses. We found a significant effect of chain length on PROTAC efficacy, and, in this case, the optimum distance between the E3 recognition motif and the ligand was a 16 atom chain length. The information gathered from this experiment may offer a generalizable PROTAC design strategy to further the expansion of the PROTAC toolbox, opening new possibilities for the broad application of the PROTAC strategy in the study of multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedra Cyrus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 40536-0596. Fax: 859 257 7564; Tel: 859 257 5301
| | - Marie Wehenkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 40536-0596. Fax: 859 257 7564; Tel: 859 257 5301
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 40536-0298
| | - Hyeong-Jun Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 40536-0596. Fax: 859 257 7564; Tel: 859 257 5301
| | - Hyosung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 40536-0596. Fax: 859 257 7564; Tel: 859 257 5301
| | - Hollie Swanson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 40536-0298
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 40536-0596. Fax: 859 257 7564; Tel: 859 257 5301
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedra Cyrus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Marie Wehenkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology University of Kentucky 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hollie Swanson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology University of Kentucky 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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Cyrus K, Wehenkel M, Choi EY, Lee H, Swanson H, Kim KB. Jostling for position: optimizing linker location in the design of estrogen receptor-targeting PROTACs. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:979-85. [PMID: 20512796 PMCID: PMC3516907 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) antagonists have been widely used for breast cancer therapy. Despite initial responsiveness, hormone-sensitive ER-positive cancer cells eventually develop resistance to ER antagonists. It has been shown that in most of these resistant tumor cells, the ER is expressed and continues to regulate tumor growth. Recent studies indicate that tamoxifen initially acts as an antagonist, but later functions as an ER agonist, promoting tumor growth. This suggests that targeted ER degradation may provide an effective therapeutic approach for breast cancers, even those that are resistant to conventional therapies. With this in mind, we previously demonstrated that proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) effectively induce degradation of the ER as a proof-of-concept experiment. Herein we further refined the PROTAC approach to target the ER for degradation. The ER-targeting PROTACs are composed of an estradiol on one end and a hypoxia-inducing factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-derived synthetic pentapeptide on the other. The pentapeptide is recognized by an E3 ubiquitin ligase called the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), thereby recruiting the ER to this E3 ligase for ubiquitination and degradation. Specifically, the pentapeptide is attached at three different locations on estradiol to generate three different PROTAC types. With the pentapeptide linked through the C7alpha position of estradiol, the resulting PROTAC shows the most effective ER degradation and highest affinity for the estrogen receptor. This result provides an opportunity to develop a novel type of ER antagonist that may overcome the resistance of breast tumors to conventional drugs such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant (Faslodex).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedra Cyrus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA, Fax: (+1)859-257-7564
| | - Marie Wehenkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA, Fax: (+1)859-257-7564
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hyosung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA, Fax: (+1)859-257-7564
| | - Hollie Swanson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA, Fax: (+1)859-257-7564
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Arsenescu V, Arsenescu RI, King V, Swanson H, Cassis LA. Polychlorinated biphenyl-77 induces adipocyte differentiation and proinflammatory adipokines and promotes obesity and atherosclerosis. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116:761-8. [PMID: 18560532 PMCID: PMC2430232 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, an inflammatory condition linked to cardiovascular disease, is associated with expansion of adipose tissue. Highly prevalent coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) such as 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) accumulate in adipose tissue because of their lipophilicity and increase with obesity. However, the effects of PCBs on adipocytes, obesity, and obesity-associated cardiovascular disease are unknown. OBJECTIVES In this study we examined in vitro and in vivo effects of PCB-77 on adipocyte differentiation, proinflammatory adipokines, adipocyte morphology, body weight, serum lipids, and atherosclerosis. METHODS PCB-77 or 2,2',4,4,5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) was incubated with 3T3-L1 adipocytes either during differentiation or in mature adipocytes. Concentration-dependent effects of PCB-77 were contrasted with those of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). For in vivo studies, we treated C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)(-/-) mice with vehicle or PCB-77 (49 mg/kg, by intraperitoneal injection) and examined body weight gain. In separate studies, we injected ApoE(-/-) mice with vehicle or PCB-77 over a 6-week period and examined body weight, adipocyte size, serum lipids, and atherosclerosis. RESULTS Low concentrations of PCB-77 or TCDD increased adipocyte differentiation, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, whereas higher concentrations inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Effects of PCB-77 were abolished by the AhR antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone. PCB-77 promoted the expression and release of various proinflammatory cytokines from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Administration of PCB-77 increased body weight gain in WT but not AhR(-/-) mice. ApoE(-/-) mice injected with PCB-77 exhibited greater body weight, adipocyte hypertrophy, serum dyslipidemia, and augmented atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PCB-77 may contribute to the development of obesity and obesity-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria King
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences
- Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Hollie Swanson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences
- Address correspondence to L. Cassis, Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, Room 521B, Wethington Building, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Telephone: (859) 323-4933. Fax: (859) 257-3646. E-mail:
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Lee H, Puppala D, Choi EY, Swanson H, Kim KB. Targeted degradation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by the PROTAC approach: a useful chemical genetic tool. Chembiochem 2008; 8:2058-62. [PMID: 17907127 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyosung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA
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White J, Guerin T, Swanson H, Post S, Zhu H, Gong M, Liu J, Everson WV, Li XA, Graf GA, Ballard HO, Ross SA, Smart EJ. Diabetic HDL-associated myristic acid inhibits acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide generation by preventing the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with calmodulin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 294:C295-305. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00042.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we examined whether diabetes affected the ability of HDL to stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production. Using HDL isolated from both diabetic humans and diabetic mouse models, we found that female HDL no longer induced NO synthesis, despite containing equivalent amounts of estrogen as nondiabetic controls. Furthermore, HDL isolated from diabetic females and males prevented acetylcholine-induced stimulation of NO generation. Analyses of both the human and mouse diabetic HDL particles showed that the HDLs contained increased levels of myristic acid. To determine whether myristic acid associated with HDL particles was responsible for the decrease in NO generation, myristic acid was added to HDL isolated from nondiabetic humans and mice. Myristic acid-associated HDL inhibited the generation of NO in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, diabetic HDL did not alter the levels of endothelial NO synthase or acetylcholine receptors associated with the cells. Surprisingly, diabetic HDL inhibited ionomycin-induced stimulation of NO production without affecting ionomycin-induced increases in intracellular calcium. Further analysis indicated that diabetic HDL prevented calmodulin from interacting with endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) but did not affect the activation of calmodulin kinase or calcium-independent mechanisms for stimulating eNOS. These studies are the first to show that a specific fatty acid associated with HDL inhibits the stimulation of NO generation. These findings have important implications regarding cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.
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Wu R, Swanson H. Lack of the AHR leads to impaired activation of Akt/PKB and enhanced sensitivity to UV‐induced apoptosis in murine hepatoma cells. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a259-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wu
- Molecular and Biomedical PharmacologyUniversity of Kentucky800 Rose StreetLexingtonKY40536
| | - Hollie Swanson
- Molecular and Biomedical PharmacologyUniversity of Kentucky800 Rose StreetLexingtonKY40536
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Smith A, Rush R, Harvey P, Swanson H, Velikova G, Wall L, Wright EP, Selby P, Stark D, Sharpe M. Developing an item bank to measure psychological distress in cancerpatients using Rasch models. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Smith
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R. Rush
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P. Harvey
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - H. Swanson
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G. Velikova
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - L. Wall
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - E. P. Wright
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P. Selby
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D. Stark
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M. Sharpe
- Cancer Research UK, Clin Research Ctr, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; St. James Hosp, Leeds, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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MacLean R, Swanson H, Hancock J, O'Brien E, Williams K, Loskutoff N. Comparison of three techniques for separating motile sperm in cryopreserved semen. Theriogenology 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(98)90616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans typically causes an insidious illness with symptoms related to meningitis or to lung involvement. This is the first reported sudden death due to cryptococcosis, which occurred in a child with leukemia that was in remission. The child had suddenly looked seriously ill and cried with abdominal pain and then died within 25 minutes. Disseminated cryptococcal infection of the lungs, heart, and pancreas was an unexpected finding at autopsy. This clinical experience raises the question whether fungal infections should now be considered in immunosuppressed patients who have an apparent septic collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Lascari
- Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical Center, NY 12208, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Ferrera
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albany Medical Center, NY 12208, USA
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Abstract
Fungal arthritis in pediatric patients is rare and is most often associated with hematogenous spread to the affected joint. It is generally seen concomitant with, or shortly after, fungemia. We report a case of an immunocompetent patient in whom candidal arthritis developed 1 year after initial fungemia. The initial candidiasis was considered to be adequately treated with amphotericin B. The Candida isolates from the neonatal fungemia and subsequent arthritis were the some as identified by electrophoretic karyotype, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and antifungal susceptibility testing. Pediatric candidal fungemia, arthritis, and their treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Swanson
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Albany Medical Center, New York 12203, USA
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Swanson H, Cutts E, Lepow M. Penicillin-resistant Aerococcus viridans bacteremia in a child receiving prophylaxis for sickle-cell disease. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22:387-8. [PMID: 8838213 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/22.2.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Swanson
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Albany Medical Center, New York, USA
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Swanson H. Index of suspicion. Case 3. Diagnosis: failure to thrive due to psychosocial dwarfism. Pediatr Rev 1994; 15:39, 41. [PMID: 8121846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Swanson H, Beauchamp GD, Bell H, Kindred L. Reversible cardiogenic shock after low dose oral propranolol. J Kans Med Soc 1975; 76:260-2. [PMID: 1185021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
The mechanisms by which confined colonies of Golden Hamsters regulate the density of their population were investigated. Six experimental populations were established with two males and two females each and allowed to grow freely for 3-8 months. At no time did any population exceed eight individuals. This appeared to be the result of a high rate of infant mortality due to failure of pregnant and parturient females to isolate themselves from the others. Two other populations were then established allowing many more nesting areas and more room for dispersal, but animals continued to crowd together and infant survival did not improve. These results contrast sharply with the large ultimate populations and only slowly developing disturbances seen in rats and mice. This difference in population control appears to be the direct result of a species difference in the tolerance of adults for strange newborns. In two further short-term experiments, the effects of the number and sex of adults in the founding population were systematically examined. The critical density at which no pups survived past the first day was six or more animals; females appeared to contribute more than males to infant mortality.
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