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Ruiz-Rizzo AL, Finke K, Damoiseaux JS, Bartels C, Buerger K, Cosma NC, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Glanz W, Goerss D, Hetzer S, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, van Lent DM, Munk MHJ, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Yakupov R, Jessen F, Duezel E, Perneczky R, Rauchmann BS. Fornix fractional anisotropy mediates the association between Mediterranean diet adherence and memory four years later in older adults without dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 136:99-110. [PMID: 38340637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether fractional anisotropy (FA) of hippocampus-relevant white-matter tracts mediates the association between baseline Mediterranean diet adherence (MeDiAd) and verbal episodic memory over four years. Participants were healthy older adults with and without subjective cognitive decline and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment from the DELCODE cohort study (n = 376; age: 71.47 ± 6.09 years; 48.7 % female). MeDiAd and diffusion data were obtained at baseline. Verbal episodic memory was assessed at baseline and four yearly follow-ups. The associations between baseline MeDiAd and white matter, and verbal episodic memory's mean and rate of change over four years were tested with latent growth curve modeling. Baseline MeDiAd was associated with verbal episodic memory four years later (95 % confidence interval, CI [0.01, 0.32]) but not with its rate of change over this period. Baseline Fornix FA mediated - and, thus, explained - that association (95 % CI [0.002, 0.09]). Fornix FA may be an appropriate response biomarker of Mediterranean diet interventions on verbal memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L Ruiz-Rizzo
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychology, General and Experimental Psychology Unit, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica S Damoiseaux
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Carmen Cosma
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Matthias H J Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; University of Bonn Medical Center, Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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Upadhyay N, Spottke A, Schneider A, Hoffmann DC, Frommann I, Ballarini T, Fliessbach K, Bender B, Heekeren HR, Haynes JD, Ewers M, Düzel E, Glanz W, Dobisch L, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Levin J, Danek A, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Synofzik M, Wilke C, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Jessen F, Boecker H. Fronto-striatal alterations correlate with apathy severity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:66-72. [PMID: 37855956 PMCID: PMC10844138 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional changes in cortical and subcortical regions have been reported in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), however, a multimodal approach may provide deeper insights into the neural correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this multicenter study, we measured cortical thickness (CTh) and subcortical volumes to identify structural abnormalities in 37 bvFTD patients, and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. For seed regions with significant structural changes, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) was examined in a sub-cohort of N = 22 bvFTD and N = 22 matched control subjects to detect complementary alterations in brain network organization. To explore the functional significance of the observed structural and functional deviations, correlations with clinical and neuropsychological outcomes were tested where available. Significantly decreased CTh was observed in the bvFTD group in caudal middle frontal gyrus, left pars opercularis, bilateral superior frontal and bilateral middle temporal gyrus along with subcortical volume reductions in bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed decreased FC in bvFTD between: dorsal striatum and left caudal middle frontal gyrus; putamen and fronto-parietal regions; pallidum and cerebellum. Conversely, bvFTD showed increased FC between: left middle temporal gyrus and paracingulate gyrus; caudate nucleus and insula; amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus. Additionally, cortical thickness in caudal, lateral and superior frontal regions as well as caudate nucleus volume correlated negatively with apathy severity scores of the Neuropsychiatry Inventory Questionnaire. In conclusion, multimodal structural and functional imaging indicates that fronto-striatal regions have a considerable influence on the severity of apathy in bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Upadhyay
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Annika Spottke
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel C Hoffmann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlo Wilke
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Stark M, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Frommann I, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Burow L, Butryn M, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Hansen N, Heneka MT, Hinderer P, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kimmich O, Laske C, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Rostamzadeh A, Roy-Kluth N, Sanzenbacher C, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Vogt IR, Wiltfang J, Duzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M. Relevance of Minor Neuropsychological Deficits in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline. Neurology 2023; 101:e2185-e2196. [PMID: 37821235 PMCID: PMC10663030 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine the relevance of minor neuropsychological deficits (MNPD) in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) with regard to CSF levels of Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers, cognitive decline, and clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This study included patients with clinical SCD and SCD-free, healthy control (HC) participants with available baseline CSF and/or longitudinal cognitive data from the observational DZNE Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia study. We defined MNPD as a performance of at least 0.5SD below the mean on a demographically adjusted total score derived from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological assessment battery. We compared SCD patients with MNPD and those without MNPD with regard to CSF amyloid-β (Aβ)42/Aβ40, phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), total tau and Aβ42/p-tau181 levels, longitudinal cognitive composite trajectories, and risk of clinical progression to incident MCI (follow-up M ± SD: 40.6 ± 23.7 months). In addition, we explored group differences between SCD and HC in those without MNPD. RESULTS In our sample (N = 672, mean age: 70.7 ± 5.9 years, 50% female), SCD patients with MNPD (n = 55, 12.5% of SCD group) showed significantly more abnormal CSF biomarker levels, increased cognitive decline, and a higher risk of progression to incident MCI (HR: 4.07, 95% CI 2.46-6.74) compared with SCD patients without MNPD (n = 384). MNPD had a positive predictive value of 57.0% (95% CI 38.5-75.4) and a negative predictive value of 86.0% (95% CI 81.9-90.1) for the progression of SCD to MCI within 3 years. SCD patients without MNPD showed increased cognitive decline and a higher risk of incident MCI compared with HC participants without MNPD (n = 215; HR: 4.09, 95% CI 2.07-8.09), while AD biomarker levels did not differ significantly between these groups. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that MNPD are a risk factor for AD-related clinical progression in cognitively normal patients seeking medical counseling because of SCD. As such, the assessment of MNPD could be useful for individual clinical prediction and for AD risk stratification in clinical trials. However, SCD remains a risk factor for future cognitive decline even in the absence of MNPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Stark
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Hinderer
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Okka Kimmich
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy-Kluth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Sanzenbacher
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina R Vogt
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., F.B., K.F., O.K., N.R.-K., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, I.R.V., F.J., M.W.), Bonn; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (M.S., S.W., L.K., I.F., K.F., A. Schneider, M.W.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P., E.J.S.), Berlin; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (S.A., J.P., E.J.S.), Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.B., N.H., B.H.S., J.W.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (K.B., M.E., R.P.), Munich; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (K.B., M.E., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (L.B., R.P., B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.B., W.G., E.I.I., E.D.), Magdeburg; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (T.G., D. Gref, O.P., L.P.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (D. Goerss, I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (M.T.H.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (P.H., C.L., M.H.M., C.S.), Tübingen; Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND) (E.I.I., E.D.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.I.I.), University Clinic Magdeburg, Germany; Section for Dementia Research (C.L.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (M.H.M.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.P.), Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE) (R.P.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.P.), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI (J.P.), United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology (B.-S.R.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) (B.-S.R.), University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (A.R., F.J.), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (B.H.S., J.W.), Goettingen; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group (J.W.), Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; and Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) (F.J.), University of Cologne, Germany
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Teipel SJ, Dyrba M, Levin F, Altenstein S, Berger M, Beyle A, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Burow L, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Hansen N, Heneka MT, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Keles D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Lohse A, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Schmid M, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Wiltfang J, Düzel E, Jessen F, Kleineidam L, Wagner M. Cognitive Trajectories in Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease Related to Amyloid Status and Brain Atrophy: A Bayesian Approach. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1055-1076. [PMID: 37849637 PMCID: PMC10578328 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline is a key outcome of clinical studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective To determine effects of global amyloid load as well as hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes on longitudinal rates and practice effects from repeated testing of domain specific cognitive change in the AD spectrum, considering non-linear effects and heterogeneity across cohorts. Methods We included 1,514 cases from three cohorts, ADNI, AIBL, and DELCODE, spanning the range from cognitively normal people to people with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used generalized Bayesian mixed effects analysis of linear and polynomial models of amyloid and volume effects in time. Robustness of effects across cohorts was determined using Bayesian random effects meta-analysis. Results We found a consistent effect of amyloid and hippocampus volume, but not of basal forebrain volume, on rates of memory change across the three cohorts in the meta-analysis. Effects for amyloid and volumetric markers on executive function were more heterogeneous. We found practice effects in memory and executive performance in amyloid negative cognitively normal controls and MCI cases, but only to a smaller degree in amyloid positive controls and not at all in amyloid positive MCI cases. Conclusions We found heterogeneity between cohorts, particularly in effects on executive functions. Initial increases in cognitive performance in amyloid negative, but not in amyloid positive MCI cases and controls may reflect practice effects from repeated testing that are lost with higher levels of cerebral amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Fedor Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Berger
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Enise I. Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany pGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Deniz Keles
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T¨ubingen, T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), T¨ubingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of T¨ubingen, T¨ubingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anja Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Ballarini T, Kuhn E, Röske S, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Buchholz F, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Frommann I, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Görß D, Haynes JD, Incesoy EI, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleineidam L, Kobeleva X, Laske C, Lohse A, Maier F, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Schott BH, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M. Linking early-life bilingualism and cognitive advantage in older adulthood. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 124:18-28. [PMID: 36706574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified bilingualism as a protective factor against dementia. Here we aimed to test whether being bilingual at different life stages impacts cognition and brain structure in older adulthood. We included 746 participants from the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). Assessment of bilingualism at 3 life stages (early: 13-30, middle: 30-65 and late: over 65 years old) was determined with the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire. Individuals reporting bilingualism (i.e., daily use of L2) in the early life stage outperformed monolinguals on learning & memory, working-memory, executive functions and language. Bilingualism in middle life stage showed a significant advantage on learning & memory, while no effect of bilingualism in old life stage was identified. Brain gray matter volume was not associated with L2 use and did not differ between groups. However, stronger correlations between brain gray matter volume in selected brain regions and cognitive performance were found in bilingual participants in the early and middle life stages. Our results indicate that bilingualism in early life might provide a long-lasting protective effect on cognition and shape the brain to sustain cognitive performance in older adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Kuhn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Buchholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Görß
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enise I Incesoy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Björn H Schott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Ersoezlue E, Rauchmann BS, Schneider-Axmann T, Wagner M, Ballarini T, Tato M, Utecht J, Kurz C, Papazov B, Guersel S, Burow L, Koller G, Stöcklein S, Keeser D, Bartels C, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Cetindag AC, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleinedam L, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Peters O, Preis L, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roeske S, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Duezel E, Jessen F, Perneczky R. Lifelong experiences as a proxy of cognitive reserve moderate the association between connectivity and cognition in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:33-44. [PMID: 36476760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. The FC underpinnings of CR, that is, lifelong experiences, are largely unknown. Resting-state FC and structural MRI were performed in 76 CSF amyloid-β (Aβ) negative healthy controls and 152 Aβ positive individuals as an AD spectrum cohort (ADS; 55 with subjective cognitive decline, SCD; 52 with mild cognitive impairment; 45 with AD dementia). Following a region-of-interest (ROI) FC analysis, intrinsic network connectivity within the default-mode network (INC-DMN) and anti-correlation in INC between the DMN and dorsal attention network (DMN:DAN) were obtained as composite scores. CR was estimated by education and Lifetime Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ). The association between INC-DMN and MEM was attenuated by higher LEQ scores in the entire ADS group, particularly in SCD. In ROI analyses, higher LEQ scores were associated with higher FC within the DMN in ADS group. INC-DMN remains relatively intact despite memory decline in individuals with higher lifetime activity estimates, supporting a role for functional networks in maintaining cognitive function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Ersoezlue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Maia Tato
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Utecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris Papazov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selim Guersel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lena Burow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arda C Cetindag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - John D Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleinedam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Preis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike J Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurology (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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7
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Böttcher A, Zarucha A, Köbe T, Gaubert M, Höppner A, Altenstein S, Bartels C, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Frommann I, Haynes JD, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger C, Munk MHJ, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Teipel SJ, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Düzel E, Jessen F, Röske S, Wagner M, Kempermann G, Wirth M. Musical Activity During Life Is Associated With Multi-Domain Cognitive and Brain Benefits in Older Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:945709. [PMID: 36092026 PMCID: PMC9454948 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.945709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular musical activity as a complex multimodal lifestyle activity is proposed to be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. This cross-sectional study investigated the association and interplay between musical instrument playing during life, multi-domain cognitive abilities and brain morphology in older adults (OA) from the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) study. Participants reporting having played a musical instrument across three life periods (n = 70) were compared to controls without a history of musical instrument playing (n = 70), well-matched for reserve proxies of education, intelligence, socioeconomic status and physical activity. Participants with musical activity outperformed controls in global cognition, working memory, executive functions, language, and visuospatial abilities, with no effects seen for learning and memory. The musically active group had greater gray matter volume in the somatosensory area, but did not differ from controls in higher-order frontal, temporal, or hippocampal volumes. However, the association between gray matter volume in distributed frontal-to-temporal regions and cognitive abilities was enhanced in participants with musical activity compared to controls. We show that playing a musical instrument during life relates to better late-life cognitive abilities and greater brain capacities in OA. Musical activity may serve as a multimodal enrichment strategy that could help preserve cognitive and brain health in late life. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to support this notion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Böttcher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
- Section of Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexis Zarucha
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa Köbe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Malo Gaubert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Höppner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H. J. Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
- Systems Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J. Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Röske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Miranka Wirth,
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Ballarini T, Melo van Lent D, Brunner J, Schröder A, Wolfsgruber S, Altenstein S, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Duzel E, Ertl-Wagner B, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Frommann I, Glanz W, Hauser D, Haynes JD, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Maier F, Metzger CD, Munk M, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Ramirez A, Rauchmann B, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Teipel SJ, Vukovich R, Wiltfang J, Jessen F, Wagner M. Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and Brain Atrophy in Old Age. Neurology 2021; 96:e2920-e2932. [PMID: 33952652 PMCID: PMC8253566 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether following a Mediterranean-like diet (MeDi) relates to cognitive functions and in vivo biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD), we analyzed cross-sectional data from the German DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. METHOD: The sample (n=512, mean age: 69.5±5.9 years) included 169 cognitively normal participants and subjects at higher AD risk (53 with relatives with AD, 209 with subjective cognitive decline, and 81 with mild cognitive impairment). We defined MeDi adherence based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Brain volume outcomes were generated via voxel-based morphometry on T1-MRI and cognitive performance with an extensive neuropsychological battery. AD-related biomarkers (Aβ42/40 ratio, pTau181) in cerebrospinal fluid were assessed in n=226 individuals. We analyzed the associations between MeDi and the outcomes with linear regression models controlling for several covariates. Additionally, we applied hypothesis-driven mediation and moderation analysis. RESULTS Higher MeDi adherence related to larger mediotemporal gray matter volume (p<0.05 FWE corrected), better memory (β±SE = 0.03 ± 0.02; p=0.038), and less amyloid (Aβ42/40 ratio, β±SE = 0.003 ± 0.001; p=0.008) and pTau181 pathology (β±SE = -1.96±0.68; p=0.004). Mediotemporal volume mediated the association between MeDi and memory (40% indirect mediation). Finally, MeDi favorably moderated the associations between Aβ42/40 ratio, pTau181 and mediotemporal atrophy. Results were consistent correcting for ApoE-ε4 status. CONCLUSION Our findings corroborate the view of MeDi as a protective factor against memory decline and mediotemporal atrophy. Importantly, they suggest that these associations might be explained by a decrease of amyloidosis and tau-pathology. Longitudinal and dietary intervention studies should further examine this conjecture and its treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio: San Antonio, TX, US
| | - Julia Brunner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Schröder
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-LynenStrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-AugustUniversity Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-MaximiliansUniversity, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Hauser
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline Danielle Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147 Rostock
| | - Ruth Vukovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Herdick M, Dyrba M, Fritz HCJ, Altenstein S, Ballarini T, Brosseron F, Buerger K, Can Cetindag A, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Duezel E, Ertl-Wagner B, Fliessbach K, Dawn Freiesleben S, Frommann I, Glanz W, Dylan Haynes J, Heneka MT, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Metzger CD, Munk MH, Peters O, Priller J, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spottke A, Jakob Spruth E, Tscheuschler M, Vukovich R, Wiltfang J, Jessen F, Teipel S, Grothe MJ. Multimodal MRI analysis of basal forebrain structure and function across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102495. [PMID: 33395986 PMCID: PMC7689403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of the cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multimodal MRI allows for the investigation of cBF changes in-vivo. In this study we assessed alterations in cBF functional connectivity (FC), mean diffusivity (MD), and volume across the spectrum of AD. We further assessed effects of amyloid pathology on these changes. METHODS Participants included healthy controls, and subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD dementia (ADD) from the multicenter DELCODE study. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and structural MRI data was available for 477 subjects, and a subset of 243 subjects also had DTI data available. Differences between diagnostic groups were investigated using seed-based FC, volumetric, and MD analyses of functionally defined anterior (a-cBF) and posterior (p-cBF) subdivisions of a cytoarchitectonic cBF region-of-interest. In complementary analyses groups were stratified according to amyloid status based on CSF Aβ42/40 biomarker data, which was available in a subset of participants. RESULTS a-cBF and p-cBF subdivisions showed regional FC profiles that were highly consistent with previously reported patterns, but there were only minimal differences between diagnostic groups. Compared to controls, cBF volumes and MD were significantly different in MCI and ADD but not in SCD. The Aβ42/40 stratified analyses largely matched these results. CONCLUSIONS We reproduced subregion-specific FC profiles of the cBF in a clinical sample spanning the AD spectrum. At least in this multicentric cohort study, cBF-FC did not show marked changes along the AD spectrum, and multimodal MRI did not provide more sensitive measures of AD-related cBF changes compared to volumetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Herdick
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian J Fritz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Ballarini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Arda Can Cetindag
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Duezel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John Dylan Haynes
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Coraline D Metzger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany; Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Tscheuschler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Vukovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931Köln, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Guski J, Polcher A, Frommann I, Roeske S, Spruth EJ, Franke C, Priller J, Kilimann I, Teipel S, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Laske C, Buchmann M, Peters O, Menne F, Fuentes Casan M, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Düzel E, Metzger C, Glanz W, Thelen M, Spottke A, Ramirez A, Kofler B, Fließbach K, Schneider A, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Meiberth D, Jessen F, Wagner M. Minor neuropsychological deficits in patients with subjective cognitive decline. Neurology 2020; 95:e1134-e1143. [PMID: 32636322 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the nature and extent of minor neuropsychological deficits in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and their association with CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD). METHOD We analyzed data from n = 449 cognitively normal participants (n = 209 healthy controls, n = 240 patients with SCD) from an interim data release of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). An extensive neuropsychological test battery was applied at baseline for which we established a latent, 5 cognitive domain factor structure comprising learning and memory, executive functions, language abilities, working memory, and visuospatial functions. We compared groups in terms of global and domain-specific performance and correlated performance with different CSF markers of AD pathology. RESULTS We observed worse performance (Cohen d = ≈0.25-0.5, adjusted for age, sex differences with analysis of covariance) in global performance, memory, executive functions, and language abilities for the SCD group compared to healthy controls. In addition, worse performance in these domains was moderately (r = ≈0.3) associated with lower CSF β-amyloid42/40 and CSF β-amyloid42/phosphorylated tau181 in the whole sample and specifically in the SCD subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Within the spectrum of clinically unimpaired (i.e., before mild cognitive impairment) cognitive performance, SCD is associated with minor deficits in memory, executive function, and language abilities. The association of these subtle cognitive deficits with AD CSF biomarkers speaks to their validity and potential use for the early detection of underlying preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wolfsgruber
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jannis Guski
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Polcher
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiana Franke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Buchmann
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Menne
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Fuentes Casan
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Coraline Metzger
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuela Thelen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Kofler
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederic Brosseron
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Dix Meiberth
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., S.R., M.T., A. Spottke, A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.H., F.B., D.M., F.J., M.W.); Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., L.K., J.G., A.P., I.F., A.R., B.K., K.F., A. Schneider, M.T.H., F.B., M.W.), University of Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.J.S., J.P., O.P., F.M., M.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (E.J.S., C.F., J.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (I.K., S.T.); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine (I.K., S.T.), Rostock University Medical Center; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (K.B.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (K.B., D.J.), University Hospital, LMU Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L., M.B.); Section for Dementia Research (C.L., M.B.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; (O.P., F.M., M.F.C.), Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (J.W., C.B.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (J.W., C.B.), University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.D., C.M.); Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (E.D., C.M., W.G.) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.M.), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg; Department of Neurology (A. Spottke), University Hospital Bonn; and Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry (A.R.) and Department of Psychiatry (M.T., D.M., F.J.), Medical Faculty University of Cologne, Germany
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Kleineidam L, Frommann I, Ruhrmann S, Klosterkötter J, Brockhaus-Dumke A, Wölwer W, Gaebel W, Maier W, Wagner M, Ettinger U. Antisaccade and prosaccade eye movements in individuals clinically at risk for psychosis: comparison with first-episode schizophrenia and prediction of conversion. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:921-930. [PMID: 30635714 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Saccadic eye movements are well-described markers of cerebral function and have been widely studied in schizophrenia spectrum populations. However, less is known about saccades in individuals clinically at risk for schizophrenia. Therefore, we studied individuals in an at-risk mental state (ARMS) (N = 160), patients in their first episode of schizophrenia (N = 32) and healthy controls (N = 75). N = 88 ARMS participants showed an early at-risk mental state (E-ARMS), defined by cognitive-perceptive basic symptoms (COPER) or a combination of risk and loss of function, whereas N = 72 were in a late at-risk mental state (L-ARMS), defined by attenuated psychotic symptoms or brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms. We examined prosaccades, reflecting overt attentional shifts, and antisaccades, measuring inhibitory control, as well as their relationship as an indicator of the interplay of bottom-up and top-down influences. L-ARMS but not E-ARMS participants had increased antisaccade latencies compared to controls. First-episode patients had higher antisaccade error rates compared to E-ARMS participants and controls, and increased latencies compared to all other groups. Prosaccade latencies did not differ between groups. We observed the expected negative correlation between prosaccade latency and antisaccade error rate, indicating that individuals with shorter prosaccade latencies made more antisaccade errors. The magnitude of the association did not differ between groups. No saccadic measure predicted conversion to psychosis within 2 years. These findings confirm the existence of antisaccade impairments in patients with schizophrenia and provide evidence that volitional response generation in the antisaccade task may be affected even before onset of clinically overt psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Klosterkötter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anke Brockhaus-Dumke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Rheinhessen-Fachklinik Alzey, Dautenheimer Landstraße 66, 55232, Alzey, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wölwer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany
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Miebach L, Wolfsgruber S, Frommann I, Fließbach K, Jessen F, Buckley R, Wagner M. Cognitive Complaints in Memory Clinic Patients and in Depressive Patients: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Gerontologist 2019; 59:290-302. [PMID: 29325011 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cognitive complaints are discussed as early signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, they are also very common in cognitively normal older adults and in patients with depression. Qualitative, interview-based approaches might be useful to identify those features of cognitive complaints specific for the experiences of cognitive decline in preclinical or prodromal AD versus those complaints typically reported by depressed patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A semi-structured interview was administered to 21 cognitively normal older adults (HC), 18 nondemented memory clinic patients (MC), and 11 patients with a major depression (MD), all above 55 years. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was applied to the interview transcripts to develop emerging complaint themes in each group. To identify thematic correspondence and possibly novel, hitherto unappreciated themes, the extracted complaint categories were compared with the neurocognitive domains in the DSM-5 and the content of the Everyday Cognition questionnaire (E-Cog). RESULTS IPA yielded 18 cognitive complaint categories in MC, 10 in depressive patients, and 10 categories in the HC group. Several themes were common across groups, but some were group-specific, for example, spatial disorientation was only reported in MC patients. Some of these MC-specific themes were neither represented by DSM-5 domains nor by the E-Cog. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS We report a comprehensive qualitative description of cognitive complaints in old age which could help to develop questionnaires or structured interviews to better assess AD-related subjective cognitive decline. This may help to increase specificity in selecting high-risk subjects in research settings and improve clinical judgment of diverse cognitive complaints types mentioned by their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miebach
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Rachel Buckley
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia.,Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.,DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
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Metzger CD, Dyrba M, Bittner D, Hu X, Teipel SJ, Grothe MJ, Peters O, Menne F, Fuentes M, Priller J, Spruth E, Franke C, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Kofler B, Wiltfang J, Bartels C, Bürger K, Catak C, Kilimann I, Laske C, Buchmann M, Spottke A, Thelen M, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Ramirez A, Wagner M, Wolfsgruber S, Roeske S, Frommann I, Polcher A, Dobisch L, Jessen F, Düzel E. P1-407: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY, AMYLOID AND TAU IN DIFFERENT STAGES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AS DEMONSTRATED IN THE DZNE DELCODE COHORT. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Polcher A, Frommann I, Koppara A, Wolfsgruber S, Jessen F, Wagner M. Face-Name Associative Recognition Deficits in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:1185-1196. [PMID: 28106560 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for more sensitive neuropsychological tests to detect subtle cognitive deficits emerging in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Associative memory is a cognitive function supported by the hippocampus and affected early in the process of AD. OBJECTIVE We developed a short computerized face-name associative recognition test (FNART) and tested whether it would detect memory impairment in memory clinic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS We recruited 61 elderly patients with either SCD (n = 32) or MCI (n = 29) and 28 healthy controls (HC) and compared performance on FNART, self-reported cognitive deterioration in different domains (ECog-39), and, in a reduced sample (n = 46), performance on the visual Paired Associates Learning of the CANTAB battery. RESULTS A significant effect of group on FNART test performance in the total sample was found (p < 0.001). Planned contrasts indicated a significantly lower associative memory performance in the SCD (p = 0.001, d = 0.82) and MCI group (p < 0.001, d = 1.54), as compared to HCs, respectively. The CANTAB-PAL discriminated only between HC and MCI, possibly because of reduced statistical power. Adjusted for depression, performance on FNART was significantly related to ECog-39 Memory in SCD patients (p = 0.024) but not in MCI patients. CONCLUSIONS Associative memory is substantially impaired in memory clinic patients with SCD and correlates specifically with memory complaints at this putative preclinical stage of AD. Further studies will need to examine the predictive validity of the FNART in SCD patients with regard to longitudinal (i.e., conversion to MCI/AD) and biomarker outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Polcher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Koppara
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
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15
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Rehme AK, Bey K, Frommann I, Mogg K, Bradley BP, Bludau J, Block V, Sträter B, Schütz CG, Wagner M. Selective attention to smoking cues in former smokers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:276-284. [PMID: 29371023 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Repeated drug use modifies the emotional and cognitive processing of drug-associated cues. These changes are supposed to persist even after prolonged abstinence. Several studies demonstrated that smoking cues selectively attract the attention of smokers, but empirical evidence for such an attentional bias among successful quitters is inconclusive. Here, we investigated whether attentional biases persist after smoking cessation. Thirty-eight former smokers, 34 current smokers, and 29 non-smokers participated in a single experimental session. We used three measures of attentional bias for smoking stimuli: A visual probe task with short (500ms) and long (2000ms) picture stimulus durations, and a modified Stroop task with smoking-related and neutral words. Former smokers and current smokers, as compared to non-smokers, showed an attentional bias in visual orienting to smoking pictures in the 500ms condition of the visual probe task. The Stroop interference index of smoking words was negatively related to nicotine dependence in current smokers. Former smokers and mildly dependent smokers, as compared to non-smokers, showed increased interference by smoking words in the Stroop task. Neither current nor former smokers showed an attentional bias in maintained attention (2000ms visual probe task). In conclusion, even after prolonged abstinence smoking cues retain incentive salience in former smokers, who differed from non-smokers on two attentional bias indices. Attentional biases in former smokers operate mainly in early involuntary rather than in controlled processing, and may represent a vulnerability factor for relapse. Therefore, smoking cessation programs should strengthen self-control abilities to prevent relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Rehme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Mogg
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan P Bradley
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Bludau
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Block
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgitta Sträter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian G Schütz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Miebach L, Wolfsgruber S, Frommann I, Fließbach K, Jessen F, Buckley RF, Wagner M. [P1–320]: INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE COMPLAINTS REVEALS COMMONALITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEMORY‐CLINIC PATIENTS, DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS, AND HEALTHY ELDERLY. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miebach
- DZNEGerman Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- DZNEGerman Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Klaus Fließbach
- DZNEGerman Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Frank Jessen
- University Hospital CologneCologneGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)CologneGermany
| | - Rachel F. Buckley
- University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
- The Florey Institutes of Neurosciences and Mental HealthMelbourneAustralia
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
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17
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Koppara A, Frommann I, Polcher A, Parra MA, Maier W, Jessen F, Klockgether T, Wagner M. Feature Binding Deficits in Subjective Cognitive Decline and in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48 Suppl 1:S161-70. [PMID: 26402080 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feature binding is a sensitive and specific cognitive marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are clinical categories associated with an increased risk for AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the SCD and MCI group are impaired with regard to feature binding. METHODS The feature binding test was administered to memory clinic patients with either SCD (n = 19, mean MMSE: 29.2) or with MCI (n = 23, mean MMSE: 26.5), and to a group of healthy controls (HC, n = 23, mean MMSE: 29.0). Participants were assessed with the CERAD Plus neuropsychological test battery. Cognitive performance of the three groups was compared by ANCOVA with age, gender and education as covariates and planned contrasts. RESULTS Groups differed in the binding condition. Planned contrasts showed significant differences in adjusted means between HC and SCD (p = 0.003), as well as between HC and MCI (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION The feature binding task detects subtle cognitive impairments in participants with SCD, who are unimpaired in traditional neuropsychological testing. This corroborates the use of feature binding tests in preclinical AD studies and suggests that specific cognitive deficits can be found in SCD. Future studies incorporating AD biomarkers and longitudinal follow-up are needed to further establish the clinical utility of feature binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koppara
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Polcher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mario A Parra
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Buckley RF, Saling MM, Frommann I, Wolfsgruber S, Wagner M. Subjective Cognitive Decline from a Phenomenological Perspective: A Review of the Qualitative Literature. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48 Suppl 1:S125-40. [PMID: 26402078 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline is related to greater risk of dementia and biological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but researchers are yet to characterize the phenomenological perspective of cognitive decline in those with and without a diagnosis of AD. OBJECTIVE To collate and synthesize studies measuring the subjective experience of cognitive change or decline in healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment and AD. METHODS We reviewed 58 peer-reviewed articles that were found to directly or indirectly refer to the subjective experience of cognitive decline. RESULTS We extracted eight central themes, dealing with cognitive changes experienced by each diagnostic group, and also related to issues of changing self-identity, the causal attribution of cognitive decline, the anxiety and concern related to perceived decline, the negative perceptions attached to a diagnosis of dementia, changing levels of insight, and perception of well-being in aging. CONCLUSION This review is the first step toward characterizing phenomenological profiles of cognitive change in both non-demented and demented older adults. Developing a clearer understanding of subjective cognitive decline, particularly at the earliest stages of AD, will augment the sensitivity of detection of individuals at greater risk of future dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Buckley
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael M Saling
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingo Frommann
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Miebach L, Wolfsgruber S, Frommann I, Buckley RF, Wagner M. P1‐217: Cognitive Complaint Profiles in Memory Clinic and Depressive Patients. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miebach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of BonnBonnGermany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of BonnBonnGermany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | - Rachel F. Buckley
- The Florey Institutes of Neurosciences and Mental HealthMelbourneAustralia
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
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20
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Wessels H, Wagner M, Frommann I, Berning J, Pützfeld V, Janssen B, Bottlender R, Maurer K, Möller HJ, Gaebel W, Häfner H, Maier W, Klosterkötter J, Bechdolf A. [Neuropsychological Functioning as a Predictor of Treatment Response to Psychoeducational, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in People at Clinical High Risk of First Episode Psychosis]. Psychiatr Prax 2015; 42:313-9. [PMID: 26308457 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1552713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate whether treatment response in people at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR) is predicted by their cognitive performance. METHOD 128 CHR outpatients were randomized into two treatment groups, one receiving integrated psychological intervention (IPI), including psychoeducation, the other receiving supportive counselling (SC) for 12 months. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify neurocognitive predictors of treatment response in a subgroup of n = 105, measured by symptomatic and functional improvement at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS In the IPI, treatment response was associated with performance of executive control and processing speed (R² = 0.27, p = 0.002). In both treatment groups, performance of working memory/attention was a significant predictor (IPI: R² = 0.15, p = 0.039, SC: R² = 0.19, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Cognitive performance is associated with treatment response in CHR people. The enhancement of cognitive performance is a useful target of early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wessels
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Köln
| | - Michael Wagner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - Julia Berning
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - Verena Pützfeld
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Köln
| | - Birgit Janssen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
| | | | - Kurt Maurer
- Zentralinstitut für seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
| | - Heinz Häfner
- Zentralinstitut für seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | | | - Andreas Bechdolf
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Köln
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21
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Fliessbach K, Frommann I, Ramirez A, Drzezga A, Jessen F. P4‐057: Slowly progressing logopenic aphasia in a patient with a TREM2 (p.T96K) mutation. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Fliessbach
- University of BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
| | | | | | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- University of CologneCologneGermany
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22
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Polcher AA, Frommann I, Koppara A, Jessen F, Wagner M. P2‐192: Face‐name associative recognition is impaired in patients with subjective cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingo Frommann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- University Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | | | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesBonnGermany
- University of BonnBonnGermany
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23
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Koppara A, Wagner M, Polcher A, Frommann I, Klockgether T, Jessen F, Mario PA. P2‐240: IMPAIRED VISUAL FEATURE BINDING IN PATIENTS AT RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: EVIDENCE FROM PATIENTS WITH SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE (SCD) AND FROM PATIENTS WITH MCI. Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koppara
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyRheinische‐Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | | | | | | | | | - Parra A. Mario
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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24
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Preller KH, Wagner M, Sulzbach C, Hoenig K, Neubauer J, Franke PE, Petrovsky N, Frommann I, Rehme AK, Quednow BB. Sustained incentive value of heroin-related cues in short- and long-term abstinent heroin users. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1270-9. [PMID: 23219936 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Models of addiction and addiction memory propose that drug-associated cues elicit incentive effects in drug users, which play an important role in maintenance of drug use and relapse. Incentive effects have been demonstrated for smoking and alcohol-related cues but evidence for heroin-related cues has been inconclusive. Furthermore, it is unknown whether appetitive effects of heroin-related cues persist after prolonged abstinence, although heroin addiction is known to have high relapse rates. Therefore, we investigated implicit and explicit valence of heroin-related cues in dependent users at different stages of abstinence using affective startle modulation. In Study I, 15 current heroin users were measured before and after detoxification. Correspondingly, 15 healthy control participants were tested twice at an interval of 14 days. In Study II, 14 long-term abstinent heroin users were additionally measured in a single session. Implicit processing of drug-related stimuli was assessed using affective startle modulation by pictures of heroin and smoking scenes. Explicit reactions were measured using ratings of valence and craving. In contrast to controls, heroin-dependent participants showed a clear reduction of startle response during heroin-related pictures (p<0.05). Detoxification did not significantly change their startle responses to heroin-cues. No difference between non-detoxified current and long-term abstinent heroin users was found in implicit reactions to heroin-cues, whereas explicit measures differed between both groups (all p<0.05). After detoxification and even after prolonged abstinence, heroin cues still exert implicit appetitive effects in heroin users. This implies that drug-induced adaptations of reward circuits are long-lasting, resulting in a highly stable addiction memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin H Preller
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Clinic of Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Lennertz L, Wagner M, Wölwer W, Schuhmacher A, Frommann I, Berning J, Schulze-Rauschenbach S, Landsberg MW, Steinbrecher A, Alexander M, Franke PE, Pukrop R, Ruhrmann S, Bechdolf A, Gaebel W, Klosterkötter J, Häfner H, Maier W, Mössner R. A promoter variant of SHANK1 affects auditory working memory in schizophrenia patients and in subjects clinically at risk for psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262:117-24. [PMID: 21901269 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-011-0233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in postsynaptic scaffolding genes contribute to autism, thus suggesting a role in pathological processes in neurodevelopment. Recently, two de novo mutations in SHANK3 were described in schizophrenia patients. In most cases, abnormal SHANK3 genotype was also accompanied by cognitive disruptions. The present study queries whether common SHANK variants may also contribute to neuropsychological dysfunctions in schizophrenia. We genotyped five common coding or promoter variants located in SHANK1, SHANK2 and SHANK3. A comprehensive test battery was used to assess neuropsychological functions in 199 schizophrenia patients and 206 healthy control subjects. In addition, an independent sample of 77 subjects at risk for psychosis was analyzed for replication of significant findings. We found the T allele of the SHANK1 promoter variant rs3810280 to lead to significantly impaired auditory working memory as assessed with digit span (12.5 ± 3.6 vs. 14.8 ± 4.1, P < .001) in schizophrenia cases, applying strict Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. This finding was replicated for forward digit span in the at-risk sample (7.1 ± 2.0 vs. 8.3 ± 2.0, P = .044). Previously, altered memory functions and reduced dendritic spines and postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses were reported in SHANK1 knock-out mice. Moreover, the atypical neuroleptic clozapine was found to increase SHANK1 density in rats. Our findings suggest a role of SHANK1 in working memory deficits in schizophrenia, which may arise from neurodevelopmental changes to prefrontal cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Lennertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Frommann I, Pukrop R, Brinkmeyer J, Bechdolf A, Ruhrmann S, Berning J, Decker P, Riedel M, Möller HJ, Wölwer W, Gaebel W, Klosterkötter J, Maier W, Wagner M. Neuropsychological profiles in different at-risk states of psychosis: executive control impairment in the early--and additional memory dysfunction in the late--prodromal state. Schizophr Bull 2011; 37:861-73. [PMID: 20053865 PMCID: PMC3122293 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbp155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in neuropsychological functioning have been described in subjects clinically at high risk for psychosis, but the specific cognitive deficits in different clinical high-risk groups remain to be elucidated. The German Research Network on Schizophrenia employs a heuristic 2-stage model: a putatively late prodromal state (LPS), characterized by the onset of attenuated positive or brief psychotic symptoms, and an early prodromal state (EPS), mainly characterized by the presence of basic symptoms, which are predictive for psychosis within the next 10 years. A total of 205 subjects met the criteria for either an EPS or an LPS of psychosis and were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Neurocognitive profiles of high-risk groups were compared with data of 87 healthy controls comparable with regard to gender, age, and premorbid verbal IQ. Patients in the LPS were impaired in all neurocognitive domains (memory/learning, executive control/processing speed, and working memory) examined, with memory being the worst. Deficits were less pronounced in patients in the EPS, with a specific deficit in the executive control/processing speed domain. Consistent with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder, some cognitive abilities were already impaired in patients in the EPS, followed by further deterioration in the LPS. Specifically, deficits in executive control functioning were related to the presence of basic symptoms, indicating a vulnerability for psychosis. Memory deficits were associated with the onset of psychotic symptoms indicating further disease progression in the trajectory to psychosis and, thus, may be useful in predicting psychosis and targeting early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Frommann
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Street 25, Bonn, Germany.
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Brinkmeyer J, Mobascher A, Musso F, Schmitz M, Wagner M, Frommann I, Gründer G, Spreckelmeyer KN, Wienker T, Díaz-Lacava A, Holler D, Dahmen N, Thuerauf N, Clepce M, Kiefer F, de Millas W, Gallinat J, Winterer G. P50 sensory gating and smoking in the general population. Addict Biol 2011; 16:485-98. [PMID: 21392171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
P50 gating is a major functional biomarker in research on schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions with high smoking prevalence. It is used as endophenotype for studying nicotinic systems genetics and as surrogate endpoint measure for drug development of nicotinic agonists. Surprisingly, little is known about P50 gating in the general population and the relationship to smoking-related characteristics. In this multicenter study at six academic institutions throughout Germany, n=907 never-smokers (NS<20 cigarettes/lifetime), n=463 light smokers (LS) with Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)≥4 and n=353 heavy smokers (HS, FTND<4) were randomly selected from the general population. As part of a standardized protocol for investigating the genetics of nicotine dependence (ND), an auditory P50 paradigm was applied. The main outcome measure was P50-amplitude difference followed by time-frequency analyses and functional imaging (sLORETA). Reduced P50 gating was found in HS compared to NS with LS taking an intermediate position-correlating with the degree of ND. sLORETA and time-frequency analyses indicate that high-frequency oscillations in frontal brain regions are particularly affected. With growing age, P50 gating increased in (heavy) smokers. This is the first large-scale study (normative sample data) on P50 sensory gating and smoking in the general population. Diminished gating of P50 and associated high-frequency oscillations in the frontal brain region are indications of a deficient inhibitory cortical function in nicotine-dependent smokers. The suitability and application of sensory P50 gating as functional biomarker with regard to genetic and pharmacological studies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Brinkmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstrasse 2, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Lennertz L, Rujescu D, Wagner M, Frommann I, Schulze-Rauschenbach S, Schuhmacher A, Landsberg MW, Franke P, Möller HJ, Wölwer W, Gaebel W, Häfner H, Maier W, Mössner R. Novel schizophrenia risk gene TCF4 influences verbal learning and memory functioning in schizophrenia patients. Neuropsychobiology 2011; 63:131-6. [PMID: 21228604 DOI: 10.1159/000317844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a role of the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene in schizophrenia has been reported in a large genome-wide association study. It has been hypothesized that TCF4 affects normal brain development and TCF4 has been related to different forms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Schizophrenia patients exhibit strong impairments of verbal declarative memory (VDM) functions. Thus, we hypothesized that the disease-associated C allele of the rs9960767 polymorphism of the TCF4 gene led to impaired VDM functioning in schizophrenia patients. METHOD The TCF4 variant was genotyped in 401 schizophrenia patients. VDM functioning was measured using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). RESULTS Carriers of the C allele were less impaired in recognition compared to those carrying the AA genotype (13.76 vs. 13.06; p = 0.049). Moreover, a trend toward higher scores in patients with the risk allele was found for delayed recall (10.24 vs. 9.41; p = 0.088). The TCF4 genotype did not influence intelligence or RAVLT immediate recall or total verbal learning. CONCLUSION VDM function is influenced by the TCF4 gene in schizophrenia patients. However, the elevated risk for schizophrenia is not conferred by TCF4-mediated VDM impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Lennertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Popp J, Lewczuk P, Frommann I, Kölsch H, Kornhuber J, Maier W, Jessen F. Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers for Alzheimer's Disease over the Lifespan: Effects of Age and the APOEε4 Genotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 22:459-68. [PMID: 21084733 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Kölsch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Lennertz L, Wagner M, Frommann I, Schulze-Rauschenbach S, Schuhmacher A, Kühn KU, Pukrop R, Klosterkötter J, Wölwer W, Gaebel W, Rietschel M, Häfner H, Maier W, Mössner R. A coding variant of the novel serotonin receptor subunit 5-HT3E influences sustained attention in schizophrenia patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 20:414-20. [PMID: 20356718 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sustained attention as measured by the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) has proved a valuable endophenotype for schizophrenia. Recently pharmacological studies suggested a role of the serotonin (5-HT) 3 receptor in schizophrenia. The 5-HT3 receptors are the only ligand-gated ion channels within the 5-HT receptor family. Applying an endophenotype approach, we investigated a potential impact of the genes of the 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B subunits as well as the novel 5-HT3C, 5-HT3D, and 5-HT3E subunits on CPT performance in subjects with schizophrenia. The study included 196 patients with schizophrenia, 113 of their parents, and 205 healthy controls recruited from community registers. Sustained attention was assessed with the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP). Assessing functional and coding variants of the 5-HT3 receptor subunit genes, we found the GG genotype of the 5-HT3E subunit gene (rs7627615; Thr86Ala) to be associated with better attentional capacities in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls. This study provides additional evidence for a role of the serotonergic system and the 5-HT3 receptor in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Lennertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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31
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Mössner R, Schuhmacher A, Wagner M, Quednow BB, Frommann I, Kühn KU, Schwab SG, Rietschel M, Falkai P, Wölwer W, Ruhrmann S, Bechdolf A, Gaebel W, Klosterkötter J, Maier W. DAOA/G72 predicts the progression of prodromal syndromes to first episode psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260:209-15. [PMID: 19763662 PMCID: PMC3128744 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-009-0044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic factors determining the progression of prodromal syndromes to first episode schizophrenia have remained enigmatic to date. In a unique prospective multicentre trial, we assessed whether variants at the D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA)/G72 locus influence progression to psychosis. Young subjects with a prodromal syndrome were observed prospectively for up to 2 years to assess the incidence of progression to schizophrenia or first episode psychosis. Of the 82 probands with a prodromal syndrome, 21 probands experienced progression to psychosis within the observation period. Assessment of nine common variants in the DAOA/G72 locus yielded two variants with the predictive value for symptom progression: all four probands with the rs1341402 CC genotype developed psychosis compared with 17 out of 78 probands with the TT or CT genotypes (chi(2) = 12.348; df = 2; p = 0.002). The relative risk for progression to psychosis was significantly increased in the CC genotype: RR = 4.588 (95% CI = 2.175-4.588). Similarly, for rs778294, 50% of probands with the AA genotype, but only 22% of probands with a GG or GA genotype progressed to psychosis (chi(2) = 7.027; df = 2; p = 0.030). Moreover, haplotype analysis revealed a susceptibility haplotype for progression to psychosis. This is one of the first studies to identify a specific genetic factor for the progression of prodromal syndromes to schizophrenia, and further underscores the importance of the DAOA/G72 gene for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainald Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anna Schuhmacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Boris B. Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany ,University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sibylle G. Schwab
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany ,Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wölwer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Bechdolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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Popp J, Lewczuk P, Linnebank M, Cvetanovska G, Smulders Y, Kölsch H, Frommann I, Kornhuber J, Maier W, Jessen F. Homocysteine Metabolism and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers for Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 18:819-28. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Yvo Smulders
- VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Dept. Internal Medicine and Metabolic Unit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Institute for Cardiovascular Research – ICaR-VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Kölsch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Frommann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
AIMS It was assumed that the startle amplitude in smokers is reduced while viewing pictures of smoking, suggesting that smoking cues are appetitive. The goal of the present study was to investigate (i) whether smoking scenes induce appetitive cue effects in smokers, and (ii) whether smoking intensity is related to cue-reactivity. DESIGN Smokers and non-smokers participated in a single session. PARTICIPANTS A total of 62 individuals participated: 36 smokers and 26 non-smokers. MEASUREMENTS Participants took part in an acoustic affective startle experiment using standardized pleasant, neutral and unpleasant scenes from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), as well as pictures of smoking. The effect of smoking cues was assessed by comparing neutral and smoking scenes (termed cue-related startle suppression, CSS). FINDINGS While there was no overall difference between smokers and non-smokers regarding the CSS, light smokers showed significantly increased cue-reactivity towards smoking-related cues, as compared with heavy smokers and non-smokers. In addition, light smokers also displayed stronger appetitive responses towards positive stimuli. CONCLUSIONS These data support recent theories which discriminate between habit-based and incentive-based drug abuse. This distinction may have consequences for the assessment and treatment of drug-addicted subjects. Furthermore, incentive-based light smoking seems to have general effects on the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Rehme
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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34
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Kircher T, Thienel R, Wagner M, Reske M, Habel U, Kellermann T, Frommann I, Schwab S, Wölwer W, von Wilmsdorf M, Braus DF, Schmitt A, Rapp A, Stöcker T, Shah NJ, Henn FA, Sauer H, Gaebel W, Maier W, Schneider F. Neuregulin 1 ICE-single nucleotide polymorphism in first episode schizophrenia correlates with cerebral activation in fronto-temporal areas. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 259:72-9. [PMID: 18806920 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-008-0837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Neuregulin (NRG1) gene has been associated with schizophrenia, but its functional implications are largely unknown. Our aim was to assess differential brain activation between patients carrying an at-risk allele on the Neuregulin 1 gene and patients without this genetic risk. Neural signal changes between 14 first episode schizophrenia patients with the at risk allele (SNP8NRG221533) from the Icelandic core haplotype and 14 without were measured with fMRI during a working memory task. Patients without the at risk allele showed greater activations (P < 0.05; corrected) in the left hippocampus, precuneus and cerebellum, as well as the right anterior cingulate. Brain regions previously associated with the pathology of Schizophrenia are differentially affected in those with a genetic at risk status in the NRG1 gene. Heterogeneity of structural and functional measures within patients characterized by clinical phenotypes may be in part due to this genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Kircher
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy RWTH , University of Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Quednow BB, Frommann I, Berning J, Kühn KU, Maier W, Wagner M. Impaired sensorimotor gating of the acoustic startle response in the prodrome of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64:766-73. [PMID: 18514166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia patients exhibit impairment in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR), which is commonly interpreted as a sensorimotor gating deficit. To date, it is unclear when these gating deficits arise. Results of animal studies and some human data suggest that PPI deficits are in part genetically determined, such that gating deficits could be present before the onset of a full-blown psychosis. To test this assumption, we investigated PPI of ASR in individuals with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia and patients with first-episode schizophrenia. METHODS Startle reactivity, habituation, and PPI of ASR, as well as a neuropsychological test battery, were assessed in 54 subjects with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia (35 early and 19 late prodromal subjects), 31 first-episode schizophrenia patients (14 unmedicated, 17 medicated), and 28 healthy control subjects. Patients were also examined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. RESULTS Prodromal subjects and unmedicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia showed significant PPI deficits, whereas schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone had almost normal PPI. Startle reactivity decreased with greater severity of symptoms (control subjects, early prodromal group > late prodromal group > unmedicated first-episode patients) but was almost normal in the medicated patients. With respect to habituation, prodromal subjects and schizophrenia patients did not differ from healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS PPI disruption is already present in a prodromal state of schizophrenia, but startle reactivity deficits seem to emerge with the onset of acute psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris B Quednow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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36
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Hurlemann R, Jessen F, Wagner M, Frommann I, Ruhrmann S, Brockhaus A, Picker H, Scheef L, Block W, Schild HH, Moller-Hartmann W, Krug B, Falkai P, Klosterkotter J, Maier W. Interrelated neuropsychological and anatomical evidence of hippocampal pathology in the at-risk mental state. Psychol Med 2008; 38:843-851. [PMID: 18387213 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291708003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbal learning and memory deficits are frequent among patients with schizophrenia and correlate with reduced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes of the hippocampus in these patients. A crucial question is the extent to which interrelated structural-functional deficits of the hippocampus reflect a vulnerability to schizophrenia, as opposed to the disorder per se. METHOD We combined brain structural measures and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to assess hippocampal structure and function in 36 never-medicated individuals suspected to be in early (EPS) or late prodromal states (LPS) of schizophrenia relative to 30 healthy controls. RESULTS Group comparisons revealed bilaterally reduced MRI hippocampal volumes in both EPS and LPS subjects. In LPS subjects but not in EPS subjects, these reductions were correlated with poorer performance in RAVLT delayed recall. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest progressive and interrelated structural-functional pathology of the hippocampus, as prodromal symptoms and behaviours accumulate, and the level of risk for psychosis increases. Given the inverse correlation of learning and memory deficits with social and vocational functioning in established schizophrenia, our findings substantiate the rationale for developing preventive treatment strategies that maintain cognitive capacities in the at-risk mental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Wagner M, Petrovsky N, Brinkmeyer J, Woelwer W, Bechdolf A, Ruhrmann S, Klosterkoetter J, Maier W, Frommann I. Antisaccade deficits in subjects either genetically or clinically at risk for schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Quednow B, Frommann I, Berning J, Kühn K, Maier W, Wagner M. Impaired sensorimotor gating of the acoustic startle response in the prodrome of schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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39
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Wagner M, Frommann I, Pukrop R, Bechdolf A, Ruhrmann S, Klosterkoetter J, Brinkmeyer J, Woelwer W, Decker P, Maier W. Neurocognitive deficits in clinical high risk subjects: Relationship to symptoms and disease progression. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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40
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Schneider F, Habel U, Reske M, Kellermann T, Stöcker T, Shah NJ, Zilles K, Braus DF, Schmitt A, Schlösser R, Wagner M, Frommann I, Kircher T, Rapp A, Meisenzahl E, Ufer S, Ruhrmann S, Thienel R, Sauer H, Henn FA, Gaebel W. Neural correlates of working memory dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenia patients: an fMRI multi-center study. Schizophr Res 2007; 89:198-210. [PMID: 17010573 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 07/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Working memory dysfunction is a prominent impairment in patients with schizophrenia. Our aim was to determine cerebral dysfunctions by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a large sample of first-episode schizophrenia patients during a working memory task. 75 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 81 control subjects, recruited within a multi-center study, performed 2- and 0-back tasks while brain activation was measured with fMRI. In order to guarantee comparability between data quality from different scanners, we developed and adopted a standardized, fully automated quality assurance of scanner hard- and software as well as a measure for in vivo data quality. After these quality-control measures had been implemented, 48 patients and 57 controls were included in the final analysis. During attention-related processes, even when the performance between patients and controls was comparable, there was a recognizable emergence of cerebral dysfunctions with hypoactivations in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), in the superior temporal cortex and in the thalamus. During working memory performance, parietal hypoactivations, especially in the precuneus, were prominent and were accompanied by poorer performance in patients. A hyperfrontality emerged in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Hence, results point to a dysfunctional ventrolateral prefrontal-parietal network during working memory in patients, suggesting impairments in basic functions such as retrieval, storage and maintenance. The brain activation pattern of this large and significant sample of first-episode schizophrenia patients indicates an imbalanced system failing to adjust the amount of brain activity required in the cerebral network involved in attention and working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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41
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Quednow BB, Frommann I, Falkai P, Maier W, Wagner M. Sensorimotor gating and habituation of the startle response in the prodrome of schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Schneider F, Habel U, Klein M, Kellermann T, Stoecker T, Braus D, Schmitt A, Schlösser R, Smesny S, Wagner M, Frommann I, Kircher T, Rapp A, Meisenzahl EM, Ufer S, Ruhrmann S, Müller MJ, Shah NJ, Sauer H, Henn FA, Gaebel W. A longitudinal multi-center fMRI study of cognition and emotion in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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