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Wellauer H, Heuberger R, Gautier E, Tannast M, Steinke H, Wahl P. Reply to the Letter to the editor from Grappiolo G et al. to the article 'The History of the development of the regular straight stem in hip arthroplasty'. EFORT Open Rev 2024; 9:148-149. [PMID: 38306795 PMCID: PMC10873242 DOI: 10.1530/eor-23-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Wellauer
- Department of Orthopaedics, HFR Fribourg - Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Emanuel Gautier
- Department of Orthopaedics, HFR Fribourg - Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedics, HFR Fribourg - Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Steinke
- Institute for the History of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wahl
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Wellauer H, Heuberger R, Gautier E, Tannast M, Steinke H, Wahl P. The history of the development of the regular straight stem in hip arthroplasty. EFORT Open Rev 2023; 8:548-560. [PMID: 37395710 DOI: 10.1530/eor-22-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the middle of the 20th century, total hip arthroplasty has become a very successful treatment for all end-stage diseases of the hip joint. Charnley solved with his low frictional torque arthroplasty the problem of wear and friction with the introduction of a new bearing couple and the reduction of the head size, which set the prerequisite for the further development of stem design. This narrative review presents the major developments of regular straight stems in hip arthroplasty. It does not only provide an overview of the history but also assembles the generally scarce documentation available regarding the rationale of developments and illustrates often-unsuspected links. Charnley's success is based on successfully solving the issue of fixation of the prosthetic components to the bone, using bone cement made of polymethyl-methacrylate. In the field of cemented anchorage of the stem, two principles showing good long-term revision rates emerged over the years: the force-closed and the shape-closed principles. The non-cemented anchorage bases on prosthesis models ensure enough primary stability for osteointegration of the implant to occur. For bone to grow onto the surface, not only sufficient primary stability is required but also a suitable surface structure together with a biocompatible prosthetic material is also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Wellauer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, HFR Fribourg Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | - Emanuel Gautier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, HFR Fribourg Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, HFR Fribourg Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Steinke
- Institute for the History of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wahl
- Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Has C, Küsel J, Happle R, Steinke H, Technau-Hafsi K, Fischer J. Extending the phenotypic spectrum associated with mosaicism for GJB2 mutations. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:623-624. [PMID: 30816995 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Küsel
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Happle
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Steinke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Technau-Hafsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Fischer
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hauptstraße 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Wolf B, Wiersbicki D, Wolfskämpf T, Höckel M, Steinke H. Die PAS-Reaktion zur Darstellung der ontogenetischen Kompartimentgrenzen in pelvinen Großflächenschnitten: eine neue Methode. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Wolf
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Gynäkologie
| | | | | | - M Höckel
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Gynäkologie
| | - H Steinke
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität Leipzig
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Barras V, Steinke H. Conrad Gessner 1516-2016. Gesnerus 2016; 73:5-6. [PMID: 27349030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Klaas P, Steinke H, Unterkircher A. Daily Business: The Organization and Finances of Doctors' Practices. Medical Practice, 1600-1900 2016; 96:71-98. [PMID: 27132366 DOI: 10.1163/9789004303324_005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Mick E, Steinke H, Wolfskämpf T, Wieding J, Hammer N, Schulze M, Souffrant R, Bader R. Influence of short-term fixation with mixed formalin or ethanol solution on the mechanical properties of human cortical bone. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2015-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBone specimens obtained for biomechanical experiments are fresh-frozen for storage to slow down tissue degradation and autolysis in long-term storage. Alternatively, due to infectious risks related to the fresh tissues, fixative agents are commonly used. However, fixatives will likely change the mechanical properties of bone. Existing studies on this issue gave controversial results that are hardly comparable due to a variety of measurement approaches. For this reason, the influence of ethanol and a formalin-based fixative agent was evaluated on the mechanical properties of human cortical bone specimens by means of four-point-bending tests. 127 prismatic specimens with rectangular cross sections (2.5 x 2.5 x 20 mm3) were obtained from different regions of two fresh human femora (medial, lateral, dorsal, ventral). Specimens were either fixed in ethanol or in a mixed formalin solution or frozen following a given scheme. After two weeks of storage the samples were re-hydrated in isotonic saline and subsequently tested mechanically. The elastic bending modulus and ultimate bending strength were computed considering the actual dimensions of each specific specimen. For statistical analysis a one-way-ANOVA and an LSD post-hoc-test were performed. For ultimate bending strength no significant differences due to formalin or ethanol fixation, as compared to unfixed-fresh bone specimens could be found. And only for few cases significant differences in elastic bending modulus were observed when the two bones were evaluated separately. Since more differences of significant level due to the anatomical region of the samples were determined, the original location seems to have more influence on the evaluated mechanical properties than the method of (chemical) fixation. Consequently, ethanol and the mixed formalin solution can be recommended as a fixation agent for samples in biomechanical testing, if these samples are rinsed in isotonic saline prior to static mechanical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mick
- 1Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Lab, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - H. Steinke
- 2Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T. Wolfskämpf
- 2Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Wieding
- 3Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Lab, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - N. Hammer
- 2Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M. Schulze
- 4Department of Anatomy, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - R. Souffrant
- 3Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Lab, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - R. Bader
- 3Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Lab, Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Barras V, Condrau F, Steinke H. Wozu Medizingeschichte? Therapeutische Umschau 2015; 72:415-6. [DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
William Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood is often described as a product of the Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century. Modern research has, however, shown thatHarvey followed the Aristotelian research tradition and thus tried to reveal the purpose of the organs through examination of various animals. His publication of 1628 has to be read as an argument of natural philosophy, or, more precisely, as a series of linked observations, experiments and philosophical reasonings from which the existence of circulation has to be deduced as a logical consequence. Harvey did not consider experiments as superior to philosophical reasoning nor intended he to create a new system of medicine. He believed in the vitality of the heart and the blood and rejected Francis Bacon's empirism and the mechanistic rationalism of Descartes. Harvey's contribution and originality lied less in his single observations and experiments but in the manner how he linked them with critical reasoning and how he accepted, presented and defended the ensuing radical findings.
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Laufs R, Meents H, Steinke H. Experiments to vaccinate marmoset monkeys against malignant lymphoma. Bibl Haematol 2015:357-66. [PMID: 169814 DOI: 10.1159/000397553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humoral antibodies can be induced in cotton topped (CT) marmosets with killed Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) vaccines. The serum antibodies delayed, but did not prevent, malignant lymphoma in actively and passively immunized monkeys after inoculation with 10(3.8)TCID50 of cell-free HVS. Experiments are in progress to determine whether the vaccines are able to protect against smaller challenge dosages of HVS. The immunized monkeys were not resistant against transplantation of tumor cells. Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) did not protect against the tumors caused by superinfection with HVS. Attenuation of HVS was not achieved by passaging the HVS genome through different monkey species.
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Faber S, Riße S, Steinke H, Thome U, Stepan H. Monochorionic quadruplet pregnancy without severe complications: sonographic work-up and placental findings. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 41:707-708. [PMID: 23108787 DOI: 10.1002/uog.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Steinke H, Lang Y. Parochialism or self-consciousness? Internationality in medical history journals 1997-2006. Med Hist 2011; 55:523-538. [PMID: 22028500 PMCID: PMC3201667 DOI: 10.1017/s002572730000497x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research councils, universities and funding agencies are increasingly asking for tools to measure the quality of research in the humanities. One of their preferred methods is a ranking of journals according to their supposed level of internationality. Our quantitative survey of seventeen major journals of medical history reveals the futility of such an approach. Most journals have a strong national character with a dominance of native language, authors and topics. The most common case is a paper written by a local author in his own language on a national subject regarding the nineteenth or twentieth century. American and British journals are taken notice of internationally but they only rarely mention articles from other history of medicine journals. Continental European journals show a more international review of literature, but are in their turn not noticed globally. Increasing specialisation and fragmentation has changed the role of general medical history journals. They run the risk of losing their function as international platforms of discourse on general and theoretical issues and major trends in historiography, to international collections of papers. Journal editors should therefore force their authors to write a more international report, and authors should be encouraged to submit papers of international interest and from a more general, transnational and methodological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Steinke
- Institute for the History of Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Neugebauer R, Werner M, Voigt C, Steinke H, Scholz R, Scherer S, Quickert M. Experimental modal analysis on fresh-frozen human hemipelvic bones employing a 3D laser vibrometer for the purpose of modal parameter identification. J Biomech 2011; 44:1610-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Böhme J, Steinke H, Huelse R, Hammer N, Klink T, Slowik V, Josten C. Komplexe ligamentäre Instabilitäten nach „open book“-Verletzungen des Beckenrings – Finite-Elemente-Computersimulation und Bruchversuch. Z Orthop Unfall 2010; 149:83-9. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hammer N, Steinke H, Böhme J, Stadler J, Josten C, Spanel-Borowski K. Description of the iliolumbar ligament for computer-assisted reconstruction. Ann Anat 2010; 192:162-7. [PMID: 20382512 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The iliolumbar ligament (IL) was examined using morphometric and virtual methods. OBJECTIVES A macroscopic study was performed to measure the anterior (AIL) and the posterior part of the IL (PIL). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Though being a widely accepted cause of low back pain and lumbosacral instability, the IL is neglected in computer-based biomechanical studies due to the lack of morphometric information. METHODS Frozen sections prepared from 29 human subjects were measured and 7-tesla MR images made to distinguish the AIL and PIL. Cuboids were designated as geometric figures to both parts of the ligament, allowing computer-based calculations of length, surface, volume and angle of positional relationships. RESULTS Based on 7-tesla MR imaging, virtual reconstruction was conducted for one male pelvis, including the IL. While left- and right-side parameters varied at a statistically significant level, no gender-dependencies could be determined. Lengths of 30 and 25 mm were measured for the AIL and PIL, as well as heights of 17-19 mm, respectively, and a thickness of 4mm. CONCLUSIONS Correlations between the side-dependent parameters and the AIL and the PIL of the same side indicate close functional relationships. Additional dependencies suggest that the IL is capable of compensating age-related as well as bone-attributed alterations in lumbosacral morphology. The IL data and the visualised ligament structures contribute to determination of the influence of the IL in spinal and sacroiliac stability by means of computer-assisted biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hammer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Hammer N, Steinke H, Slowik V, Josten C, Stadler J, Böhme J, Spanel-Borowski K. The sacrotuberous and the sacrospinous ligament – A virtual reconstruction. Ann Anat 2009; 191:417-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Steinke H. [Sickness in context. Family's, scholars' and patients' letters in the 18th century]. Med Ges Gesch Beih 2007; 29:35-267. [PMID: 18354981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Letters represent the most important type of source where patients of the early modern period record their feelings, thoughts and behaviour. It is therefore crucial to put them into context and identify the author's reasons for writing. Consultation letters written to physicians can be distinguished from family letters or letters exchanged between members of the Republic of Letters. The way patients write about their illness is largely determined by the main reason for the letter. Family members want, for instance, to inform their relatives about the general situation of the household. News about the state of health of family and kin is an essential part of such accounts. Though usually sparse in detail, information about health is offered regularly in order to free addressees from uncertainty. Among learned men, accounts of sickness are mostly brief and described as "inconveniences", as distractions from the pursuit of learning. Neither in family letters nor in learned correspondence should superficial descriptions of illness be considered as a sign of superficial relationships.
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Steinke H. Irritating experiments. Haller's concept and the European controversy on irritability and sensibility, 1750-90. Clio Med 2005; 76:7-343. [PMID: 16288690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Thomas M, Steinke H, Schulz T. A direct comparison of MR images and thin-layer plastination of the shoulder in the apprehension-test position. Surg Radiol Anat 2004; 26:110-7. [PMID: 14605751 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-003-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Accepted: 05/13/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Until now, patients with a shoulder instability being examined using magnetic resonance imaging have been placed in a position with the arm adducted or in the ABER position, as a result of the way conventional MR systems are built. Magnetic resonance systems with an open configuration have made it possible, for the first time, to examine patients in the apprehension-test position, which is a representative diagnostic position for anterior shoulder instability. This new examination position requires an exact understanding of layered imaging anatomy in order to clearly identify MR structures. The purpose of this study is to make possible a direct comparison of the respective abilities of MR cross-section imaging and thin-layer plastination to clearly identify all MR structures of the shoulder positioned in the apprehension-test position. The two shoulders of a body donor were separated and stored in special position supports in the apprehension-test position. The magnetic resonance examination was carried out using a vertically open 0.5-T MR system (Signa SP/i, General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). The following sequences were used: 2D GRE, TR 42.5 ms, TE 20 ms, layer width 3 mm, matrix 512x512, FOV 24 cm. The coronary und transversal MR cross-section segments were subsequently planned in conjunction with thin-layer plastination for both shoulders. Using a direct comparison of MR images with the corresponding thin-layer plastination, it was possible to clearly identify all MR structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thomas
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universität Leipzig, Semmelweisstrasse 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Steinke H. Why, what and how? Editing early modern scientific letters in the 21st century. Gesnerus 2004; 61:282-95. [PMID: 15889708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Steinke
- Medizinhistorisches Institut, Bühlstrasse 26, CH-3009 Bern.
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Steinke H, Stuber M. Medical correspondence in early modern Europe. An introduction. Gesnerus 2004; 61:139-60. [PMID: 15889702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Steinke
- Medizinhistorisches Institut, Bühlstrasse 26, CH-3009 Bern.
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Abstract
Plastinated body slices provide a higher resolution than photos taken from frozen objects as obtained for the "Visible Human Project". The impregnation with curable polymer gives those slices transparency. Since the thickness of a plastinated slice determines its optical resolution, very thin plastinated slices are necessary for comparison with MRT-images (MRIs) of high quality. The present technical note describes how very thin plastinated slices can be prepared by modification of the classical plastination technique and for comparison with MRI. Having labelled the object's planes recorded as MRIs, we, for the first time, plastinated 800 microm thick body slices superior in resolution to the corresponding MRIs, confirming and extending their structures. Thus, very thin plastinated body slices can be regarded as a helpful tool for radiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Steinke
- Department of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Abstract
The Spalteholz technique for producing clear macroscopic specimens was introduced 100 years ago, and is still in use today because it immediately provides transparent three-dimensional specimens. The classical clearing procedure with peroxide severely damages formalin-fixed tissue and inhibits further investigation on a histological level. We, therefore, wanted to make a transparent specimen by a modified Spalteholz method and chose the human larynx as an example of a large specimen. Its blood vessels were injected with gelatin, the specimen treated with acetone and peracetic acid and subjected to freeze substitution. After complete dehydration, benzyl benzoate and dimethylphthalate were used for impregnation. The cleared specimen satisfactorily revealed the laryngeal blood vessels and such structures as muscles, cartilage and the thyroid gland. The histology of the laryngeal glands, thyroid tissue, and infrahyoid muscle fibres was preserved. Tissue shrinkage became apparent with subsequent steps of the clearing procedure. We conclude that our modifications maintain the transparency of the specimen and allow histological investigation. The herein described technique thus constitutes an improvement of the classical Spalteholz technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Steinke
- Department of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Steinke H. ["The honor of being right": Experiment and theory in the dispute over the doctrine of irritability]. Sudhoffs Arch 1998; 82:141-69. [PMID: 10067424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In the middle of the 18th century the leading physiological concepts shift from mechanism to vitalism. The turning point of this change is Albrecht von Haller's Dissertation on the irritable parts (1752/53). The decisive discussion about irritability takes place between strictly empirical Hallerians and their opponents who try to build new medical systems on this property. Hence, the debate is also about experiment and theory. The 'sociology of scientific knowledge' furnishes models and theories that help us to conceive the argumentations and strategies of the leading figures. Thus, we understand why even Haller--the 'founder of modern experimental physiology'--has to allow general conclusions and to support vitalistic interpretations if he wants to succeed with some of his views. Only in its modified form the 'Irritabilitas Halleriana' meets the interest needed for dissemination.
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Abstract
Mesenchymal and epithelial human malignancies were examined in the simultaneous detection test for the presence of particles with 70 S RNA and reverse transcriptase. Out of the 23 tumors tested 14 were found to be positive (61%). The finding that 2 uterine cancers contained 70 S RNA and reverse transcriptase indicates that uterine cancers may belong to the list of malignancies where the involvement of oncornaviruses is suspected. Out of the 10 human sarcomas examined in this study 4 were shown to contain particles with properties of oncornaviruses.
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Laufs R, Steinke H. Vaccination of nonhuman primates with killed oncogenic herpesviruses. Cancer Res 1976; 36:704-6. [PMID: 175929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Killed herpesvirus cancer vaccines were prepared by inactivation of oncogenic herpesviruses (Herpesvirus saimiri and Herpesvirus ateles) with heat and formaldehyde. The killed vaccines, which are not free of viral nucleic acid, were safe in 121 vaccinated monkeys of 4 different species. Some of these monkeys have now been under observation for 2 years. The vaccines induced high titers of specific humoral antibodies in all vaccinated monkeys. The killed vaccines proved to be efficient against the i.m. challenge with cell-free oncogenic herpesviruses. The challenged animals remained clinically well without signs of an infection and have now been under observation for 1 year, while the nonvaccinated control monkeys died of malignant lymphoma 34 to 52 days after inoculation. The protection against H. saimiri could be passively transmitted with the serum of the vaccinated monkeys. The vaccination did not prevent but delayed tumor development after tumor cell transplantation. The resistance against the oropharyngeal route of infection remains to be determined.
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Laufs R, Steinke H. Prevention of herpes-associated malignancies in primates: problems and prospects. Hamatol Bluttransfus 1976; 19:457-60. [PMID: 188731 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-87524-3_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
A killed herpesvirus vaccine was prepared by inactivation of the oncogenic Herpesvirus ateles (HVA) with heat and formaldehyde. The vaccine proved safe in 9 marmosets (Saguinus oedipus) during a period of 461 days. The vaccinated marmosets developed high titers of serum antibodies against HVA and were resistant to 316 lethal dose 50 (LD50) cell-free HVA; the nonvaccinated control monkeys died of malignant lymphoma. The 5 challenged monkeys are clinically well and have now been under observation for 362 days.
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Steinke H, Laufs R, Perings E, Junge U. The effect of an immunosuppressive drug (azathioprine) on the latent infection of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) with the oncogenic Herpesvirus saimiri. Med Microbiol Immunol 1975; 161:171-4. [PMID: 170499 DOI: 10.1007/bf02121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Callithrix jacchus (CJ) marmoset monkeys can be latently infected with Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). In order to determine whether this resistance to the oncogenic potential of HVS could be due to the immune surveillance, azathioprine, a known immunosuppressive drug, was given to 7 latently infected CJ marmosets. The animals died within 147 days probably from side effect caused by azathioprine, but no animal developed a tumor.
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Laufs R, Steinke H. No evidence for particles encapsulating RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and high molecular weight virus-related RNA in herpesvirus induced tumours of non-human primates. J Gen Virol 1975; 27:239-45. [PMID: 49397 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-27-2-239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous detection test gave no evidence for the presence of RNA tumour viruses in herpesvirus induced malignant lymphomas of non-human primates. The 12 tumours tested were obtained from three different monkey species inoculated with Herpesvirus saimiri or herpesvirus ateles. Particles encapsulating RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and high mol. wt. virus-related RNA were easily demonstrated in tumours of the mouse induced by type-C or type-B oncornaviruses and in human lymphoid cells infected with simian sarcoma virus type I which were examined in parallel. Attempts to demonstrate partial expression of an oncornavirus genome in the herpesvirus induced tumours and attempts to detect an interspecies antigen related to monkey oncornaviruses were negative and strengthened the observations made with the simultaneous detection test.
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Laufs R, Steinke H, Jacobs C, Hilfenhaus J, Karges H. Influence of interferon on the replication of oncogenic herpesviruses in tissue cultures and in nonhuman primates. Med Microbiol Immunol 1974; 160:285-94. [PMID: 4449516 DOI: 10.1007/bf02121444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Laufs R, Steinke H, Steinke G, Petzold D. Latent infection and malignant lymphoma in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) after infection with two oncogenic herpesviruses from primates. J Natl Cancer Inst 1974; 53:195-9. [PMID: 4365908 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/53.1.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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