1
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Lee HG, Rone JM, Li Z, Akl CF, Shin SW, Lee JH, Flausino LE, Pernin F, Chao CC, Kleemann KL, Srun L, Illouz T, Giovannoni F, Charabati M, Sanmarco LM, Kenison JE, Piester G, Zandee SEJ, Antel JP, Rothhammer V, Wheeler MA, Prat A, Clark IC, Quintana FJ. Disease-associated astrocyte epigenetic memory promotes CNS pathology. Nature 2024; 627:865-872. [PMID: 38509377 PMCID: PMC11016191 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Disease-associated astrocyte subsets contribute to the pathology of neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis1-8 (EAE), an experimental model for multiple sclerosis. However, little is known about the stability of these astrocyte subsets and their ability to integrate past stimulation events. Here we report the identification of an epigenetically controlled memory astrocyte subset that exhibits exacerbated pro-inflammatory responses upon rechallenge. Specifically, using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing, focused interrogation of cells by nucleic acid detection and sequencing, and cell-specific in vivo CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic perturbation studies we established that astrocyte memory is controlled by the metabolic enzyme ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), which produces acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) that is used by histone acetyltransferase p300 to control chromatin accessibility. The number of ACLY+p300+ memory astrocytes is increased in acute and chronic EAE models, and their genetic inactivation ameliorated EAE. We also detected the pro-inflammatory memory phenotype in human astrocytes in vitro; single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry studies detected increased numbers of ACLY+p300+ astrocytes in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions. In summary, these studies define an epigenetically controlled memory astrocyte subset that promotes CNS pathology in EAE and, potentially, multiple sclerosis. These findings may guide novel therapeutic approaches for multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Rone
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Camilo Faust Akl
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seung Won Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joon-Hyuk Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas E Flausino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chun-Cheih Chao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lena Srun
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomer Illouz
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liliana M Sanmarco
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gavin Piester
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iain C Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Lee HG, Rone JM, Li Z, Akl CF, Shin SW, Lee JH, Flausino LE, Pernin F, Chao CC, Kleemann KL, Srun L, Illouz T, Giovannoni F, Charabati M, Sanmarco LM, Kenison JE, Piester G, Zandee SEJ, Antel J, Rothhammer V, Wheeler MA, Prat A, Clark IC, Quintana FJ. Disease-associated astrocyte epigenetic memory promotes CNS pathology. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.04.574196. [PMID: 38260616 PMCID: PMC10802318 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathology. Indeed, astrocyte subsets defined by specific transcriptional activation states contribute to the pathology of neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its pre-clinical model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) 1-8 . However, little is known about the stability of these disease-associated astrocyte subsets, their regulation, and whether they integrate past stimulation events to respond to subsequent challenges. Here, we describe the identification of an epigenetically controlled memory astrocyte subset which exhibits exacerbated pro-inflammatory responses upon re-challenge. Specifically, using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-seq), focused interrogation of cells by nucleic acid detection and sequencing (FIND-seq), and cell-specific in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic perturbation studies we established that astrocyte memory is controlled by the metabolic enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), which produces acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) used by the histone acetyltransferase p300 to control chromatin accessibility. ACLY + p300 + memory astrocytes are increased in acute and chronic EAE models; the genetic targeting of ACLY + p300 + astrocytes using CRISPR/Cas9 ameliorated EAE. We also detected responses consistent with a pro-inflammatory memory phenotype in human astrocytes in vitro ; scRNA-seq and immunohistochemistry studies detected increased ACLY + p300 + astrocytes in chronic MS lesions. In summary, these studies define an epigenetically controlled memory astrocyte subset that promotes CNS pathology in EAE and, potentially, MS. These findings may guide novel therapeutic approaches for MS and other neurologic diseases.
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Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles in health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered the functional heterogeneity of astrocytes and their extensive interactions with other cell types in the CNS. In this Review, we highlight the intricate interactions between astrocytes, other CNS-resident cells, and CNS-infiltrating cells as well as their potential therapeutic value in the context of inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joon-Hyuk Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucas E Flausino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Sanmarco LM, Rone JM, Polonio CM, Fernandez Lahore G, Giovannoni F, Ferrara K, Gutierrez-Vazquez C, Li N, Sokolovska A, Plasencia A, Faust Akl C, Nanda P, Heck ES, Li Z, Lee HG, Chao CC, Rejano-Gordillo CM, Fonseca-Castro PH, Illouz T, Linnerbauer M, Kenison JE, Barilla RM, Farrenkopf D, Stevens NA, Piester G, Chung EN, Dailey L, Kuchroo VK, Hava D, Wheeler MA, Clish C, Nowarski R, Balsa E, Lora JM, Quintana FJ. Lactate limits CNS autoimmunity by stabilizing HIF-1α in dendritic cells. Nature 2023; 620:881-889. [PMID: 37558878 PMCID: PMC10725186 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have a role in the development and activation of self-reactive pathogenic T cells1,2. Genetic variants that are associated with the function of DCs have been linked to autoimmune disorders3,4, and DCs are therefore attractive therapeutic targets for such diseases. However, developing DC-targeted therapies for autoimmunity requires identification of the mechanisms that regulate DC function. Here, using single-cell and bulk transcriptional and metabolic analyses in combination with cell-specific gene perturbation studies, we identify a regulatory loop of negative feedback that operates in DCs to limit immunopathology. Specifically, we find that lactate, produced by activated DCs and other immune cells, boosts the expression of NDUFA4L2 through a mechanism mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). NDUFA4L2 limits the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that activate XBP1-driven transcriptional modules in DCs that are involved in the control of pathogenic autoimmune T cells. We also engineer a probiotic that produces lactate and suppresses T cell autoimmunity through the activation of HIF-1α-NDUFA4L2 signalling in DCs. In summary, we identify an immunometabolic pathway that regulates DC function, and develop a synthetic probiotic for its therapeutic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Sanmarco
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Rone
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina M Polonio
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kylynne Ferrara
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Gutierrez-Vazquez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Synlogic Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Agustin Plasencia
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camilo Faust Akl
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Payal Nanda
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evelin S Heck
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun-Cheih Chao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia M Rejano-Gordillo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro H Fonseca-Castro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomer Illouz
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocky M Barilla
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Farrenkopf
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolas A Stevens
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gavin Piester
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Chung
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas Dailey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hava
- Synlogic Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roni Nowarski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo Balsa
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Lee HG, Cho MJ, Choi JM. Author Correction: Bystander CD4 + T cells: crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01032-x. [PMID: 37291224 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kho SS, Aziz AA, Sia TLL, Ramarmuty HY, Sirol Aflah SS, Mohamed Gani Y, Lee HG, Leong CL, Adul Hamid Z, Chua F. Performance of the World Health Organisation suspected COVID-19 case definition in cluster-associated and sporadic SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:279-286. [PMID: 37271836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cluster-associated transmission has contributed to the majority of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia. Although widely used, the performance of the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition for suspected COVID19 in environments with high numbers of such cases has not been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS All suspected cases of COVID-19 that self-presented to hospitals or were cluster screened from 1st April to 31st May 2020 were included. Positive SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR was used as the diagnostic reference for COVID-19. RESULTS 540 individuals with suspected COVID-19 were recruited. Two-third of patients were identified through contact screening, while the rest presented sporadically. Overall COVID-19 positivity rate was 59.4% (321/540) which was higher in the cluster screened group (85.6% vs. 11.6%, p<0.001). Overall, cluster-screened COVID-19 cases were significantly younger, had fewer comorbidities and were less likely to be symptomatic than those present sporadically. Mortality was significantly lower in the cluster-screened COVID-19 cases (0.3% vs. 4.5%, p<0.05). A third of all chest radiographs in confirmed COVID-19 cases were abnormal, with consolidation, ground-glass opacities or both predominating in the peripheral lower zones. The WHO suspected case definition for COVID-19 accurately classified 35.4% of all COVID-19 patients, a rate not improved by the addition of baseline radiographic data. Misclassification rate was higher among the cluster-associated cases (80.6%) compared to sporadic cases (35.3%). CONCLUSION COVID-19 cases in Malaysia identified by active tracing of community cluster outbreaks had lower mortality rate. The WHO suspected COVID-19 performed poorly in this setting even when chest radiographic information was available, a finding that has implications for future spikes of the disease in countries with similar transmission characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kho
- Hospital Umum Sarawak, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - A A Aziz
- Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T L L Sia
- Hospital Umum Sarawak, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - H Y Ramarmuty
- Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - S S Sirol Aflah
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y Mohamed Gani
- Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H G Lee
- Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - C L Leong
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z Adul Hamid
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F Chua
- The Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Cho MJ, Lee HG, Yoon JW, Kim GR, Koo JH, Taneja R, Edelson BT, Lee YJ, Choi JM. Steady-state memory-phenotype conventional CD4 + T cells exacerbate autoimmune neuroinflammation in a bystander manner via the Bhlhe40/GM-CSF axis. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-00995-1. [PMID: 37121980 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory-phenotype (MP) CD4+ T cells are a substantial population of conventional T cells that exist in steady-state mice, yet their immunological roles in autoimmune disease remain unclear. In this work, we unveil a unique phenotype of MP CD4+ T cells determined by analyzing single-cell transcriptomic data and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires. We found that steady-state MP CD4+ T cells in the spleen were composed of heterogeneous effector subpopulations and existed regardless of germ and food antigen exposure. Distinct subpopulations of MP CD4+ T cells were specifically activated by IL-1 family cytokines and STAT activators, revealing that the cells exerted TCR-independent bystander effector functions similar to innate lymphoid cells. In particular, CCR6high subpopulation of MP CD4+ T cells were major responders to IL-23 and IL-1β without MOG35-55 antigen reactivity, which gave them pathogenic Th17 characteristics and allowed them to contribute to autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We identified that Bhlhe40 in CCR6high MP CD4+ T cells as a key regulator of GM-CSF expression through IL-23 and IL-1β signaling, contributing to central nervous system (CNS) pathology in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Collectively, our findings reveal the clearly distinct effector-like heterogeneity of MP CD4+ T cells in the steady state and indicate that CCR6high MP CD4+ T cells exacerbate autoimmune neuroinflammation via the Bhlhe40/GM-CSF axis in a bystander manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jae-Won Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Ran Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology and Healthy Longevity Translation Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian T Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63119, USA
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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8
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Sanmarco LM, Rone JM, Polonio CM, Giovannoni F, Lahore GF, Ferrara K, Gutierrez-Vazquez C, Li N, Sokolovska A, Plasencia A, Akl CF, Nanda P, Heck ES, Li Z, Lee HG, Chao CC, Rejano-Gordillo CM, Fonseca-Castro PH, Illouz T, Linnerbauer M, Kenison JE, Barilla RM, Farrenkopf D, Piester G, Dailey L, Kuchroo VK, Hava D, Wheeler MA, Clish C, Nowarski R, Balsa E, Lora JM, Quintana FJ. Engineered probiotics limit CNS autoimmunity by stabilizing HIF-1α in dendritic cells. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.17.532101. [PMID: 36993446 PMCID: PMC10055137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.532101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) control the generation of self-reactive pathogenic T cells. Thus, DCs are considered attractive therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Using single-cell and bulk transcriptional and metabolic analyses in combination with cell-specific gene perturbation studies we identified a negative feedback regulatory pathway that operates in DCs to limit immunopathology. Specifically, we found that lactate, produced by activated DCs and other immune cells, boosts NDUFA4L2 expression through a mechanism mediated by HIF-1α. NDUFA4L2 limits the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that activate XBP1-driven transcriptional modules in DCs involved in the control of pathogenic autoimmune T cells. Moreover, we engineered a probiotic that produces lactate and suppresses T-cell autoimmunity in the central nervous system via the activation of HIF-1α/NDUFA4L2 signaling in DCs. In summary, we identified an immunometabolic pathway that regulates DC function, and developed a synthetic probiotic for its therapeutic activation.
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9
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Wheeler MA, Clark IC, Lee HG, Li Z, Linnerbauer M, Rone JM, Blain M, Akl CF, Piester G, Giovannoni F, Charabati M, Lee JH, Kye YC, Choi J, Sanmarco LM, Srun L, Chung EN, Flausino LE, Andersen BM, Rothhammer V, Yano H, Illouz T, Zandee SEJ, Daniel C, Artis D, Prinz M, Abate AR, Kuchroo VK, Antel JP, Prat A, Quintana FJ. Droplet-based forward genetic screening of astrocyte-microglia cross-talk. Science 2023; 379:1023-1030. [PMID: 36893254 PMCID: PMC10066924 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions in the central nervous system play important roles in neurologic diseases. However, little is known about the specific molecular pathways involved, and methods for their systematic identification are limited. Here, we developed a forward genetic screening platform that combines CRISPR-Cas9 perturbations, cell coculture in picoliter droplets, and microfluidic-based fluorescence-activated droplet sorting to identify mechanisms of cell-cell communication. We used SPEAC-seq (systematic perturbation of encapsulated associated cells followed by sequencing), in combination with in vivo genetic perturbations, to identify microglia-produced amphiregulin as a suppressor of disease-promoting astrocyte responses in multiple sclerosis preclinical models and clinical samples. Thus, SPEAC-seq enables the high-throughput systematic identification of cell-cell communication mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Iain C. Clark
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rone
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manon Blain
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Camilo Faust Akl
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gavin Piester
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joon-Hyuk Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoon-Chul Kye
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Choi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liliana M. Sanmarco
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lena Srun
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth N. Chung
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucas E. Flausino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian M. Andersen
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jamaica Plain Veterans Affairs Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tomer Illouz
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie E. J. Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Type 1 Diabetes Immunology, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, 80939 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adam R. Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vijay K. Kuchroo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jack P. Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Francisco J. Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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10
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Clark IC, Wheeler MA, Lee HG, Li Z, Sanmarco LM, Thaploo S, Polonio CM, Shin SW, Scalisi G, Henry AR, Rone JM, Giovannoni F, Charabati M, Akl CF, Aleman DM, Zandee SEJ, Prat A, Douek DC, Boritz EA, Quintana FJ, Abate AR. Identification of astrocyte regulators by nucleic acid cytometry. Nature 2023; 614:326-333. [PMID: 36599367 PMCID: PMC9980163 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system1. Astrocytes are heterogeneous glial cells that are resident in the central nervous system and participate in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and its model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis2,3. However, few unique surface markers are available for the isolation of astrocyte subsets, preventing their analysis and the identification of candidate therapeutic targets; these limitations are further amplified by the rarity of pathogenic astrocytes. Here, to address these challenges, we developed focused interrogation of cells by nucleic acid detection and sequencing (FIND-seq), a high-throughput microfluidic cytometry method that combines encapsulation of cells in droplets, PCR-based detection of target nucleic acids and droplet sorting to enable in-depth transcriptomic analyses of cells of interest at single-cell resolution. We applied FIND-seq to study the regulation of astrocytes characterized by the splicing-driven activation of the transcription factor XBP1, which promotes disease pathology in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis4. Using FIND-seq in combination with conditional-knockout mice, in vivo CRISPR-Cas9-driven genetic perturbation studies and bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of samples from mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and humans with multiple sclerosis, we identified a new role for the nuclear receptor NR3C2 and its corepressor NCOR2 in limiting XBP1-driven pathogenic astrocyte responses. In summary, we used FIND-seq to identify a therapeutically targetable mechanism that limits XBP1-driven pathogenic astrocyte responses. FIND-seq enables the investigation of previously inaccessible cells, including rare cell subsets defined by unique gene expression signatures or other nucleic acid markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain C Clark
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liliana M Sanmarco
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shravan Thaploo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina M Polonio
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seung Won Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M Rone
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camilo Faust Akl
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dulce M Aleman
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Lab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eli A Boritz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Nejad JG, Lee HG. Coat color affects cortisol and serotonin levels in the serum and hairs of Holstein dairy cows exposed to cold winter. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 82:106768. [PMID: 36215938 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that coat color significantly affects hair cortisol levels but not serum cortisol and serotonin levels in heifers and dairy cows under heat stress conditions. As a follow-up study, we tested whether both serum and hair cortisol and serotonin levels in winter-housed dairy cows were affected by coat color (black vs white). Twenty multiparous high-yielding dairy cows (DIM = 110 ± 25, milk yield = 35 ± 2.1 kg) were assigned to one of the following groups: 1) black coat color (BCC; over 85% of coat black, n = 14) and 2) white coat color (WCC; over 85% of coat white, n = 6). The experimental period lasted 60 d (from December to February), during which the animals were kept in a building with free stalls that had dry river sand bedding. Blood was harvested for 3 consecutive days at the end of the study. Hair was harvested from the forehead of each individual at the beginning and on the end-day of the study. Cortisol and serotonin hormones were measured in serum and hair. Data were analyzed using t-test. The results revealed that cows with BCC had lower hair cortisol and higher hair serotonin levels than those with WCC (P < 0.05). No differences in serum cortisol levels were observed between cows with WCC and BCC (P > 0.05). The serum serotonin level was lower in cows with WCC compared to the BCC group (P < 0.05). Taken together, coat color significantly affected stress levels indicated by higher hair cortisol and lower hair serotonin levels in WCC cows in addition to lower serum serotonin levels in the corresponding animals. This feature of coat color should be considered as a management tool, particularly in countries with long winters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Astrocytes regulate glutamate and ion homeostasis, cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism and respond to environmental factors, all of which have been implicated in neurological diseases. Astrocytes also exhibit significant heterogeneity, driven by developmental programmes and stimulus-specific cellular responses controlled by CNS location, cell-cell interactions and other mechanisms. In this Review, we highlight general mechanisms of astrocyte regulation and their potential as therapeutic targets, including drugs that alter astrocyte metabolism, and therapies that target transporters and receptors on astrocytes. Emerging ideas, such as engineered probiotics and glia-to-neuron conversion therapies, are also discussed. We further propose a concise nomenclature for astrocyte subsets that we use to highlight the roles of astrocytes and specific subsets in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Saw YT, Lee HG. Concurrent COVID-19 and dengue with hyperferritinaemia: A case report. Med J Malaysia 2021; 76:918-920. [PMID: 34806685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) poses a bigger challenge to the population in tropical countries where dengue fever is also endemic as both diseases share similar clinical and laboratory features. In COVID-19, hyperferritinaemia is associated with severe disease and clinical outcome while in dengue fever, hyperferritinaemia is a key feature of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), which is a complication with high mortality. In this case report, we present a case of coinfection of COVID-19 and dengue with hyperferritinaemia in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Saw
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Medicine, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - H G Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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14
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Tan WF, Lee HG. Concurrent Influenza A and Pulmonary Melioidosis in pregnancy. Med J Malaysia 2021; 76:245-247. [PMID: 33742637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis is endemic in Sabah. It causes significant morbidity and mortality if diagnosis and treatment is delayed. Important risk factors include diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, chronic lung diseases, thalassaemia, immunosuppressive therapy, and hazardous alcohol consumption. Influenza A is usually a self-limiting disease but is associated with high morbidity and mortality in highrisk populations especially during pregnancy. Both melioidosis and influenza A commonly present in patients with pneumonia. Secondary bacterial pneumonia is a known complication in approximately one third of patients with severe pneumonia due to influenza A, resulting in intensive care unit admissions. However, melioidosis is not commonly recognized as an aetiology in secondary bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza A infection. This is important as empirical antibiotics that are used to treat secondary bacterial pneumonia due to influenza A often do not cover melioidosis. Here we report a rare case of concurrent pulmonary melioidosis and influenza A in a 30- year-old primigravida at 27 weeks of pregnancy in the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia to highlight the challenge in the recognition and management of both infections in a melioidosis endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Tan
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Medicine, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - H G Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Medicine, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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15
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Soo KC, Lee KS, Ooi SY, Darwina A, Sannasey S, Lee HG. Disseminated Melioidosis with Spinal Intraosseous Abscess. Med J Malaysia 2021; 76:251-253. [PMID: 33742639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis is endemic in the State of Sabah, Malaysia. We report a case of a 34-year-old man with one-week history of fever and cough, three days history of diarrhoea and vomiting, which was associated with a loss of appetite and loss of weight for one-month. Clinically, he had hepatosplenomegaly and crepitation over his right lower zone of lung. Chest radiograph showed right lower lobe consolidation. Ultrasound abdomen showed liver and splenic abscesses. Ultrasound guided drainage of splenic abscess yielded Burkholderia pseudomallei. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lumbosacral confirmed right sacral intraosseous abscess after he developed back pain a week later. He received 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and oral co-trimoxazole, followed by 6 months oral co-trimoxazole and had full recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Soo
- Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Infectious Disease Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - K S Lee
- Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Infectious Disease Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - S Y Ooi
- Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Infectious Disease Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - A Darwina
- Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Department of Radiology, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - S Sannasey
- Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Department of Radiology, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - H G Lee
- Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Infectious Disease Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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16
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Choi JH, Jang HI, Jang JS, Jeon SH, Joo KK, Ju K, Jung DE, Kim JG, Kim JH, Kim JY, Kim SB, Kim SY, Kim W, Kwon E, Lee DH, Lee HG, Lim IT, Moon DH, Pac MY, Seo H, Seo JW, Shin CD, Yang BS, Yoo J, Yoon SG, Yeo IS, Yu I. Search for Sub-eV Sterile Neutrinos at RENO. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:191801. [PMID: 33216576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a search result for a light sterile neutrino oscillation with roughly 2200 live days of data in the RENO experiment. The search is performed by electron antineutrino (ν[over ¯]_{e}) disappearance taking place between six 2.8 GW_{th} reactors and two identical detectors located at 294 m (near) and 1383 m (far) from the center of the reactor array. A spectral comparison between near and far detectors can explore reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} oscillations to a light sterile neutrino. An observed spectral difference is found to be consistent with that of the three-flavor oscillation model. This yields limits on sin^{2}2θ_{14} in the 10^{-4}≲|Δm_{41}^{2}|≲0.5 eV^{2} region, free from reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} flux and spectrum uncertainties. The RENO result provides the most stringent limits on sterile neutrino mixing at |Δm_{41}^{2}|≲0.002 eV^{2} using the ν[over ¯]_{e} disappearance channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Choi
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - H I Jang
- Department of Fire Safety, Seoyeong University, Gwangju 61268, Korea
| | - J S Jang
- GIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - S H Jeon
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K K Joo
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - K Ju
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - D E Jung
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J G Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - S B Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - W Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - E Kwon
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - I T Lim
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - D H Moon
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - M Y Pac
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - H Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - J W Seo
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - C D Shin
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - B S Yang
- Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34047, Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34047, Korea
| | - S G Yoon
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - I S Yeo
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - I Yu
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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17
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Lee HG, Cho MZ, Choi JM. Bystander CD4 + T cells: crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1255-1263. [PMID: 32859954 PMCID: PMC8080565 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are the central mediators of both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. Highly specific receptor-mediated clonal selection and expansion of T cells assure antigen-specific immunity. In addition, encounters with cognate antigens generate immunological memory, the capacity for long-term, antigen-specific immunity against previously encountered pathogens. However, T-cell receptor (TCR)-independent activation, termed “bystander activation”, has also been found. Bystander-activated T cells can respond rapidly and secrete effector cytokines even in the absence of antigen stimulation. Recent studies have rehighlighted the importance of antigen-independent bystander activation of CD4+ T cells in infection clearance and autoimmune pathogenesis, suggesting the existence of a distinct innate-like immunological function performed by conventional T cells. In this review, we discuss the inflammatory mediators that activate bystander CD4+ T cells and the potential physiological roles of these cells during infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Immune cells that become activated in the absence of antigen stimulation could be harnessed in the fight against infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Je-Min Choi and colleagues from Hanyang University in Seoul, South Korea, review how the immune system can deploy helper T cells through an unusual process called bystander activation. Most T cells become activated only after receptors on their surface bind to specific cognate antigen. In contrast, bystander T cells are activated non-specifically in response to cytokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Studies have shown that this cell population has a variety of protective and pathogenic functions, for example, guarding against multiple sclerosis, aggravating the symptoms of parasitic infections and promoting antitumor immunity. A better understanding of these immune cells could lead to new therapeutic options for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Zi Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Wong CK, Md Fuzi NH, Baherin MF, Lee HG. A case of co-infection: First reported case of severe plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue co-infection in Sabah, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2020; 75:171-172. [PMID: 32281602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a rare case of severe Plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue co-infection in a 36-year-old lady with hyperparasitaemia, metabolic acidosis, haemolysis and acute kidney injury. She was in shock requiring inotropic support and elective intubation. She had pericardial tamponade which necessitate pericardiocentesis to allow for haemodynamic stability during haemodialysis. She underwent haemodialysis, was ventilated for six days and stayed in hospital for 29 days. She was discharged home well with almost complete renal recovery. Physicians must have a high degree of suspicion for dengue co-infection in malaria patients with plasma leakage such as pericardial effusion to allow for prompt management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Wong
- Lahad Datu Hospital, Department of Medicine, Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - N H Md Fuzi
- Lahad Datu Hospital, Department of Medicine, Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - M F Baherin
- Lahad Datu Hospital, Emergency Department, Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - H G Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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19
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Lee HG, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Jipanin SJ. Ciguatera fish poisoning: First reported case in Sabah, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2019; 74:545-546. [PMID: 31929485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is the most common natural marine toxin poisoning worldwide and yet under recognised in Malaysia. We report the first confirmed case of CFP in Sabah with severe neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal manifestations after consumption of emperor snapper. Early recognition of CFP is important because it will result in improved patient care and public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - C P Leaw
- University of Malaya, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P T Lim
- University of Malaya, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S J Jipanin
- Likas Fisheries Research Center, Likas, Sabah, Malaysia
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20
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Lee HG, Kim LK, Choi JM. NFAT-Specific Inhibition by dNP2-VIVITAmeliorates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitisby Regulation of Th1 and Th17. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 16:32-41. [PMID: 31737742 PMCID: PMC6849366 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs) is an important transcription factor for T cell activation and proliferation. Recent studies have highlighted the role of NFATs in regulating the differentiation of effector CD4 T helper (Th) subsets including Th1 and Th17 cells. Because controlling the effector T cell function is important for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, regulation of NFAT functions in T cells would be an important strategy to control the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrated that an NFAT inhibitory peptide, VIVIT conjugated to dNP2 (dNP2-VIVIT), a blood-brain barrier-permeable peptide, ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cells, but not regulatory T (Treg) cells. dNP2-VIVIT negatively regulated spinal cord-infiltrating interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4+ T cells without affecting the number of Foxp3+ CD4+ Treg cells, whereas dNP2-VEET or 11R-VIVIT could not significantly inhibit EAE. In comparison with cyclosporin A (CsA), dNP2-VIVIT selectively inhibited Th1 and Th17 differentiation, whereas CsA inhibited the differentiation of all T cell subsets including that of Th2 and Treg cells. Collectively, this study demonstrated the role of dNP2-VIVIT as a novel agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis by regulating the functions of Th1 and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Li-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kim DH, Lee HG, Choi JM. Curcumin Elevates T FH Cells and Germinal Center B Cell Response for Antibody Production in Mice. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e35. [PMID: 31720046 PMCID: PMC6829072 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural product extracted from Curcuma longa. It has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound. Previous studies have demonstrated that curcumin suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production via inhibition of NF-κB in macrophages. However, its role in adaptive immune cells such as T cells, in vivo, has not clearly been elucidated. Here, we examined the effects of curcumin in T follicular helper (TFH) cells and on Ab production during NP-ovalbumin immunization in mice. The results revealed that curcumin administered daily significantly increased CXCR5+B-cell lymphoma 6+ TFH cells and CD95+GL-7+ germinal center (GC) B cells in draining lymph nodes. In addition, curcumin treatment in mice induced total Ab production as well as high affinity IgG1 and IgG2b Ab production. Collectively, these results suggest that curcumin has positive regulatory roles in TFH cell functions and GC responses. Thus, this could be an advantageous supplement to enhance humoral immunity against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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22
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Bak G, Choi JH, Jang HI, Jang JS, Jeon SH, Joo KK, Ju K, Jung DE, Kim JG, Kim JH, Kim JY, Kim SB, Kim SY, Kim W, Kwon E, Lee DH, Lee HG, Lee YC, Lim IT, Moon DH, Pac MY, Park YS, Rott C, Seo H, Seo JW, Seo SH, Shin CD, Yang JY, Yoo J, Yu I. Fuel-Composition Dependent Reactor Antineutrino Yield at RENO. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:232501. [PMID: 31298906 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.232501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a fuel-dependent reactor electron antineutrino (ν[over ¯]_{e}) yield using six 2.8 GW_{th} reactors in the Hanbit nuclear power plant complex, Yonggwang, Korea. The analysis uses 850 666 ν[over ¯]_{e} candidate events with a background fraction of 2.0% acquired through inverse beta decay (IBD) interactions in the near detector for 1807.9 live days from August 2011 to February 2018. Based on multiple fuel cycles, we observe a fuel ^{235}U dependent variation of measured IBD yields with a slope of (1.51±0.23)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission and measure a total average IBD yield of (5.84±0.13)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission. The hypothesis of no fuel-dependent IBD yield is ruled out at 6.6σ. The observed IBD yield variation over ^{235}U isotope fraction does not show significant deviation from the Huber-Mueller (HM) prediction at 1.3 σ. The measured fuel-dependent variation determines IBD yields of (6.15±0.19)×10^{-43} and (4.18±0.26)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission for two dominant fuel isotopes ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu, respectively. The measured IBD yield per ^{235}U fission shows the largest deficit relative to the HM prediction. Reevaluation of the ^{235}U IBD yield per fission may mostly solve the reactor antineutrino anomaly (RAA) while ^{239}Pu is not completely ruled out as a possible contributor to the anomaly. We also report a 2.9 σ correlation between the fractional change of the 5 MeV excess and the reactor fuel isotope fraction of ^{235}U.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bak
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - H I Jang
- Department of Fire Safety, Seoyeong University, Gwangju 61268, Korea
| | - J S Jang
- GIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - S H Jeon
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K K Joo
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - K Ju
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - D E Jung
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J G Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - S B Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - W Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - E Kwon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y C Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - I T Lim
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - D H Moon
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - M Y Pac
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - Y S Park
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - H Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - J W Seo
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S H Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - C D Shin
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - J Y Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34047, Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - I Yu
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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23
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Bak G, Choi JH, Jang HI, Jang JS, Jeon SH, Joo KK, Ju K, Jung DE, Kim JG, Kim JH, Kim JY, Kim SB, Kim SY, Kim W, Kwon E, Lee DH, Lee HG, Lee YC, Lim IT, Moon DH, Pac MY, Park YS, Rott C, Seo H, Seo JW, Seo SH, Shin CD, Yang JY, Yoo J, Yu I. Measurement of Reactor Antineutrino Oscillation Amplitude and Frequency at RENO. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:201801. [PMID: 30500262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The RENO experiment reports more precisely measured values of θ_{13} and |Δm_{ee}^{2}| using ∼2200 live days of data. The amplitude and frequency of reactor electron antineutrino (ν[over ¯]_{e}) oscillation are measured by comparing the prompt signal spectra obtained from two identical near and far detectors. In the period between August 2011 and February 2018, the far (near) detector observed 103 212 (850 666) ν[over ¯]_{e} candidate events with a background fraction of 4.8% (2.0%). A clear energy and baseline dependent disappearance of reactor ν[over ¯]_{e} is observed in the deficit of the measured number of ν[over ¯]_{e}. Based on the measured far-to-near ratio of prompt spectra, we obtain sin^{2}2θ_{13}=0.0896±0.0048(stat)±0.0047(syst) and |Δm_{ee}^{2}|=[2.68±0.12(stat)±0.07(syst)]×10^{-3} eV^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bak
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - H I Jang
- Department of Fire Safety, Seoyeong University, Gwangju 61268, Korea
| | - J S Jang
- GIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - S H Jeon
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K K Joo
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - K Ju
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - D E Jung
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J G Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - S B Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - W Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - E Kwon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y C Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - I T Lim
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - D H Moon
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - M Y Pac
- Institute for High Energy Physics, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - Y S Park
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - H Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - J W Seo
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S H Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - C D Shin
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - J Y Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34047, Korea
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - I Yu
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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24
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Yoo BH, Kim JC, Kim YG, Hwang DY, Lee JH, Lee HG. Investigation of multifilament MgB 2 superconducting joint technique for development of MRI magnets. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:094701. [PMID: 30278739 DOI: 10.1063/1.5040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the investigation of superconducting joints fabricated using multifilament magnesium diboride (MgB2) wires for the development of persistent-current mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnets. The critical current of the jointed samples decreased with increasing cutting angle because the smaller cutting angle allowed greater exposure of the MgB2 filament, thereby increasing the contact area for the wire-bulk-wire connection. In addition, an appropriate pressing pressure (300 MPa) was necessary to establish the multifilament MgB2 joint without significant degradation of superconducting properties. The resistance of the optimal MgB2 joint, measured using the field-decay technique, was <1.5 × 10-14 Ω. Therefore, the proposed joint technique can be employed for developing multifilament MgB2 MRI magnets operating in the persistent-current mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Y G Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - D Y Hwang
- Kiswire Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34026, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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25
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Kim WJ, Koo JH, Cho HJ, Lee JU, Kim JY, Lee S, Lee HG, Kim JH, Oh MS, Suh M, Shin EC, Ko JY, Sohn MH, Choi JM. Engineered immunomodulatory protein tyrosine phosphatase ameliorates inflammatory skin diseases. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.54.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are the two most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases with unmet needs. There are still no effective and safe topical therapeutics for inflammatory skin diseases and current developing biologics have limitation of administration methods. Here, we identified a novel transdermal delivery peptide (AP) and generated engineered immunomodulatory protein to inhibit dermatitis. AP-conjugated proteins exhibited significant intracellular transduction efficacy in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Transdermal delivery of AP-dTomato protein showed localization into the dermis and epidermis in both mouse and human skin. Next, we generated AP-conjugated phosphatase domain of TC-PTP protein (AP-rPTP) for regulating cytokine and T cell receptor signaling. AP-rPTP inhibited pSTAT1, pSTAT3, pSTAT5 and pSTAT6 upon cytokine stimulation in mouse splenocytes. AP-rPTP also regulated T cell activation, proliferation and Th1, Th2 differentiation upon CD3/28 stimulation. The transdermal paper-patch of the AP-rPTP protein significantly ameliorated ear thickness, tissue inflammation, and cytokine expression in allergic dermatitis as well as in psoriasis-like mice models. These results collectively demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing AP peptide for biologic drug delivery via paper-patch and suggest AP-rPTP as a novel immune modulatory drug candidate for inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jong Hoon Kim
- 3Korea Advanced Inst. of Sci. and Technol., South Korea
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26
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Kim DH, Lim S, Lee HG, Lee CG, Elias JA, Choi JM. Regulation of Chitinase-3-like-1 in T cell enhances anti-tumoral T cell responses to suppress lung metastasis. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.57.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like-1 (Chi3l1) is known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Type 2 inflammation and cancer. However, the function of Chi3l1 in T cell and its clinical implications are largely unknown. Here we showed that Chi3l1 expression was increased in Th2 cells while it decreased in Th1 cells by time dependent manner. In addition, Chi3l1-deficient T cells were hyper-responsive to TcR stimulation and were prone to differentiating into Th1 cells, and retroviral transduction of Chi3l1 rescue increased IFNγ expression in Chi3l1-deficient Th1 cells. Chi3l1-deficient Th1 cells showed increased expression of anti-tumor immunity genes and decreased Th1 negative regulators. Deletion of Chi3l1 in T cells in mice showed reduced melanoma lung metastasis with increased IFNγ and TNFα-producing T cells in the lung. Furthermore, knockdown of Chi3l1 expression in the lung using peptide-siRNA complex efficiently inhibited lung metastasis with enhanced Th1 and CTL infiltration and functions. Collectively, this study demonstrates Chi3l1 is a novel regulator of Th1 and CTL which could be a therapeutic target to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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27
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Lee HG, Lee JU, Kang I, Choi JM. Interleukin-1 and IL-23 induce innate-like immune responses by bystander-activated memory CD4+ T cells contributing to the autoimmune pathogenesis. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.51.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antigen-nonspecific bystander activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes have been recently discovered. However, the immunopathological role of non-specific bystander activated CD4+ T cells responding to pro-inflammatory cytokines remains unknown. Here, we show that IL-1β acted directly on polyclonal memory, but not naïve, CD4+ T cells in synergy with IL-23 to promote IL-17A and IFN-γ expression in both mice and human. This bystander CD4+ T cell activation is dependent on IL-1 but not T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). In vivo, co-transfer of MOG-specific TCR transgenic (2D2) naïve T cells with MOG-nonspecific TCR transgenic (OT-II) memory-like Th17 cells increased susceptibility to EAE. IL-1 dependent MOG-nonspecific memory-like Th17 cells infiltrated to the CNS producing IL-17A, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF, which made important contributions to the development of autoimmune neuroinflammation. Our findings demonstrate that IL-1β and IL-23 activates TCR-independent innate-like immune responses by bystander activated memory CD4+ T cells contributing to the autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
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28
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Lim S, Lee HG, Kim GR, Choi JM. The cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 inhibits effector T cell responses and autoimmunity via increasing regulatory T cells in mice. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.110.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, a critical role of CTLA-4 in a regulatory T cell (Treg) function has been highlighted both in peripheral and follicular regulatory T cells. However, the importance of cytoplasmic domain CTLA-4 signaling in Treg function and differentiation is not clearly understood. In this study, we utilized a recombinant extracellular domain (CTLA-4-Ig) and cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) to elucidate the mechanism of CTLA-4 in Tregs. We found dNP2-ctCTLA-4 increased follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells in draining lymph node (dLN), accompanying by decreased level of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and germinal center (GC) B cells, while CTLA-4-Ig only reduced Tfh cells and GC B cells without affects on Tfr cells. In addition, dNP2-ctCTLA-4 induces Foxp3 positive regulatory T cells in Th17 and Th1 conditions with TGF-β, while CTLA-4-Ig inhibited effector cytokine productions without affecting Foxp3 levels. One of the molecular mechanism of dNP2-ctCTLA-4 in Foxp3 expression would be inhibition of Jak2/STAT3 pathway via binding to Jak2 which inhibits Th17. In addition, TGF-β signaling was enhanced by it via inhibition of phosphorylation on Erk and Smad2 linker region to results increasing Foxp3 expression in T cells. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic domain CTLA-4 signaling would be critical to support immune homeostatic environments in dLN via enhancing Foxp3 expression in T cells.
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29
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Kim DH, Park HJ, Lim S, Koo JH, Lee HG, Choi JO, Oh JH, Ha SJ, Kang MJ, Lee CM, Lee CG, Elias JA, Choi JM. Regulation of chitinase-3-like-1 in T cell elicits Th1 and cytotoxic responses to inhibit lung metastasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:503. [PMID: 29403003 PMCID: PMC5799380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like-1 (Chi3l1) is known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Type 2 inflammation and cancer. However, the function of Chi3l1 in T cell and its clinical implications are largely unknown. Here we show that Chi3l1 expression was increased in activated T cells, especially in Th2 cells. In addition, Chi3l1-deficient T cells are hyper-responsive to TcR stimulation and are prone to differentiating into Th1 cells. Chi3l1-deficient Th1 cells show increased expression of anti-tumor immunity genes and decreased Th1 negative regulators. Deletion of Chi3l1 in T cells in mice show reduced melanoma lung metastasis with increased IFNγ and TNFα-producing T cells in the lung. Furthermore, silencing of Chi3l1 expression in the lung using peptide-siRNA complex (dNP2-siChi3l1) efficiently inhibit lung metastasis with enhanced Th1 and CTL responses. Collectively, this study demonstrates Chi3l1 is a regulator of Th1 and CTL which could be a therapeutic target to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Chitinase-3-like-1 (Chi3l1) has been involved in inflammation and pulmonary metastasis. Here the authors show that Chi3l1 inhibits the T cell response by negatively regulating their activation and that, in a mouse model of melanoma, T cell-targeted silencing of Chi3l1 results in reduced lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jin Ouk Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea. .,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Lee HG, Agpoon KJ, Besana AN, Lim HK, Jang HS, Lee ES. Re: re: Mandibular stability using sliding compared with conventional four-hole plates for fixation after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular setback. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 56:80-81. [PMID: 29183648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H G Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - K J Agpoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - A N Besana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - H K Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - H S Jang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - E S Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Cho HJ, Hwang YS, Yoon J, Lee M, Lee HG, Daar IO. EphrinB1 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion through the interaction with RhoGDI1. Oncogene 2017; 37:861-872. [PMID: 29059157 PMCID: PMC5814325 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors and their corresponding ephrin ligands have been associated with regulating cell–cell adhesion and motility, and thus have a critical role in various biological processes including tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis, as well as pathogenesis of several diseases. Aberrant regulation of Eph/ephrin signaling pathways is implicated in tumor progression of various human cancers. Here, we show that a Rho family GTPase regulator, Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 1 (RhoGDI1), can interact with ephrinB1, and this interaction is enhanced upon binding the extracellular domain of the cognate EphB2 receptor. Deletion mutagenesis revealed that amino acids 327–334 of the ephrinB1 intracellular domain are critical for the interaction with RhoGDI1. Stimulation with an EphB2 extracellular domain-Fc fusion protein (EphB2-Fc) induces RhoA activation and enhances the motility as well as invasiveness of wild-type ephrinB1-expressing cells. These Eph-Fc-induced effects were markedly diminished in cells expressing the mutant ephrinB1 construct (Δ327–334) that is ineffective at interacting with RhoGDI1. Furthermore, ephrinB1 depletion by siRNA suppresses EphB2-Fc-induced RhoA activation, and reduces motility and invasiveness of the SW480 and Hs578T human cancer cell lines. Our study connects the interaction between RhoGDI1 and ephrinB1 to the promotion of cancer cell behavior associated with tumor progression. This interaction may represent a therapeutic target in cancers that express ephrinB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Cho
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.,Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Y-S Hwang
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J Yoon
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - M Lee
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - H G Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - I O Daar
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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Seon CR, Hong JH, Song I, Jang J, Lee HY, An YH, Kim BS, Jeon TM, Park JS, Choe W, Lee HG, Pak S, Cheon MS, Choi JH, Kim HS, Biel W, Bernascolle P, Barnsley R. VUV spectroscopy in impurity injection experiments at KSTAR using prototype ITER VUV spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:083511. [PMID: 28863699 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ITER vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) core survey spectrometer has been designed as a 5-channel spectral system so that the high spectral resolving power of 200-500 could be achieved in the wavelength range of 2.4-160 nm. To verify the design of the ITER VUV core survey spectrometer, a two-channel prototype spectrometer was developed. As a subsequent step of the prototype test, the prototype VUV spectrometer has been operated at KSTAR since the 2012 experimental campaign. From impurity injection experiments in the years 2015 and 2016, strong emission lines, such as Kr xxv 15.8 nm, Kr xxvi 17.9 nm, Ne vii 46.5 nm, Ne vi 40.2 nm, and an array of largely unresolved tungsten lines (14-32 nm) could be measured successfully, showing the typical photon number of 1013-1015 photons/cm2 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Seon
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno, 169-148 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J H Hong
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, 291 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - I Song
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, 291 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J Jang
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, 291 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, 291 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Y H An
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno, 169-148 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - T M Jeon
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, 291 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J S Park
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, 291 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - W Choe
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, 291 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H G Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno, 169-148 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - S Pak
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno, 169-148 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M S Cheon
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno, 169-148 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J H Choi
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno, 169-148 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H S Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno, 169-148 Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - W Biel
- Institut für Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh, EURATOM Association, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - P Bernascolle
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon - CS 90 046, 13067 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - R Barnsley
- ITER Organization, Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon - CS 90 046, 13067 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Kim YG, Song JB, Kim JC, Kim JM, Yoo BH, Yun SB, Hwang DY, Lee HG. Note: Progress on the use of MgB 2 superconducting joint technique for the development of MgB 2 magnets for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:086105. [PMID: 28863663 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This note presents a superconducting joint technique for the development of MgB2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnets. The MgB2 superconducting joint was fabricated by a powder processing method using Mg and B powders to establish a wire-bulk-wire connection. The joint resistance measured using a field-decay method was <10-14 Ω, demonstrating that the proposed joint technique could be employed for developing "next-generation" MgB2 MRI magnets operating in the persistent current mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - J B Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - B H Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - S B Yun
- Kiswire Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34026, South Korea
| | - D Y Hwang
- Kiswire Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34026, South Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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Kim WJ, Koo JH, Cho HJ, Lee JU, Kim JY, Lee HG, Lee S, Kim JH, Oh MS, Suh M, Shin EC, Ko JY, Sohn MH, Choi JM. Protein tyrosine phosphatase conjugated with a novel transdermal delivery peptide, astrotactin 1-derived peptide recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase (AP-rPTP), alleviates both atopic dermatitis-like and psoriasis-like dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:137-151. [PMID: 28456618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are the 2 most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. There is an unmet medical need to overcome limitations for transcutaneous drug development posed by the skin barrier. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify a novel transdermal delivery peptide and to develop a transcutaneously applicable immunomodulatory protein for treating AD and psoriasis. METHODS We identified and generated reporter proteins conjugated to astrotactin 1-derived peptide (AP), a novel transdermal delivery peptide of human origin, and analyzed the intracellular delivery efficiency of these proteins in mouse and human skin cells and tissues using multiphoton confocal microscopy. We also generated a recombinant therapeutic protein, AP-recombinant protein tyrosine phosphatase (rPTP), consisting of the phosphatase domain of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase conjugated to AP. The immunomodulatory function of AP-rPTP was confirmed in splenocytes on cytokine stimulation and T-cell receptor stimulation. Finally, we confirmed the in vivo efficacy of AP-rPTP transdermal delivery in patients with oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity, ovalbumin-induced AD-like, and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation models. RESULTS AP-conjugated reporter proteins exhibited significant intracellular transduction efficacy in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. In addition, transcutaneous administration of AP-dTomato resulted in significant localization into the dermis and epidermis in both mouse and human skin. AP-rPTP inhibited phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, STAT3, and STAT6 in splenocytes and also regulated T-cell activation and proliferation. Transcutaneous administration of AP-rPTP through the paper-patch technique significantly ameliorated skin tissue thickening, inflammation, and cytokine expression in both AD-like and psoriasis-like dermatitis models. CONCLUSION We identified a 9-amino-acid novel transdermal delivery peptide, AP, and demonstrated its feasibility for transcutaneous biologic drug development. Moreover, AP-rPTP is a novel immunomodulatory drug candidate for human dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Ko
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea.
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35
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Lee HG, Agpoon KJ, Besana AN, Lim HK, Jang HS, Lee ES. Mandibular stability using sliding or conventional four-hole plates for fixation after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular setback. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 55:378-382. [PMID: 27931722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.11.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to compare the postoperative stability of the mandible when two different fixation methods had been used after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for mandibular setback. The study included 23 patients who had two-jaw BSSRO mandibular setback at the Department of Oromaxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, between January 2011 and June 2014. The first group (four-hole (control) group, n=13) comprised patients whose bony segments were fixed with conventional four-hole plates, and the second (sliding plate (experimental) group, n=10) included patients whose bone segments were fixed with sliding plates. Lateral cephalograms were taken and analysed at three time points: preoperatively (T1), and one week (T2), and 1year (T3) postoperatively. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the postoperative stability of the mandible in each group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in changes in the horizontal and vertical positions of point B and pogonion postoperatively, nor were there any significant differences between them in ramal inclination and inclination of the SN plane with point B at the given time points (p=>0.05 in surgical changes in the mandible immediately after surgery and 0.397, 0.616, 0.082, 0.951, 0.901, 0.476 in postoperative changes in the mandible 1 week to 1 year after surgery). Like the conventional four-hole plate, the sliding plate can also be used to achieve stability in the fixation of mandibular bone segments after BSSRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - K J Agpoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - A N Besana
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - H K Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - H S Jang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - E S Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Kim YG, Song JB, Choi YH, Yang DG, Kim SG, Lee HG. Investigation on quench initiation and propagation characteristics of GdBCO coil co-wound with a stainless steel tape as turn-to-turn metallic insulation. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:114701. [PMID: 27910603 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the quench initiation and propagation characteristics of a metallic insulation (MI) coil by conducting thermal quench tests for a GdBCO single-pancake coil co-wound with a stainless steel tape as the turn-to-turn MI. The test results confirmed that the MI coil exhibited superior thermal and electrical stabilities compared to the conventional coils co-wound with organic insulation material because the operating current could flow along the radial direction due to the existence of a turn-to-turn contact when a local hot spot was generated. The results of the quench test at a heater current (Ih) of 12, 13, and 14 A indicate that the MI coil possesses a self-protecting characteristic resulting from the "current bypass" through the turn-to-turn contact. However, the test coil was not self-protecting at Ih = 15 A because the Joule heat energy generated by the radial current flow was not completely dissipated due to the characteristic resistance of the metallic insulation tape and the non-superconducting materials, including the substrate, stabilizer, and buffer layers within the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape. Even though the MI coil possesses superior thermal and electrical stability relative to those of conventional HTS coils co-wound with an organic material as turn-to-turn insulation, it is essential to consider the critical role of the Joule heat energy resulting from the operating current and stored magnetic energy as well as the characteristic resistances in order to further develop self-protective 2G HTS magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - J B Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Y H Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - D G Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - S G Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
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Choi YH, Song JB, Yang DG, Kim YG, Hahn S, Lee HG. A novel no-insulation winding technique of high temperature-superconducting racetrack coil for rotating applications: A progress report in Korea university. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:104704. [PMID: 27802736 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents our recent progress on core technology development for a megawatt-class superconducting wind turbine generator supported by the international collaborative R&D program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning. To outperform the current high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) magnet technology in the wind turbine industry, a novel no-insulation winding technique was first proposed to develop the second-generation HTS racetrack coil for rotating applications. Here, we briefly report our recent studies on no-insulation (NI) winding technique for GdBCO coated conductor racetrack coils in the following areas: (1) Charging-discharging characteristics of no-insulation GdBCO racetrack coils with respect to external pressures applied to straight sections; (2) thermal and electrical stabilities of no-insulation GdBCO racetrack coils encapsulated with various impregnating materials; (3) quench behaviors of no-insulation racetrack coils wound with GdBCO conductor possessing various lamination layers; (4) electromagnetic characteristics of no-insulation GdBCO racetrack coils under time-varying field conditions. Test results confirmed that this novel NI winding technique was highly promising. It could provide development of a compact, mechanically dense, and self-protecting GdBCO magnet for use in real-world superconducting wind turbine generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5 Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - J B Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5 Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - D G Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5 Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Y G Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5 Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - S Hahn
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5 Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
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Lee JS, Kim MJ, Park SH, Lee SB, Wang T, Jung US, Im J, Kim EJ, Lee KW, Lee HG. Effects of dietary mixture of garlic (Allium sativum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and probiotics on immune responses and caecal counts in young laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:e122-e132. [PMID: 27678135 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a combined mixture of phytogenic extracts (garlic and coriander) and probiotics on growth performance and immune responses in laying hens based on the results of in vitro studies to screen for immunomodulatory potency of each ingredient. Several parameters of immunomodulatory potency were estimated using lamina propria leucocytes (LPLs) isolated from rat intestinal mucosa tissue. Results show that the combined mixture enhanced LPLs proliferation, increased LPL-mediated cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumour cells, and decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in LPLs. For in vivo study, laying hens (n = 50/each diet group) were fed with control diet, a diet containing antibiotics (0.01% per kg feed) or the combined mixture (0.02% per kg feed) for 21 days. The dietary combined mixture improved egg production (p < 0.05) but not growth performance and carcass traits. Interestingly, the patterns of suppressing plasma IFN-γ productions during inflammation by LPS injection and decreasing caecal E. coli counts in the combined mixture group were comparable to those in the antibiotics group. Taken together, our results suggested that the 0.02% of combined mixture of phytogenic extracts and probiotics as ingredients has potential immunomodulatory effects in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - S B Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - U S Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Im
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - E J Kim
- Division of Animal Husbandry, College of Chonan Yonam, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Lim S, Kim WJ, Kim YH, Lee S, Koo JH, Lee JA, Kim HM, Park HJ, Kim DH, Lee HG, Yoon H, Kim JY, Shin JH, Kim LK, Doh J, Kim H, Bothwell AL, Lee SK, Suh M, Choi JM. BBB-permeable peptide conjugated cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 inhibits Th1 and Th17 responses and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.139.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most severe autoimmune disease, which cause severe inflammation in central nervous system (CNS). In the MS, CNS-infiltrating effector T cells are regarded that play critical roles. However, current drugs for MS could not targeting infiltrated T cells due to the limitations of drug delivery, which cannot penetrate blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver into the CNS. Here, we identified a novel BBB-permeable peptide, dNP2, which effectively delivered proteins into the CNS in vivo. It transduced cargo proteins into the cells with higher efficiency than other cargo delivery peptides. Moreover, it localized in resident neuron, astrocytes and microglia of the mouse brain through blood vessels by penetrating the BBB. Also, we found that dNP2 can deliver its cargo protein into the infiltrated T cells in the CNS of MOG35-55 immunized MS model mice. When we treated the dNP2-conjugated cytoplasmic domain of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (dNP2-ctCTLA-4), it efficiently downregulated cytokine production in activated T cells, and showed inhibitory impact on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in both preventive and therapeutic schemes. This was accompanied with reductions of demyelination and infiltration of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the CNS. This study suggests that dNP2 is a novel BBB-permeable peptide and that dNP2-ctCTLA-4 could be an effective agent for treating CNS inflammatory diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sohee Lee
- 2Ctr. for Neurosci. Imaging Res. (CNIR), Inst. for Basic Sci. (IBS), South Korea
- 3Samsung Advanced Inst. for Hlth. Sci. & Technol., South Korea
| | | | | | - Hye-Mi Kim
- 4Pohang Univ. of Sci. and Technol., South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junsang Doh
- 4Pohang Univ. of Sci. and Technol., South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Minah Suh
- 2Ctr. for Neurosci. Imaging Res. (CNIR), Inst. for Basic Sci. (IBS), South Korea
- 3Samsung Advanced Inst. for Hlth. Sci. & Technol., South Korea
- 6Sungkyunkwan Univ., South Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- 1Hanyang Univ., South Korea
- 2Ctr. for Neurosci. Imaging Res. (CNIR), Inst. for Basic Sci. (IBS), South Korea
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Yang DG, Choi YH, Kim YG, Song JB, Lee HG. Analytical and experimental investigation of electrical characteristics of a metallic insulation GdBCO coil. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:034701. [PMID: 27036797 DOI: 10.1063/1.4942911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents results, experimental and analytical, of the electrical characteristics of GdBCO single-pancake coils co-wound with a brass tape as metallic insulation (MI coil). The GdBCO pancakes were subjected to sudden discharge, charge-discharge, and over-current tests. The sudden discharge and charge-discharge test results of the MI coil demonstrated that MI coils can be charged and discharged significantly faster than non-insulated coils that are wound only with GdBCO tape. In over-current tests at 150 A (1.25I(c)), the MI coil exhibited better electrical behavior, i.e., self-protecting features, than its counterpart co-wound with Kapton tape, an insulator. Moreover, the experimental and analytical results are in agreement, validating the use of a concise equivalent parallel-RL circuit model for the MI coil to characterize its electrical behavior. Overall, the MI winding technique is highly promising to help build compact, mechanically robust, and self-protecting magnets composed of REBCO pancake coils. With no organic material in the winding, MI REBCO pancakes will be immune to neutron radiation damage, making the MI winding technique a viable option for fusion reactors, such as for toroidal field, poroidal field magnets, and central solenoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Y H Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Y G Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - J B Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
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Lee Y, Bok JD, Lee HJ, Lee HG, Kim D, Lee I, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Body Temperature Monitoring Using Subcutaneously Implanted Thermo-loggers from Holstein Steers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:299-306. [PMID: 26732455 PMCID: PMC4698711 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean±standard deviation [SD], 37.1°C to 37.36°C±0.91°C to 1.02°C). STs are 1.39°C to 1.65°C lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below 36.5°C or 37°C, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below 36.5°C or 37°C resulting in a much improved mean±SD of 37.6°C±0.64°C or 37.8°C±0.55°C, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - J D Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - D Kim
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - I Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - S K Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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Nguyen CT, Luong TT, Lee SY, Kim GL, Kwon H, Lee HG, Park CK, Rhee DK. Panax ginseng aqueous extract prevents pneumococcal sepsis in vivo by potentiating cell survival and diminishing inflammation. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:1055-1061. [PMID: 26407948 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of sepsis cases are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and hospital mortality related to sepsis comprises 52% of all hospital deaths. Therefore, sepsis is a medical emergency, and any treatment against the agent that produces it, is welcome. PURPOSE The role of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) aqueous extract in bacterial infection in vivo is not well understood. Here, the protective effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract against pneumococcal infection and sepsis was elucidated. STUDY DESIGN In this study, mice were administrated KRG (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) for 15 days, and then infected with a lethal S. pneumoniae strain. Survival rate, body weight, and colonization were determined. METHODS The RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were infected with S. pneumoniae and cell viability was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Inflammation was examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining while gene expression was determined using western blotting. RESULTS KRG-pre-treated mice (100 mg/kg of KRG) had significantly higher survival rates and body weights than those of the non-treated controls; KRG-pre-treated mice had lower bacterial number and morbidity than those of the non-treated controls. 100 mg/kg of KRG administration decreased cytokine levels including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (897 and 623 pg/ml, control and KRG groups, respectively, P < 0.05) and interleukin (IL)-1β (175 and 127 pg/ml, control and KRG groups, respectively, P = 0.051), nitric oxide level (149 and 81 nM, control and KRG groups, respectively, P < 0.05), and neutrophil infiltration 48 h post-infection, in vivo. In pneumococcal infection, KRG pre-treatment downregulated toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TNF-ɑ expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and increased cell survival by activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. CONCLUSION Taken together, 100 mg/kg of KRG appeared to protect host cells from lethal pneumococcal sepsis by inhibiting inflammation as well as by enhancing bacterial clearance thereby reinforcing cell survival against pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Thach Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Truc Thanh Luong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Lee Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogyoung Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Co., Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Kyu Park
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Co., Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Lim S, Kim WJ, Kim YH, Lee S, Koo JH, Lee JA, Yoon H, Kim DH, Park HJ, Kim HM, Lee HG, Yun Kim J, Lee JU, Hun Shin J, Kyun Kim L, Doh J, Kim H, Lee SK, Bothwell ALM, Suh M, Choi JM. dNP2 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable peptide enabling ctCTLA-4 protein delivery to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8244. [PMID: 26372309 PMCID: PMC4579786 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating effector T cells play critical roles in the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current drugs for MS are very limited due to the difficulty of delivering drugs into the CNS. Here we identify a cell-permeable peptide, dNP2, which efficiently delivers proteins into mouse and human T cells, as well as various tissues. Moreover, it enters the brain tissue and resident cells through blood vessels by penetrating the tightly organized blood-brain barrier. The dNP2-conjugated cytoplasmic domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) negatively regulates activated T cells and shows inhibitory effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in both preventive and therapeutic mouse models, resulting in the reduction of demyelination and CNS-infiltrating T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells. Thus, this study demonstrates that dNP2 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable peptide and dNP2-ctCTLA-4 could be an effective agent for treating CNS inflammatory diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ho Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &Technology (SAIHST), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Koo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseok Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Kim
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyou Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Alfred L M Bothwell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &Technology (SAIHST), Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Min Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Hong ZS, Kim EJ, Jin YC, Lee JS, Choi YJ, Lee HG. Effects of Supplementing Brown Seaweed By-products in the Diet of Holstein Cows during Transition on Ruminal Fermentation, Growth Performance and Endocrine Responses. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1296-302. [PMID: 26323519 PMCID: PMC4554870 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing brown seaweed by-products (BSB) in the diet of ruminants on ruminal fermentation characteristics, growth performance, endocrine response, and milk production in Holstein cows. In Experiment 1, the effects of different levels (0%, 2%, and 4% of basal diet as Control, 2% BSB, 4% BSB, respectively) of BSB were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h in vitro batch culture rumen fermentation. The pH tended to be higher for the higher level of BSB supplementation, with the pH at 12 h being significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was lower at 3, 9, 12, and 24 h incubation (p<0.05) compared with the control, and tended to be low at other incubation times. Volatile fatty acid concentration appeared to be minimally changed while lower values were observed with 4% BSB treatment at 24 h (p<0.05). In Experiment 2, effects of levels (0%, 2%, and 4%) of BSB on growth performance, endocrine responses and milk production were studied with Holstein dairy cows during transition. Dry matter intake, daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected by BSB supplementation. The concentration of plasma estrogen for the control, 2% BSB and 4% BSB after three months of pregnancy were 55.7, 94.1, and 72.3 pg/mL, respectively (p = 0.08). Although the differences of progesterone levels between BSB treatments and the control were minimal, the concentration in 4% BSB treatment increased to 157.7% compared with the initial level of the study. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were also higher after both three months and eight months of pregnancy than the initial level at the beginning of the study. In addition, BSB treatments during one month after delivery did not affect daily milk yield and composition. In conclusion, the present results indicate that supplementation of BSB did not compromise ruminal fermentation, and animal performance at lower levels and hence may have potential to be used as a safe feed ingredient in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Hong
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea
| | - E J Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 742-711, Korea
| | - Y C Jin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 140-701, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 140-701, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 140-701, Korea
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45
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Nattkemper LA, Lee HG, Valdes-Rodriguez R, Mollanazar NK, Sanders KM, Yosipovitch G. Cholinergic induction of perspiration attenuates nonhistaminergic pruritus in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy controls. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:282-4. [PMID: 25522660 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Nattkemper
- Department of Dermatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.,Temple Itch Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.,Temple Itch Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - R Valdes-Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.,Temple Itch Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - N K Mollanazar
- Department of Dermatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.,Temple Itch Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - K M Sanders
- Department of Dermatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.,Temple Itch Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - G Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.,Temple Itch Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
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46
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Choi JC, Kim J, Kang E, Lee JM, Cha J, Kim YJ, Lee HG, Choi JH, Yi DJ. Brain mechanisms of pain relief by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:92-105. [PMID: 25847717 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the exact mechanism of TENS pain relief is unknown, it is believed that TENS impulses interrupt nociceptive signals at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. AIMS To evaluate the hypotheses that during pain caused by noxious stimuli, brain responses, temporal summation and brain functional connectivity are modulated by TENS, and that mechanisms of pain relief by TENS differ between men and women. METHODS During fMRI scanning, the same noxious stimuli were delivered to each participant in pain-only and pain+TENS conditions. In the pain-only condition, noxious stimuli were presented without TENS. In the pain+TENS condition, participants received noxious stimuli and TENS concurrently. Participants were initially presented with TENS at an intensity that was just below that causing discomfort. TENS intensity was presented in a step-wise fashion to prevent temporal summation from repetitive noxious stimuli. RESULTS Pain and unpleasantness ratings were significantly higher in the pain-only than the pain+TENS condition. With non-painful TENS, primary and secondary somatosensory and parietal cortices were activated, and temporal summation from repetitive noxious stimuli was prevented. Periaqueductal gray (PAG) and lateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity was increased by TENS, and modulated by testosterone and cortisol. Women reported greater pain during TENS than men, and showed greater activation in the temporoparietal junction cortex and increased PAG functional connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSION TENS led to pain reduction, probably due to activation of the descending pain-inhibitory pathway, indicating that this TENS method may be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, Brain Research Group, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - E Kang
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - J-M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Cha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - J-H Choi
- Julie English Institute, Wonju, South Korea
| | - D-J Yi
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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47
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Seon CR, Hong JH, Jang J, Lee SH, Choe W, Lee HH, Cheon MS, Pak S, Lee HG, Biel W, Barnsley R. Test of prototype ITER vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer and its application to impurity study in KSTAR plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E403. [PMID: 25430310 DOI: 10.1063/1.4886430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the design of ITER vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer, a prototype VUV spectrometer was developed. The sensitivity calibration curve of the spectrometer was calculated from the mirror reflectivity, the grating efficiency, and the detector efficiency. The calibration curve was consistent with the calibration points derived in the experiment using the calibrated hollow cathode lamp. For the application of the prototype ITER VUV spectrometer, the prototype spectrometer was installed at KSTAR, and various impurity emission lines could be measured. By analyzing about 100 shots, strong positive correlation between the O VI and the C IV emission intensities could be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Seon
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J H Hong
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Gwahangno 335, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J Jang
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Gwahangno 335, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Gwahangno 335, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - W Choe
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Gwahangno 335, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H H Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M S Cheon
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - S Pak
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H G Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - W Biel
- Institut für Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh, EURATOM Association, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - R Barnsley
- ITER Organization, Cadarache Centre, 13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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48
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Kang DH, Kim KL, Kim YG, Park YJ, Kim WJ, Kim SH, Lee HG. Investigation of thermal and electrical stabilities of a GdBCO coil using grease as an insulation material for practical superconducting applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:094701. [PMID: 25273748 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the effects of thermal grease on the electrical and thermal characteristics of GdBCO pancake coils, observed through charge-discharge, sudden discharge, over-current, and thermal quench testing. In charge-discharge and sudden discharge tests, a coil using thermal grease as an insulation material demonstrated faster charging/discharging rates compared to a coil without turn-to-turn insulation. In the case of over-current tests, the coil using thermal grease exhibited the highest electrical stability. Furthermore, thermal quench testing showed the coil employing thermal grease to possess superior thermal characteristics, with rapid cooling and low temperature rise. Overall, the use of thermal grease as an insulation material may be a potential solution to the problems observed with the existing insulation materials, possessing fast charging/discharging rates with superior thermal and electrical stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - K L Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Y G Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Y J Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - W J Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University and ERI, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University and ERI, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong 5 ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
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Kim KS, Hwang YW, Lee HG, Won TY. A numerical study on the charge transport in TPD/Alq3-based organic light emitting diodes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:5839-5843. [PMID: 25936012 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report our simulation study on the charge transport characteristic of the multi-layer structure for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). We performed a numerical simulation on a multilayer structure comprising a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), and an electron transport layer (ETL) between both electrodes. The material of the HTL is TPD (N,N'-Bis (3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl) benzidine), and the ETL includes Alq3 (Tris (8-hyroxyquinolinato) aluminium). Here, we investigated the parameters such as recombination rates which influence the efficiency of the charge transport between layers in bilayer OLEDs. We also analyzed a transient response during the turn on/off period and the carrier transport in accordance with the variation of the injection barrier and applied voltage. In addition, our numerical simulation revealed that the insertion of the EML affects the photonic characteristics in bilayer structure and also the efficiency due to the difference in the internal barrier height.
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Shen YN, Kim SH, Yoon DH, Lee HG, Kang HS, Seo KS. Proteome Analysis of Bovine Longissimus dorsi Muscle Associated with the Marbling Score. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:1083-8. [PMID: 25049666 PMCID: PMC4092992 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The breeding value of marbling score in skeletal muscle is an important factor for evaluating beef quality. In the present study, we investigated proteins associated with the breeding value of the marbling score for bovine sirloin to select potential biomarkers to improve meat quality through comparative proteomic analysis. Proteins isolated from muscle were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After analyzing images of the stained gel, seven protein spots for the high marbling score group were identified corresponding to changes in expression that were at least two-fold compared to the low marbling score group. Four spots with increased intensities in the high marbling score group were identified as phosphoglycerate kinase 1, triosephophate isomerase, acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein PO, and capping protein (actin filament) Z-line alpha 2. Spots with decreased intensities in the high marbling score group compared to the low score group were identified as 14-3-3 epsilon, carbonic anhydrase II, and myosin light chain 1. Expression of myosin light chain 1 and carbonic anhydrase 2 was confirmed by Western blotting. Taken together, these data could help improve the economic performance of cattle and provide useful information about the underlying the function of bovine skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Shen
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Yoon
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, 386 Gajang-dong Sangju, Kyungpuk, 742-711, Korea
| | - H G Lee
- Department of Bio-Resources, Natural Resource and Life Science, Busan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - H S Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea
| | - K S Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea
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