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de Ocenda VR, Almeida-Prieto S, Luzardo-Álvarez A, Barja JL, Otero-Espinar FJ, Blanco-Méndez J. Pharmacokinetic model of florfenicol in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): establishment of optimal dosage and administration in medicated feed. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:411-424. [PMID: 27502011 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was studied after single intravenous (10 mg kg-1 ) and oral (100 mg kg-1 ) administration. The plasma concentration-time data of florfenicol were described by an open one-compartment model. The elimination half-life (t1/2 ) was estimated to be 21.0 h, and the total body clearance, Cl, was determined as 0.028 L kg h-1 . The apparent volume distribution (Vd ) was calculated to be 0.86 L kg-1 and the mean residence time (MRTiv ) was 30.2 h. Following oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of 55.4 μg mL-1 was reached at 12 h (Tmax ). The absorption constant (ka ) was 0.158 h-1 . The bioavailability was estimated to be 57.1%. The low bioavailability observed at higher doses was explained by the saturation of the mechanisms of absorption. The drug absorption process was limited by its inherent low solubility, which limited the amount of available FF absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, an optimal dosing schedule for FF administration is hereby provided. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration found for susceptible strains of Aeromonas salmonicida, oral FF administration of first, an initial dose of 30 mg FF kg-1 , followed by 6 maintenance doses at 18 mg kg-1 /daily could be effective against furunculosis in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- V-R de Ocenda
- Centro Tecnológico Gallego de Acuicultura (CETGA), CP: 15960, Riveira (A Coruña), Spain
| | - S Almeida-Prieto
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Luzardo-Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F J Otero-Espinar
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Blanco-Méndez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Noia M, Domínguez B, Leiro J, Blanco-Méndez J, Luzardo-Álvarez A, Lamas J. Inflammatory responses and side effects generated by several adjuvant-containing vaccines in turbot. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 38:244-254. [PMID: 24657321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several of the adjuvants used in fish vaccines cause adhesions in internal organs when they are injected intraperitoneally. We describe the damage caused by vaccines containing different adjuvants in the turbot Scophthalmus maximus and show that internal adhesions can be greatly reduced by injecting the fish in a specific way. Injection of fish with the needle directed towards the anterior part of the peritoneal cavity induced formation of a single cell-vaccine mass (CVM) that became attached to the parietal peritoneum. However, injection of the fish with the needle pointing in the opposite direction generated many small CVM that became attached to the visceral and parietal peritoneum and in some cases caused internal adhesions. We describe the structural and cellular changes in the adjuvant-induced CVMs. The CVMs mainly comprised neutrophils and macrophages, although most of the former underwent apoptosis, which was particularly evident from day 3 post-injection. The apoptotic cells were phagocytosed by macrophages, which were the dominant cell type from the first days onwards. All of the vaccines induced angiogenesis in the area of contact between the CVM and the mesothelium. Vaccines containing oil-based adjuvants or microspheres induced the formation of granulomas in the CVM; however, no granulomas were observed in the CVM induced by vaccines containing aluminium hydroxide or Matrix-Q(®) as adjuvants. All of the vaccines induced strong migration of cells to the peritoneal cavity. Although some of these cells remained unattached in the peritoneal cavity, most of them formed part of the CVM. We also observed migration of the cells from the peritoneal cavity to lymphoid organs, indicating bidirectional traffic of cells between the inflamed areas and these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Noia
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B Domínguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Leiro
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Blanco-Méndez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - A Luzardo-Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J Lamas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Ecología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Fraga F, Blanco-Méndez J, Luzardo-Alvarez A, Núñez ER, Pérez S. Mechanism and Activation Energies in Different Blends of Poly-( -caprolactone) with Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1166/mat.2014.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sousa FFO, Luzardo-Álvarez A, Blanco-Méndez J, Otero-Espinar FJ, Martín-Pastor M, Sández Macho I. Use of 1H NMR STD, waterLOGSY, and Langmuir monolayer techniques for characterization of drug-zein protein complexes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:790-8. [PMID: 23891773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zein is a protein based natural biopolymer containing a large amount of nonpolar amino acids, which has shown the ability to form aggregates and entrap solutes, such as drugs and amino acids to form stable protein-drug complexes. In this work, π-A isotherm, NMR, and Dynamic light scattering were used to detect the formation of protein aggregates and the affinity between zein and two different drugs: tetracycline and indomethacin. An effective interaction of zein and the two drugs was evidenced by means of liquid NMR reinforced by means of changes in the surface pressure by π-A isotherm. The effective interactions zein/drugs under air/water interface were evidenced as a change in the surface pressure of the π-A isotherm of zein in the presence of drug solutions. The presence of tetracycline in the subphase decreased the area occupied by the monolayer at the expanded region until pressures of 12 mN/m were the areas became similar, but indomethacin produces an increment of the area in both expanded and collapsed region. The feasible methodology employed, focused in the functionality of the protein-drug interaction, can be very promising in the drug delivery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F O Sousa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Biological and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University Federal of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil.
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León-Rodríguez L, Luzardo-Álvarez A, Blanco-Méndez J, Lamas J, Leiro J. Biodegradable microparticles covalently linked to surface antigens of the scuticociliate parasite P. dicentrarchi promote innate immune responses in vitro. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 34:236-43. [PMID: 23142727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The histiophagous scuticociliate endoparasite Philasterides dicentrarchi is an emerging pathogen that infects the turbot Scophthalmus maximus and thus causes important economic losses in turbot aquaculture. This in vitro study investigated the adjuvant capacity of biodegradable microspheres (MS) composed of two polymers (chitosan and Gantrez(®)) covalently coupled to surface antigens (Ag) of P. dicentrarchi. The coupled MS-Ag significantly stimulated the phagocytic response of both murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) and leukocytes from the anterior kidney of turbot (HLK), at a level similar to that induced by zymosan A. The MS-Ag also significantly increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as shown by the increased O(2) consumption and stimulation of the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production by murine and in particular by turbot HLK. The MS-Ag stimulated the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) by murine and turbot HLK. The results confirm the high adjuvant capacity of biodegradable MS covalently bound to Ag as regards stimulating the innate immune response, and they justify the use of MS in the production of safe and effective vaccines against fish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L León-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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León-Rodríguez L, Luzardo-Álvarez A, Blanco-Méndez J, Lamas J, Leiro J. A vaccine based on biodegradable microspheres induces protective immunity against scuticociliatosis without producing side effects in turbot. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2012; 33:21-27. [PMID: 22513203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The histiophagous scuticociliate parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi is an emergent pathogen in aquaculture and causes significant economic losses on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) farms. In this study, the surface antigens (Ag) of the parasite were encapsulated and covalently linked to a polymeric microparticle formulation composed of two biodegradable polymers (chitosan and Gantrez). The antigenicity of the formulation and the protection provided were compared in mice and turbot. This formulation induced a higher antibody (Ab) response in mice at doses of 5mg of microspheres (MS) conjugated with approximately 230 μg of Ag (MS-Ag(c)). However, Ab levels were significantly lower than in mice vaccinated with the same concentration of Ag in complete Freund's adjuvant (FCA). In turbot, the MS-Ag(c) formulation induced a higher level of Abs than that induced by the same vaccine emulsified in FCA. The challenge experiments performed with P. dicentrarchi and vaccinated turbot also showed a clear correlation between Ab levels and survival levels. Growth was significantly affected in fish vaccinated with FCA, but not in fish vaccinated with MS. The high adjuvant capacity of MS, together with its biodegradability and low toxicity to fish, makes this new vaccine an economical, effective and safe alternative to oil-based adjuvants for the immunoprophylaxis of scuticociliatosis in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- L León-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Luzardo-Álvarez A, Blanco-Méndez J, Varela-Patiño P, Martín Biedma B. Amoxicillin-Loaded Sponges Made of Collagen and Poly[(methyl vinyl ether)-co-(maleic anhydride)] for Root Canal Treatment: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Cell Compatibility. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 22:329-42. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x486937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Luzardo-Álvarez
- a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - J. Blanco-Méndez
- b Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - P. Varela-Patiño
- c Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - B. Martín Biedma
- d Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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Otero-Espinar FJ, Luzardo-Alvarez A, Blanco-Méndez J. Cyclodextrins: more than pharmaceutical excipients. Mini Rev Med Chem 2010; 10:715-25. [PMID: 20482501 DOI: 10.2174/138955710791572479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are pharmaceutical excipients used to enhance the solubility, stability, safety and bioavailability of drugs. Recent findings have shown them to display adjuvant activity in vaccine therapy and prophylactic and therapeutic activity in the treatment of several host-pathogen infections. This article focuses on their activity and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Otero-Espinar
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario sur s/n. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Sousa FFO, Luzardo-Alvarez A, Pérez-Estévéz A, Seoane-Prado R, Blanco-Méndez J. Development of a novel AMX-loaded PLGA/zein microsphere for root canal disinfection. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:055008. [PMID: 20844319 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/5/055008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop polymeric biodegradable microspheres (MSs) of poly(D-L lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and zein capable of delivering amoxicillin (AMX) at significant levels for root canal disinfection. PLGA/zein MSs were prepared using a spray-drying technique. The systems were characterized in terms of particle size, morphology, drug loading and in vitro release. Drug levels were reached to be effective during the intracanal dressing in between visits during the endodontic treatment. In vitro release studies were carried out to understand the release profile of the MSs. Antimicrobial activity of AMX was performed by antibiograms. Enterococcus faecalis was the bacteria selected due to its prevalence in endodontic failure. Drug microencapsulation yielded MSs with spherical morphology and an average particle size of between 5 and 38 µm. Different drug-release patterns were obtained among the formulations. Release features related to the MSs were strongly dependent on drug nature as it was demonstrated by using a hydrophobic drug (indomethacin). Finally, AMX-loaded MSs were efficient against E faecalis as demonstrated by the antibiogram results. In conclusion, PLGA/zein MSs prepared by spray drying may be a useful drug delivery system for root canal disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F O Sousa
- The Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Cx. Postal 365, Brasília DF 70359-970, Brazil.
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Otero-Espinar F, Luzardo-Alvarez A, Blanco-Méndez J. Non-MCC materials as extrusion-spheronization aids in pellets production. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Luzardo-Alvarez A, Otero-Espinar F, Blanco-Méndez J. Microencapsulation of diets and vaccines for cultured fishes, crustaceans and bivalve mollusks. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Luzardo-Alvarez A, Almeida-Prieto S, Fraga-López F, Otero-Espinar F, Rodriguez-Núñez E, Martinez-Ageitos J, Blanco-Méndez J. Effect of formulation variables on the prediction of release from microparticles with experimental design. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Paramá A, Luzardo A, Blanco-Méndez J, Sanmartín ML, Leiro J. In vitro efficacy of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan microspheres against the fish-pathogenic ciliate Philasterides dicentrarchi. Dis Aquat Organ 2005; 64:151-8. [PMID: 15918478 DOI: 10.3354/dao064151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Philasterides dicentrarchi is a protozoan ciliate which causes significant economic losses in fish aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of chitosan microspheres cross linked with glutaraldehyde and containing beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) on the survival of this parasite in 7 d cultures. When used alone in assays, neither chitosan nor betaCD showed any activity, whereas free glutaraldehyde was strongly toxic to the parasite. Microspheres were likewise strongly toxic, at total glutaraldehyde concentrations much lower than with free glutaraldehyde: near-100% ciliate death was obtained (1) with 50 microg ml(-1) of microspheres prepared with 5% glutaraldehyde and no betaCD, or (2) with 10 microg ml(-1) of microspheres prepared with 0.15% glutaraldehyde and 0.1% betaCD. This suggests that the main active component is glutaraldehyde, but that the presence of small amounts of betaCD enhances efficacy. This high efficacy, together with the low toxicity to fish and rapid biodegradability of the individual components, suggest that these microspheres may be an attractive alternative to the formaldehyde baths traditionally used for the control of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paramá
- Laboratorio de Parasitologia, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Luzardo-Alvarez A, Delgado-Charro MB, Blanco-Méndez J. Iontophoretic delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride: effect of current density and vehicle formulation. Pharm Res 2001; 18:1714-20. [PMID: 11785691 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013322613436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this work were 1) to establish the feasibility of the transdermal iontophoretic delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride; 2) to investigate the possibility of delivering therapeutic doses of this drug; and 3) to determine the key factors that control ropinirole electrotransport. METHODS A series of in vitro transdermal iontophoretic experiments were instituted to study the effects of drug concentration, co-ion concentration, intensity of current, and application time on ropinirole flux. The convective contribution to ropinirole electrotransport was evaluated by following the transport of the electroosmotic marker mannitol. RESULTS Ropinirole flux decreased dramatically in the presence of competing ions. This effect was observed even when the molar fraction of the two competing cations was kept constant. Anodal flux of mannitol decreased with drug concentration, indicating a possible alteration of the skin permselectivity. In the absence of competing co-ions, ropinirole transport number reached a maximum value (8-13%). In these conditions, the main factor controlling drug delivery was the intensity of current applied. CONCLUSIONS Transdermal iontophoresis allowed the delivery of therapeutic doses of ropinirole. The dose administered and the input rate were controlled by the judicious choice of the key delivery factors here described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luzardo-Alvarez
- Department of Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Alvarez-Figueroa MJ, Blanco-Méndez J. Transdermal delivery of methotrexate: iontophoretic delivery from hydrogels and passive delivery from microemulsions. Int J Pharm 2001; 215:57-65. [PMID: 11250092 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro assays were performed to investigate the effectiveness of transdermal administration of methotrexate (MTX) by iontophoretic delivery from two types of hydrogel and passive delivery from two types of microemulsion. Both iontophoretic delivery of MTX from hydrogels and passive delivery from microemulsions were more effective than passive delivery from aqueous solutions of the drug. In the iontophoretic delivery assays, the type of hydrogel used and the concentration of the drug in the loading solution had little influence on effectiveness of delivery. In the passive delivery assays, we used both water/oil (w/o) and oil/water (o/w) microemulsions: effectiveness of delivery was higher from o/w systems. At the end of all assays, significant amounts of MTX were detected in the skin. These results suggest that both hydrogels and microemulsions may be of value for the topical administration of MTX in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez-Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela,. 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Abstract
The in vitro iontophoretic transdermal delivery of methotrexate (MTX) across pig skin was investigated. Cathodal iontophoresis considerably increased MTX skin permeation and accumulation as compared to the passive controls. The effect of NaCl and MTX concentrations in the vehicle were also studied. As expected, MTX iontophoretic transport decreased with NaCl content. On the other hand, MTX concentration did not modify its electrotransport in the range of concentrations considered (4.4-6.6 mM). The influence of the current density (0.25-0.5 mA/cm2) was also investigated. The iontophoretic transport of MTX tends to increase with current density although this effect was not always statistically significant. Finally, the possibility of using anodal iontophoresis from an acid (pH 4.0-5.0) donor solution to deliver MTX was explored. This was limited due to the low solubility of MTX in acid pH. On the whole, this work that iontophoresis may be used to improve the topical application of MTX for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez-Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Abstract
8-Methoxsalen (8-MOP) and related furocumarins have been extensively used for the treatment of hyperproliferative skin diseases in association with long-wavelength UVA light. In order to develop alternative formulations for the topical administration of 8-MOP, microemulsions were evaluated as delivery vehicles. Six microemulsion formulations were prepared using water, isopropyl myristate (IPM) and Tween((R)) 80: Span((R)) 80: 1,2-Octanediol (3:1:1.2 w/w). The microemulsions were characterized using conductimetric and dynamic light scattering analyses. The ability of the systems to deliver 8-MOP into and through the skin was evaluated in vitro using newborn pig-skin. The in vitro permeation data showed that the novel microemulsions increased the 8-MOP total penetration through the skin by order of 1.9-4.5, as compared with IPM. In general, the accumulation of 8-MOP into the skin was increased by a factor of 1.5-4.5 by the microemulsion systems with respect to their total amount of drug delivered across the skin. These results suggest that the studied microemulsion systems may be appropriate vehicles for the topical delivery of 8-MOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baroli
- Department of Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Villar-López ME, Nieto-Reyes L, Anguiano-Igea S, Otero-Espinar FJ, Blanco-Méndez J. Formulation of triamcinolone acetonide pellets suitable for coating and colon targeting. Int J Pharm 1999; 179:229-35. [PMID: 10053215 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spherical pellets containing 5% of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) were formed by extrusion/spheronization following formulation with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and/or a hydrophilic excipient (lactose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose or beta-cyclodextrin, beta-CD). Their suitability for coating, with a view to colonic drug delivery, was assessed in terms of their size, sphericity and dissolution test response. Best results were afforded by 5:90:5 MCC-beta-CD-TA pellets obtained by complexation of TA with beta-CD prior to addition of MCC, extrusion and spheronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Villar-López
- Departamento Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Luzardo-Alvarez A, Rodríguez-Fernández M, Blanco-Méndez J, Guy RH, Delgado-Charro MB. Iontophoretic permselectivity of mammalian skin: characterization of hairless mouse and porcine membrane models. Pharm Res 1998; 15:984-7. [PMID: 9688048 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011909623019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the transport number of Na+, and the isoelectric point, of two skin membranes frequently used for iontophoretic in vitro research. METHODS Na+ transport numbers were determined by the Hittorf method or by the measurement of membrane potential. The skin isoelectric point was deduced from the electroosmosis of mannitol (a polar non-electrolyte) as a function of pH. RESULTS The Na+ transport number across porcine skin, like that for hairless mouse, indicated a modest cation permselectivity. Consistent with this observation, the isoelectric points of porcine and hairless mouse skin were determined to be in the ranges of 3.5-3.75 and 4.5-4.6, respectively. That is, at physiological pH, both of these model membranes supports a net negative charge. CONCLUSIONS The permselective properties of porcine and hairless mouse skin are similar (but with the porcine membrane having apparently fewer basic or more weakly-acidic groups than that of the mouse) and consistent with the characteristics, which have been deduced elsewhere, of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luzardo-Alvarez
- Departamento de Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the cross-linkage of xerogels made of Carbopol of different molecular weight (polymers deriving from polyacrylic acid), and the influence exerted by different percentages of beta-cyclodextrin upon the cross-linkage percentage. Xerogels were obtained by high-pressure compression and cross-linking was studied by measuring the weight loss of different formulations over a temperature range of 70 to 190 degrees C. Kinetics of anhydride formation were found to follow a second-order mechanism with an activation energy of approximately 25 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blanco-Fuente
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Iglesia-Vilas G, Martinez-Calvo D, Delgado-Charro B, Lopez-Quintela A, Blanco-Méndez J. Effect of drug content on the properties of microemulsions for oral drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(97)86410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rodriguez-Gómez A, Anguiano-Igea S, Otero-Espinar F, Blanco-Méndez J. Effect of bioadhesive polymers on pellets obtained by extrusion/spheronization. Eur J Pharm Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(97)86533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Otero-Espinar F, Ganza-González A, Anguiano-Igea S, Blanco-Méndez J. Metoclopramide release from Chitosan microspheres. Eur J Pharm Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(97)86387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anguiano-Igea S, Otero-Espinar F, Vila-Jato J, Blanco-Méndez J. The properties of solid dispersions of clofibrate in polyethylene glycols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0031-6865(94)00051-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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García-González N, Kellaway I, Blanco-Fuente H, Anguiano-Igea S, Delgado-Charro B, Otero-Espinar F, Blanco-Méndez J. Design and evaluation of buccoadhesive metoclopramide hydrogels composed of poly(acrylic acid) crosslinked with sucrose. Int J Pharm 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(93)90076-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Otero-Espinar F, Anguiano-Igea S, García-González N, Vila-Jato J, Blanco-Méndez J. Interaction of naproxen with β-cyclodextrin in solution and in the solid state. Int J Pharm 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(92)90106-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Otero-Espinar F, Anguiano-Igea S, García-Gonzalez N, Vila-Jato J, Blanco-Méndez J. Oral bioavailability of naproxen-β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound. Int J Pharm 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(91)90248-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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