1
|
Kwon S, Lee SR, Choi EK, Ahn HJ, Song HS, Lee YS. Comparison of adhesive single-lead ECG device and Holter test for atrial fibrillation monitoring. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is insufficient validation of diagnostic benefits of extended monitoring with an adhesive single-lead ECG device compared to Holter test for routine medical care of AF patients.
Purpose
The study aimed to compare AF detection rates between 72-hour monitoring using an adhesive single-lead ECG device (mobiCARE MC-100, Seers Technology, Republic of Korea) and 24-hour Holter test among AF patients at outpatient clinics.
Methods
A total of 200 AF patients indicated for Holter test at cardiology outpatient clinics enrolled in the study. Study participants equipped both Holter and MC-100 for the first 24 hours (Figure 1). After then, only MC-100 continued ECG monitoring for additional 48 hours. AF detection during the first 24 hours was compared between two devices. The diagnostic benefits of extended monitoring with MC-100 were evaluated.
Results
During the first 24 hours, both monitoring methods detected AF in the same 40/200 (20.0%) patients (20 patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF each). Compared to 24-hour Holter, MC-100 increased AF detection rate by 1.5-fold (58/200; 29.0%) and 1.6-fold (64/200; 32.0%) with 48- and 72-hour monitoring, respectively (Figure 2A). With MC-100, the number of newly discovered patients with paroxysmal AF was 20/44 (45.5%), 18/44 (40.9%), and 6/44 (13.6%) for 24-, 48-, and 72-hour monitoring. Compared to 24-hour Holter, 72-hour monitoring with MC-100 increased the detection rate of paroxysmal AF by 2.2-fold (44/20). If only the episodes lasting over 30 seconds were counted as AF with MC-100, the detection rate of paroxysmal AF was decreased by 9.1% (Figure 2B).
Conclusion
Compared to Holter, AF detection rates could be improved with an adhesive single-lead device, especially for patients with paroxysmal AF. This device is expected to be useful for AF detection among patients whose conventional ECG tests were ineffective in documenting AF episodes.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korean government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H J Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H S Song
- Seers Technology , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y S Lee
- Seers Technology , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song HS, Lee BM. The Viability of Online Pharmacies in COVID-19 Era in Korea. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 11:1977-1980. [PMID: 33590745 PMCID: PMC9808250 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sue Song
- Division of Medical Products Safety, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu JY, Chen L, Song HS, Xu YS, Fan DS. [A case of primary bone lymphoma with nervous system symptoms as initial manifestation]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2021; 60:839-842. [PMID: 34445824 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20200917-00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H S Song
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y S Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - D S Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han SK, Song HS, Kim R, Kang SH. Clinical results of treatment of garden type 1 and 2 femoral neck fractures in patients over 70-year old. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 42:191-6. [PMID: 26038046 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-015-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We retrospectively analyzed the clinical results of treatment of impacted or undisplaced femoral neck fractures (Garden types 1 and 2) by osteosynthesis in elderly patients >70-year old. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the radiological results of 52 patients who were followed up for at least 6 months from April 2002 to December 2008. The average age of the patients was 77.6 years (range 70-97 years), and 38 patients were females. The mean follow-up period was 11.7 months (range 6-19 months). Thirteen cases were Garden type 1 fractures, and 39 were Garden type 2 fractures. We assessed the relationships between the occurrence of complications and age, sex, Garden stage, bone mineral density (BMD), history of contralateral hip fracture, and any additional hip injury. RESULTS Major complications occurred in 18 cases (34.6 %), including nonunion (8 cases), osteonecrosis (6 cases), stress fracture of the subtrochanter (2 cases), excessive pull-out of a screw (1 case), and deep infection (1 case). The development of complications was associated with Garden stage 2, BMD, and additional hip injury. However, other factors were not associated with complications. Reoperations were performed in 16 cases (30.1 %), and 2 of the patients died during follow-up. CONCLUSION A relatively high rate of complications or reoperations developed after treatment of Garden 2 femoral neck fractures in senile patients >70 years of age with osteoporosis. Although internal fixation has been recommended in the literature for undisplaced femoral neck fractures, primary arthroplasty may be a better option for treatment of Garden type 2 fractures in elderly patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-709, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-709, Republic of Korea
| | - R Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-709, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-709, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song HS, Park JY, Kim SJ, Kang HY. In vivo time-sequential histological study focused on melanocytes: suggestion of golden time for intervention to prevent post-laser pigmentary changes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:306-10. [PMID: 25731745 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-inflammatory pigmentary changes after laser treatments are challenging adverse effect. OBJECTIVE To suggest an ideal time period with regard to intervention to prevent post-laser pigmentary changes, an in vivo time-sequential histological study focused on melanocytes was performed. METHODS The back skin of four volunteers was irradiated with Q-switched alexandrite laser (QSAL). In one subject (subject 4), topical corticosteroid was applied onto the irradiated skin from the time of irradiation to day 28. In all subjects, time-sequential skin biopsies were performed at baseline, an immediate time after irradiation, day 2, day 7, and day 28. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted. RESULTS Q-switched alexandrite laser led to the successful removal of pigments and most melanocytes from the epidermis in all subjects. At day 28, there was increased epidermal pigmentation in the skin of the subjects 1-3. It was noted that numerous activated melanocytes appeared on day 7, continued to be observed until day 28. However, in the subject 4, the melanocyte activation and post-laser pigmentary changes were not observed. CONCLUSION In regard to intervene melanocyte activation, at least 1 week after laser treatment is suggested as a 'golden' time period to prevent pigmentary changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Song
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - J-Y Park
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - H Y Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tong ZG, Liu N, Song HS, Li JQ, Jiang J, Zhu JY, Qi JP. Cytochalasin B inhibits the proliferation of human glioma U251 cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:10811-22. [PMID: 25526201 DOI: 10.4238/2014.december.19.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cytochalasin B (CB) is known to inhibit a number of cancer types, but its effects on gliomas are unknown. We examined the in vitro effects of CB on the proliferation of human glioma U251 cells, as well as determined its mechanism of action. Cell proliferation was determined using CCK-8. The effect of CB on U251 cell morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Cell cycle distribution was assessed using propidium iodine and Giemsa staining, and cell apoptosis was determined by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide. Cell cycle-related proteins were determined by Western blot. CB effectively inhibited U251 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The 24, 48, 72, and 96 h IC50 values were 6.41 x 10(-2), 9.76 x 10(-4), 2.57 x 10(-5), and 2.08 x 10(-5) M, respectively. CB increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner, thus increasing the mitotic index and decreasing cdc2 and cyclin B1 protein levels. CB induced morphological changes in the cytoskeleton. Additionally, 10(-5) M CB induced apoptosis in 23.4 ± 0.5% of U251 cells (P < 0.05 vs control group). Caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities were increased after CB treatment. CB inhibited U251 glioma cell proliferation by damaging the microfilament structure. CB also induced glioma cell apoptosis, suggesting that it may be an effective therapeutic agent against gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z G Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - N Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - H S Song
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - J Q Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - J Y Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - J P Qi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu N, Jiang J, Song YJ, Zhao SG, Tong ZG, Song HS, Wu H, Zhu JY, Gu YH, Sun Y, Hua W, Qi JP. Impact of MTHFR polymorphisms on methylation of MGMT in glioma patients from Northeast China with different folate levels. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:5160-71. [PMID: 24301776 DOI: 10.4238/2013.october.29.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypomethylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter in glioma cells has been associated with temozolomide resistance. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is produced during folate metabolism, is the main source of methyl groups during DNA methylation. As a key enzyme during folate metabolism, polymorphisms of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) may regulate folate end-products. We investigated the effect of typical polymorphisms of MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) on MGMT methylation based on different serum folate levels in patients with glioma from Northeast China. A total of 275 patients with glioma and 329 without malignant tumors were tested. Serum folate concentration was assayed by using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. MTHFR polymorphisms were detected by Taqman-Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methylation-specific PCR was used to assess MGMT methylation. The constituent ratio of glioma patients below the serum folate biological reference value was significantly higher than that of the control population (P < 0.001). In patients with oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma, heterozygotes for the A1298C mutation were found in higher frequency than homozygotes or wild types (oligodendroglioma, P < 0.001; glioblastoma, P < 0.01). When grouped by the median or biological reference value of serum folate, only homozygotes for C677T with low levels of folate were significantly associated with decreased methylation of MGMT (median, P < 0.001; biological reference value, P = 0.036). These data suggest that, in combination with a negative folate balance in glioma patients, T/T genotypes in MTHFR C677T may be associated with MGMT demethylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song HS, Li SL, Gao L, Xu Y, Ueno K, Tang J, Cheng YB, Tsukagoshi K. High-performance top-gated monolayer SnS2 field-effect transistors and their integrated logic circuits. Nanoscale 2013; 5:9666-70. [PMID: 23989804 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01899g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors are very promising for post-silicon ultrathin channels and flexible electronics due to the remarkable dimensional and mechanical properties. Besides molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), the first recognized 2D semiconductor, it is also important to explore the wide spectrum of layered metal chalcogenides (LMCs) and to identify possible compounds with high performance. Here we report the fabrication of high-performance top-gated field-effect transistors (FETs) and related logic gates from monolayer tin disulfide (SnS2), a non-transition metal dichalcogenide. The measured carrier mobility of our monolayer devices reaches 50 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), much higher than that of the back-gated counterparts (~1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)). Based on a direct-coupled FET logic technique, advanced Boolean logic gates and operations are also implemented, with a voltage gain of 3.5 and output swing of >90% for the NOT and NOR gates, respectively. The superior electrical and integration properties make monolayer SnS2 a strong candidate for next-generation atomic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, P. R. China. Tsukagoshi.Kazuhito@ nims.go.jp
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalet A, Ellaway RH, Song HS, Nick M, Sarpel U, Hopkins MA, Hill J, Plass JL, Pusic MV. Factors influencing medical student attrition and their implications in a large multi-center randomized education trial. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2013; 18:439-450. [PMID: 22869047 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-012-9382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Participant attrition may be a significant threat to the generalizability of the results of educational research studies if participants who do not persist in a study differ from those who do in ways that can affect the experimental outcomes. A multi-center trial of the efficacy of different computer-based instructional strategies gave us the opportunity to observe institutional and student factors linked to attrition from a study and the ways in which they altered the participation profile. The data is from a randomized controlled trial conducted at seven US medical schools investigating the educational impact of different instructional designs for computer-based learning modules for surgical clerks. All students undertaking their surgical clerkships at the participating schools were invited participate and those that consented were asked to complete five study measures during their surgery clerkship. Variations in study attrition rates were explored by institution and by participants' self-regulation, self-efficacy, perception of task value, and mastery goal orientation measured on entry to the study. Of the 1,363 invited participants 995 (73 %) consented to participate and provided baseline data. There was a significant drop in the rate of participation at each of the five study milestones with 902 (94 %) completing at least one of two module post-test, 799 (61 %) both module post-tests, 539 (36 %) the mid-rotation evaluation and 252 (25 %) the final evaluation. Attrition varied between institutions on survival analysis (p < 0.001). Small but statistically significant differences in self-regulation (p = 0.01), self-efficacy (p = 0.02) and task value (p = 0.04) were observed but not in mastery or performance goal orientation measures (p = NS). Study attrition was correlated with lower achievement on the National Board of Medical Examiners subject exam. The results of education trials should be interpreted with the understanding that students who persist may be somewhat more self-regulated, self-efficacious and higher achievers than their peers who drop out and as such do not represent the class as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kalet
- New York University, 545 First Avenue Greenberg Hall, Room 6R., New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kalet AL, Song HS, Sarpel U, Schwartz R, Brenner J, Ark TK, Plass J. Just enough, but not too much interactivity leads to better clinical skills performance after a computer assisted learning module. Med Teach 2012; 34:833-9. [PMID: 22917265 PMCID: PMC3826788 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2012.706727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-designed computer-assisted instruction (CAI) can potentially transform medical education. Yet little is known about whether specific design features such as direct manipulation of the content yield meaningful gains in clinical learning. We designed three versions of a multimedia module on the abdominal exam incorporating different types of interactivity. METHODS As part of their physical diagnosis course, 162 second-year medical students were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to Watch, Click or Drag versions of the abdominal exam module. First, students' prior knowledge, spatial ability, and prior experience with abdominal exams were assessed. After using the module, students took a posttest; demonstrated the abdominal exam on a standardized patient; and wrote structured notes of their findings. RESULTS Data from 143 students were analyzed. Baseline measures showed no differences among groups regarding prior knowledge, experience, or spatial ability. Overall there was no difference in knowledge across groups. However, physical exam scores were significantly higher for students in the Click group. CONCLUSIONS A mid-range level of behavioral interactivity was associated with small to moderate improvements in performance of clinical skills. These improvements were likely mediated by enhanced engagement with the material, within the bounds of learners' cognitive capacity. These findings have implications for the design of CAI materials to teach procedural skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Kalet
- Division of Educational Informatics, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song HS, Zhang WJ, Tang YB, He ZB, Yuan GD, Fan X, Lee CS, Bello I, Lee ST. Field electron emission of ZnO nanowire pyramidal bundle arrays. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:2360-5. [PMID: 20355434 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A facile hydrothermal method was adopted to in situ grow ZnO nanowire pyramidal bundle arrays on zinc substrates at low growth temperature without the assistance of catalysts and templates. The bundle arrays were shown to form by sticking of nanowires at their tips. Field electron emission characterization of nanowires bundle arrays revealed a very low turn-on electric field of about 2.3 V/microm and a threshold electric field (corresponding to the field electron emission current density of 10 mA/cm2) of 6.8 V/microm, which are comparable to those observed in carbon nanotube arrays. The bundle arrays also show pronounced long-term field electron emission stability at a high current density. In addition, the formation mechanism of the pyramidal bundled arrays and the origin of the peculiar field electron emission properties were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Song
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang YB, Lee CS, Chen ZH, Yuan GD, Kang ZH, Luo LB, Song HS, Liu Y, He ZB, Zhang WJ, Bello I, Lee ST. High-quality Graphenes via a facile quenching method for field-effect transistors. Nano Lett 2009; 9:1374-7. [PMID: 19301858 DOI: 10.1021/nl803025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Single- and few-layer graphene sheets with sizes up to 0.1 mm were fabricated by simply quenching hot graphite in an ammonium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution. The identity and thickness of graphene sheets were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition to its simplicity and scalability, the present synthesis can produce graphene sheets with excellent qualities in terms of sizes, purity, and crystal quality. The as-produced graphene sheets can be easily transferred to solid substrates for further processing. Field-effect transistors based on individual graphenes were fabricated and shown to have high ambipolar carrier mobilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y B Tang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han SW, Oh DY, Im SA, Park SR, Lee KW, Song HS, Lee NS, Lee KH, Choi IS, Lee MH, Kim MA, Kim WH, Bang YJ, Kim TY. Phase II study and biomarker analysis of cetuximab combined with modified FOLFOX6 in advanced gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:298-304. [PMID: 19127259 PMCID: PMC2634707 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective study was conducted with the Korean Cancer Study Group to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab combined with modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) as first-line treatment in recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer and to identify potential predictive biomarkers. Patients received cetuximab 400 mg m−2 at week 1 and 250 mg m−2 weekly thereafter until disease progression. Oxaliplatin (100 mg m−2) and leucovorin (100 mg m−2) were administered as a 2-h infusion followed by a 46-h continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (2400 mg m−2) every 2 weeks for a maximum of 12 cycles. Biomarkers potentially associated with efficacy were analysed. Among 38 evaluable patients, confirmed response rate (RR) was 50.0% (95% CI 34.1–65.9). Median time-to-progression (TTP) was 5.5 months (95% CI 4.5–6.5) and overall survival (OS) 9.9 months. Eleven patients having tumour EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry with low serum EGF and TGF-α levels showed a 100% RR compared to 37.0% in the remaining 27 patients (P<0.001). Moreover, ligand level increased when disease progressed in seven out of eight patients with EGFR expression and low baseline ligand level. No patient exhibited EGFR amplification or K-ras mutations. Gastric cancer patients with EGFR expression and low ligand levels had better outcomes with cetuximab/mFOLFOX6 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-W Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang YB, Chen ZH, Song HS, Lee CS, Cong HT, Cheng HM, Zhang WJ, Bello I, Lee ST. Vertically aligned p-type single-crystalline GaN nanorod arrays on n-type Si for heterojunction photovoltaic cells. Nano Lett 2008; 8:4191-4195. [PMID: 19367961 DOI: 10.1021/nl801728d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned Mg-doped GaN nanorods have been epitaxially grown on n-type Si substrate to form a heterostructure for fabricating p-n heterojunction photovoltaic cells. The p-type GaN nanorod/n-Si heterojunction cell shows a well-defined rectifying behavior with a rectification ratio larger than 10(4) in dark. The cell has a high short-circuit photocurrent density of 7.6 mAlcm2 and energy conversion efficiency of 2.73% under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mW/cm2. Moreover, the nanorod array may be used as an antireflection coating for solar cell applications to effectively reduce light loss due to reflection. This study provides an experimental demonstration for integrating one-dimensional nanostructure arrays with the substrate to directly fabricate heterojunction photovoltaic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y B Tang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim DH, Baek JH, Chae YS, Kim YK, Kim HJ, Park YH, Song HS, Chung JS, Hyun MS, Sohn SK. Absolute lymphocyte counts predicts response to chemotherapy and survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2007; 21:2227-30. [PMID: 17554383 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD20/biosynthesis
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Medical Oncology/methods
- Multivariate Analysis
- Odds Ratio
- Prednisolone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
Collapse
|
16
|
Song HS, Elssfah EM, Zhang J, Lin J, Luo JJ, Liu SJ, Huang Y, Ding XX, Gao JM, Qi SR, Tang C. High-Aspect-Ratio Aluminum Borate Nanowire Bundles Supported by Sucrose. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:5966-9. [PMID: 16553404 DOI: 10.1021/jp056655+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-aspect-ratio and single-crystal aluminum borate (Al(18)B(4)O(33)) nanowire bundles with an ordered orientation were synthesized by using an innovative sucrose-assisted growth process. The process involves the dehydration and polycondensation of aluminum borate-sucrose solution to form a highly viscous precursor. The sucrose plays a crucial role in the growth of the nanowire bundles by supporting as a polymeric substrate and a type of adhesive template. Electron microscopy was used to characterize the high-aspect-ratio nanowire bundles. A possible growth mechanism for the nanowire bundles is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Song
- Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park YH, Lee JJ, Ryu MH, Kim SY, Kim DH, Do YR, Lee KH, Oh SJ, Kim YK, Suh CW, Heo DS, Ryoo BY, Kim JK, Song HS, Lee WS, Kim HJ, Bang YJ, Yang SH, Sohn SK, Kang YK. Improved therapeutic outcomes of DLBCL after introduction of rituximab in Korean patients. Ann Hematol 2006; 85:257-62. [PMID: 16416337 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-005-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The addition of rituximab to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) has been shown to improve the outcome in all age groups with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the impact of this combination therapy on DLBCL outcomes in Korea. From October 2001 to June 2004, newly diagnosed DLBCL patients in nine Korean institutes were included. All of these 81 patients were treated with three or more cycles of rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP) combination chemotherapy (R group), and followed for a minimum of 12 months. For comparison, a historical cohort of patients was used and analyzed for "Clinicopathologic characteristics of Korean non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) based on Revised American Lymphoma (REAL) classification" in 1999. Among the 1,098 NHL patients, the data of 214 DLBCL patients, who were treated with CHOP chemotherapy in first-line, were analyzed (C group). We compared outcomes between the C group and the R group. A total of 295 patients were evaluated (C group, 214; R group, 81). The complete response (CR) rate was higher in R group (73 vs 91%, p=0.001). The 2-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was significantly higher in R group (78 vs 85%, p=0.0194). This survival benefit was maintained in high-risk patients according to the international prognostic index (IPI) (p=0.0039), regardless of age. However, there was no significant difference in low-risk patients. The addition of rituximab to CHOP combination chemotherapy for DLBCLs showed improved outcomes, particularly in high-risk group according to the IPI. Long-term follow-up results will be needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/standards
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cohort Studies
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/standards
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Data Interpretation, Statistical
- Disease-Free Survival
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/standards
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Humans
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Korea
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/radiotherapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prednisone/standards
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Regression Analysis
- Retrospective Studies
- Rituximab
- Survival Analysis
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Vincristine/standards
- Vincristine/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Park
- Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim DS, Lee IS, Jang CS, Kang SY, Song HS, Lee YI, Seo YW. Development of AFLP-derived STS markers for the selection of 5-methyltryptophan-resistant rice mutants. Plant Cell Rep 2004; 23:71-80. [PMID: 15064855 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2003] [Revised: 02/24/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To increase the specific free amino acid content in the japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Donganbyeo, mutant cell lines resistant to growth inhibition by 5-methyltryptophan (5MT) were selected from embryo-cultured callus irradiated with 50 Gy gamma-rays. Four 5MT-resistant homozygous M4 lines, MRI-40, MRI-116, MRII-8, and MRII-12, were obtained. The mean content of nine free essential amino acids were 70.1, 72.5, 31.7, and 35.4% greater than the original variety in these four mutant lines, respectively. For AFLP analysis, 8 EcoRI (+2) and 8 MseI (+3) primers used in 45 primer combinations generated a total of 3,684 bands with a mean of 82 bands, of which 361 (9.8%) were clearly polymorphic with the control cultivar, the four 5MT-resistant mutants, and five sensitive lines. The lines were grouped into three clusters through cluster analysis using unweighted pair grouping method of averages. The 36 polymorphic PCR products present only in the four homozygous 5MT-resistant lines were cloned and sequenced, and 10 of these sequenced products were converted into sequence tagged site (STS) markers. These STS primer sets were designated OSMR1-OSMR10. Six STS primer sets (OSMR1, OSMR2, OSMR3, OSMR4, OSMR5, and OSMR6) generated a single monomorphic PCR product identical in size to the original AFLP fragments. The broad applicability of these STS markers for the screening of 5MT resistance was evaluated with seven putative 5MT-resistant M2 plants (PM-1 to PM-7). Four STS markers (OSMR1, OSMR2, OSMR4, and OSMR5) out of six STS primer sets were revealed as polymorphic products between the control cultivar and the seven M2 plants. These markers can be utilized for the fine selection of 5MT resistance in rice, and this PCR-screening technique is less time-consuming, less labor-intensive, and more accurate and reliable than selection based solely on phenotypic evaluation involving soaking in 5MT solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Kim
- Department of Radiation Plant Breeding and Genetics, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, 305-600, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee BM, Kim HS, Kim IS, Ahn MY, Chun SA, Yoo SD, Park YA, Choi SM, Kim KB, Han SY, Park KL, Kwack SJ, Song HS, Lee KR, Bae HJ, Cho MH. Ras transgene expression in TG-AC mice treated with benzo[a]pyrene. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:733-5. [PMID: 12736523 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transgene expression and skin tumorigenicity were investigated in transgenic TG-AC mice carrying the v-Ha-ras after treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (BP). Animals treated with 40 microg BP (x2/week/mouse) showed 100% tumor response after 25 weeks, as did 40% of the mice treated with 20 microg BP but 10 microg BP did not produce a tumor response. In the case of animals treated with 40 microg BP for 25 weeks, most of the tumors were proven to be carcinomas (80%, 4 out of 5 mice), and all tumors were shown to be positive in terms of transgene expression detected by in situ hybridization. These data suggest that BP was tumorigenic in a dose-dependent manner in TG-AC mice and that TG-AC mice were dependent on transgene expression during BP carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Mu Lee
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, Chunchun-dong, Suwon, Kyonggi-do, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Thrombosis is an important complication of central venous catheterization. Among the many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the patient's medical disease can play a role in thrombogenesis. Behcet's disease (BD), classified as a vasculitis, is a multisystem disease involving the small blood vessels. It is often difficult to recognize and diagnose the disease. A 24-yr-old female patient showed massive central venous thrombosis which caused superior vena cava syndrome after subclavian vein catheterization. Twenty days after catheterization, the patient exhibited swelling of the face, neck, and both upper extremities. Despite thrombectomy and continuous anticoagulation therapy, her facial and upper extremity swelling reappeared and follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) showed the recurrent thrombosis in the same central veins previously affected. A diagnosis of BD was then made. Following steroid therapy, neither clinical symptoms nor CT findings suggestive of central venous thrombosis were observed during the subsequent 6-months of follow-up period. This case emphasizes that central venous catheterization in a patient with BD should be performed with great caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical, School & Hospital, Chonju, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because magnesium blocks the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and its associated ion channels, it can prevent central sensitization caused by peripheral nociceptive stimulation. However, transport of magnesium from blood to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across the blood-brain barrier is limited in normal humans. The current study was designed to evaluate whether perioperative intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion affects postoperative pain. METHODS Sixty patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy received 50 mg/kg intravenous magnesium sulfate as a bolus dose followed by a continuous infusion of 15 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) for 6 h (magnesium group) or the same volume of isotonic saline (control group). At the end of surgery, serum and CSF magnesium concentration were measured in both groups. The cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption was measured to assess the analgesic effect using a patient-controlled epidural analgesia device. Pain intensities at rest and during forced expiration were evaluated at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. RESULTS At the end of surgery, patients in the magnesium group had significantly greater postoperative serum magnesium concentrations compared with both preoperative and control group values (P < 0.001). Despite significantly higher serum magnesium concentrations in the magnesium group, there was no significant difference in magnesium concentration measured in postoperative CSF. Cumulative postoperative analgesic doses were similar in both groups. However, there was observed an inverse relation between cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption and the CSF magnesium concentration in both groups. Visual analog pain scores at rest and during forced expiration were similar and less than 4 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate did not increase CSF magnesium concentration and had no effects on postoperative pain. However, an inverse relation between cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption and the CSF magnesium concentration was observed. These results suggest that perioperative intravenous magnesium infusion may not be useful for preventing postoperative pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
So HS, Jung BH, Song HS, Kim S, Park JS, Chae KM, Lee JH, Chung SY, Chae HJ, Kim HR, Park R. Nitric oxide prevents the IFN-gamma/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity in a protein kinase G-independent manner. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:321-34. [PMID: 11694024 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100107333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been well known that the role of LPS on hepatotoxicity is mediated through TNF-alpha, the direct cytotoxic effect of LPS on IFN-gamma-primed hepatocytes has not yet been clearly demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate that the IFN-gamma-mediated death of murine embryonic liver BNL CL2 cells is potentiated by LPS (0.5 microg/ml). In addition, an exogenous NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly prevents cell death induced by IFN-gamma alone or IFN-gamma plus LPS (IFN-gamma/LPS) in a dose-dependent manner over 25 microM. SNP significantly blocked the death of BNL CL2 cells only when it was added within 12 hr after treatment of IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma/LPS. The preventive effect of SNP occurred in parallel with the suppression of caspase 3-like protease activation. We have also demonstrated that a relatively high concentration as well as an appropriate period of exposure to NO may be critical to maintain cell viability from the cytotoxic effect of IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma/LPS. Furthermore, the preventive effect of SNP on IFN-gamma/LPS-induced cell death is mediated by a protein kinase G (PKG)-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S So
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahn JD, Morishita R, Kaneda Y, Lee KU, Park JY, Jeon YJ, Song HS, Lee IK. Transcription factor decoy for activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibits high glucose- and angiotensin II-induced type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) gene expression in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells. Diabetologia 2001; 44:713-20. [PMID: 11440364 DOI: 10.1007/s001250051680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Multiple factors, including hyperglycaemia and angiotensin II (Ang II), stimulate plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. This study tested the hypothesis that hyperglycaemia and Ang II stimulate PAI-1 gene expression through activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding sites. METHODS We evaluated the role of AP-1 in PAI-1 gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells under high D-glucose and Ang II stimulation using a double-stranded cis-element AP-1 oligodeoxynucleotide (decoy ODN). RESULTS Activator protein 1 activity was stimulated by high glucose and Ang II treatment and the AP-1 decoy ODN, but not a mismatched decoy ODN, competed for AP-1 activity. The increase in PAI-1 expression by high glucose and Ang II was significantly attenuated by the AP-1 decoy ODN (p <0.05 or p < 0.01). The increase in PAI-1 expression by high glucose and Ang II action on AP-1 sites was also confirmed by promoter analysis of PAI-1. Activator protein 1 activation in response to either high glucose or co-stimulation with high glucose and Ang II was inhibited completely by calphostin C (a PKC inhibitor) and partially by genistein (a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION This study shows that high glucose and Ang II stimulate PAI-1 expression through AP-1 binding sites. Signal transduction after AP-1 activation by both high glucose and Ang II largely depends on PKC activation. These data indicate an important role for AP-1 in PAI-1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Ahn
- Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Taegu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liao SB, Ku WC, Song HS, Lin CY. Spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse: report of three cases. Chang Gung Med J 2001; 24:399-403. [PMID: 11512373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse is an uncommon but benign entity. It is seldom discussed in the literature, and is sometimes confused with other ocular surface tumors, such as dermolipoma. We present 3 cases, two of which are bilateral, the other being unilateral. Two cases underwent surgical excision due to ocular irritation, and the pathology proved mature adipose tissue compatible with the diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) was available for 1 case and revealed a fat-compatible radiolucent mass continuous with the intraconal fat. Some other reports have presumed that the intraconal fat was prolapsed from a dehiscence of Tenon's capsule. However, according to our surgical findings, we suggest that the possible weak point for intraconal orbital fat prolapse is between the regions where the rectus muscle tendons penetrate into Tenon's capsule. The fat just bulges anteriorly, but not penetrates the Tenon's capsule and the intermuscular septum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee YM, Jeong CH, Koo SY, Son MJ, Song HS, Bae SK, Raleigh JA, Chung HY, Yoo MA, Kim KW. Determination of hypoxic region by hypoxia marker in developing mouse embryos in vivo: a possible signal for vessel development. Dev Dyn 2001; 220:175-86. [PMID: 11169851 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0177(20010201)220:2<175::aid-dvdy1101>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a well-known signal for angiogenesis, but the recent proposal that hypoxia exists in developing embryonic tissues and that it induces vascular development remains to be proven. In the present study, we demonstrate the presence of hypoxia in normal developing embryos by means of a hypoxia marker, pimonidazole, and its associated antibody. Our data clearly show that hypoxia marker immunoreactivity was highly detected in developing neural tubes, heart, and intersomitic mesenchyme at an early stage of organogenesis, suggesting that hypoxia may exist in the early stages of embryo development. We also found that hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were spatiotemporally co-localized with possible hypoxic regions in embryos. Investigation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) expression provides evidence that endothelial cells proliferate and form the vessels in the hypoxic region in developing organs. Furthermore, we found that hypoxia induced both HIF-1alpha and VEGF in F9 embryonic stem and differentiated cells. Thus, we suggest that hypoxia may exist widely in developing embryonic tissues and that it may act as a signal for embryonic blood vessel formation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim JT, Kim MS, Bae MK, Song HS, Ahn MY, Kim YJ, Lee SJ, Kim KW. Cloning and characterization of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) from shark, Scyliorhinus torazame. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1517:311-5. [PMID: 11342115 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We cloned the full-length cDNA encoding TIMP-3 from the cartilage of cloudy dogfish, Scyliorhinus torazame. The entire open reading frame was composed of 645 nucleotides and 214 residues including 12 conserved cysteines and asparagine-184, a putative site for N-linked sugars. It showed about 72% identity to those of other species based on the deduced amino acid sequence. The mRNA of shark TIMP-3 were expressed abundantly in brain and cartilage tissues. To investigate the roles of shark TIMP-3, an expression vector was constructed and transfected into HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. Overexpression of shark TIMP-3 reduced the activity of MMP-2 in gelatin zymography. Through human Alu PCR based CAM assay, we also confirmed that shark TIMP-3 transfected HT1080 cells had less intravasation effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giles FJ, Shan J, Advani SH, Akan H, Aydogdu I, Aziz Z, Azim HA, Bapsy PP, Buyukkececi F, Chaimongkol B, Chen PM, Cheong SK, Ferhanoglu B, Hamza R, Khalid HM, Intragumtornchai T, Kim SW, Kim SY, Koc H, Kumar L, Kumar R, Lei KI, Lekhakula A, Muthalib A, Patel M, Poovalingam VP, Prayoonwiwat W, Rana F, Reksodiputro AH, Ruff P, Sagar TG, Schwarer AP, Song HS, Suh CW, Suharti C, Supindiman I, Tee GY, Thamprasit T, Villalon AH, Wickham NR, Wong JE, Yalcin A, Jootar S. A prospective randomized study of Chop versus Chop plus alpha-2B interferon in patients with intermediate and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the International Oncology Study Group NHL1 Study . Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 40:95-103. [PMID: 11426633 DOI: 10.3109/10428190009054885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The addition of a brief alpha interferon regimen to each CHOP induction cycle, plus one year of alpha interferon thrice weekly maintenance therapy, has no early effect on response rates or survival in patients with Intermediate or High grade cell NHL. BACKGROUND The CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin. Vincristine, Prednisone) regimen is the most widely used first-line therapy for patients with Intermediate or High Grade (IG/HG) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Alpha 2b interferon (INF) enhances response rates and improves survival in low-grade NHL. The International Oncology Study Group (IOSG) conducted a prospective randomized study comparing CHOP alone or combined with INF in patients with IG/HG-NHL. The primary study aim was to compare the objective response rates in these patient cohorts. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of measurable NHL of International Working Formulation (IWF) groups D to H histology were randomized to receive CHOP alone or CHOP with 5Mu INF s.c. for 5 days on days 22 to 26 of each 28 day cycle with INF 5 million units (Mu) given three times per week subcutaneously for 52 weeks in those patients who responded to CHOP plus INF. RESULTS The overall response rates were equivalent in both groups: CHOP alone (214 patients) 81% (complete 55%, partial 26%); CHOP plus INF (221 patients) 80% (complete 54%, partial 26%). At 36 months, the actuarial survival rate was equivalent in both groups. CONCLUSIONS There is no apparent early advantage in terms of response or survival conferred by adding the study INF regimen to CHOP therapy for patients with IG/HG-NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Giles
- International Oncology Study Group, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Choi HS, Song HS, Ukeda H, Sawamura M. Radical-scavenging activities of citrus essential oils and their components: detection using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:4156-4161. [PMID: 10995330 DOI: 10.1021/jf000227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four kinds of citrus essential oils and their components were investigated for radical-scavenging activities by the HPLC method using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). To examine the oils' relative radical-scavenging activities compared with that of a standard antioxidant, Trolox was employed. All of the essential oils were found to have scavenging effects on DPPH in the range of 17. 7-64.0%. The radical-scavenging activities of 31 kinds of citrus essential oils were comparable with or stronger than that of Trolox (p < 0.05). The oils of Ichang lemon (64.0%, 172.2 mg of Trolox equiv/mL), Tahiti lime (63.2%, 170.2 mg of Trolox equiv/mL), and Eureka lemon (61.8%, 166.2 mg of Trolox equiv/mL) were stronger radical scavengers than other citrus oils. Citrus volatile components such as geraniol (87.7%, 235.9 mg of Trolox equiv/mL), terpinolene (87.4%, 235.2 mg of Trolox equiv/mL), and gamma-terpinene (84.7%, 227.9 mg of Trolox equiv/mL) showed marked scavenging activities on DPPH (p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Choi
- Department of Bioresources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B-200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cho HJ, Brotherton JE, Song HS, Widholm JM. Increasing tryptophan synthesis in a forage legume Astragalus sinicus by expressing the tobacco feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (ASA2) gene. Plant Physiol 2000; 123:1069-76. [PMID: 10889256 PMCID: PMC59070 DOI: 10.1104/pp.123.3.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/1999] [Accepted: 03/10/2000] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone that encodes a feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (AS), ASA2, isolated from a 5-methyl-tryptophan (Trp) (5MT)-resistant tobacco cell line under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, was introduced into the forage legume Astragalus sinicus by Agrobacterium rhizogenes with kanamycin selection. The 35S-ASA2 gene was expressed constitutively as demonstrated by northern-blot hybridization analyses and the presence of feedback-insensitive AS. Hairy root lines transformed with 35S-ASA2 grew in concentrations of up to 100 microM 5MT, whereas the controls were completely inhibited by 15 microM 5MT. Expression of the feedback-insensitive ASA2 resulted in a 1.3- to 5.5-fold increase in free Trp. Kinetic studies of the AS activity demonstrate the Trp feedback alterations and indicate that the ASA2 alpha-subunit can interact with the native A. sinicus beta-subunit to form an active enzyme. The ASA2 transcript and high free Trp were also detected in the leaves, stems, and roots of plants regenerated from the transformed hairy roots. Thus, we show for the first time that ASA2 can be used to transform plants of a different species to increase the levels of the essential amino acid Trp and impart 5MT resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Cho
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, 1201 West Gregory, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chuang LH, Song HS, Lee SC, Lai CC, Ku WC. Endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis associated with prostate abscess: case report. Chang Gung Med J 2000; 23:240-5. [PMID: 10902231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A young alcoholic and heavy smoker was admitted because of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. The abdominal and pelvic computed tomography with enhancement revealed an abscess in the right prostate. He experienced blurred vision of his left eye on the third day during admission. Initial ocular examination revealed mild reaction in the anterior chamber and vitreous as well as multiple Roth's spots in the retina. The administration of empirical antibiotics including cefazolin and gentamicin intravenously was changed to ceftriaxone and amikacin after ophthalmologic consultation. After parenteral antibiotics for 3 weeks, the systemic condition was controlled, and the vision remained stable. During the past decades, many cases of endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis associated with liver abscess were reported in Taiwan. However, documented reports of this condition associated with a prostate abscess are rare. This case, classified as posterior focal endogenous endophthalmitis, had good prognosis under appropriate antibiotic treatment. Early diagnosis and prompt therapy are important for control of sepsis and restoration of vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L H Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Emergency medicine has developed rapidly in South Korea in the past decade, giving Korea one of the most advanced systems of emergency medical care in Asia. This article reviews the overall health care system and medical climate in Korea, as well as the great progress made in establishing emergency medicine as a specialty. It also describes the many improvements implemented in academic emergency medicine, emergency patient care, and emergency medicine management systems. Although the current economic crisis offers new challenges, much optimism remains about the future of this new Korean specialty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Arnold
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Song HS, Brotherton JE, Gonzales RA, Widholm JM. Tissue culture-specific expression of a naturally occurring tobacco feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase. Plant Physiol 1998; 117:533-43. [PMID: 9625706 PMCID: PMC34973 DOI: 10.1104/pp.117.2.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/1997] [Accepted: 03/03/1998] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA and corresponding promoter region for a naturally occurring, feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (AS) alpha-subunit gene, ASA2, has been isolated from an unselected, but 5-methyl-tryptophan-resistant (5MTr), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell line (AB15-12-1). The ASA2 cDNA contains a putative transit peptide sequence, and Southern hybridization shows that more than one closely related sequence is present in the tobacco genome. The ASA2 cDNA complemented a trpE nonsense mutant Escherichia coli strain, allowing growth on 300 microm 5MT-containing minimal medium without tryptophan, and cell extracts contained feedback-insensitive AS activity. The 5MTr was lost when the E. coli strain was transformed with an ASA2 site-directed mutant (phenylalanine-107-arginine-108 --> serine-107-glutamine-108). Identical nucleotide sequences encoding the phenylalanine-107-arginine-108 region have been found in polymerase chain reaction-amplified 326-bp ASA2 genomic fragments of wild-type (5-methyl-tryptophan-sensitive [5MTs]) tobacco and a progenitor species. High-level ASA2 transcriptional expression was detected only in 5MTr-cultured cells, not in 5MTs cells or in plants. Promoter studies indicate that tissue specificity of ASA2 is controlled by the promoter region between -2252 and -607. Since the ASA2 promoter sequences are not substantially different in the 5MTr and 5MTs lines, the increased levels of ASA2 mRNA in the 5MTr lines are most likely due to changes in a regulatory gene affecting ASA2 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Song
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this double-blind study, we administered lumbar epidural bupivacaine or bupivacaine plus verapamil to investigate the possible role of the calcium channel blocker, verapamil, in postoperative pain. One hundred patients (ASA physical class I or II) scheduled for lower abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group 1 received 10 mL of 0.5% epidural bupivacaine injected 15 min before incision, followed by 10 mL of epidural normal saline 30 min after incision. Group 2 received 10 mL of epidural normal saline injected before incision, followed by 10 mL of 0.5% epidural bupivacaine 30 min after incision. Group 3 received 10 mL of 0.5% epidural bupivacaine plus 5 mg of verapamil injected before incision, followed by 10 mL of epidural normal saline 30 min after incision. Group 4 received the same drugs as Group 3, in the reverse order. Pain and mood numeric rating scores, sedation scores, Prince Henry scores, patient-controlled cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption, and the incidence of side effects were assessed 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the operation in each group. Cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption in Groups 3 and 4 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in Groups 1 and 2 24 and 48 h after surgery. There were no differences in the pain, mood, and sedation scores and the incidence of side effects among the four groups. We conclude that epidural verapamil decreases postoperative pain, possibly by interfering with normal sensory processing and by preventing the establishment of central sensitization. IMPLICATIONS Calcium plays an important role in pain physiology at the spinal cord level. We examined the effect of bupivacaine plus verapamil (calcium channel blocker) and of bupivacaine alone. We demonstrated that the combination, administered epidurally, resulted in less postoperative analgesic consumption than bupivacaine alone.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Abdomen/surgery
- Adult
- Affect/drug effects
- Analgesia, Epidural
- Analgesia, Patient-Controlled
- Analgesics/administration & dosage
- Analgesics/therapeutic use
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Analysis of Variance
- Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects
- Bupivacaine/administration & dosage
- Bupivacaine/adverse effects
- Calcium Channel Blockers/administration & dosage
- Calcium Channel Blockers/adverse effects
- Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Consciousness/drug effects
- Double-Blind Method
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Incidence
- Injections, Epidural
- Middle Aged
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Morphine/adverse effects
- Morphine/therapeutic use
- Pain, Postoperative/physiopathology
- Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control
- Premedication
- Sensation/drug effects
- Sodium Chloride
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/physiopathology
- Verapamil/administration & dosage
- Verapamil/adverse effects
- Verapamil/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Choe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study was designed to examine the optimal time of injection of a small dose of fentanyl during anesthetic induction to attenuate circulatory responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. One hundred seventy patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups. In Groups II, III, IV, and V, patients received fentanyl (2 microg/kg) 1, 3, 5, or 10 min before tracheal intubation, respectively. Group I patients did not receive fentanyl and served as the control group. In Groups III and IV, blood pressures were not increased, except diastolic pressure in Group III, significantly postintubation compared with preinduction values; but Groups I, II, and V showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). The 1-min postintubation values of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in Groups III and IV were less than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Increases of heart rate in Group IV were less (P < 0.05) than those in the control group, but significant differences were not observed in Groups II, III, and V. The number of patients with tachycardia and dysrhythmia was significantly smaller in Group IV than in the control group (P < 0.05). We conclude that the most effective time to administer fentanyl to protect circulatory responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation is 5 min before tracheal intubation. IMPLICATIONS Fentanyl is often used to reduce the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. However, large doses may cause unwanted side effects. Administration of fentanyl at the optimal time reduces the dose required. Our results indicate that optimal injection time of fentanyl for intubation is 5 min before intubation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to examine the direct effects of propofol on ischemia-reperfusion injury using an isolated Langendorff rat heart preparation. Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution (control); intralipid; or 10, 30, and 100 microM propofol. Hearts were rendered globally ischemic for 25 min, then reperfusion was begun with K-H solution for 30 min. Treatment with 100 microM propofol delayed the onset of contracture during ischemia compared with control or intralipid treatments (6.4 +/- 2.1 vs 4.4 +/- 1.4 or 4.1 +/- 0.7 min, respectively; P < 0.05). During reperfusion, 100 microM propofol increased coronary flow and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release compared with control or intralipid treatments. After 30 min of reperfusion, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) returned to 55 and 76 mm Hg in the 30 and 100 microM propofol-treated groups, respectively, whereas LVDP was 39 mm Hg in the control group. The hearts treated with 100 microM propofol showed significantly lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure compared with the control or intralipid groups 30 min after reperfusion (29 +/- 13 vs 48 +/- 5 or 48 +/- 11 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.05). In histological evaluation, control and intralipid hearts had increased injury severity scores compared with hearts treated with 100 microM propofol (1.8 +/- 0.9 and 1.7 +/- 0.8 vs 1.0 +/- 0.7, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that propofol administered before and during global myocardial ischemia has cardioprotective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. IMPLICATIONS It is important to protect the heart from injury by ischemia and reperfusion. The current study demonstrates that in the isolated rat heart, propofol attenuates mechanical, biochemical, and histological changes causes by ischemia and reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel underlies the increase in potassium permeability during hypoxia and ischemia. The increased outward potassium current during ischemia may be an endogenous cardioprotective mechanism. This study was designed to determine the effects of ketamine on KATP channel in rat hearts. METHODS Inside-out and cell-attached configurations of patch-clamp techniques and 3 M potassium chloride-filled conventional microelectrodes were used to investigate the effect of ketamine on KATP channel currents in single rat ventricular myocytes and on the action potential duration of rat papillary muscles, respectively. RESULTS Ketamine inhibited KATP channel activity in rat ventricular myocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. In the inside-out patches, the concentration of ketamine for half-maximal inhibition and the Hill coefficient were 62.9 microM and 0.54, respectively. In a concentration-dependent manner, ketamine inhibited pinacidil- and 2,4-dinitrophenol-activated KATP channels in cell-attached patches. The application of ketamine to the intracellular side of membrane patches did not affect the conduction of single-channel currents of KATP channels. Ketamine increased the action potential duration, which was then shortened by pinacidil in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Ketamine inhibited KATP channel activity in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that ketamine may attenuate the cardioprotective effects of the KATP channel during ischemia and reperfusion in the rat myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Ko
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Keum-Am Dong Chonju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Choe H, Choi YS, Kim YH, Ko SH, Choi HG, Han YJ, Song HS. Epidural morphine plus ketamine for upper abdominal surgery: improved analgesia from preincisional versus postincisional administration. Anesth Analg 1997; 84:560-3. [PMID: 9052301 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199703000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased postoperative pain may be caused by central nervous system plasticity, which may be related to actions of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors on neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Opioids act mainly on presynaptic receptors and reduce neurotransmitter release, while ketamine antagonizes NMDA receptors and prevents wind-up and long-term potentiation. Thus, we postulated that central nervous system sensitization would be prevented more effectively by the preoperative use of these two drugs simultaneously, and the effect of preemptive analgesia would be demonstrated. Ketamine, 60 mg, and morphine, 2 mg, were injected epidurally through an indwelling catheter that was inserted at the T7-8 interspace in 60 ASA physical status class 1-2 patients. The drugs were injected before induction of anesthesia (Group 1; n = 30) or immediately after removal of a surgical specimen (Group 2; n = 30). An additional 2 mg of morphine was injected when the patients complained of resting pain. The analgesic effect was assessed by the time from first analgesic injection to second dose and the number of patients who needed supplemental injections. Complications were also noted. The duration of analgesia was longer (P < 0.01) in Group 1 (31.1 +/- 16.0 h) than in Group 2 (21.1 +/- 12.0 h), and the proportion of patients who needed supplemental injections was decreased (P < 0.05) in Group 1 (56.7%) compared with Group 2 (90.0%). The incidence of adverse effects was not different between the two groups. In conclusion, preoperative administration of morphine and ketamine is more effective in reducing postoperative pain than it is when given during the operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Choe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
In order to get information about changes in the masseter muscle when operations are performed on the mandibular angle area, we classified 70 New Zealand White rabbits into group O (ostectomy) and group D (dissection). In group O we performed unilateral ostectomy of the mandibular angle, while in group D we performed unilateral dissection of the masseter muscle limited to the mandibular angle area. Then we compared morphologic, histologic, and histochemical changes in experimental masseter muscles with those in normal control masseter muscles. We examined 5 rabbits in each group at the following intervals: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. In group D (dissection), there were no remarkable changes at all examinations. In group O (ostectomy), there was a 30 percent decrease in experimental muscle mass compared with control muscle. On examination of muscle fiber types, a decrease in type I fibers and an increase in type IIA and IIB fibers were noticed (p < 0.05). Each experimental muscle fiber became more irregularly and angularly shaped, and mean fiber area also was reduced. Sarcomere lengths of experimental muscle fibers were significantly reduced to 80 percent of control values (p < 0.05) during the first 4 weeks, but after 6 weeks they were lengthened to control values. Collagen and fibrin did not show much difference between experimental and control muscles. All these findings imply that masseter muscle atrophy after ostectomy of the mandibular angle is not due to connective-tissue changes but to individual muscle fiber atrophy accompanied by functional adaptation of sarcomeres and changes in muscle fiber types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Park HS, Kim DW, Kim CC, Kim HK, Kim JS, Hwang TJ, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Song HS, Park JW, Ahn HS, Chung TJ, Cho KS, Lee KS, Choi YM. Induction chemotherapy with idarubicin plus N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in acute myelogenous leukemia: a newly designed induction regimen--a prospective, cooperative multicenter study. Semin Hematol 1996; 33:24-9. [PMID: 8916313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the results of induction chemotherapy with idarubicin (IDA) plus N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BH-AC), a newly designed induction regimen, in cases of previously untreated acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The study was conducted by the Multicenter Clinical Study Group of the Korean Biologic Response Modifier Society (KBRMS). From March 1994 through January 1995, 40 patients were treated. The median age was 30 years (range, 15 months to 65 years), with a distribution according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification of one MO, nine MI, 15 M2, six M3, four M4, and five M5 patients. Remission induction therapy consisted of IDA 12 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) over 30 minutes daily on days 1 to 3, in combination with BH-AC 300 mg/m2 over 4 hours daily on days 1 to 7 (in patients aged 41 to 65 years, BH-AC dosage was decreased to 200 mg/m2/d). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 30 patients (75%), 22 by the first induction therapy and eight by the second induction therapy. Ten patients (25%) failed to respond to therapy, six due to resistant disease and four due to death caused by aplasia. The time to CR was 30 days, the median granulocytopenic period was 19 days, and the thrombocytopenic period was 24 days. All nonhematologic side effects such as nausea, vomiting, mucositis, skin eruption, liver and cardiac dysfunction, and neurotoxicity, were transient and tolerable. These data indicate an efficacy comparable to that of other combinations of IDA (or other anthracyclines) with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) for remission induction in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Park
- Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
See LC, Song HS, Ku WC, Lee JS, Liang YS, Shieh WB. Neglect of childhood strabismus: Keelung Ann-Lo Community ocular survey 1993-1995. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1996; 19:217-24. [PMID: 8921638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Strabismus is a major cause of amblyopia. Parents not aware of the adverse outcome of untreated strabismus is thought to be a major reason of their affected child not being discovered earlier. An ocular survey was therefore conducted to examine the relative neglect of strabismus by the public, using myopia as a reference eye disorder. Specific objectives included estimating the prevalence of these ocular diseases, comparing the self-reported rate to the test-based rate, and investigating how much parents knew about these ocular diseases. Between 1993 and 1995, 862 elementary students in the first, third, and sixth grade at Keelung Ann-Lo Community were screened. The prevalence of manifest strabismus was 1.62% (95% CI = 1.19% approximately 2.05%). Of those with strabismus, three (21.4%) knew that they had strabismus. Neither the prevalence nor the self-known proportion of strabismus changed substantially with school grade, suggesting that the majority of strabismus afflicted children remain unrecognized during their elementary school years. The amblyopia proportion in those with tropia was 42.9% and reduced to 21.5% after abnormal refractive error was excluded. Of six knowledge statements about each ocular disorder, parents answered 2.13 (SD = 1.40) strabismus statements correctly, which was significantly less than their response on myopia statements (4.32 with SD = 1.24) (p < .0001). Onset age of strabismus was the question answered least correctly, implying that parents are not aware of the timing of treating strabismus. Our findings suggest that childhood strabismus was neglected by the public before the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI). Should a similar study continued to be conducted in the future, the efficacy of NHI in the early recognition and treatment on childhood strabismus can be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C See
- Department of Public Health, Chang Gung College of Medicine and Technology, Kweisan, Taoyuan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
|
44
|
Song HS, Ku WC, Yeh SF. Clinical application of simultaneous pattern VEP and pattern ERG recording. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1995; 18:133-9. [PMID: 7641105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen eyes of optic neuropathy and 13 eyes of maculopathy during Sep. 1990-May 1992 were studied by simultaneous pattern VEP (PVEP) and pattern ERG (PERG) recording. In optic neuropathy, the P100 of PVEP was delayed in 7 eyes (ave. 108.87 msec; normal 94.41 +/- 3.51 msec), absent in 5 eyes, normal in 1 eye. Their PERG showed normal P50 amplitude (either normal or delayed latency) but small or absent N95 in 8 eyes. In maculopathy, the P100 of PVEP was delayed in 2 eyes (ave. 103.59msec), absent in 7 eyes, normal in 4 eyes. However, their PERG showed 12 eyes had small or absent P50. Combined PVEP & PERG test, when compared to PVEP alone, increased the diagnostic value from 57.1% to 100% for optic neuropathy and from 42.9% to 80% for maculopathy in this study. Thus, simultaneous PVEP & PERG recording is highly recommended in evaluation of anterior visual pathway disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, at Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Abstract
Since the development of mandibular contouring surgery, there have been many unfavorable results due to technical reasons. Those results include asymmetry, undercorrection, overcorrection, and an incorrect contour line. Over three years the authors have analyzed 19 cases of unfavorable results and found the following: (1) There have been 7 cases of undercorrection, 5 cases of asymmetry, 5 cases of incorrect contour line, and 2 cases of overcorrection. (2) The main technical errors that cause unfavorable results seem to be the simple straight cutting of mandible angles instead of curved cutting using multistaged curved ostectomy. (3) We suggest that the basic way to prevent unfavorable results in mandibular contouring surgery is to contour the mandible, including angle, body, and symphysis, as a whole by way of multistaged curved ostectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Yang
- Jelim Aesthetic Plastic Surgical Clinic, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Baek MS, Choi SY, Song HS. Exclusive heavy-meson pair production at large recoil. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1994; 50:4363-4371. [PMID: 10018076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.50.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
We have compared changes in vocal function produced after insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with those produced by tracheal intubation in 20 patients. Using acoustic waveform analysis, we computed amplitude variability (AV), pitch variability (PV), harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) and additive noise level (ANL) before anaesthesia and at 1, 4, and 24 h after tracheal extubation. There were no significant changes in vocal function after extubation except for HNR ratio (P = 0.046) at 4 h in the LMA group. There were differences in all four variables at 1 h, 4 h, or both, after tracheal extubation compared with baseline in the tracheal tube group. In both groups, all variables were the same as baseline values 24 h after extubation. We observed significant differences in AV (4 h), PV and ANL (1, 4 h) values between the two groups. These observations suggest that the LMA causes less vocal change than tracheal intubation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Choi SY, Shim JS, Song HS. Factorization of gravitational Compton scattering amplitude in the linearized version of general relativity. Int J Clin Exp Med 1993; 48:2953-2956. [PMID: 10016548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|