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Herrera JC, Savoi S, Dostal J, Elezovic K, Chatzisavva M, Forneck A, Savi T. The legacy of past droughts induces water-sparingly behaviour in Grüner Veltliner grapevines. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2024. [PMID: 38315499 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Drought is becoming more frequent and severe in numerous wine-growing regions. Nevertheless, limited research has examined the legacy of recurrent droughts, focusing on leaf physiology and anatomy over consecutive seasons. We investigated drought legacies (after 2 years of drought exposure) in potted grapevines, focusing on stomatal behaviour under well-watered conditions during the third year. Vines were subjected for two consecutive years to short- (SD) or long-term (LD) seasonal droughts, or well-watered conditions (WW). In the third year, all plants were grown without water limitation. Water potential and gas exchange were monitored throughout the three seasons, while leaf morpho-anatomical traits were measured at the end of the third year. During droughts (1st and 2nd year), stem water potential of SD and LD plants fell below -1.1 MPa, with a consequent 75% reduction in stomatal conductance (gs ) compared to WW. In the 3rd year, when all vines were daily irrigated to soil capacity (midday stem water potential ~ -0.3 MPa), 45% lower values of gs were observed in the ex-LD group compared to both ex-SD and ex-WW. Reduced midrib vessel diameter, lower leaf theoretical hydraulic conductivity, and smaller stomata were measured in ex-LD leaves compared to ex-SD and ex-WW, likely contributing to the reduced gas exchange. Our findings suggest that grapevines exposed to drought may adopt a more water-conserving strategy in subsequent seasons, irrespective of current soil water availability, with the degree of change influenced by the intensity and duration of past drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Herrera
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - J Dostal
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Elezovic
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Chatzisavva
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Forneck
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Savi
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Krupka M, Singh S, Pisarczyk T, Dostal J, Kalal M, Krasa J, Dudzak R, Burian T, Jelinek S, Chodukowski T, Rusiniak Z, Krus M, Juha L. Design of modular multi-channel electron spectrometers for application in laser matter interaction experiments at Prague Asterix Laser System. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023514. [PMID: 33648071 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes design, development, and implementation of a multi-channel magnetic electron spectrometer for the application in laser-plasma interaction experiments carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System. Modular design of the spectrometer allows the setup in variable configurations to evaluate the angular distribution of hot electron emission. The angular array configuration of the electron spectrometers consists of 16 channels mounted around the target. The modules incorporate a plastic electron collimator designed to suppress the secondary radiation by absorbing the wide angle scattered electrons and photons inside the collimator. The compact model of the spectrometer measures electron energies in the range from 50 keV to 1.5MeV using ferrite magnets and from 250 keV to 5MeV using stronger neodymium magnets. An extended model of the spectrometer increases the measured energy range up to 21MeV or 35MeV using ferrite or neodymium magnets, respectively. Position to energy calibration was obtained using the particle tracking simulations. The experimental results show the measured angularly resolved electron energy distribution functions from interaction with solid targets. The angular distribution of hot electron temperature, the total flux, and the maximum electron energy show a directional dependence. The measured values of these quantities increase toward the target normal. For a copper target, the average amount of measured electron flux is 1.36 × 1011, which corresponds to the total charge of about 21 nC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krupka
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - S Singh
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - T Pisarczyk
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 01497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Dostal
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - M Kalal
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - J Krasa
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - R Dudzak
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - T Burian
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - S Jelinek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - T Chodukowski
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 01497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Rusiniak
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 01497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Krus
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L Juha
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Pisarczyk T, Gus'kov SY, Zaras-Szydłowska A, Dudzak R, Renner O, Chodukowski T, Dostal J, Rusiniak Z, Burian T, Borisenko N, Rosinski M, Krupka M, Parys P, Klir D, Cikhardt J, Rezac K, Krasa J, Rhee YJ, Kubes P, Singh S, Borodziuk S, Krus M, Juha L, Jungwirth K, Hrebicek J, Medrik T, Golasowski J, Pfeifer M, Skala J, Pisarczyk P, Korneev P. Magnetized plasma implosion in a snail target driven by a moderate-intensity laser pulse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17895. [PMID: 30559388 PMCID: PMC6297252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical generation of compact magnetized plasma structures is studied in the moderate intensity domain. A sub-ns laser beam irradiated snail-shaped targets with the intensity of about 1016 W/cm2. With a neat optical diagnostics, a sub-megagauss magnetized plasmoid is traced inside the target. On the observed hydrodynamic time scale, the hot plasma formation achieves a theta-pinch-like density and magnetic field distribution, which implodes into the target interior. This simple and elegant plasma magnetization scheme in the moderate-intensity domain is of particular interest for fundamental astrophysical-related studies and for development of future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pisarczyk
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - S Yu Gus'kov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - R Dudzak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Renner
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Chodukowski
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Dostal
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Rusiniak
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Burian
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Borisenko
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M Rosinski
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Krupka
- Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Parys
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Klir
- Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 166 27, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Cikhardt
- Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 166 27, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Rezac
- Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 166 27, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Krasa
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y-J Rhee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, IBS, Gwang-Ju, 61005, Korea
| | - P Kubes
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 166 27, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Singh
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Borodziuk
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Krus
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Juha
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Jungwirth
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Hrebicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Medrik
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Golasowski
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Pfeifer
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Skala
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Insitute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Pisarczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, ICS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ph Korneev
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Dostal J, Dudzak R, Pisarczyk T, Pfeifer M, Huynh J, Chodukowski T, Kalinowska Z, Krousky E, Skala J, Hrebicek J, Medrik T, Golasowski J, Juha L, Ullschmied J. Synchronizing single-shot high-energy iodine photodissociation laser PALS and high-repetition-rate femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:045109. [PMID: 28456257 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A system of precise pulse synchronization between a single-shot large-scale laser exploiting an acousto-optical modulator and a femtosecond high repetition rate laser is reported in this article. This opto-electronical system has been developed for synchronization of the sub-nanosecond kJ-class iodine photodissociation laser system (Prague Asterix Laser System-PALS) with the femtosecond 25-TW Ti:sapphire (Ti:Sa) laser operating at a repetition rate 1 kHz or 10 Hz depending on the required energy level of output pulses. At 1 kHz synchronization regime, a single femtosecond pulse of duration about 45 fs and a small energy less than 1 mJ are exploited as a probe beam for irradiation of a three-frame interferometer, while at 10 Hz repetition rate a single femtosecond pulse with higher energy about 7-10 mJ is exploited as a probe beam for irradiation of a two-channel polaro-interferometer. The synchronization accuracy ±100 ps between the PALS and the Ti:Sa laser pulses has been achieved in both regimes of synchronization. The femtosecond interferograms of laser-produced plasmas obtained by the three-frame interferometer and the femtosecond polarimetric images obtained by the two-frame polaro-interferometer confirm the full usefulness and correct functionality of the proposed method of synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dostal
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Dudzak
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Pisarczyk
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Ul. Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Pfeifer
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Huynh
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Chodukowski
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Ul. Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Kalinowska
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Ul. Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Krousky
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Skala
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Hrebicek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Medrik
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Golasowski
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Juha
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Ullschmied
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Douglas VC, Tong DC, Gillum LA, Zhao S, Brass LM, Dostal J, Johnston SC. Do the Brain Attack Coalition's criteria for stroke centers improve care for ischemic stroke? Neurology 2005; 64:422-7. [PMID: 15699369 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000150903.38639.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2000, the Brain Attack Coalition (BAC) recommended 11 major criteria for the establishment of primary stroke centers. The BAC relied heavily on expert opinion because evidence supporting the criteria was sparse. OBJECTIVE To assess primary stroke center elements, based on the criteria proposed by the BAC, with a questionnaire at 34 academic medical centers. METHODS Patient characteristics and outcomes were collected for all patients (n = 16,853) admitted with ischemic stroke to each hospital from 1999 to 2001. Stroke center elements were evaluated as predictors of treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and outcomes after adjustment for patient characteristics. RESULTS The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.3% (n = 1,062), and 2.4% (n = 399) of patients received tPA. None of the 11 major stroke center elements was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality or increased frequency of discharge home. However, four elements predicted increased tPA use, including written care protocols, integrated emergency medical services, organized emergency departments, and continuing medical/public education in stroke (each odds ratio [OR] > 2.0, p < 0.05). Use of tPA also tended to be greater at centers with an acute stroke team, a stroke unit, or rapid neuroimaging (each OR > 2.0, p < 0.10). Institutions with a greater number of major stroke center elements used tPA more frequently. CONCLUSIONS Of the 11 stroke center elements recommended by the BAC, 7 were associated with increased tPA use. Institutions with a greater number of these seven features used tPA more often, suggesting these key elements may be most important for primary stroke center designation, at least in terms of identifying centers that deliver IV tPA frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Douglas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0114, USA
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