1
|
Diamantidou D, Deda O, Zervos I, Taitzoglou I, Gika H, Theodoridis G, Michopoulos F. Hepatic Metabolic Profiling of Lifelong Exercise Training Rats. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2075-2084. [PMID: 35939535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has been investigated as a primary preventive measure of several chronic diseases and premature death. Moreover, it has been shown to synchronize responses across multiple organs. In particular, hepatic tissue has proven to be a descriptive matrix to monitor the effect of physical activity. In this study, we performed an untargeted metabolomics-based analysis of hepatic tissue extracts from rats that have undergone either lifelong or chronic exercise training. For this purpose, 56 hepatic samples were collected and were analyzed by UHPLC-TOF-MS in negative ionization mode. This approach involved untargeted metabolite detection on hepatic tissue extracts accompanied by an in-house retention time/accurate mass library enabling confident metabolite identification. Unsupervised (PCA) and supervised (OPLS-DA) multivariate analysis showed significant metabolic perturbation on a panel of 28 metabolites, including amino acids, vitamins, nucleotides, and sugars. The training regime employed in this study resulted in a probable acceleration of the bioenergetic processes (glycolysis, glycogen metabolism), promoted catabolism of purines, and supplied biosynthetic precursors via the pentose phosphate pathway and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Overall, the applied methodology was able to discriminate the different training schedules based on the rat liver metabolome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Diamantidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Deda
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Helen Gika
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sapanidou V, Lavrentiadou SN, Errico M, Panagiotidis I, Fletouris D, Efraimidis I, Zervos I, Taitzoglou I, Gasparrini B, Tsantarliotou M. The addition of crocin in the freezing medium extender improves post-thaw semen quality. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:269-276. [PMID: 34825745 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is arguably the most important method or technique contributing to the advancement of modern animal production. However, the quality of sperm after thawing is still highly variable. The addition of antioxidant compounds to the freezing medium has been used customarily to counteract the harmful effects of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that are produced during the freeze/thaw process. Crocin, a potent antioxidant, improves the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. In this study, we evaluated the potential of crocin (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) as an extender additive to diminish the damaging effects of cryopreservation on bovine spermatozoa. Post-thaw semen quality was assessed by means of motility, viability and lipid peroxidation (LPO). We further investigated the effect of crocin supplementation upon freezing on sperm quality parameters during their incubation at 37°C for up to 2 hr. Overall, the data assessment indicates that crocin facilitated a general improvement of the quality of freeze/thawed spermatozoa, under the present experimental conditions. Crocin (1 mM) maintained a higher percentage of alive spermatozoa with intact acrosome with rapid and progressive motility, compared to the control extender. Moreover, the spermatozoa cryopreserved in the presence of crocin exhibited higher values in CASA kinematic parameters (VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH) immediately after thawing. Furthermore, the positive effect of crocin on motility parameters was also sustained over a period of 2 hr incubation at 37°C. This effect of crocin may be attributed to the observed inhibition of LPO during the incubation period. Thus, the results indicate that the addition of crocin (especially at a final concentration of 1 mM) in the freezing extender medium may benefit the preservation of the quality parameters of spermatozoa that are compromised by the freeze/thaw heat shock and the stress during handling for IVF or artificial insemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Sapanidou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophia N Lavrentiadou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michela Errico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal production, Federico II University, Naples, Italia
| | - Ioannis Panagiotidis
- Department of Artificial Insemination, Directorate of Veterinary Centre of Thessaloniki, National Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fletouris
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Dairy Foods, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Efraimidis
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bianca Gasparrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal production, Federico II University, Naples, Italia
| | - Maria Tsantarliotou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Margaritis I, Angelopoulou K, Lavrentiadou S, Mavrovouniotis IC, Tsantarliotou M, Taitzoglou I, Theodoridis A, Veskoukis A, Kerasioti E, Kouretas D, Zervos I. Effect of crocin on antioxidant gene expression, fibrinolytic parameters, redox status and blood biochemistry in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:4. [PMID: 32161725 PMCID: PMC7053078 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is regarded as an epidemiological threat for the twenty-first century. Phytochemicals with known pharmaceutical properties have gained interest in the field of alleviating secondary complications of diseases. Such a substance is crocin, a basic constituent of saffron (Crocus sativus). The present study aimed at examining the beneficial effects of per os crocin administration on the antioxidant status, blood biochemical profile, hepatic gene expression and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1) in the liver, kidney and plasma (an important marker of pre-diabetic status and major factor of thrombosis in diabetes) of healthy rats, as well as of rats with nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Results Diabetes disrupted the oxidation-antioxidation balance, while crocin improved the antioxidant state in the liver by significantly affecting SOD1 gene expression and/or by restoring SOD and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. In the kidney, crocin improved hydrogen peroxide decomposing activity and TAC. In blood, hepatic transaminases ALT and AST decreased significantly, while there was a trend of decrease regarding blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The expression of PAI-1 gene was affected in the liver by the dose of 50 mg kg−1. Conclusions Crocin treatment contributed in restoring some parameters after diabetes induction, primarily by affecting significantly hepatic transaminases ALT and AST, SOD1 and PAI-1 gene expression and nephric H2O2 decomposing activity. In conclusion, crocin did contribute to the alleviation of some complications of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Margaritis
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- 2Laboratory of Biochemistry & Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophia Lavrentiadou
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maria Tsantarliotou
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Theodoridis
- 4Laboratory of Animal Production Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristidis Veskoukis
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouretas
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kouka P, Tekos F, Papoutsaki Z, Stathopoulos P, Halabalaki M, Tsantarliotou M, Zervos I, Nepka C, Liesivuori J, Rakitskii VN, Tsatsakis A, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D. Olive oil with high polyphenolic content induces both beneficial and harmful alterations on rat redox status depending on the tissue. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:421-432. [PMID: 32140426 PMCID: PMC7052070 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) possesses a predominant role in the diet of Mediterranean countries. According to a health claim approved by the European Food Safety Authority, OO protects against oxidative stress‑induced lipid peroxidation in human blood, when it contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives per 20 g. However, studies regarding the effects of a total OO biophenols on redox status in vivo are scarce and either observational and do not provide a holistic picture of their action in tissues. Following a series of in vitro screening tests an OO containing biophenols at 800 mg/kg of OO was administered for 14 days to male Wistar rats at a dose corresponding to 20 g OO/per day to humans. Our results showed that OO reinforced the antioxidant profile of blood, brain, muscle and small intestine, it induced oxidative stress in spleen, pancreas, liver and heart, whereas no distinct effects were observed in lung, colon and kidney. The seemingly negative effects of OO follow the recently formulated idea in toxicology, namely the real life exposure scenario. This study reports that OO, although considered a nutritional source rich in antioxidants, it exerts a tissues specific action when administered in vivo.
Collapse
Key Words
- Biophenols
- Blood
- CARB, protein carbonyls
- CAT, catalase
- GSH, glutathione
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- OLEA, oleacein
- OLEO, oleocanthal
- OO, olive oil
- Olive oil
- Real life exposure scenario
- Redox status
- T, tyrosol
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- Tissues
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kouka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Papoutsaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsantarliotou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Valerii N. Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, 2, Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region 141014, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis S. Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sapanidou V, Taitzoglou I, Tsakmakidis Ι, Kourtzelis I, Fletouris D, Theodoridis A, Zervos I, Tsantarliotou M. Antioxidant effect of crocin on bovine sperm quality and in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1273-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Botsoglou N, Taitzoglou I, Zervos I, Botsoglou E, Tsantarliotou M, Chatzopoulou P. Potential of long-term dietary administration of rosemary in improving the antioxidant status of rat tissues following carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:944-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 12/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Taitzoglou IA, Tsantarliotou M, Zervos I, Kouretas D, Kokolis NA. Inhibition of human and ovine acrosomal enzymes by tannic acid in vitro. Reproduction 2001. [DOI: 10.1530/rep.0.1210131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of tannic acid, a common flavonoid, on the acrosin and plasminogen activator activity and plasmin activity of human and ram spermatozoa was evaluated. Acrosin and plasminogen activator activity were determined by spectrophotometry using the chromogenic substrates N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine para-nitroanilide-HCl (BAPNA) and H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine-p-nitroanilide-2HCl (S-2251), respectively. In extracts from both human and ovine acrosomes, the activities of acrosin and plasminogen activators were susceptible to tannic acid inhibition. The inhibitory effect of tannic acid was observed at concentrations > 50 micromol l(-1) in a dose-dependent manner. In additional experiments, low concentrations of tannic acid significantly inhibited tissue-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasmin activity in a concentration-dependent manner over the range 0.25-200 micromol l(-1). Tannic acid reduced the motility of ram spermatozoa at a concentration of 1000 micromol l(-1) after 2 and 3 h co-incubation with spermatozoa. The motility of human spermatozoa remained unchanged over the range 0.1-1000 micromol tannic acid l(-1) during 3 h co-incubation. These results indicate that tannic acid inhibited the activity of both acrosin and plasminogen activator and indicates a possible mechanism by which flavonoids exert their antifertility effects.
Collapse
|
8
|
Taitzoglou IA, Tsantarliotou M, Zervos I, Kouretas D, Kokolis NA. Inhibition of human and ovine acrosomal enzymes by tannic acid in vitro. Reproduction 2001; 121:131-7. [PMID: 11226036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of tannic acid, a common flavonoid, on the acrosin and plasminogen activator activity and plasmin activity of human and ram spermatozoa was evaluated. Acrosin and plasminogen activator activity were determined by spectrophotometry using the chromogenic substrates N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine para-nitroanilide-HCl (BAPNA) and H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine-p-nitroanilide-2HCl (S-2251), respectively. In extracts from both human and ovine acrosomes, the activities of acrosin and plasminogen activators were susceptible to tannic acid inhibition. The inhibitory effect of tannic acid was observed at concentrations > 50 micromol l(-1) in a dose-dependent manner. In additional experiments, low concentrations of tannic acid significantly inhibited tissue-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasmin activity in a concentration-dependent manner over the range 0.25-200 micromol l(-1). Tannic acid reduced the motility of ram spermatozoa at a concentration of 1000 micromol l(-1) after 2 and 3 h co-incubation with spermatozoa. The motility of human spermatozoa remained unchanged over the range 0.1-1000 micromol tannic acid l(-1) during 3 h co-incubation. These results indicate that tannic acid inhibited the activity of both acrosin and plasminogen activator and indicates a possible mechanism by which flavonoids exert their antifertility effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Taitzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taitzoglou IA, Tsantarliotou MP, Nepka C, Zervos I, Maltezos E, Kouretas D, Kokolis NA. Dietary administration of tannic acid lowers plasminogen activator activity in the liver of C3H hepatoma bearing male mice. In Vivo 2000; 14:767-71. [PMID: 11204497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to investigate if low-dose dietary administration of tannic acid exerts its chemopreventive activity on hepatocarcinogenesis in male C3H mice through changes of plasminogen activator activity (PAA), plasminogen activator inhibition (PAI) or plasmin inhibition (Pl) in the liver of C3H hepatoma bearing male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tannic acid was administered in the drinking water of hepatoma bearing C3H mice, in a concentration of 0.0075% (group B), 0.015% (group C) and 0.03% (group D) for 9 months. PAA, PAI and PI were measured by spectrophotometric methods in macroscopically healthy liver regions. RESULTS Tannic acid induced a decrease of PAA (53%) and an increase of PAIs (50%) in the livers of group D while tannic acid received mice showed a dramatic decrease in liver carcinomas incidence (0% vs 33.3% in the control group). CONCLUSION The decrease of PAA in the liver of C3H hepatoma bearing male mice, might be correlated with the chemopreventive activity of tannic acid in hepatoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Taitzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Petridou E, Zervos I, Christopoulos G, Revinthi K, Papoutsakis G, Trichopoulos D. Biosocial variables and auditory acuity as risk factors for non-fatal childhood injuries in Greece. Inj Prev 1995; 1:92-6. [PMID: 9346003 PMCID: PMC1067559 DOI: 10.1136/ip.1.2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether biosocial variables and auditory acuity are risk factors for injuries among children. SETTING Children with injuries who presented at the emergency clinics of one of the two university hospitals for children in Athens, Greece between December 1993 and April 1994. METHODS 144 children aged 5-14 years, residents of Athens, were brought to the emergency clinics for a moderate to severe injury. For each of these children one hospital control, matched for age and sex, and one classmate control similarly matched were identified. A standard interview form was completed for all 432 children and acouometric and tympanometric examinations were performed in each of them. Analysis was done through conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The likelihood of an accident was higher in children of younger fathers (odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, p = 0.04), children of mothers with non-professional jobs (OR = 1.9, p = 0.03) as well as in children of higher birth order (OR = 1.7, p = 0.01), in those with predominantly other than parental daily supervision (OR = 2.6, p = 0.001), and those with a history of previous accident (OR = 1.3, p = 0.002). Somatometric factors, school performance, use of corrective eyeglasses and subnormal auditory acuity were not found to be risk factors, but auditory imbalance and abnormal tympanograms were positively related to the risk of childhood injury (OR = 2.6, p = 0.02; and OR = 2.3, p = 0.08 respectively). CONCLUSIONS the findings of this study underline the importance of attentive supervision and safety training of children living in modern cities; they also suggest that children with auditory imbalance and history of an accident are at higher injury risk and they should be targeted with specific intervention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Petridou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens University Medical School, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
A combination of neuroanatomic techniques was used to examine the origin and neuropeptide content of nerve fibers in the airway epithelium of adult cats. By the use of immunocytochemical methods, the peptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were colocalized in airway epithelial nerve fibers. Two days after wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was injected into the nodose ganglion, fibers containing WGA immunoreactivity (IR) were detected in the airway epithelium. SP-like immunoreactivity (LI) and CGRP-LI were demonstrated separately in the WGA-IR fibers, establishing their origin from nerve cell bodies of nodose ganglion. Vagal transection inferior to the nodose ganglion reduced the number of SP- and CGRP-IR fibers by greater than 90% in ipsilateral airways. In contralateral airways, SP-IR fibers were substantially reduced, whereas the effect on CGRP-IR fibers was not statistically significant. Vagotomy superior to the nodose ganglion did not alter the density of peptide-IR fibers. The results prove that SP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers of cat airway epithelium originate from nerve cell bodies in the nodose ganglion and that SP- and CGRP-like peptides may be stored together in some nerve fibers of the airway epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Dey
- Department of Anatomy, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown 26506
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|