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Krishnamohan M, Kaplanov I, Maudi-Boker S, Yousef M, Machluf-Katz N, Cohen I, Elkabets M, Titus J, Bersudsky M, Apte RN, Voronov E, Braiman A. Tumor Cell-Associated IL-1α Affects Breast Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Mice through Manipulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3950. [PMID: 38612760 PMCID: PMC11011794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-1α is a dual function cytokine that affects inflammatory and immune responses and plays a pivotal role in cancer. The effects of intracellular IL-1α on the development of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in mice were assessed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to suppress IL-1α expression in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Knockout of IL-1α in 4T1 cells modified expression of multiple genes, including downregulation of cytokines and chemokines involved in the recruitment of tumor-associated pro-inflammatory cells. Orthotopical injection of IL-1α knockout (KO) 4T1 cells into BALB/c mice led to a significant decrease in local tumor growth and lung metastases, compared to injection of wild-type 4T1 (4T1/WT) cells. Neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were abundant in tumors developing after injection of 4T1/WT cells, whereas more antigen-presenting cells were observed in the tumor microenvironment after injection of IL-1α KO 4T1 cells. This switch correlated with increased infiltration of CD3+CD8+ and NKp46+cells. Engraftment of IL-1α knockout 4T1 cells into immunodeficient NOD.SCID mice resulted in more rapid tumor growth, with increased lung metastasis in comparison to engraftment of 4T1/WT cells. Our results suggest that tumor-associated IL-1α is involved in TNBC progression in mice by modulating the interplay between immunosuppressive pro-inflammatory cells vs. antigen-presenting and cytotoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathumathi Krishnamohan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Irena Kaplanov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Sapir Maudi-Boker
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Yousef
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Noy Machluf-Katz
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Idan Cohen
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, Afula 18101, Israel;
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Jaison Titus
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bersudsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (M.K.); (M.E.); (J.T.); (M.B.)
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Shemesh A, Kundu K, Peleg R, Yossef R, Kaplanov I, Ghosh S, Khrapunsky Y, Gershoni-Yahalom O, Rabinski T, Cerwenka A, Atlas R, Porgador A. NKp44-Derived Peptide Binds Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Mediates Tumor Cell Death. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1114. [PMID: 29875773 PMCID: PMC5974751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is considered as a hub protein and is a key regulator of DNA replication, repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. PCNA is overexpressed in many cancer types, and PCNA overexpression is correlated with cancer virulence. Membrane-associated PCNA is a ligand for the NKp44 (NCR2) innate immune receptor. The purpose of this study was to characterize the PCNA-binding site within NKp44. We have identified NKp44-derived linear peptide (pep8), which can specifically interact with PCNA and partly block the NKp44–PCNA interaction. We then tested whether NKp44-derived pep8 (NKp44-pep8) fused to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be employed for targeting the intracellular PCNA for the purpose of anticancer therapy. Treatment of tumor cells with NKp44-pep8, fused to R11-NLS cell-penetrating peptide (R11-NLS-pep8), reduced cell viability and promoted cell death, in various murine and human cancer cell lines. Administration of R11-NLS-pep8 to tumor-bearing mice suppressed tumor growth in the 4T1 breast cancer and the B16 melanoma in vivo models. We therefore identified the NKp44 binding site to PCNA and further developed an NKp44-peptide-based agent that can inhibit tumor growth through interfering with the function of intracellular PCNA in the tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Shemesh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Kiran Kundu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Refael Peleg
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irena Kaplanov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Susmita Ghosh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yana Khrapunsky
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Orly Gershoni-Yahalom
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tatiana Rabinski
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Innate Immunity Group, German Cancer Research Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roee Atlas
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Voloshin T, Alishekevitz D, Kaneti L, Miller V, Isakov E, Kaplanov I, Voronov E, Fremder E, Benhar M, Machluf M, Apte RN, Shaked Y. Blocking IL1β Pathway Following Paclitaxel Chemotherapy Slightly Inhibits Primary Tumor Growth but Promotes Spontaneous Metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1385-94. [PMID: 25887886 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to therapy is a major obstacle in clinical oncology, and little is known about the contributing mechanisms of the host response to therapy. Here, we show that the proinflammatory cytokine IL1β is overexpressed in response to paclitaxel chemotherapy in macrophages, subsequently promoting the invasive properties of malignant cells. In accordance, blocking IL1β, or its receptor, using either genetic or pharmacologic approach, results in slight retardation of primary tumor growth; however, it accelerates metastasis spread. Tumors from mice treated with combined therapy of paclitaxel and the IL1 receptor antagonist anakinra exhibit increased number of M2 macrophages and vessel leakiness when compared with paclitaxel monotherapy-treated mice, indicating a prometastatic role of M2 macrophages in the IL1β-deprived microenvironment. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the dual effects of blocking the IL1 pathway on tumor growth. Accordingly, treatments using "add-on" drugs to conventional therapy should be investigated in appropriate tumor models consisting of primary tumors and their metastases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-1beta/blood
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Voloshin
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Alishekevitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Limor Kaneti
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valeria Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elina Isakov
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irena Kaplanov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunonology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunonology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ella Fremder
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ron N Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunonology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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Bersudsky M, Luski L, Fishman D, White RM, Ziv-Sokolovskaya N, Dotan S, Rider P, Kaplanov I, Aychek T, Dinarello CA, Apte RN, Voronov E. Non-redundant properties of IL-1α and IL-1β during acute colon inflammation in mice. Gut 2014; 63:598-609. [PMID: 23793223 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The differential role of the IL-1 agonists, IL-1α, which is mainly cell-associated versus IL-1β, which is mostly secreted, was studied in colon inflammation. DESIGN Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis was induced in mice globally deficient in either IL-1α or IL-1β, and in wild-type mice, or in mice with conditional deletion of IL-1α in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Bone marrow transplantation experiments were performed to assess the role of IL-1α or IL-1β of myeloid versus colon non-hematopoietic cells in inflammation and repair in acute colitis. RESULTS IL-1α released from damaged IECs acts as an alarmin by initiating and propagating colon inflammation, as IL-1α deficient mice exhibited mild disease symptoms with improved recovery. IL-1β is involved in repair of IECs and reconstitution of the epithelial barrier during the resolution of colitis; its deficiency correlates with disease exacerbation. Neutralisation of IL-1α in control mice during acute colitis led to alleviation of clinical and histological manifestations, whereas treatment with rIL-1Ra or anti-IL-1β antibodies was not effective. Repair after colitis correlated with accumulation of CD8 and regulatory T cells in damaged crypts. CONCLUSIONS The role of IL-1α and IL-1β differs in DSS-induced colitis in that IL-1α, mainly of colon epithelial cells is inflammatory, whereas IL-1β, mainly of myeloid cell origin, promotes healing and repair. Given the dissimilar functions of each IL-1 agonistic molecule, an IL-1 receptor blockade would not be as therapeutically effective as specific neutralising of IL-1α, which leaves IL-1β function intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bersudsky
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, , Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Voronov E, Dotan S, Krelin Y, Song X, Elkabets M, Carmi Y, Rider P, Idan Cohen, Romzova M, Kaplanov I, Apte RN. Unique Versus Redundant Functions of IL-1α and IL-1β in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2013; 4:177. [PMID: 23847618 PMCID: PMC3703603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a major “alarm” upstream pro-inflammatory cytokine that also affects immunity and hematopoiesis by inducing cytokine cascades. In the tumor arena, IL-1 is produced by malignant or microenvironmental cells. As a pleiotropic cytokine, IL-1 is involved in tumorigenesis and tumor invasiveness but also in the control of anti-tumor immunity. IL-1α and IL-1β are the major agonists of IL-1, while IL-1Ra is a physiological inhibitor of pre-formed IL-1. In their secreted form, IL-1α and IL-1β bind to the same receptors and induce the same biological functions, but IL-1α and IL-1β differ in their compartmentalization within the producing cell or the microenvironment. IL-1β is only active in its processed, secreted form, and mediates inflammation, which promotes carcinogenesis, tumor invasiveness, and immunosuppression, whereas IL-1α is mainly cell-associated and in the tumor context, when expressed on the cell membrane, it stimulates anti-tumor cell immunity manifested by tumor regression. In the tumor milieu, extracellular levels of IL-1α are usually low and do not stimulate broad inflammation that promotes progression. Immunosuppression induced by IL-1β in the tumor microenvironment, mainly through MDSC induction, usually inhibits or masks anti-tumor cell immunity induced by cell-associated IL-1α. However, in different tumor systems, redundant or unique patterns of IL-1α and IL-1β expression and function have been observed. Recent breakthroughs in inflammasome biology and IL-1β processing/secretion have spurred the development of novel anti-IL-1 agents, which are being used in clinical trials in patients with diverse inflammatory diseases. Better understanding of the integrative role of IL-1α and IL-1β in distinct malignancies will facilitate the application of novel IL-1 modulation approaches at the bedside, in cancer patients with minimal residual disease (MRD), as an adjunct to conventional approaches to reduce the tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
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Carmi Y, Dotan S, Rider P, Kaplanov I, White MR, Baron R, Abutbul S, Huszar M, Dinarello CA, Apte RN, Voronov E. The role of IL-1β in the early tumor cell-induced angiogenic response. J Immunol 2013; 190:3500-9. [PMID: 23475218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the involvement of IL-1β in early angiogenic responses induced by malignant cells using Matrigel plugs supplemented with B16 melanoma cells. We found that during the angiogenic response, IL-1β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) interact in a newly described autoinduction circuit, in which each of these cytokines induces the other. The IL-1β and VEGF circuit acts through interactions between bone marrow-derived VEGF receptor 1(+)/IL-1R1(+) immature myeloid cells and tissue endothelial cells. Myeloid cells produce IL-1β and additional proinflammatory cytokines, which subsequently activate endothelial cells to produce VEGF and other proangiogenic factors and provide the inflammatory microenvironment for angiogenesis and tumor progression. These mechanisms were also observed in a nontumor early angiogenic response elicited in Matrigel plugs by either rIL-1β or recombinant VEGF. We have shown that IL-1β inhibition stably reduces tumor growth by limiting inflammation and inducing the maturation of immature myeloid cells into M1 macrophages. In sharp contrast, only transient inhibition of tumor growth was observed after VEGF neutralization, followed by tumor recurrence mediated by rebound angiogenesis. This occurs via the reprogramming of VEGF receptor 1(+)/IL-1R1(+) cells to express hypoxia inducible factor-1α, VEGF, and other angiogenic factors, thereby directly supporting proliferation of endothelial cells and blood vessel formation in a paracrine manner. We suggest using IL-1β inhibition as an effective antitumor therapy and are currently optimizing the conditions for its application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Carmi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Rider P, Kaplanov I, Romzova M, Bernardis L, Braiman A, Voronov E, Apte RN. The transcription of the alarmin cytokine interleukin-1 alpha is controlled by hypoxia inducible factors 1 and 2 alpha in hypoxic cells. Front Immunol 2012; 3:290. [PMID: 23049530 PMCID: PMC3442192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia, cells undergo transcriptional changes to adjust to metabolic stress, to promote cell survival, and to induce pro-angiogenic factors. Hypoxia-induced factors (HIFs) regulate these transcriptional alterations. Failure to restore oxygen levels results in cell death by necrosis. IL-1α is one of the most important mediators of sterile inflammation following hypoxia-mediated necrosis. During hypoxia, IL-1α is up-regulated and released from necrotic cells, promoting the initiation of sterile inflammation. This study examined the role of IL-1α transcription in initiation of hypoxic stress and the correlation between IL-1α transcription and HIFα factors. In an epithelial cell line cultured under hypoxic conditions, IL-1α transcription was up-regulated in a process mediated and promoted by HIFα factors. IL-1α transcription was also up-regulated in hypoxia in a fibroblast cell line, however, in these cells, HIFα factors inhibited the elevation of transcription. These data suggest that HIFα factors play a significant role in initiating sterile inflammation by controlling IL-1α transcription during hypoxia in a differential manner, depending on the cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peleg Rider
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
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