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Marks F, Im J, Park SE, Pak GD, Jeon HJ, Wandji Nana LR, Phoba MF, Mbuyi-Kalonji L, Mogeni OD, Yeshitela B, Panzner U, Cruz Espinoza LM, Beyene T, Owusu-Ansah M, Twumasi-Ankrah S, Yeshambaw M, Alemu A, Adewusi OJ, Adekanmbi O, Higginson E, Adepoju A, Agbi S, Cakpo EG, Ogunleye VO, Tunda GN, Ikhimiukor OO, Mbuyamba J, Toy T, Agyapong FO, Osei I, Amuasi J, Razafindrabe TJL, Raminosoa TM, Nyirenda G, Randriamampionona N, Seo HW, Seo H, Siribie M, Carey ME, Owusu M, Meyer CG, Rakotozandrindrainy N, Sarpong N, Razafindrakalia M, Razafimanantsoa R, Ouedraogo M, Kim YJ, Lee J, Zellweger RM, Kang SSY, Park JY, Crump JA, Hardy L, Jacobs J, Garrett DO, Andrews JR, Poudyal N, Kim DR, Clemens JD, Baker SG, Kim JH, Dougan G, Sugimoto JD, Van Puyvelde S, Kehinde A, Popoola OA, Mogasale V, Breiman RF, MacWright WR, Aseffa A, Tadesse BT, Haselbeck A, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Teferi M, Bassiahi AS, Okeke IN, Lunguya-Metila O, Owusu-Dabo E, Rakotozandrindrainy R. Incidence of typhoid fever in Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, and Nigeria (the Severe Typhoid in Africa programme): a population-based study. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e599-e610. [PMID: 38485427 PMCID: PMC10951957 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typhoid Fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income settings. The Severe Typhoid in Africa programme was designed to address regional gaps in typhoid burden data and identify populations eligible for interventions using novel typhoid conjugate vaccines. METHODS A hybrid design, hospital-based prospective surveillance with population-based health-care utilisation surveys, was implemented in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients presenting with fever (≥37·5°C axillary or ≥38·0°C tympanic) or reporting fever for three consecutive days within the previous 7 days were invited to participate. Typhoid fever was ascertained by culture of blood collected upon enrolment. Disease incidence at the population level was estimated using a Bayesian mixture model. FINDINGS 27 866 (33·8%) of 82 491 participants who met inclusion criteria were recruited. Blood cultures were performed for 27 544 (98·8%) of enrolled participants. Clinically significant organisms were detected in 2136 (7·7%) of these cultures, and 346 (16·2%) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were isolated. The overall adjusted incidence per 100 000 person-years of observation was highest in Kavuaya and Nkandu 1, Democratic Republic of the Congo (315, 95% credible interval 254-390). Overall, 46 (16·4%) of 280 tested isolates showed ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility. INTERPRETATION High disease incidence (ie, >100 per 100 000 person-years of observation) recorded in four countries, the prevalence of typhoid hospitalisations and complicated disease, and the threat of resistant typhoid strains strengthen the need for rapid dispatch and implementation of effective typhoid conjugate vaccines along with measures designed to improve clean water, sanitation, and hygiene practices. FUNDING The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, South Korea; Yonsei University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyon Jin Jeon
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Marie-France Phoba
- Department of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Medical Biology, Microbiology Service, University Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Lisette Mbuyi-Kalonji
- Department of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Medical Biology, Microbiology Service, University Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | | | | | - Tigist Beyene
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Michael Owusu-Ansah
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sampson Twumasi-Ankrah
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Ashenafi Alemu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olukemi Adekanmbi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ellen Higginson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Akinlolu Adepoju
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Agbi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Enoch G Cakpo
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Veronica O Ogunleye
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gaëlle Nkoji Tunda
- Department of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Faculty of Medicine, Congo Protestant University, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Odion O Ikhimiukor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jules Mbuyamba
- Department of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Medical Biology, Microbiology Service, University Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Trevor Toy
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Francis Opoku Agyapong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Osei
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia; Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John Amuasi
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Tiana Mirana Raminosoa
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | - Hyejin Seo
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Megan E Carey
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael Owusu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Centre for Health System Strengthening (CfHSS), Kumasi, Ghana; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nimarko Sarpong
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Jooah Lee
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Ju Yeon Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liselotte Hardy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Jason R Andrews
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - John D Clemens
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen G Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan D Sugimoto
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Cooperative Studies Program, Office of Research and Development, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA USA
| | - Sandra Van Puyvelde
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Aderemi Kehinde
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi A Popoola
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Robert F Breiman
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Iruka N Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Octavie Lunguya-Metila
- Department of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Medical Biology, Microbiology Service, University Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Pak GD, Haselbeck AH, Seo HW, Osei I, Amuasi J, Breiman RF, Cruz Espinosa LM, Holm M, Im J, Jang GH, Jeon HJ, Luby SP, Lunguya-Metila O, MacWright W, Mogeni OD, Okeke IN, Owusu-Dabo E, Park JK, Park SE, Popoola O, Seo HJ, Soura AB, Teferi M, Toy T, Chon Y, Rafindrakalia M, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Meyer CG, Marks F, Panzner U. The HPAfrica protocol: Assessment of health behaviour and population-based socioeconomic, hygiene behavioural factors - a standardised repeated cross-sectional study in multiple cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021438. [PMID: 30573477 PMCID: PMC6303690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of the Health Population Africa (HPAfrica) study is to determine health behaviour and population-based factors, including socioeconomic, ethnographic, hygiene and sanitation factors, at sites of the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) programme. SETA aims to investigate healthcare facility-based fever surveillance in Burkina Faso, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar and Nigeria. Meaningful disease burden estimates require adjustment for health behaviour patterns, which are assumed to vary among a study population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS For the minimum sample size of household interviews required, the assumptions of an infinite population, a design effect and age-stratification and sex-stratification are considered. In the absence of a population sampling frame or household list, a spatial approach will be used to generate geographic random points with an Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System tool. Printouts of Google Earth Pro satellite imagery visualise these points. Data of interest will be assessed in different seasons by applying population-weighted stratified sampling. An Android-based application and a web service will be developed for electronic data capturing and synchronisation with the database server in real time. Sampling weights will be computed to adjust for possible differences in selection probabilities. Descriptive data analyses will be performed in order to assess baseline information of each study population and age-stratified and sex-stratified health behaviour. This will allow adjusting disease burden estimates. In addition, multivariate analyses will be applied to look into associations between health behaviour, population-based factors and the disease burden as determined in the SETA study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethic approvals for this protocol were obtained by the Institutional Review Board of the International Vaccine Institute (No. 2016-0003) and by all collaborating institutions of participating countries. It is anticipated to disseminate findings from this study through publication on a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Deok Pak
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyeong Won Seo
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Isaac Osei
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana, Africa
| | - John Amuasi
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Ghana, Africa
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Robert F Breiman
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Marianne Holm
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin Im
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hyeog Jang
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon Jin Jeon
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen P Luby
- Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Octavie Lunguya-Metila
- Service de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicales, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Iruka N Okeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jin Kyung Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oluwafemi Popoola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hye Jin Seo
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdramane Bassiahi Soura
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Trevor Toy
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chon
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Christian G Meyer
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Swiss Tropical and Public HealthInstitute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Seo HW, Park HW, Lee KH, Ahn JH, Yu JE, Yoon NS, Cho JG. Intermittent, subtle change of ST segment in narrow QRS regular tachycardia. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:791-3. [PMID: 27320615 PMCID: PMC4939499 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Won Seo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
- Correspondence to Hyung Wook Park, M.D. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea Tel: +82-62-220-6572 Fax: +82-62-223-3105 E-mail:
| | - Ki Hong Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Ahn
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nam Sik Yoon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Kim HK, Jeong MH, Seo HW, Ahn JH, Cho KH, Hong YJ, Kim JH, Ahn Y, Cho JG, Park JC, Park KW, Kim HS, Lee SR, Chae JK. Clinical impacts of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein reduction for secondary prevention in Asian patients with one-year survivor after acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2015; 193:20-2. [PMID: 26005168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kuk Kim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, South Korea
| | | | | | - Joon Ho Ahn
- Chonnam National University Hospital, South Korea
| | | | | | - Ju Han Kim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Sang Rok Lee
- Chonbuk National University Hospital, South Korea
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Oh KS, Lee JH, Yi KY, Lim CJ, Lee S, Park CH, Seo HW, Lee BH. The orally active urotensin receptor antagonist, KR36676, attenuates cellular and cardiac hypertrophy. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2618-33. [PMID: 25597918 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blockade of the actions of urotensin-II (U-II) mediated by the urotensin (UT) receptor should improve cardiac function and prevent cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease. Here, we have evaluated the pharmacological properties of the recently identified UT receptor antagonist, 2-(6,7-dichloro-3-oxo-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4(3H)-yl)-N-methyl-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(4-(thiophen-3-yl)phenyl) ethyl)acetamide (KR36676). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pharmacological properties of KR36676 were studied in a range of in vitro assays (receptor binding, calcium mobilization, stress fibre formation, cellular hypertrophy) and in vivo animal models such as cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or myocardial infarction (MI). KEY RESULTS KR36676 displayed high binding affinity for the UT receptor (Ki : 0.7 nM), similar to that of U-II (0.4 nM), and was a potent antagonist at that receptor (IC50 : 4.0 nM). U-II-induced stress fibre formation and cellular hypertrophy were significantly inhibited with low concentrations of KR36676 (≥0.01 μM). Oral administration of KR36676 (30 mg·kg(-1) ) in a TAC model in mice attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, KR36676 restored cardiac function and myocyte size in rats with MI-induced cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A highly potent UT receptor antagonist exerted anti-hypertrophic effects not only in infarcted rat hearts but also in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts. KR36676 could be a valuable pharmacological tool in elucidating the complicated physiological role of U-II and UT receptors in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Oh
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Ahn JH, Kim HK, Kim JY, Won J, Seo HW, Hong YJ, Kim JH, Jeong MH, Cho JG, Park JC, Cho SH, Ahn Y. The Impacts of Living Alone in in-Hospital and One-Year Clinical Outcomes after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korean Patients. J Lipid Atheroscler 2015. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2015.4.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kuk Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Yoon Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jumin Won
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyeong Won Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Chun Park
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sook Hee Cho
- Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Chang J, Choi H, Seo HW, Kim MC, Kim HK, Ahn Y, Jeong MH. A Case of Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention by Fractional Flow Reserve and 13N-Ammonia Positron Emission Tomography. J Lipid Atheroscler 2015. [DOI: 10.12997/jla.2015.4.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsun Chang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyeong Won Seo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kuk Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Rengaraj D, Lee BR, Choi JW, Lee SI, Seo HW, Kim TH, Choi HJ, Song G, Han JY. Gene pathways and cell cycle-related genes in cultured avian primordial germ cells. Poult Sci 2013; 91:3167-77. [PMID: 23155027 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGC) from early embryos are applicable to various kinds of research, including the production of transgenic animals. Primordial germ cells eventually migrate and differentiate into germ cells in the gonads, where they settle and rapidly proliferate. However, the proliferation rate of PGC is low in early embryos, and there are many significant pathways that mediate PGC activity. Therefore, in vitro culture of PGC from early embryos with efficient growth factors has been necessary. Recently, we cultured chicken PGC from embryonic d 2.5 with basic fibroblast growth factor and characterized the PGC through analysis of cell morphology, survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, large-scale analyses of genes expressed in cultured PGC and the genes involved in associated pathways are limited. The objective of the present investigation was to identify the signaling and metabolic pathways of expressed genes by microarray comparison between PGC and their somatic counterpart, chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF). We identified 795 genes that were expressed more predominantly in PGC and 824 genes that were expressed more predominantly in CEF. Among the predominant genes in PGC, 201 were differentially identified in 106 pathways. Among the predominant genes in CEF, 242 were differentially identified in 99 pathways. To further validate the genes involved in at least one candidate pathway, those involved in the cell cycle (12 predominant genes in PGC and 8 predominant genes in CEF) were examined by real-time PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate signaling and metabolic pathways in cultured PGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Han K, Seo HW, Oh Y, Kang I, Park C, Chae C. Comparison of the virulence of European and North American genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected pigs. Vet J 2012; 195:313-8. [PMID: 22831992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of Korean types 1 and 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolated from weaned pigs with respiratory disease. Affected pigs were within the same herd and animals infected with type 2 virus had significantly higher mean rectal temperatures than those with type 1 virus between days 2 and 9 post-inoculation (P<0.05). Similarly, mean serum viral titres, expressed as tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID50)/mL, as well as macroscopic and microscopic pulmonary lesion scores, were significantly higher at multiple time points in pigs infected with type 2 PRRSV compared to those infected with type 1 virus. Mean numbers of PRRSV-positive cells/unit area of lungs and lymph nodes were also significantly higher in type 2 PRRSV infected pigs. This study demonstrates that type 2 PRRSV is more virulent than type 1 PRRSV in this experimental setting as reflected by the pulmonary pathology induced, the extent of virus distribution, and oral shedding of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Han
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Han K, Seo HW, Oh Y, Kang I, Park C, Chae C. Pathogenesis of Korean type 1 (European genotype) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected pigs. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:275-84. [PMID: 22316433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of experimental infection with Korean type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by defining the virus distribution, sites of viral replication, viraemia and gross and microscopical lesions in conventional pigs studied for 28 days after intranasal inoculation. Mean rectal temperature was significantly higher in infected pigs than in negative control pigs at 2 days post inoculation (dpi) (P=0.004), 3 dpi (P<0.001), 4 dpi (P=0.003) and 5 dpi (P=0.034). The log(10)TCID(50)/ml of type 1 PRRSV increased significantly at 0-1 dpi (P=0.024) and 5-7 dpi (P=0.029), but decreased at 10-14 dpi (P=0.026) and 14-21 dpi (P=0.012) in infected pigs. Infected pigs developed multifocal, tan-mottled areas of lung tissue with irregular and indistinct borders. Microscopical lesions, when present, were multifocal, mild to moderate, generally most extensive at 5-7 dpi (P=0.036), and were nearly resolved at 28 dpi. Type 1 PRRSV nucleic acid and antigen were detected exclusively within the cytoplasm of macrophages and type I and II pneumocytes. The score for PRRSV-positive cells increased at 3-7 dpi (P<0.05) and decreased at 10-14 dpi (P=0.034) in infected pigs. Thus, respiratory disease was reproduced in conventional pigs by infection with Korean type 1 PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Han
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Kim CH, Oh Y, Han K, Seo HW, Kim D, Park C, Kang I, Chae C. Expression of secreted and membrane-bound mucins in the airways of piglets experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet J 2011; 192:120-2. [PMID: 21652241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate secreted mucins MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B and membrane-bound mucin MUC4 in the pulmonary bronchioles of piglets experimentally infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Conventional status, Landrace-Duroc cross-bred piglets, 13 days of age, were randomised to two groups. One group (n=20) was infected by the intra-tracheal route with the SNU98703 strain of M. hyopneumoniae, and a group of 12 animals acted as uninfected controls. Five infected and three uninfected piglets were euthanased on the day of infection and at 7, 21, and 35 days post-inoculation (PI). Membrane-bound MUC4 and secreted MUC5AC were the predominant mucins produced in the bronchioles of the piglets in response to M. hyopneumoniae infection, but by day 35 PI, all labelled mucins had returned to pre-infection levels, contemporaneous with reduced pulmonary lesion scores. The increased mucin production may result from direct stimulation of the epithelium by mycoplasmal infection, or may arise indirectly following M. hyopneumoniae-induced ciliostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kim
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-Gu, 151-742 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim D, Kim CH, Han K, Seo HW, Oh Y, Park C, Kang I, Chae C. Comparative efficacy of commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines in pigs experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2. Vaccine 2011; 29:3206-12. [PMID: 21354247 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacies of two commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines were compared in conventional pigs immunized at different ages based on humoral response, pathological observation, and growth performance from birth to finishing (175 days of age) using a M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2 co-infection challenge model. One-week-old pigs (n=110) were randomly assigned to five groups: three vaccinated and challenged (VC), and one each of non-vaccinated and challenged (NVC) and negative control. A significant difference was found in the number of genomic copies of M. hyopneumoniae in nasal swabs and PCV2 in serum samples, the average daily weight gain (gram/pig/day) between 63 and 133 dpi, gross and histopathological lung lesion scores, histopathological lymph node lesion scores, and the immunohistochemical analysis of PCV2 among the three VC groups. The single dose schedule for M. hyopneumoniae bacterins and PCV2 vaccines have the advantages of (i) improving daily weight gain (122.4%) and slaughter weight (120.5%), and (ii) reducing the incidence of clinical signs and lung and lymph node lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Seo HW, Norman DP, Yuan L, Tu LW, Chiang SY. Photoluminescence properties of non-tapered InN nanorods grown by plasma-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor phase deposition. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:6783-6786. [PMID: 21137797 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully grown non-tapered InN nanorods on Si substrate using an RF plasma assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. Employment of 50 W nitrogen plasma reduces the optimal growth temperature to 500 degrees C. In order to study the temperature dependent bandgap and thermal quenching mechanism in relation to the localized states, photoluminescence measurement over a temperature range from 7 to 160 K are conducted. The photoluminescence at 7 K shows a strong near-band-emission energy of 0.682 eV with a narrow band width of 0.027 eV, which reveals excellent optical and structural qualities of the InN nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, USA
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Yoo SE, Yi KY, Lee S, Suh J, Kim N, Lee BH, Seo HW, Kim SO, Lee DH, Lim H, Shin HS. A novel anti-ischemic ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) opener without vasorelaxation: N-(6-aminobenzopyranyl)-N'-benzyl-N' '-cyanoguanidine analogue. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4207-15. [PMID: 11708922 DOI: 10.1021/jm010183f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel anti-ischemic compound, (2S,3S,4R)-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-2-dimethoxymethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-benzopyranyl)-N'-benzyl-N"-cyanoguanidine (33), and the structure-activity relationships leading to the discovery of this compound. Compound 33 significantly reduced the myocardial infarct zone to area at risk (IZ/AAR) in the ischemic myocardium rat model with high cardioselectivity. Since the cardioprotective effect of compound 33 is reversed by ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) blockers, its anti-ischemic effect appears to be at least mediated by K(ATP) opening. In addition, compound 33 shows good protective activity on neuronal cells against oxidative stress, and therefore it is suggested that compound 33 may have therapeutic potential both in cardio- and in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Yoo
- Bioorganic Division and Screening and Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejon 305-600, Korea.
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Lee BH, Lee SH, Jung YS, Seo HW, Yoo SE, Shin HS. Pharmacological characterization of KR-30988, a novel non-peptide AT1 receptor antagonist, in rat, rabbit and dog. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51:1191-200. [PMID: 10579691 DOI: 10.1211/0022357991776732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological profile of KR-30988, a non-peptide AT1-selective angiotensin receptor antagonist, has been investigated by use of a variety of experimental models in-vitro and in-vivo. KR-30988 inhibited the specific binding of [125I][Sar1, Ile8]-angiotensin II to the recombinant AT1 receptor from man with a potency similar to that of losartan (IC50 values, the concentrations of drugs displacing 50% of specific binding, 13.6 and 12.3 nM, respectively), but did not inhibit the binding of [125I]CGP 42112A to recombinant AT2 receptor from man (IC50 >10 microM for both drugs). Scatchard analysis showed that KR-30988 interacted competitively with recombinant AT1 receptor from man in the same manner as losartan. In functional studies with rat and rabbit aorta, KR-30988 noncompetitively inhibited the contractile response to angiotensin II (pD2, = -log EC50 (where EC50 is the dose resulting in 50% of a reference contraction), 8.64 and 7.73, respectively) with a 20-85% decrease in the maximum contractile responses, unlike losartan. In pithed rats intravenous KR-30988 resulted in a non-parallel shift to the right of the dose-pressor response curve to angiotensin II (ID50 value, the dose inhibiting the pressor response to angiotensin II by 50%, 0.09 mg kg(-1)) with a dose-dependent reduction in the maximum responses; in this antagonistic effect KR-30988 was 20 times (approx.) more potent than losartan (ID50 1-74 mg kg(-1)). In conscious renal hypertensive rats oral administration of KR-30988 produced a dose-dependent and long-lasting (>24 h) anti-hypertensive effect; the potency was six times that of losartan (ED30 values, the dose reducing mean arterial blood pressure by 30 mmHg, 0.48 and 2.97 mg kg(-1), respectively). In conscious furosemide-treated dogs oral administration of KR-30988 produced a dose-dependent and long-lasting (>8 h) hypotensive effect with a rapid onset of action (time to Emax, the maximum effect, 1-2 h); KR-30988 was eight times more potent than losartan (ED20, the dose reducing mean arterial blood pressure by 20 mm Hg, 1.04 and 7.96 mg kg(-1), respectively). These results suggest that KR-30988 is a potent, orally active selective AT1 receptor antagonist with a mode of insurmountable antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Lee
- Screening and Toxicology Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The pharmacologic profile of SK-1080, a newly synthesized AT1-receptor antagonist, was evaluated in conscious normotensive rats, conscious renally (RHRs) and spontaneously (SHRs) hypertensive rats, and conscious furosemide-treated beagle dogs. In angiotensin II-challenged normotensive rats, orally administered SK-1080 had no agonistic effect and dose-dependently inhibited the pressor response to angiotensin II with a slightly weaker potency (ID50: 1.12 and 0.47 mg/kg, respectively), but with a more rapid onset of action than losartan (time to Emax, 30 min and 6 h, respectively). In RHRs, orally given SK-1080 produced a dose-dependent and long-lasting (>24 h) antihypertensive effect with a potency similar to that of losartan (ED20, 5.06 and 3.36 mg/kg, respectively). Intravenously administered SK-1080 exerted a very highly potent antihypertensive effect (ED20, 0.06 mg/kg), thus indicating a poor oral bioavailability in rats. On repeated dosing for 21 days in SHRs, SK-1080 significantly reduced blood pressure without inducing tachycardia and tolerance throughout the dosing period. On repeated dosing, the antihypertensive effect gradually increased from days 1 to 7 (Emax on day 7, 15.0 and 19.7% at 10 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) and remained at a significant level on days 14 and 21. In furosemide-treated dogs, orally given SK-1080 produced a dose-dependent and long-lasting (>8 h) antihypertensive effect with a rapid onset of action (time to Emax, 1-1.5 h) and 10-fold greater potency than losartan (ED20, 0.72 and 8.13 mg/kg, respectively). In furosemide-treated dogs, SK-1080 showed a good oral bioavailability, unlike that in RHRs. These results suggest that SK-1080 is a potent, orally active AT1-receptor antagonist useful for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Lee
- Screening and Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Taejon
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Shin HS, Seo HW, Oh JH, Lee BH. Antihypertensive effects of the novel potassium channel activator SKP-450 and its major metabolites in rats. Arzneimittelforschung 1998; 48:969-78. [PMID: 9825113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Antihypertensive effects of SKP-450 (KR-30450, CAS 172489-10-0, (-)-(2R)-2"-(1",3"-dioxolan-2-yl)-2-2methyl-4-(2'-oxopyrr olidin-1-yl)-6- nitro-2H-1-benzopyran), a newly synthesized potassium channel activator, and its major metabolites SKP-818 ((-)-(2R)-2"-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-4-(2'-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-ni tro- 2H-1-benzopyran) and SKP-310 ((-)-(2R)-2"-carboxy-2-methyl-4-(2'-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-nitro-2H -1- benzopyran) were evaluated in freely moving spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), renally hypertenisve (RHR), DOCA/salt-induced hypertensive (DHR) and normotensive rats (NR). The effects of long-term treatment with SKP-450 on blood pressure and arterial reactivity were also studied in SHR. SKP-450 (3-300 micrograms/kg, p.o.) and SKP-818 (3-100 micrograms/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) (potency order: SKP-450, RHR > SHR = DHR > NR; SKP-818, DHR = SHR = RHR > NR); however, SKP-310 did not influence MAP. Compared with lemakalim, SKP-450 was 2 to 5 fold more potent in SHR and NR, and equipotent in RHR and DHR. Repeatedly administration of SKP-450 to SHR over 21 days (10 and 30 micrograms/kg, p.o., once a day), had no significant effect on the degree and pattern of its antihypertensive effects and on the reactivity of isolated aorta to various vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. These results suggest that SKP-450 is a potent peripheral vasodilator acting without the development of tolerance and the alteration in vascular reactivity. SKP-818 and SKP-310 may play a role as an active metabolite and inactive intermediary, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Shin
- Screening and Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejon
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Kim CH, Seo HW, Kim HY, Sohn JH, Choi ES, Rhee SK. Production of recombinant hirudin in Hansenula polymorpha : variation of gene expression level depends on methanol oxidase and fermentation strategies. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 1998. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.2900545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shin HS, Seo HW, Yoo SE, Lee BH. Cardiovascular pharmacology of SKP-450, a new potassium channel activator, and its major metabolites SKP-818 and SKP-310. Pharmacology 1998; 56:111-24. [PMID: 9532610 DOI: 10.1159/000028188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of SKP-450, a newly synthesized potassium channel activator, and its two major metabolites SKP-818 and SKP-310 were evaluated on isolated rat aorta and in freely moving rats and anesthetized beagle dogs. The rank order of potency in relaxing rat aorta precontracted with norepinephrine was SKP-450 > SKP-818 > Lemakalim > SKP-310 (EC50: 0.12, 0.55, 0.71 and 5.89 mumol/l, respectively). In rats, SKP-450, SKP-818 and lemakalim (3-100 micrograms/kg, i.v.) induced a dose-dependent decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP; ED20: 9.8, 11.7 and 22.4 micrograms/kg, respectively) followed by reflex tachycardia. In dogs, SKP-818 and SKP-310 (0.3-1,000 micrograms/kg, i.v.) had quite similar hemodynamic profiles to SKP-450 but with a smaller potency. SKP-450, SKP-818 and SKP-310 dose-relatedly decreased MAP (ED20: 2.6, 4.2 and 588.8 micrograms/kg, respectively). They slightly increased left ventricular positive dP/dtmax with a transient decrease at the highest dose, while inducing a dose-related decrease in rate-pressure product, tension time index and systolic time. SKP-450, SKP-818 and SKP-310 induced a marked dose-dependent increase in coronary blood flow (Emax: 172.8, 257.9 and 178.7%, respectively) with less effects on blood flow through other arteries. Glybenclamide antagonized all the hemodynamic effects of SKP-450 in rats and dogs, whereas propranolol antagonized its reflex tachycardia in rats. These results indicate that SKP-450 is a potent coronary and peripheral vasodilator in rats and dogs activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels and that SKP-818 and SKP-310 exert a similar hemodynamic profile to the parent compound with equi- and weaker potency, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Shin
- Screening and Toxicology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejon, Korea
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