1
|
Ibrahim IAA, Alzahrani AR, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Shahid I, Falemban AH, Nur Azlina MF, Arulselvan P. Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol/Folic Acid/Brucine Nanocomposites and Their Anticancer Activity on HepG2 Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1109-1124. [PMID: 38344441 PMCID: PMC10854405 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s445206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer and the second major cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. Cancer nanotechnology has the ability to fundamentally alter cancer treatment, diagnosis, and detection. Objective In this study, we explained the development of graphene oxide/polyethylene glycol/folic acid/brucine nanocomposites (GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs) and evaluated their antimicrobial and anticancer effect on the liver cancer HepG2 cells. Methodology The GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs were prepared using the co-precipitation technique and characterized using various techniques. The cytotoxicity of the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs was tested against both liver cancer HepG2 and non-malignant Vero cells using an MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs was tested against several pathogens using the well diffusion technique. The effects of GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs on endogenous ROS accumulation, apoptosis, and MMP levels were examined using corresponding fluorescent staining assays, respectively. The apoptotic protein expressions, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspases, were studied using the corresponding kits. Results The findings of various characterization assays revealed the development of GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs with face-centered spherical morphology and an agglomerated appearance with an average size of 197.40 nm. The GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs treatment remarkably inhibited the growth of the tested pathogens. The findings of the MTT assay evidenced that the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs effectively reduced the HepG2 cell growth while not showing toxicity to the Vero cells. The findings of the fluorescent assay proved that the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs increased ROS generation, reduced MMP levels, and promoted apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. The levels of Bax, caspase-9, and -3 were increased, and Bcl-2 was reduced in the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs-treated HepG2 cells. Conclusion The results of this work demonstrate that GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs suppress viability and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells, indicating their potential as an anticancer candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shahzad N, Alzahrani AR, Aziz Ibrahim IA, Shahid I, Alanazi IM, Falemban AH, Imam MT, Mohsin N, Azlina MFN, Arulselvan P. Therapeutic strategy of biological macromolecules based natural bioactive compounds of diabetes mellitus and future perspectives: A systematic review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24207. [PMID: 38298622 PMCID: PMC10828662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome known as diabetes mellitus. More than 600 million people will have diabetes by 2045 as the global prevalence of the disease continues to rise. Contemporary antidiabetic drugs reduce hyperglycemia and its consequences. However, these drugs come with undesirable side effects, so it's encouraging that research into plant extracts and bioactive substances with antidiabetic characteristics is on the rise. Natural remedies are preferable to conventional anti-diabetic drugs since they are safer for the body, more affordable and have fewer potential adverse effects. Biological macromolecules such as liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and metallic nanoparticles are explored in this review. Current drug restrictions have been addressed, and the effectiveness of plant-based antidiabetic therapies has enhanced the merits of these methods. Plant extracts' loading capacity and the carriers' stability are the primary obstacles in developing plant-based nanocarriers. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic drugs are covered, and a brief overview of the amphipathic features of liposomes, phospholipids, and lipid nanocarriers is provided. Metallic nanoparticles' benefits and attendant risks are highlighted to emphasize their efficiency in treating hyperglycemia. Researchers interested in the potential of nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts as antidiabetic therapeutics may find the current helpful review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Mohsin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ibrahim IAA, Alzahrani AR, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Shahid I, Falemban AH, Azlina MFN, Arulselvan P. Carbohydrate polymers-based surface modified nano delivery systems for enhanced target delivery to colon cancer - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126581. [PMID: 37652322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate polymers-based surface-modified nano-delivery systems have gained significant attention in recent years for enhancing targeted delivery to colon cancer. These systems leverage carbohydrate polymers' unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and controlled release. These properties make them suitable candidates for drug delivery applications. Nano-delivery systems loaded with bioactive compounds are well-studied for targeted colorectal cancer delivery. However, those drugs' target reach is still limited in various nano-delivery systems. To overcome this limitation, surface modification of nanoparticles with carbohydrate polymers like chitosan, pectin, alginate, and guar gum showed enhanced target-reaching capacity along with enhanced anticancer efficacy. Recently, a chitosan-decorated PLGA nanoparticle was constructed with tannic acid and vitamin E and showed long-term release of specific targets along with higher anticancer efficacy. Similarly, Chitosan-conjugated glucuronic acid-coated silica nanoparticles loaded with capecitabine were studied against colon cancer and found to be the pH-responsive controlled release of capecitabine with higher anticancer efficacy. Surface-modified carbohydrate polymers have promising potential for improving colon cancer target delivery. By leveraging the unique properties of these polymers, such as surface modification, pH responsiveness, mucoadhesion, controlled drug release, and combination therapy, researchers are working toward developing more effective and targeted treatment strategies for colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibrahim IAA, Alzahrani AR, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Shahid I, Falemban AH, Azlina MFN, Arulselvan P. Chitosan biopolymer functionalized with graphene oxide and titanium dioxide with Escin metallic nanocomposites for anticancer potential against colon cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127334. [PMID: 37820908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Our study produced GO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites (GTCEnc), characterized them using physical and biological methods, and evaluated their potential as cancer treatment candidates. Standard protocols were used to produce GTCEnc. Nanocomposites are created using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and PL spectroscopy analysis. The morphology and ultrastructure of nanocomposites were investigated using SEM and TEM. Nanocomposites containing TiO2, GO, chitosan, and escin nanostructures were characterized using diffraction, microscopy, and spectroscopy; the antimicrobial activity of GTCEnc was investigated. Various methods were used to test the anticancer activity of GTCEnc against COLO 205 cell lines, including MTT, EtBr/AO, DAPI, JC-1, Annexin-V/FITC, cell cycle analysis, and activation of pro-apoptotic markers, such as caspase-3, -8, and -9. The nanocomposites were cytotoxic to COLO 205 cells, with an IC50 of 22.68 μg/mL, but not to 293T cells. In cells treated with nanomaterials, cytotoxicity, nuclear damage, apoptosis induction, and free radical production were significantly increased. Our finding suggests that GTCEnc has potent anticancer and antibacterial activity in vitro because of its unique nanocomposite properties and antibacterial and anticancer activity in vitro. Additional research is required to understand the clinical efficacy of these nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alzahrani AR, Ibrahim IAA, Shahzad N, Shahid I, Alanazi IM, Falemban AH, Azlina MFN. An application of carbohydrate polymers-based surface-modified gold nanoparticles for improved target delivery to liver cancer therapy - A systemic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126889. [PMID: 37714232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have been broadly investigated as cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Gold nanoparticles are a favorable drug delivery vehicle with their unique subcellular size and good biocompatibility. Chitosan, agarose, fucoidan, porphyran, carrageenan, ulvan and alginate are all examples of biologically active macromolecules. Since they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and irritant-free, they find extensive application in biomedical and macromolecules. The versatility of these compounds is enhanced because they are amenable to modification by functional groups like sulfation, acetylation, and carboxylation. In an eco-friendly preparation process, the biocompatibility and targeting of GNPs can be improved by functionalizing them with polysaccharides. This article provides an update on using carbohydrate-based GNPs in liver cancer treatment, imaging, and drug administration. Selective surface modification of several carbohydrate types and further biological uses of GNPs are focused on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hassan SU, Khalid I, Hussain L, Imam MT, Shahid I. Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment. Gels 2023; 9:841. [PMID: 37998931 PMCID: PMC10670406 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated pH-responsive Terbinafine HCL (TBH)-loaded nanogels as a new approach to treating superficial fungal infections. Acrylic acid (AA) is a synthetic monomer that was crosslinked with a natural polymer (gelatin) using a free radical polymerization technique to fabricate gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels. Ammonium persulphate (APS) and N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as the initiator and crosslinker, respectively. Developed gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels were evaluated for the swelling study (pH 1.2, 5, 7.4), DEE, particle size, FTIR, thermal stability (TGA, DSC), XRD, SEM, DEE, and in vitro drug release study to obtain optimized nanogels. Optimized nanogels were incorporated into 1% HPMC gel and then evaluated in comparison with Lamisil cream 1% for TBH stratum corneum retention, skin irritation, and in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity studies. Optimized nanogels (AAG 7) demonstrated a 255 nm particle size, 82.37% DEE, pH-dependent swelling, 92.15% of drug release (pH) 7.4 within 12 h, and a larger zone of inhibition compared to Lamisil cream. HPMC-loaded nanogels significantly improved the TBH skin retention percentage, as revealed by an ex vivo skin retention study, indicating the usefulness of nanogels for topical use. In vivo studies conducted on animal models infected with a fungal infection have further confirmed the effectiveness of nanogels compared with the Lamisil cream. Hence, Gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels carrying poorly soluble TBH can be a promising approach for treating superficial fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shams ul Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad T. Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Irfan M, Tahir N, Zahid M, Noreen S, Yaseen M, Shahbaz M, Mustafa G, Shakoor RA, Shahid I. The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO 4 Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye. Molecules 2023; 28:7022. [PMID: 37894501 PMCID: PMC10609150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization are the two significant issues causing environmental pollution. The polluted water from various industries contains refractory organic materials such as dyes. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor metal oxides is an effective remediation technique for wastewater treatment. In this research, we used a co-precipitation-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize a novel I-FeWO4/GO sunlight-active nanocomposite. Introducing dopant reductive iodine species improved the catalytic activity of FeWO4/GO. I- ions improved the catalytic performance of H2O2 by doping into FeWO4/GO composite. Due to I- doping and the introduction of graphene as a support medium, enhanced charge separation and transfer were observed, which is crucial for efficient heterogeneous surface reactions. Various techniques, like FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, were used to characterize composites. The Tauc plot method was used to calculate pristine and iodine-doped FeWO4/GO bandgap. Iodine doping reduced the bandgap from 2.8 eV to 2.6 eV. The degradation of methylene blue (MB) was evaluated by optimizing various parameters like catalyst concentration, oxidant dose, pH, and time. The optimum conditions for photocatalysts where maximum degradation occurred were pH = 7 for both FeWO4/GO and I-FeWO4/GO; oxidant dose = 9 mM and 7 mM for FeWO4/GO and I-FeWO4/GO; and catalyst concentration = 30 mg and 35 mg/100 mL for FeWO4/GO and I-FeWO4/GO; the optimum time was 120 min. Under these optimum conditions, FeWO4/GO and I-FeWO4/GO showed 92.0% and 97.0% degradation of MB dye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.I.); (N.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Noor Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.I.); (N.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.I.); (N.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.I.); (N.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Faisalabad 38800, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Rana Abdul Shakoor
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mufti IU, Sufyan M, Shahid I, Alzahrani AR, Shahzad N, M Alanazi IM, Ibrahim IAA, Rehman S. Computer-aided identification of dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitors: an integrated molecular modelling approach for screening of phytochemicals. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37747078 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2259496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Globally, dengue (DENV) fever has appeared as the most widespread vector-borne disease, affecting more than 100 million individuals annually. No approved anti-DENV therapy or preventive vaccine is available yet. DENV NS3 protein is associated with protease activity and is essential for viral replication process within the host cell. NS2B is linked with NS3 protein as a cofactor. Hence, NS3/NS2B is a potential druggable target for developing inhibitors against dengue virus. In the present study, a dataset of Beta vulgaris L.-based natural compounds was developed. Virtual ligand screening of 30 phytochemicals was carried out to find novel inhibitors against the NS2B/NS3 protein. Spatial affinity, drug-likeness, and binding behaviors of selected phytochemicals were analyzed. Post-simulation analysis, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), MMGBSA, and Co-relation analysis, was also performed to provide deep insight for elucidating protein-ligand complexes. This computer-aided screening scrutinized four potent phytochemicals, including betavulgaroside II, vitexin xyloside, epicatechin, and isovitexin2-O-xyloside inhibitors exhibiting optimal binding with viral NS3/NS2B protein. Our study brings novel scaffolds against DENV NS2B/NS3 of serotype-2 to act as lead molecules for further biological optimization. In future, this study will prompt the exploration and development of adjuvant anti-DENV therapy based on natural compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isra Umbreen Mufti
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sufyan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AlAbidiyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AlAbidiyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AlAbidiyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mufadhi M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AlAbidiyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, AlAbidiyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deitch J, Yates CJ, Hamblin PS, Kevat D, Shahid I, Teale G, Lee I. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal obesity and associated perinatal outcomes over 10 years in an Australian tertiary maternity provider. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 203:110793. [PMID: 37343727 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) criteria have been heavily scrutinised with concerns that the consequent GDM prevalence increase has not been associated with improved perinatal outcomes. AIMS At a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia we aimed to evaluate prevalence trends for GDM, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), maternal obesity and large-for-gestational age (LGA) and assess changes in perinatal outcomes following IADPSG criteria uptake in 2015. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of singleton births from 20 weeks' gestation was conducted between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2020. Maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes were extracted from medical records. RESULTS 52,795 pregnancies were included. GDM prevalence increased 2.7 times from 8.9% in 2011 to 23.7% in 2020 and increased annually by 8.59% (95%CI 7.77, 9.42). The rate of T2DM increased annually by 11.69% (95%CI 7.72, 16.67). Obesity prevalence increased annually by 3.18% (95%CI 2.58, 3.78). Induction of labour (IOL) prevalence increased annually by 8.35% (95%CI 5.69, 11.06). LGA prevalence remained unchanged. Increasing maternal obesity was the major contributing factor for LGA prevalence. CONCLUSIONS From 2011 to 2020 GDM, obesity and T2DM prevalence increased significantly, with associated increased IOL, without change in LGA rates. Prospective studies are required to explore interactions between GDM, obesity, LGA and obstetric interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Deitch
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - C J Yates
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - P S Hamblin
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Kevat
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetric Medicine, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - I Shahid
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Teale
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - I Lee
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tahir N, Zahid M, Jillani A, Tahir S, Yaseen M, Abbas Q, Abdul Shakoor R, Hussain SZ, Shahid I. Impact of alternate Mn doping in ternary nanocomposites on their structural, optical and antimicrobial properties: Comparative analysis of photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activity. J Environ Manage 2023; 337:117706. [PMID: 36933533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was done to investigate and compare the photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of two in situ Manganese doped ternary nanocomposites. The dual ternary hybrid systems comprised Mn-doped Ag2WO4 coupled with MoS2-GO and Mn-doped MoS2 coupled with Ag2WO4-GO. Both hierarchical alternate Mn-doped ternary heterojunctions formed efficient plasmonic catalysts for wastewater treatment. The novel nanocomposites were well-characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, HR-TEM, XPS, UV-VIS DRS, and PL techniques confirming the successful insertion of Mn+2 ions in respective host substrates. The bandgap of the ternary nanocomposites evaluated by the tauc plot showed them visible light-active nanocomposites. The photocatalytic ability of both Mn-doped coupled nanocomposites was investigated against the dye methylene blue. Both ternary nanocomposites showed excellent sunlight harvesting ability for dye degradation in 60 min. The maximum catalytic efficiency of both photocatalysts was obtained at a solution pH value of 8, photocatalyst dose and oxidant dose of 30 mg/100 mL and 1 mM for Mn-Ag2WO4/MoS2-GO, 50 mg/100 mL, 3 mM for Mn-MoS2/Ag2WO4-GO keeping IDC of 10 ppm for all photocatalysts. The nanocomposites showed excellent photocatalytic stability after five successive cycles. The response surface methodology was used as a statistical tool for the evaluation of the photocatalytic response of several interacting parameters for dye degradation by ternary composites. The antibacterial activity was determined by the inactivation of gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria by support-based doped ternary hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad- 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad- 38040 Pakistan.
| | - Asim Jillani
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suman Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad- 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rana Abdul Shakoor
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Farhan A, Zahid M, Tahir N, Mansha A, Yaseen M, Mustafa G, Alamir MA, Alarifi IM, Shahid I. Investigation of boron-doped graphene oxide anchored with copper sulphide flowers as visible light active photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9497. [PMID: 37308524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-biodegradable nature of waste emitted from the agriculture and industrial sector contaminates freshwater reserves. Fabrication of highly effective and low-cost heterogeneous photocatalysts is crucial for sustainable wastewater treatment. The present research study aims to construct a novel photocatalyst using a facile ultrasonication-assisted hydrothermal method. Metal sulphides and doped carbon support materials work well to fabricate hybrid sunlight active systems that efficiently harness green energy and are eco-friendly. Boron-doped graphene oxide-supported copper sulphide nanocomposite was synthesized hydrothermally and was assessed for sunlight-assisted photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. BGO/CuS was characterized through various techniques such as SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, FTIR, BET, PL, and UV-Vis DRS spectroscopy. The bandgap of BGO-CuS was found to be 2.51 eV as evaluated through the tauc plot method. The enhanced dye degradation was obtained at optimum conditions of pH = 8, catalyst concentration (20 mg/100 mL for BGO-CuS), oxidant dose (10 mM for BGO-CuS), and optimum time of irradiation was 60 min. The novel boron-doped nanocomposite effectively degraded methylene blue up to 95% under sunlight. Holes and hydroxyl radicals were the key reactive species. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the interaction among several interacting parameters to remove dye methylene blue effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, G. C. University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A Alamir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alarifi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Riyadh, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Centre (ESC), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Imam MT, Almalki ZS, Alzahrani AR, Al-Ghamdi SS, Falemban AH, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Muhammad Alrooqi M, Jabeen Q, Shahid I. COVID-19 and severity of liver diseases: Possible crosstalk and clinical implications. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110439. [PMID: 37315370 PMCID: PMC10247890 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19-infected individuals and those who recovered from the infection have been demonstrated to have elevated liver enzymes or abnormal liver biochemistries, particularly with preexisting liver diseases, liver metabolic disorders, viral hepatitis, and other hepatic comorbidities. However, possible crosstalk and intricate interplay between COVID-19 and liver disease severity are still elusive, and the available data are murky and confined. Similarly, the syndemic of other blood-borne infectious diseases, chemical-induced liver injuries, and chronic hepatic diseases continued to take lives while showing signs of worsening due to the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, the pandemic is not over yet and is transitioning to becoming an epidemic in recent years; hence, monitoring liver function tests (LFTs) and assessing hepatic consequences of COVID-19 in patients with or without liver illnesses would be of paramount interest. This pragmatic review explores the correlations between COVID-19 and liver disease severity based on abnormal liver biochemistries and other possible mechanisms in individuals of all ages from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic to the post-pandemic period. The review also alludes to clinical perspectives of such interactions to curb overlapping hepatic diseases in people who recovered from the infection or living with long COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad S Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed S Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa H Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Qaisar Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alzahrani AR, Jabeen Q, Shahid I, Al-Ghamdi SS, Shahzad N, Rehman S, Algarni AS, Bamagous GA, AlanazI IMM, Ibrahim IAA. SARS-CoV-2 Detection and COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Bird's Eye View. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2023; 18:181-205. [PMID: 37069722 DOI: 10.2174/1574887118666230413092826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continued worldwide by administering firsttime emergency authorized novel mRNA-based and conventional vector-antigen-based anti- COVID-19 vaccines to prevent further transmission of the virus as well as to reduce the severe respiratory complications of the infection in infected individuals. However; the emergence of numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants is of concern, and the identification of certain breakthrough and reinfection cases in vaccinated individuals as well as new cases soaring in some low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) and even in some resource-replete nations have raised concerns that only vaccine jabs would not be sufficient to control and vanquishing the pandemic. Lack of screening for asymptomatic COVID-19-infected subjects and inefficient management of diagnosed COVID-19 infections also pose some concerns and the need to fill the gaps among policies and strategies to reduce the pandemic in hospitals, healthcare services, and the general community. For this purpose, the development and deployment of rapid screening and diagnostic procedures are prerequisites in premises with high infection rates as well as to screen mass unaffected COVID-19 populations. Novel methods of variant identification and genome surveillance studies would be an asset to minimize virus transmission and infection severity. The proposition of this pragmatic review explores current paradigms for the screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants, identification, and diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, and insights into the late-stage development of new methods to better understand virus super spread variants and genome surveillance studies to predict pandemic trajectories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed S Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Functional Genomics Laboratory, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Bamagous
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mufadhi M AlanazI
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shahid I, Joseph A, Lancelot E. Use of Real-Life Safety Data From International Pharmacovigilance Databases to Assess the Importance of Symptoms Associated With Gadolinium Exposure. Invest Radiol 2022; 57:664-673. [PMID: 35471204 PMCID: PMC9444285 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent scientific publications have reported cases of patients who complained from a variety of symptoms after they received a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA). The aim of this study was to appreciate the importance of these clinical manifestations in the overall population by assessing the weight of "symptoms associated with gadolinium exposure" (SAGE) among the bulk of safety experiences reported to major health authorities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Symptoms associated with gadolinium exposure were identified from a review of the scientific literature, and the corresponding preferred terms were searched in each system organ class (SOC) category recorded in the European and North American pharmacovigilance databases EudraVigilance (EV) and FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), respectively. The numbers of SAGE per preferred term, and cumulatively per SOC, were recorded and their weights in the overall spectrum of adverse events (AEs) were determined for each GBCA. RESULTS The analysis of the selected AEs revealed a significantly higher SAGE weight for gadobenate dimeglumine (EV: 25.83%, FAERS: 32.24%) than for gadoteridol (EV: 15.51%; FAERS: 21.13%) and significantly lower SAGE weights for gadobutrol (EV: 7.75%; FAERS: 13.31%) and gadoterate meglumine (EV: 8.66%; FAERS: 12.99%). A similar ranking was found for most of the SOCs except for "nervous system disorders," probably owing to a limitation in the methods of data selection. Furthermore, this analysis showed a greater percentage of reports mentioning a decrease in the quality of life of the patients when they were exposed to gadobenate dimeglumine or gadoteridol than to gadobutrol or gadoterate meglumine. CONCLUSION This study showed that SAGE represent a significant percentage of the bulk of AEs reported to the health authorities for each GBCA. It provided real-life arguments suggesting that SAGE may be more prevalent with linear than macrocyclic GBCAs and that gadoteridol may present a higher SAGE risk than the other macrocyclic contrast agents.
Collapse
|
15
|
Alzahrani AR, Shahid I. Determination of Analgesic Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Brassica campestris Leaves in Rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2022. [DOI: 10.5530/pres.14.3.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
16
|
Shahid I. nSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Pandemic: From Emergence to Vaccination. Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Med J 2022. [PMCID: PMC9083482 DOI: 10.1007/s44229-022-00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first emergence in Wuhan, China, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (nSARS-CoV-2)-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has alarmingly disrupted the world’s healthcare systems and evolved as a major public health threat around the globe. Despite the advent and emergency use listing (EUL) of mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines to prevent the further transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the pandemic burden is still significant worldwide as new cases are being reported daily. It is the first time in vaccine history that vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been rapidly designed, developed, and clinically evaluated and surprisingly, they have worked better than clinical trial data predicted. However, this EUL of vaccines prior to full approvals stems from the perception of inadequate testing and experience with benefit–risk balance. Similarly, the emergence of superspreader SARS-CoV-2 mutant virus strains at the end of 2020 has also raised concerns about the efficacies of approved vaccines in real-world clinical scenarios. The inconclusive, murky, and anecdotal reports about vaccine hesitancy, antibody-dependent enhancement of disease risk in vaccine injectors, and certain severe adverse events have also frightened a large segment of the world’s population, preventing them from receiving the vaccine. This review presents an overview of the remarkable efforts rendered by different vaccine producers to combat the pandemic, explains the challenges of vaccine safety and efficacies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and explores their potential roles in eradicating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nadeem N, Yaseen M, Rehan ZA, Zahid M, Shakoor RA, Jilani A, Iqbal J, Rasul S, Shahid I. Coal fly ash supported CoFe 2O 4 nanocomposites: Synergetic Fenton-like and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. Environ Res 2022; 206:112280. [PMID: 34756916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization is causing a serious threat for the environment. Therefore, this research was aimed in developing ceramic cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanocomposite photocatalyst coated with coal fly ash (CFA-CoFe2O4) using facile hydrothermal synthesis route and their applications against methylene blue. The pristine cobalt ferrite photocatalyst was also prepared, characterized, and applied for efficiency comparison. Prepared photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Optical response of catalysts was check using photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). pH drift method was used for the surface charge characteristics of the material under acidic and basic conditions of solution pH. The photocatalytic degradation potential of all the materials were determined under ultra-violet irradiations. The influencing reaction parameters like pH, catalyst dose, oxidant dose, dye concentration, and irradiation time, were sequentially optimized to obtain best suited conditions. The 99% degradation of 10 ppm methylene blue was achieved within 60 min of reaction time under pH = 5 and 7, catalyst dose = 10 and 12 mg/100 mL, oxidant = 12 mM and 5 mM for cobalt ferrite and CFA-CoFe2O4 photocatalysts, respectively. Afterwards, the radical scavenging experiments were conducted to find out the effective radical scavengers (˙OH, h+, and e-) in photocatalytic degradation process. The kinetic study of the process was done by applying 1st order, 2nd order, and BMG models. Statistical assessment of interaction effect among experimental variables was achieved using response surface methodology (RSM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan
- Department of Polymer Engineering, National Textile University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Abdul Shakoor
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asim Jilani
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Rasul
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, UK
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rehman S, Ali Ashfaq U, Sufyan M, Shahid I, Ijaz B, Hussain M. The Insight of In Silico and In Vitro evaluation of Beta vulgaris phytochemicals against Alzheimer's disease targeting acetylcholinesterase. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264074. [PMID: 35239683 PMCID: PMC8893657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
B. vulgaris extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory along with its role in improving memory disorders. Subsequently, in vitro and in silico studies of its purified phytochemicals may expand complementary and alternative Alzheimer’s therapeutic option. Super activation of acetylcholinesterase enzyme is associated explicitly with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ultimately resulting in senile dementia. Hence, acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition is employed as a promising approach for AD treatment. Many FDA approved drugs are unable to cure the disease progression completely. The Present study was devised to explore the potential bioactive phytochemicals of B. vulgaris as alternative therapeutic agents against AD by conducting in vitro and in silico studies. To achieve this, chemical structures of phytochemicals were recruited from PubChem. Further, these compounds were analyzed for their binding affinities towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Pharmacophoric ligand-based models showed major characteristics like, HBA, HBD, hydrophobicity, aromaticity and positively ionizable surface morphology for receptor binding. Virtual screening identified three hit compounds including betanin, myricetin and folic acid with least binding score compared to the reference drug, donepezil (-17 kcal/mol). Further, in vitro studies for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of betanin and glycine betaine were performed. Dose response analysis showed 1.271 μM and 1.203 μM 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for betanin and glycine betaine compounds respectively. Our findings indicate that phytoconstituents of B. vulgaris can be implicated as an alternative therapeutic drug candidate for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sufyan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mureed Hussain
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mazhar S, Qazi UY, Nadeem N, Zahid M, Jalil A, Khan F, Ul-Hasan I, Shahid I. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using polyaniline-based silver-doped zinc sulfide (PANI-Ag/ZnS) composites. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:9203-9217. [PMID: 34494196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to determine the photocatalytic degradation potential of polyaniline-based silver-doped zinc sulfide composite (PANI-Ag/ZnS) for effective degradation of methylene blue. The heterogeneous photocatalytic experiments were carried out by irradiating aqueous dye solutions with ultraviolet light (UV-254 nm). The catalysts (ZnS, Ag/ZnS, PANI-ZnS, and PANI-Ag/ZnS) were prepared successfully and characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). Combined with density functional theory calculations, a set of calculations has been performed for optimization, computation, and accuracy of the structure. After the optimization, the equilibrium lattice were a=b= (0.54447 nm), in good agreement with experimental results (a=b=c=0.54093 nm). Fermi energy levels Ef, indicating Ag-doped in ZnS as the impurity acceptor and for better visible-light photo-catalysis, narrow bandgap, and acceptor states are beneficial. The optimization of effective parameters like pH, catalyst dose, oxidant dose, dye concentration, and reaction time was carried out. The best degradation efficiency (> 95%) of PANI-Ag/ZnS composite against methylene was achieved within 60 min of reaction time under optimized conditions. The optimized conditions were recoded as follows: pH = 7, catalysts dose = 30 mg/L, oxidant dose = 3 mM, and irradiation time = 60 min under UV-254 nm for all catalysts. The central composite design (CCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was chosen as a statistical tool to obtain the correlation of influential parameters. Five successive reusability trials were carried out to check the stability of catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Mazhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Umair Yaqub Qazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P. O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nimra Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Jalil
- Department of Physics , Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareeda Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ul-Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P. O Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bilal M, Hassan M, Tahir DBT, Iqbal MS, Shahid I. Understanding the role of atmospheric circulations and dispersion of air pollution associated with extreme smog events over South Asian megacity. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:82. [PMID: 35013892 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The winter fog/haze events in northeastern Pakistan and surrounding regions of India are often mixed with pollutants to form smog, and consequently damage human health and hampers daily life in the form of fatalities through road accidents, road blockages, and flight delays. The persistent anti-cyclonic conditions can further trigger the temperature inversion and prolong the smog event from days to weeks. The present study provides characteristics and lasting mechanisms of two persistent winter fog events (2016-2017) in Lahore, Pakistan, by using the fifth generation of European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis data and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model simulated with Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) meteorological data. The results showed the presence of strong low-level anti-cyclonic circulations with wind speed less than 1.5 m/s from November to January over Eastern Punjab for two foggy winter seasons. The deep inversion during the fog events was observed that prevented the natural ventilation of air in the upper atmosphere and ultimately the smoke and heavy pollutant accumulated in the lower atmosphere. Furthermore, high relative humidity greater than 83% near the ground indicates a high condensation rate for water vapors to form fog near the ground. The analysis of the NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model at different vertical heights revealed that smoke from stubble crop burning in the first week of November 2017 in Punjab and Haryana mixed with fog under favorable stable conditions that lead to intense smog over Lahore. This study will help to understand and to develop a forecasting mechanism of fog events by characterizing the meteorological conditions of the study area and to minimize the adverse impacts of smog on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Space Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zahid M, Anwer Rathore H, Tayyab H, Ahmad Rehan Z, Abdul Rashid I, Lodhi M, Zubair U, Shahid I. Recent developments in textile based polymeric smart sensor for human health monitoring: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
22
|
Saeed H, Nadeem N, Zahid M, Yaseen M, Noreen S, Jilani A, Shahid I. Mixed metal ferrite (Mn 0.6Zn 0.4Fe 2O 4) intercalated g-C 3N 4nanocomposite: efficient sunlight driven photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:505714. [PMID: 34544069 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Visible active mixed metal ferrite intercalated semiconductor photocatalyst Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4/g-C3N4was prepared via facile hydrothermal and liquid assembly method for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation. The prepared samples were well characterized in term of their functional groups, crystallinity, elemental analysis, surface morphology using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy dispersive x-ray, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The optical response of catalysts was checked by estimating the energy band gap (Eg) of semiconductor photocatalysts using UV-vis spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectroscopy was also performed to estimate the reduction in emission intensity after insertion of g-C3N4into Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4.The novel composition of Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4with g-C3N4,improved the optical response of pristine photocatalysts due to the reduction in the energy band gap and insertion of heterojunction. The surface area analysis of Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4and Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4/g-C3N4were acquired by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. Point zero charge was also determined to observe the surface behavior of composite under different solution pH. Various parameters such as pH, catalyst dose, oxidant dose, irradiation time and initial dye concentration were optimized, and their effects were studied in photo-Fenton process. It was observed that 98% MB dye was degraded under optimized conditions (pH = 8, composite dose = 50 mg/100 ml, oxidant dose = 7 mM, initial dye conc. = 10 ppm, and irradiation time = 120 min). The results showed that when the ferrites of mixed metals (Mn, Zn) were used with g-C3N4their photocatalytic activity enhanced due to mutual effect of both mixed metals ferrite and g-C3N4, which is considerably higher than their individual effect already reported. Furthermore, the combined effect of independent variables was evaluated by response surface methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Jilani
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha PO Box 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shahid I, Alzahrani AR, Al-Ghamdi SS, Alanazi IM, Rehman S, Hassan S. Hepatitis C Diagnosis: Simplified Solutions, Predictive Barriers, and Future Promises. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1253. [PMID: 34359335 PMCID: PMC8305142 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The simplification of current hepatitis C diagnostic algorithms and the emergence of digital diagnostic devices will be very crucial to achieving the WHO's set goals of hepatitis C diagnosis (i.e., 90%) by 2030. From the last decade, hepatitis C diagnosis has been revolutionized by the advent and approval of state-of-the-art HCV diagnostic platforms which have been efficiently implemented in high-risk HCV populations in developed nations as well as in some low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) to identify millions of undiagnosed hepatitis C-infected individuals. Point-of-care (POC) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs; POC-RDTs), RNA reflex testing, hepatitis C self-test assays, and dried blood spot (DBS) sample analysis have been proven their diagnostic worth in real-world clinical experiences both at centralized and decentralized diagnostic settings, in mass hepatitis C screening campaigns, and hard-to-reach aboriginal hepatitis C populations in remote areas. The present review article overviews the significance of current and emerging hepatitis C diagnostic packages to subvert the public health care burden of this 'silent epidemic' worldwide. We also highlight the challenges that remain to be met about the affordability, accessibility, and health system-related barriers to overcome while modulating the hepatitis C care cascade to adopt a 'test and treat' strategy for every hepatitis C-affected individual. We also elaborate some key measures and strategies in terms of policy and progress to be part of hepatitis C care plans to effectively link diagnosis to care cascade for rapid treatment uptake and, consequently, hepatitis C cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.A.); (S.S.A.-G.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Abdullah R. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.A.); (S.S.A.-G.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Saeed S. Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.A.); (S.S.A.-G.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.R.A.); (S.S.A.-G.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Sidra Rehman
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Sajida Hassan
- Viral Hepatitis Program, Laboratory of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
AlMalki WH, Shahid I, Abdalla AN, Johargy AK, Ahmed M, Hassan S. Virological surveillance, molecular phylogeny, and evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis C virus subtypes 1a and 4a isolates in patients from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1664-1677. [PMID: 33732052 PMCID: PMC7938134 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes are pre-requisite to predict endemicity, epidemiology, clinical pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. HCV genotypes 4 and 1 are the most prevalent in Saudi Arabia, however; less consensus data exist on circulating HCV subtypes in infected individuals. This study was aimed to demonstrate the virological surveillance, phylogenetic analysis, and evolutionary relationship of HCV genotypes 4 and 1 subtypes in the Saudi population with the rest of the world. Fifty-five clinical specimens from different parts of the country were analyzed based on 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) amplification, direct sequencing, and for molecular evolutionary genetic analysis. Pair-wise comparison and multiple sequence alignment were performed to determine the nucleotide conservation, nucleotide variation, and positional mutations within the sequenced isolates. The evolutionary relationship of sequenced HCV isolates with referenced HCV strains from the rest of the world was established by computing pairwise genetic distances and generating phylogenetic trees. Twelve new sequences were submitted to GenBank, NCBI database. The results revealed that HCV subtype 4a is more prevalent preceded by 1a in the Saudi population. Molecular phylogeny predicts the descendants’ relationship of subtype 4a isolates very close to Egyptian prototype HCV strains, while 1a isolates were homogeneous and clustering to the European and North American genetic lineages. The implications of this study highlight the importance of HCV subtyping as an indispensable tool to monitor the distribution of viral strains, to determine the risk factors of infection prevalence, and to investigate clinical differences of treatment outcomes among intergenotypic and intragenotypic isolates in the treated population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed H AlMalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman K Johargy
- Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm-Al-Qura University, Al-abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajida Hassan
- Viral Hepatitis Program, Laboratory of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Panta P, Shahid I, Patil S, Seshadri M. Florid Cemento-osseous Dysplasia: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22:304-309. [PMID: 34210933 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This report aims to provide the clinical and radiographic features of two symptomatic Indian patients with florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD), along with a discussion of the differential diagnosis, potential challenges, and therapeutic implications. BACKGROUND FCOD is a rare, multifocal, periapical, and bilateral condition involving the premolar and molar region of the posterior mandible and sometimes the maxilla. CASE DESCRIPTION The first patient is a 30-year-old female with a recent history of dental pain. The patient was otherwise healthy and the medical history was unremarkable. The second patient is a 50-year-old female with a history of orthodontic therapy. Radiographic evaluation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed bilateral involvement of the posterior mandible, sparing the entire maxilla in both patients Clinical significance: For a pathognomonic condition like FCOD, a radiology survey alone is often sufficient to arrive at the final diagnosis, and therefore surgical interventions should ideally be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Panta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India, Phone: +91-9701806830, e-mail:
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rehman S, Nazar R, Butt AM, Ijaz B, Tasawar N, Sheikh AK, Shahid I, Shah SM, Qamar R. Phytochemical Screening and Protective Effects of Prunus persica Seeds Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:158-170. [PMID: 33535946 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210203142138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a dynamic environmental toxin released from chemical factories and its concentration in atmosphere is accelerating at an alarming proportion. Potential presence of CCl4 in human body causes liver injury via free radical stimulated inflammatory responses. OBJECTIVES In this study, protective effects of hydromethanolic seeds extract of Prunus persica (PPHM) were evaluated for free radical scavenging potential in CCl4 mediated acute liver toxicity in murine model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Followed by acute oral toxicity analysis, liver cells of Sprague-dawley (SD) rats were treated with CCl4 and subsequently chemoprophylactic effect of extract (400 mg/Kg dose) was evaluated using in vivo studies including silymarin as positive control. Biochemical parameters, staining (hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and masson's trichome) and quantitative gene expression analysis via real-time PCR was used to evaluate hepatic damage control. RESULTS The results illustrated that PPHM extract exhibit strong antioxidant activity comparable to positive control, gallic acid. Research study results also demonstrated that extract treatment at 400 mg/Kg concentration is highly effective in protecting liver damage due to CCl4 exposure. Mechanistic investigations indicated the therapeutic action of PPHM was correlated with the increase in Nrf2, NQO-1 and decrease in collagen III mRNA genes expression as compared to CCl4 treated group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Accordingly, our research study indicated that PPHM alleviated CCl4-mediated oxidative stress through Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway, thereby protecting liver damage against environmental toxins. Our findings provide supportive evidence to suggest PPHM as a novel nontoxic hepatoprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Rehman
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550 . Pakistan
| | - Rubina Nazar
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550 . Pakistan
| | - Azeem Mehmood Butt
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550. Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore 53700. Pakistan
| | - Nadia Tasawar
- Department of Pathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad 44080 . Pakistan
| | - Ahmareen Khalid Sheikh
- Department of Pathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad 44080 . Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, 21955. Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Masood Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060. Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550 . Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Anees M, Adhami SUZ, Aamer M, Shahid I. Pulmonary Functions in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease and their Effect after Hemodialysis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2021; 31:144-149. [PMID: 33645179 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2021.02.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pulmonary functions in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and the associated factors including the acute effects of hemodialysis. STUDY DESIGN Observational, cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Nephrology Department in collaboration with Pulmonology Department, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, from October to November 2019. METHODOLOGY All patients of age 18-75 years, on regular hemodialysis (HD) for more than three months, who quitted smoking 10 years back and stable, were included in the study. Demographic data was collected and blood samples were sent for hematological and biochemical laboratory parameters. Pulmonary functions were assessed by spirometry for Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in first second (FEV1) and FVC/FEV1 before and after dialysis. RESULTS Out of 102 patients, 62 (60.8%) were males and 79 (77.5%) were on twice-weekly dialysis. DM 44 (43.1%) and chronic glomerulonephritis 21 (19.5%) were the major causes of ESRD in these patients. In this study, FVC and FEV1 were abnormal in majority of the patients 73 (71.6%) and 76 (74.5%), which was statistically significant (p<0.05) supporting restrictive lung disease (RLD). Factors associated with RLD were male gender (p=0.006) and diabetes mellitus (p=0.003). Hemodialysis did not improve pulmonary functions significantly. FEV1 and FVC had a negative correlation with age and body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSION Restrictive lung disease is the most common pulmonary dysfunction among ESRD patients. Factors associated with pulmonary dysfunctions were male gender and diabetes mellitus. Hemodialysis did not improve pulmonary functions. Key Words: ESRD, Pulmonary functions, Restrictive lung disease, Fluid overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anees
- Department of Nephrology, Shalamar Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Uz Zaman Adhami
- Department of Medicine/Pulmonology, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Department of Nephrology, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Nephrology, Shalamar Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
AlMalki WH, Shahid I, Abdalla AN, Johargy AK, Ahmed M, Hassan S. Consensus small interfering RNA targeted to stem-loops II and III of IRES structure of 5' UTR effectively inhibits virus replication and translation of HCV sub-genotype 4a isolates from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1109-1122. [PMID: 33424405 PMCID: PMC7785429 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Being the most conserved region of all hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and sub-genotypes, the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of HCV genome signifies it’s importance as a potential target for anti-mRNA based treatment strategies like RNA interference. The advent and approval of first small interference RNA (siRNA) -based treatment of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis for clinical use has raised the hopes to test this approach against highly susceptible viruses like HCV. We investigated the antiviral potential of consensus siRNAs targeted to stem-loops (SLs) II and III nucleotide motifs of internal ribosome entry site (IRES) structure within 5′ UTR of HCV sub-genotype 4a isolates from the Saudi population. siRNA inhibitory effects on viral replication and translation of full-length HCV genome were determined in a competent, persistent, and reproducible Huh-7 cell culture system maintained for one month. Maximal inhibition of RNA transcript levels of HCV-IRES clones and silencing of viral replication and translation of full-length virus genome was demonstrated by siRNAs targeted to SL-III nucleotide motifs of IRES in Huh-7 cells. siRNA Usi-169 decreased 5′ UTR RNA transcript levels of HCV-IRES clones up to 75% (P < 0.001) at 24 h post-transfection and 80% (P < 0.001) at 48 h treatment in Huh-7 cells. 5′ UTR-tagged GFP protein expression was significantly decreased from 70 to 80% in Huh-7 cells co-transfected with constructed vectors (i.e. pCR3.1/GFP/5′ UTR) and siRNA Usi-169 at 24 h and 48 h time-span. Viral replication was inhibited by more than 90% (P < 0.001) and HCV core (C) and hypervariable envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2) expression was also significantly degraded by intracytoplasmic siRNA Usi-169 activity in persistent Huh-7 cell culture system. The findings unveil that siRNAs targeted to 5′ UTR-IRES of HCV sub-genotype 4a Saudi isolates show potent silencing of HCV replication and blocking of viral translation in a persistent in-vitro Huh-7 tissue culture system. Furthermore, we also elucidated that siRNA silencing of viral mRNA not only inhibits viral replication but also blocks viral translation. The results suggest that siRNA potent antiviral activity should be considered as an effective anti-mRNA based treatment strategies for further in-vivo investigations against less studied and harder-to-treat HCV sub-genotype 4a isolates in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed H AlMalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Postal Code 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Postal Code 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah Postal Code 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Postal Code 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman K Johargy
- Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah Postal Code 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Postal Code 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajida Hassan
- Viral Hepatitis Program, Laboratory of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abd-Elsalam KA, Ahmad H, Ahmed FK, Akhtar MN, Akram S, Ali I, Amjed MA, Anggorowati AA, Ashfaq M, Asif MI, Baruah S, Bhatti HN, Bhatti IA, Budihal SV, Chauhan D, Drioli E, Dutta SD, El Zerey-Belaskri A, Emmanuel Joshua Jebasingh S, Fathy NA, Gacem MA, Ganguly K, Hanif A, Hanif MA, Huang H, Hussain T, Islam T, Ismadji S, Jampílek J, Jesi Reeta T, Kalita D, Khalid T, Khan F, Khan FG, Khan I, Khan ZM, Kráľová K, Kurniawan A, Lim KT, Luan H, Mangalanagasundari S, Mansha A, Mostafa M, Murugan K, Mushtaq F, Mustafa G, Muthu K, Nadeem F, Nadeem N, Naqvi SAR, Naz I, Noreen S, Ould El Hadj Khelil A, Parwez K, Patel DK, Paulkumar K, Peng C, Perveen I, Pervez R, Rashid A, Rehan ZA, Romanovski V, Santoso SP, Sarkar AK, Sehar S, Shahid I, Shahzeb Khan M, Sherazi TA, Soetaredjo FE, Syed U, Tabasum A, Tahir N, Talreja N, Tehrim A, Telli A, Ullah A, Ullah I, Ulucan-Altuntas K, Wink J, Yuliansa M, Zahid M. Contributors. Aquananotechnology 2021:xi-xiv. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821141-0.09994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
30
|
Shahid I, Sharif M, Yousaf M, Ahmad F, Virk MR, Bilal MQ, Anwar U, Ali A, Hussain M, Chishti MFA, Rahman MA. Effect of Exogenous Emulsifier (Lyso-Phospholipid) Supplementation in the Broiler Diet, on the Feed Intake and Growth Performance During Grower Phase. Braz J Poult Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Shahid
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Sharif
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Yousaf
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - F Ahmad
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - MR Virk
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - MQ Bilal
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - U Anwar
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shahzad N, Alzahrani A, Ibrahim IA, Soni K, Shahid I, Alsanosi S, Falemban A, Alanazi IM, Bamagous G, Al-Ghamdi S, Mahfoz A. In vivo pharmacological testing of herbal drugs for anti-allergic and anti-asthmatic properties. J Pharm Bioall Sci 2021; 13:380-386. [PMID: 35399803 PMCID: PMC8985834 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_454_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
32
|
Alvi MU, Kistler M, Shahid I, Alam K, Chishtie F, Mahmud T, Kasper-Giebl A. Composition and source apportionment of saccharides in aerosol particles from an agro-industrial zone in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:14124-14137. [PMID: 32043252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of saccharidic compounds in atmospheric aerosols is important in order to retrieve information about organic carbon sources and their transport pathways through the atmosphere. In this study, composition and sources of saccharides in PM10 were determined in a South Asian megacity (Faisalabad) during the year 2015 - 2016. PM10 sampled on quartz filters was analyzed by anion exchange chromatography for the selected saccharidic compounds. The average PM10 concentration was found to be 744 ± 392 μg m-3, exceeding the daily limits proposed by Pak-EPA (150 μg m-3), US-EPA (150 μg m-3), and WHO (50 μg m-3). The average total saccharidic concentration was found to be 2820 ± 2247 ng m-3. Among the different saccharidic categories, anhydrosugars were the most abundant in concentration followed by primary sugars and sugar alcohols. The correlation and principal component analysis indicated emissions from biomass combustion, soil suspensions from areas such as farmlands having high microorganism activity, and biogenic emissions such as airborne fungal spores and vegetation detritus as major sources of saccharides in the aerosol samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Alvi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Magdalena Kistler
- Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Imran Shahid
- Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Khan Alam
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Tariq Mahmud
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Anne Kasper-Giebl
- Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alvi MU, Mahmud T, Kistler M, Kasper-Giebl A, Shahid I, Alam K, Chishtie F, Mitu L. Elemental Composition of Particulate Matter in South-Asian Megacity (Faisalabad-Pakistan): Seasonal Behaviors, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment. Rev Chim 2020. [DOI: 10.37358/rc.20.2.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The composition of atmospheric aerosols can help to identify pollution sources, particulate transportation and possible impacts on human health. In this study, seasonal variations and sources of elemental contents in PM10 from Faisalabad area were investigated. In total 117 samples were collected on 24 hours basis from September 2015 to December 2016. The selected trace elements, viz., Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, S and Zn were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The average PM10 concentration was found to be 744 � 392 μg m-3, exceeding the limits proposed by Pak-EPA (150 μg m-3), US-EPA (150 μg m-3) and WHO (50 μg m-3). On average concentration basis, the elements were in the order of Ca ] Al ] S ] Fe ] K ] Mg ] Zn ] Na ] Pb ] P ] Mn ] Ba. The elements apparently emitted from natural sources were dominant in spring and summer seasons, while those emitted from anthropogenic inputs were more prominent in winter and autumn seasons. A correlation analysis revealed that pairs of elements originated from common sources were suspended in the ambient air. The enrichment factors (EFs), principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) indicated wind-blown dust, biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion and vehicular exhaust/non-exhaust emissions as major sources. A health risk caused by non-carcinogenic trace elements such as Pb, Zn and Mn was also assessed according to the method specified by US-EPA.
Collapse
|
34
|
Jamal A, Shahid I, Naveed Shahid M, Saleh Alshmemri M, Saeed Bahwerth F. Human Papillomavirus, MicroRNA and their Role in Cervical Cancer Progression, Diagnosis and Treatment Response: A Comprehensive Review. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:977-988. [PMID: 32700847 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.977.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is sexually transmitted and linked with vaginal, vulvar and cervix cancers in females, penile cancer in male, while anal and oropharyngeal cancer in both genders. Cervical cancer is ranked as third most identified cancer among females globally and is the fourth leading reason of cancer related mortality. The main aim of current study is to highlight the key role of miRNA in cervical cancer development, progression and their therapeutic responses. Current study entailed more than 50 PubMed cited articles related to miRNA role in cervical cancer. Studies have elucidated the role of miRNAs regulation in gene expression at post-transcriptional and translational level by targeting significant genes and therefore involved in cervical cancer. miRNAs control several cellular pathways involved in development of pre-malignant to metastatic stage and proliferation to malignancy. Current review elucidated and elaborated the key role of miRNA their application, treatment and therapeutic responses in cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
35
|
Shahid I, Sharif M, Yousaf M, Ahmad F, Anwar U, Ali A, Hussain M, Rahman MA. Emulsifier Supplementation Response in Ross 308 Broilers at 1-10 Days. Braz J Poult Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Shahid
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Sharif
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - M Yousaf
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - F Ahmad
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - U Anwar
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shahid I, Ibrahim MM. All Oral Interferon-free Direct-acting Antivirals as Combination Therapies to Cure Hepatitis C. Curr Mol Med 2019; 18:409-435. [PMID: 30608042 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190104110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection and associated hepatic diseases are still challenging, and the disease burden remains significant around the world. Overall treatment rates for the chronically infected patients have been "dismally poor" and that treatment completion of dual-therapy- pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) is suboptimal in the real-world clinical settings. The approval of first, second and next-generation direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) represents a major breakthrough in hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutics to treat CHC infected individuals. Such therapeutic regimens in a fixed dose combination (FDC) or along with RBV have proven their clinical efficacy against different HCV genotypes, and harder-to-treat special populations. We continue to see the development of novel pan-genotypic anti-HCV regimens with very high sustained virologic response (SVR; undetectable viral load at week 12 or at the end of therapy) rates, high barrier to drug resistance, low frequency of adverse events, and fewer drug-drug interactions as compared to some older RBV based triple DAA therapies. Oral interferon-free DAAs seem highly successful strategic treatment approaches against hepatitis C and impulse health policy makers to establish the treatment priorties and policies to reduce the rate of hepatitis C-related morbidity and mortality. This review article comprehensively overviews interferon-free anti-HCV regimens, which have totally shifted the treatment paradigms for hepatitis C with some additional benefits to galvanize our efforts to achieve the global goal of HCV elimination in near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, P.O Box. 13578, Postal code 21955, Saudi Arabia.,Applied and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Postal code 53700, Pakistan
| | - Munjed M Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, P.O Box. 13578, Postal code 21955, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shahid I, Almalki WH, Ibrahim MM, Alghamdi SA, Mukhtar MH, Almalki SSR, Alkahtani SA, Alhaidari MS. Characterization of In vitro inhibitory effects of consensus short interference RNAs against non-structural 5B gene of hepatitis C virus 1a genotype. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 36:494-503. [PMID: 30880695 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic hepatitis C has infected approximately 170 million people worldwide. The novel direct-acting antivirals have proven their clinical efficacy to treat hepatitis C infection but still very expensive and beyond the financial range of most infected patients in low income and even resource replete nations. This study was conducted to establish an in vitro stable human hepatoma 7 (Huh-7) cell culture system with consistent expression of the non-structural 5B (NS5B) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) 1a genotype and to explore inhibitory effects of sequence-specific short interference RNA (siRNA) targeting NS5B in stable cell clones, and against viral replication in serum-inoculated Huh-7 cells. Materials and Methods In vitro stable Huh-7 cells with persistent expression of NS5B protein was produced under gentamycin (G418) selection. siRNAs inhibitory effects were determined by analysing NS5B expression at mRNA and protein level through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot, respectively. Statistical significance of data (NS5B gene suppression) was performed using SPSS software (version 16.0, SPSS Inc.). Results siRNAs directed against NS5B gene significantly decreased NS5B expression at mRNA and protein levels in stable Huh-7 cells, and a vivid decrease in viral replication was also exhibited in serum-infected Huh-7 cells. Conclusions Stable Huh-7 cells persistently expressing NS5B protein should be helpful for molecular pathogenesis of HCV infection and development of anti-HCV drug screening assays. The siRNA was effective against NS5B and could be considered as an adjuvant therapy along with other promising anti-HCV regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munjed M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Ahmad Alghamdi
- Infection Control Department, King Fahd Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Mukhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura Univeristy, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaia Saleh R Almalki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ahmed Alkahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Alhaidari
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shahid I, Noman AK, Farooq SH, Arshad A. Investigation of the Adequacy of Bridge Design Loads in Pakistan. Indonesian J Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.17509/ijost.v4i2.18174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight, configuration, and volume of traffic vary from country to country. But, in developing countries like Pakistan, bridges are designed based on codes of developed countries. Hence, these bridges may not have desired safety level. In this study, safety levels of three sample bridges has been investigated in terms of structural reliability index. Live load effects (shear and moments) in girders were determined using weigh-in-motion data (WIM) and were extrapolated to 75 years using non-parametric fit. Two live load models and two strengths, required by 1967 Pakistan Code of Practice for Highway Bridges (PHB Design-Case) and that required by the 2012 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (AASHTO Design-Case) were used in reliability analysis. It is found that actual trucks produce moment and shear in girders 11 to 45 percent higher than live load models of PHB and AASHTO design cases. Values of structural reliability indices vary from 1.25 to 2.50 and from 2.45 to 3.15 for PHB and AASHTO design cases, respectively, and are less than the target reliability index value of 3.50 used in the design codes as benchmark. It is revealed after the research that bridges in Pakistan may not have desired safety level, and current live load models may not be the true representation of service-level truck traffic.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zeb B, Alam K, Sorooshian A, Blaschke T, Ahmad I, Shahid I. On the Morphology and Composition of Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment. Aerosol Air Qual Res 2018; 18:1431-1447. [PMID: 30344547 PMCID: PMC6192059 DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2017.09.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) plays a vital role in altering air quality, human health, and climate change. There are sparse data relevant to PM characteristics in urban environments of the Middle East, including Peshawar city in Pakistan. This work reports on the morphology and composition of PM in two size fractions (PM2.5 and PM10) during November 2016 in Peshawar. The 24 hous mass concentration of PM2.5 varied from 72 μg m-3 to 500 μg m-3 with an average value of 286 μg m-3. The 24 hours PM10 concentration varied from 300 μg m-3 to 1440 μg m-3 with an average of 638 μg m-3. The morphology, size, and elemental composition of PM were measured using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. The size of the analyzed particles by EDX ranged from 916 nm to 22 μm. Particles were classified into the following groups based on their elemental composition and morphology: silica (12%), aluminosilicates (23%), calcium rich (3%), chloride (2%), Fe/Ti oxides (3%), carbonaceous (49%), sulfate (5%), biogenic (3%). The major identified sources of PM are vehicular emissions, biomass burning, soil and re-suspended road dust, biological emissions, and construction activities in and around the vicinity of the sampling site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahadar Zeb
- Department of Physics, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khan Alam
- Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Thomas Blaschke
- Department of Geoinformatics Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ifthikhar Ahmad
- Department of Physics, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Institute of Space Technology (IST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sultan J, Iqbal Z, Kamran Z, Shahid A, Ali R, Ahmad S, Ali A, Koutoulis K, Shahzad M, Ahsan U, Shahid I. Effect of corn replacement with enzose (corn dextrose) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. J APPL POULTRY RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
41
|
Shahid I, AlMalki WH, AlRabia MW, Mukhtar MH, Almalki SSR, Alkahtani SA, Ashgar SS, Faidah HS, Hafeez MH. In vitro inhibitory analysis of consensus siRNAs against NS3 gene of hepatitis C virus 1a genotype. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:701-709. [PMID: 28870347 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore inhibitory effects of genome-specific, chemically synthesized siRNAs (small interference RNA) against NS3 gene of hepatitis C virus (HCV) 1a genotype in stable Huh-7 (human hepatoma) cells as well as against viral replication in serum-inoculated Huh-7 cells. METHODS Stable Huh-7 cells persistently expressing NS3 gene were produced under antibiotic gentamycin (G418) selection. The cell clones resistant to 1000 μg antibiotic concentration (G418) were picked as stable cell clones. The NS3 gene expression in stable cell clone was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. siRNA cell cytotoxicity was determined by MTT cell proliferation assay. Stable cell lines were transfected with sequence specific siRNAs and their inhibitory effects were determined by RT-PCR, real-time PCR and Western blotting. The viral replication inhibition by siRNAs in serum inoculated Huh-7 cells was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed NS3 gene and protein expression in stable cell lines on day 10, 20 and 30 post transfection. MTT cell proliferation assay revealed that at most concentrated dose tested (50 nmol/L), siRNA had no cytotoxic effects on Huh-7 cells and cell proliferation remained unaffected. As demonstrated by the siRNA time-dependent inhibitory analysis, siRNA NS3-is44 showed maximum inhibition of NS3 gene in stable Huh-7 cell clones at 24 (80%, P = 0.013) and 48 h (75%, P = 0.002) post transfection. The impact of siRNAs on virus replication in serum inoculated Huh-7 cells also demonstrated significant decrease in viral copy number, where siRNA NS3-is44 exhibited 70% (P < 0.05) viral RNA reduction as compared to NS3-is33, which showed a 64% (P < 0.05) decrease in viral copy number. siRNA synergism (NS3-is33 + NS3-is44) decreased viral load by 84% (P < 0.05) as compared to individual inhibition by each siRNA (i.e., 64%-70% (P < 0.05)) in serum-inoculated cells. Synthetic siRNAs mixture (NS5B-is88 + NS3-is33) targeting different region of HCV genome (NS5B and NS3) also decreased HCV viral load by 85% (P < 0.05) as compared to siRNA inhibitory effects alone (70% and 64% respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS siRNAs directed against NS3 gene significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression in stable cell clones. Viral replication was also vividly decreased in serum infected Huh-7 cells. Stable Huh-7 cells expressing NS3 gene is helpful to develop anti-hepatitis C drug screening assays. siRNA therapeutic potential along with other anti-HCV agents can be considered against hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed Hassan AlMalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Wanees AlRabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaia Saleh R Almalki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sami S Ashgar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box. 13765, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani S Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box. 13765, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hassan Hafeez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Shadman, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
From 2010, the landscape of hepatitis C therapeutics has been changed rapidly, and today we are standing at a cusp of a pharmacological revolution where highly effective and interferon (IFN)-free direct acting antivirals (DAAs) are already on the market. Such treatment paradigms attain 90-95% sustained virologic response (SVR; undetectable viral load at week 12 or 24 at the end of therapy) rates in treated individuals compared to 50-70% with treatment completion of dual-therapy-pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). As the major goal now for the hepatologists, clinicians, physicians, and health care workers is likely to eradicate hepatitis C infection in parallel to treatment, the demand is for a one-size-fits-all pill that could be prescribed beyond the limitations of hepatitis C genotype, viral load, previous treatment history, advanced hepatic manifestations (fibrosis, cirrhosis) and antiviral drug resistance. Although the new treatment strategies have shown high cure rates in clinical trials, such treatment paradigms are posing dilemmas too in real-world clinical practice. Therapy cost, treatment access to low and middle-income countries, treatment-emergent adverse events, lack of effective viral screening and disease progression simulation models are potential challenges in this prospect. This review article deeply overviews the challenges encountered while surmounting the burden of hepatitis C around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Umm Al Qura University , Al-Abidiyah , Makkah , Saudi Arabia.,c Applied and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Waleed Hassan AlMalki
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Umm Al Qura University , Al-Abidiyah , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajida Hassan
- b Viral Hepatitis Program, Laboratory of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA.,c Applied and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Hafeez
- d Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry , Shadman , Lahore , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abdalla AN, Hassan Almaliki W, Hasan Mukhtar M, Anwar F, Shahid I, Menshawi SA, Alsulimani TS. Ameliorative Influence of Dietary Dates on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2016.78042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Almalki WH, Arafa ESA, Abdallah AY, Mahfoz AM, Osman AO, Abd El-Latif HA, Shahid I. Zinc Chloride Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2016.78041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
45
|
Shahid I, AlMalki WH, R. Almalki SS, AlTurkestany IM, AlGhamdi HA, AlMenshawi SA. Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a Non-Structural Proteins by Small Interference RNA in Human Hepatoma Cell Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2015.611053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Shahid I, ALMalki WH, Hafeez MH, Hassan S. Hepatitis C virus infection treatment: An era of game changer direct acting antivirals and novel treatment strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:535-47. [PMID: 25373616 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.970123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and associated liver diseases represent a major health care burden all over the world. The current standard of care, i.e. peginterferon-alfa (PEG-IFNα) plus ribavirin (RBV) are associated with frequent and sometimes serious adverse effects and contraindications, which further limit their therapeutic efficacy. The approval of first and second generation HCV protease inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in the development of novel direct acting antivirals (DAAs) against different HCV genotypes and establishes a new standard of care for chronically infected HCV genotypes 1 patients. Similarly, next generation protease inhibitors and HCV RNA polymerase inhibitors have shown better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in terms of broader HCV genotypes coverage, better safety profile, fewer drug interactions and possible once daily administration than first generation direct acting antivirals. The testing of adenovirus-based vector vaccines, which escalates the innate and acquired immune responses against the most conserved regions of the HCV genome in chimpanzees and humans, may be a promising therapeutic approach against HCV infection in coming future. This review article presents up-to-date knowledge and recent developments in HCV therapeutics, insights the shortcomings of current HCV therapies and key lessons from the therapeutic potential of improved anti-HCV treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Shahid
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, CEMB, University of the Punjab , Near Thokar Niaz Baig , Lahore , Pakistan .,b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University , Al-Abidiyah , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan ALMalki
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University , Al-Abidiyah , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hassan Hafeez
- c Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Fatima Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine and Dentistry , Shadman , Lahore , Pakistan , and
| | - Sajida Hassan
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, CEMB, University of the Punjab , Near Thokar Niaz Baig , Lahore , Pakistan .,d Viral Hepatitis Program, Laboratory of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shah P, Shahid I, Lee WY, Owen C, Ahmed S. Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of a Range of 4-(n-alkanesulfonate) benzyl Imidazole-Based Compounds as Inhibitors of Rat Testicular 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450<sub>17α</sub>) in the Treatment of Hormone- Dependent Prostate Cancer. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2014. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180811666131230235538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
48
|
AlMalki WH, Shahid I, Mehdi AY, Hafeez MH. Assessment methods for angiogenesis and current approaches for its quantification. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 46:251-6. [PMID: 24987169 PMCID: PMC4071699 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.132152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a physiological process which describes the development of new blood vessels from the existing vessels. It is a common and the most important process in the formation and development of blood vessels, so it is supportive in the healing of wounds and granulation of tissues. The different assays for the evaluation of angiogenesis have been described with distinct advantages and some limitations. In order to develop angiogenic and antiangiogenic techniques, continuous efforts have been resulted to give animal models for more quantitative analysis of angiogenesis. Most of the studies on angiogenic inducers and inhibitors rely on various models, both in vitro, in vivo and in ova, as indicators of efficacy. The angiogenesis assays are very much helpful to test efficacy of both pro- and anti- angiogenic agents. The development of non-invasive procedures for quantification of angiogenesis will facilitate this process significantly. The main objective of this review article is to focus on the novel and existing methods of angiogenesis and their quantification techniques. These findings will be helpful to establish the most convenient methods for the detection, quantification of angiogenesis and to develop a novel, well tolerated and cost effective anti-angiogenic treatment in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan AlMalki
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Yousaf Mehdi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Baragob AEA, AlMalki WH, Shahid I, Bakhdhar FA, Bafhaid HS, Eldeen OMI. The hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the fruits of Balanites aegypticea in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6:1-5. [PMID: 24497735 PMCID: PMC3897002 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.122909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balanites aegypticea is used medically for many purposes e.g. anti-spasmodic, stomach pain, malaria, and yellow fever. The extract of the fruit is also used to reduce the blood glucose levels. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of the aqueous extract of the fruits of the Balanites aegypticea in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five adult male Vistar rats were used in this study. The rats were randomly collected and divided into 5 groups (5 rats in each group). The untreated rats (negative control group) received basal diet and tap water only for 15 days. The experimental rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight). The fruit of Balanites aegypticea was powdered, extracted, and dried using organic solvents. The diabetic rats received aqueous extract 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg, respectively, for 2 weeks. Plasma glucose levels were measured by using Glucose GOD-PAP method through spectrophotometer. RESULTS The results showed that 800 mg/kg aqueous extract decrease significantly the plasma glucose level (P ≤ 0.05) in diabetic rats, and there is a considerable gain in body weight (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the diabetic control group. Four-hundred mg/kg aqueous extract has a mild effect on body weights and plasma glucose levels, while 200 mg/kg aqueous extract has no significant effect on plasma glucose level and a little effect on body weight. CONCLUSIONS The results of the presented study revealed that the aqueous extract of Balanites aegypticea has hypoglycemic properties. It can decrease the plasma glucose level and can improve weight in diabetic experimental animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdella Emam Abdella Baragob
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan AlMalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Abdullah Bakhdhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf Saeed Bafhaid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Omer MO, AlMalki WH, Shahid I, Khuram S, Altaf I, Imran S. Comparative study to evaluate the anti-viral efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract and ribavirin against the Newcastle disease virus. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6:6-11. [PMID: 24497736 PMCID: PMC3897011 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Newcastle disease represents as one of the most infectious viral disease, which afflicts almost every species of the birds. The causative agent of the disease is a single-stranded RNA virus with rapid replication capability. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the comparative anti-viral efficacy and toxicity of Glycyrrhiza glabra aqueous extract and ribavirin against the Newcastle disease virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The embryonated eggs were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). Groups A, B, C, and D were further subdivided into three subgroups. The virus was identified by hemagglutination inhibition test. Spot hemagglutination test and viability of embryos were also evaluated. Three different concentrations i-e., 30 mg/100 ml, 60 mg/100 ml, and 120 mg/100 ml of the Glycyrrhiza aqueous extract and 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 40 μg/ml ribavirin in deionized water were evaluated for their toxicity and anti-viral activity in the embryonated eggs. RESULTS 60 mg/100 ml concentration of Glycyrrhiza extract did not produce any toxicity in the embryonated eggs and showed anti-viral activity against the virus. Similarly, 20 μg/ml ribavirin was non-toxic in the embryonated eggs and contained anti-viral activity. CONCLUSION It may conclude from the presented study that 60 mg/100 ml Glycyrrhiza extract inhibits replication of Newcastle disease virus and is non-toxic in the embryonated eggs. So, Glycyrrhiza glabra extract may be further evaluated in future to determine the potentially active compounds for their anti-viral activity against Newcastle disease virus. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of these active phytochemicals as an antiviral agent would be helpful to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ovais Omer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Hassan AlMalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P. O. Box 13174, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahzada Khuram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Altaf
- WTO Quality Control Lab, Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Imran
- WTO Quality Control Lab, Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|