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Miretti S, Manenti I, Toschi P, Macchi E, Martignani E, Accornero P, Baratta M. Bovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells: Isolation, Growth, and Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2749:165-174. [PMID: 38133783 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3609-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle in cattle occupies a large part of the animal's body mass and develops into an important source of nutrients for human nutrition. Recently, the attention on bovine myogenic cells is increased to develop strategies of cultured in vitro meat as an alternative food source, more sustainable, ethical, and healthy than traditional meat production. At present, investigating the proliferation and differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle myogenic cells in vitro maintains its importance in the study of the mechanisms underlying the physiological and pathological events affecting the skeletal muscle, but it is of particular interest in animal husbandry and the food industry fields.In cell-based biological research, cell lines are one of the favored experimental tools because a population of cells could proliferate indefinitely in vitro under different stimuli, but they are limited to addressing the relevant biological properties of a cell population. On the other hand, primary cells from normal animal tissues undergo a limited number of divisions in vitro before they enter senescence but preserve their original characteristics and functions, and researchers can acquire the opportunity to study the individual donors and not just cells.In this chapter, we provide a basic protocol to isolate satellite cells from the skeletal muscle of cattle to obtain a good number of myogenic cells that can grow in in vitro conditions and undergo multiple rounds of cell division (myoblasts) before entering differentiation (myotubes). Furthermore, the robust expansion of these cells leads to the possibility to investigate physiological events or disorders related to the skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Isabella Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Toschi P, Viola I, Manenti I, Miretti S, Macchi E, Martignani E, Accornero P, Baratta M. Ovine Trophoblast Cells: Cell Isolation and Culturing from the Placenta at the Early Stage of Pregnancy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2749:123-133. [PMID: 38133780 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3609-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Embryo development is dependent upon the exchange of oxygen and nutrients through the placenta, mainly composed of peculiar epithelioid cells, known as trophoblast cells. Normal trophoblast functionality plays a key role during the whole pregnancy, especially in the first stage of placentation. This chapter explains the techniques to obtain sheep primary trophoblast cells from the early placenta. Overall, procedures for cell isolation, culture, characterization, and cryopreservation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Irene Viola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Manenti I, Viola I, Ala U, Cornale P, Macchi E, Toschi P, Martignani E, Baratta M, Miretti S. Adaptation Response in Sheep: Ewes in Different Cortisol Clusters Reveal Changes in the Expression of Salivary miRNAs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3273. [PMID: 37893997 PMCID: PMC10603754 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Farm procedures have an impact on animal welfare by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that induces a wide array of physiological responses. This adaptive system guarantees that the animal copes with environmental variations and it induces metabolic and molecular changes that can be quantified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of homeostasis and emerging evidence has identified circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers of stress-related disorders in animals. Based on a clustering analysis of salivary cortisol trends and levels, 20 ewes were classified into two different clusters. The introduction of a ram in the flock was identified as a common farm practice and reference time point to collect saliva samples. Sixteen miRNAs related to the adaptation response were selected. Among them, miR-16b, miR-21, miR-24, miR-26a, miR-27a, miR-99a, and miR-223 were amplified in saliva samples. Cluster 1 was characterized by a lower expression of miR-16b and miR-21 compared with Cluster 2 (p < 0.05). This study identified for the first time several miRNAs expressed in sheep saliva, pointing out significant differences in the expression patterns between the cortisol clusters. In addition, the trend analyses of these miRNAs resulted in clusters (p = 0.017), suggesting the possible cooperation of miR-16b and -21 in the integrated stress responses, as already demonstrated in other species as well. Other research to define the role of these miRNAs is needed, but the evaluation of the salivary miRNAs could support the selection of ewes for different profiles of response to sources of stressors common in the farm scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Irene Viola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Animal Production Unit, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Macchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Paola Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugenio Martignani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.M.); (I.V.); (U.A.); (E.M.); (P.T.); (E.M.)
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Viola I, Toschi P, Manenti I, Accornero P, Baratta M. Modulatory role of mTOR in trophoblast adaptive response in the early stage of placentation in sheep. Reproduction 2023; 165:313-324. [PMID: 36602917 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In brief Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) is essential for early placenta development in sheep. This study shows that the mechanistic target of rapamycin is the key modulator of trophoblast adaptive response under FGF2 modulation. Abstract During the early stage of placentation in sheep, normal conceptus development is affected by trophoblast cell functionality, whose dysregulation results in early pregnancy loss. Trophoblast metabolism is supported mainly by histotrophic factors, including fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which are involved in cell differentiation and function through the modulation of specific cellular mechanisms. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is known as a cellular 'nutrient sensor', but its downstream regulation remains poorly understood. The hypothesis was that during trophoblast development, the FGF2 effect is mediated by mTOR signalling pathway modulation. Primary trophoblast cells from 21-day-old sheep placenta were characterised and subjected to FGF2 and rapamycin treatment to study the effects on cell functionality and gene and protein expression profiles. The model showed mainly mononuclear cells with epithelial cell-like growth and placental morphological properties, expressing typical trophoblast markers. FGF2 promoted cell proliferation and migration under normal culture conditions, whereas mTOR inhibition reversed this effect. When the mTOR signalling pathway was activated, FGF2 failed to influence invasion activity. mTOR inhibition significantly reduced cell motility, but FGF2 supplementation restored motility even when mTOR was inhibited. Interestingly, mTOR inhibition influenced endocrine trophoblast marker regulation. Although FGF2 supplementation did not affect ovine placenta lactogen expression, as observed in the control, interferon-tau was drastically reduced. This study provides new insights into the mechanism underlying mTOR inhibitory effects on trophoblast cell functionality. In addition, as mTOR is involved in the expression of hormonal trophoblast markers, it may play a crucial role in early placenta growth and fetal-maternal crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Viola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - P Toschi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - I Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - P Accornero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - M Baratta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11a, Parma, Italy
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Ogun S, Viola I, Obertino M, Manenti I, Ala U, Brugiapaglia A, Battaglini L, Perona G, Baratta M. Using sensors to detect individual responses of lambs during transport and pre-slaughter handling and their relationship with meat quality. Anim Welf 2022. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.4.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rapid analysis of animal welfare is a crucial component of the assessment of the meat quality supply chain, ensuring management procedures confer optimum standards of welfare. Further, there is increasing interest in monitoring the welfare state of each individual animal. This study
looked at transport and pre-slaughter management in terms of meat quality evaluated in two breeds (Biellese and Sambucana) across two different farming systems. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies were implemented, including accelerometer and rumination activity ear-tag sensors,
as potential welfare indicators during transportation and pre-slaughter. Significant correlations were found between sensors' parameters, such as total activity and rumination and physical and chemical meat quality characteristics such as drip loss. Lambs with lower rumination and/or lower
total activity were found to have lower drip loss indicating reduced meat quality. Sensors have the potential to help detect those animals particularly sensitive to stressors during transport and pre-slaughter handling and may allow real-time measurement of the impact of transport and handling
in abattoirs, enabling better animal management via specific customised strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ogun
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - I Viola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - M Obertino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - I Manenti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - U Ala
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | - L Battaglini
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - G Perona
- ;Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - M Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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