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der Hagopian O, Dahlberg M, Heinius G, Nordberg J, Gustafsson J, Nordenvall C, Sandblom G, Farahnak P, Everhov ÅH. Perirenal fat surface area as a risk factor for perioperative difficulties and 30-day postoperative complications in elective colon cancer surgery. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:1078-1087. [PMID: 29956867 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Visceral obesity is associated with perioperative and postoperative complications in colorectal surgery. We aimed to investigate the association between the perirenal fat surface area (PRF) and postoperative complications. METHOD Data on 610 patients undergoing curative, elective colon cancer resection between 2006 and 2016 at Stockholm South General Hospital were retrieved from a local quality register. We assessed perioperative and postoperative outcomes using a multinomial regression model adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification and surgical approach (open/laparoscopy) in relation to PRF. RESULTS PRF could be measured in 605 patients; the median area was 24 cm2 . Patients with PRF ≥ 40 cm2 had longer operation time (median 223 vs 184 min), more intra-operative bleeding (250 vs 125 ml), reoperations (11% vs 6%), surgical complications (27% vs 13%) and nonsurgical infectious complications (16% vs 9%) than patients with PRF < 40 cm2 , but there were no differences in the need for intensive care or duration of hospital stay. The multivariate analyses revealed an increased risk of any complication [OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.1-2.6)], which was even more pronounced for moderate complications [Clavien-Dindo II, OR 2.14 (CI 1.2-2.4]; Clavien-Dindo III, OR 2.35 (CI 1.0-5.5)] in patients with PRF ≥ 40 vs < 40 cm2 . The absolute risk of complications was similar in men and women with PRF ≥ 40 cm2 . CONCLUSION PRF, an easily measured indirect marker of visceral obesity, was associated with overall and moderate complications in men and women and could serve as a useful tool in the assessment of preoperative risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- O der Hagopian
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset (KI SÖS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Dahlberg
- Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Heinius
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset (KI SÖS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Nordberg
- Bilddiagnostiskt Centrum (BDC), Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Gustafsson
- Bilddiagnostiskt Centrum (BDC), Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Nordenvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Digestive Disease, Division of Coloproctology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Sandblom
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset (KI SÖS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Farahnak
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset (KI SÖS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Å H Everhov
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset (KI SÖS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johnsson IW, Naessén T, Ahlsson F, Gustafsson J. High birth weight was associated with increased radial artery intima thickness but not with other investigated cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:2152-2157. [PMID: 29791055 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether a high birth weight was associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease when Swedish adults reached 34-40. METHODS We studied 27 subjects born at Uppsala University Hospital in 1975-1979, weighing at least 4500 g, and compared them with 27 controls selected by the Swedish National Board of Welfare with birth weights within ±1 standard deviations scores and similar ages and gender. The study included body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profile, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-frequency ultrasound measurements of intima-media thickness, intima thickness (IT) and intima:media ratio of the carotid and radial arteries. RESULTS Subjects with a high birth weight did not differ from controls with regard to BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, high-sensitivity CRP, HbA1c or carotid artery wall dimensions. However, their radial artery intima thickness was 37% greater than the control group and their intima:media ratio was 44% higher. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that a high birth weight was associated with increased radial artery intima thickness, but not with other investigated cardiovascular risk factors, at 34-40 years of age. The clinical implications of these findings should be investigated further, especially in subjects born with a very high birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Johnsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - T Naessén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - F Ahlsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Andersson M, Kolodziej B, Andersson RE, Andersson M, Eriksson T, Ramsing A, Westman L, Björkman J, Håkansson HO, Lundström T, Björkman H, Johansson P, Hjert O, Edin R, Ekström A, Wenander C, Wallon C, Andersson P, Frisk J, Arvidsson B, Lantz R, Wallin G, Wickberg Å, Stenberg E, Erixon C, Schmidt W, Räntfors J, Göthberg G, Styrud J, Elias K, Boström L, Kretschmar G, Jonsson M, Brav C, Nilsson I, Kamran F, Hammarqvist F, Rutqvist J, Almström M, Hedberg M, Lindh V, Rosemar A, Wangberg H, Gustafsson J, Neovius G, Juhlin C, Christofferson R, Månsson C, Zittel T, Fagerström N. Randomized clinical trial of Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score-based management of patients with suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg 2017; 104:1451-1461. [PMID: 28730753 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of imaging in the diagnosis of appendicitis is controversial. This prospective interventional study and nested randomized trial analysed the impact of implementing a risk stratification algorithm based on the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score, and compared routine imaging with selective imaging after clinical reassessment. METHOD Patients presenting with suspicion of appendicitis between September 2009 and January 2012 from age 10 years were included at 21 emergency surgical centres and from age 5 years at three university paediatric centres. Registration of clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes started during the baseline period. The AIR score-based algorithm was implemented during the intervention period. Intermediate-risk patients were randomized to routine imaging or selective imaging after clinical reassessment. RESULTS The baseline period included 1152 patients, and the intervention period 2639, of whom 1068 intermediate-risk patients were randomized. In low-risk patients, use of the AIR score-based algorithm resulted in less imaging (19·2 versus 34·5 per cent; P < 0·001), fewer admissions (29·5 versus 42·8 per cent; P < 0·001), and fewer negative explorations (1·6 versus 3·2 per cent; P = 0·030) and operations for non-perforated appendicitis (6·8 versus 9·7 per cent; P = 0·034). Intermediate-risk patients randomized to the imaging and observation groups had the same proportion of negative appendicectomies (6·4 versus 6·7 per cent respectively; P = 0·884), number of admissions, number of perforations and length of hospital stay, but routine imaging was associated with an increased proportion of patients treated for appendicitis (53·4 versus 46·3 per cent; P = 0·020). CONCLUSION AIR score-based risk classification can safely reduce the use of diagnostic imaging and hospital admissions in patients with suspicion of appendicitis. Registration number: NCT00971438 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andersson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, County Council of Jönköping, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - B Kolodziej
- Department Pathology, Ryhov County Hospital, County Council of Jönköping, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - R E Andersson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, County Council of Jönköping, Jönköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R Edin
- Varbergs Sjukhus, Varberg
| | | | | | - C Wallon
- Universitetssjukhuset, Linköping
| | | | - J Frisk
- Norrköpings Lasarett, Norrköping
| | | | - R Lantz
- Västerviks Sjukhus, Västervik
| | - G Wallin
- Universitetssjukhuset Örebro, Örebro
| | | | | | | | | | - J Räntfors
- Drottning Silvias barn- och ungdomssjukhus, Göteborg
| | - G Göthberg
- Drottning Silvias barn- och ungdomssjukhus, Göteborg
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Brav
- Södersjukhuset, Stockholm
| | | | - F Kamran
- Capio St Göans Sjukhus, Stockholm
| | | | - J Rutqvist
- Astrid Lindgrens Barnsjukhuset, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm
| | - M Almström
- Astrid Lindgrens Barnsjukhuset, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm
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Pettersson S, Svenungsson E, Gustafsson J, Möller S, Gunnarsson I, Welin Henriksson E. A comparison of patients' and physicians' assessments of disease activity using the Swedish version of the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire. Scand J Rheumatol 2017; 46:474-483. [PMID: 28293972 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2016.1276959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared patients' assessments of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity by a Swedish version of the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) with physicians' assessments by the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). We also explored the performance of the SLAQ in patients with short (< 1 year) versus long (≥ 1 year) disease duration. METHOD Patients filled out the SLAQ before physicians' assessments. Correlations between SLAQ total, subscales (Symptom score, Flares, Patients global) and SLAM and SLEDAI-2K, as well as between the corresponding items in SLAQ and SLAM, were evaluated using Spearman's ρ. Comparisons between patients with different disease durations were performed with Mann-Whitney U or chi-squared tests. RESULTS We included 203 patients (79% women), with a median age of 45 years [interquartile range (IQR) 33-57 years] and disease duration of 5 years (IQR 0-14 years). Correlations between physicians' SLAM without laboratory items (SLAM-nolab) and patients' assessments were: SLAQ total, ρ = 0.685, Symptom score, ρ = 0.651, Flares, ρ = 0.547, and Patients global, ρ = 0.600. Of the symptom items, fatigue (ρ = 0.640), seizures (ρ = 0.635), and headache (ρ = 0.604) correlated most closely. Neurology/stroke syndrome, skin, and lymphadenopathy correlated less well (ρ < 0.24). Patients' and physicians' assessments were notably more discordant for patients with short disease durations. CONCLUSION We confirm that the SLAQ can be used to monitor disease activity. However, the discrepancy between patients' and physicians' assessments was greater for patients with short versus long disease duration. We encourage further use of the SLAQ, but would like to develop a shorter version which would be valuable in modern, partly web-based, clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pettersson
- a Rheumatology Clinic , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - E Svenungsson
- a Rheumatology Clinic , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet, Solna , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - J Gustafsson
- a Rheumatology Clinic , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet, Solna , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - S Möller
- a Rheumatology Clinic , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - I Gunnarsson
- a Rheumatology Clinic , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine , Karolinska Institutet, Solna , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - E Welin Henriksson
- a Rheumatology Clinic , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,e Division of Nursing Science, Department of Medical and Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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Oke V, Brauner S, Larsson A, Gustafsson J, Zickert A, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E. OP0190 Increased Serum Levels of IFN-Λ Correlate with Th17 Axis Cytokines and Independently To IFN-α Identify Patient Group with Higher Organ Damage. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pettersson S, Möller S, Gustafsson J, Sveungsson E, Gunnarsson I, Welin Henriksson E. THU0603-HPR Patients' Versus Physicians' Assessment of Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vikerfors A, Mobarrez F, Gustafsson J, Gunnarsson I, Zickert A, Wallen H, Svenungsson E. SAT0383 Microparticles in 290 SLE Patients and Matched Controls and Their Relationship to Vascular Disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Johnsson IW, Haglund B, Ahlsson F, Gustafsson J. A high birth weight is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:77-83. [PMID: 24916852 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between low birth weight and adult disease is well known. Less is known on long-term effects of high birth weight. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate whether a high birth weight increases risk for adult metabolic disease. METHODS Swedish term single births, 1973-1982 (n = 759,999), were studied to age 27.5-37.5 years using Swedish national registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated in relation to birth weight for type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. RESULTS Men with birth weights between 2 and 3 standard deviation score (SDS) had a 1.9-fold increased risk (HR 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-2.90) of type 2 diabetes, whereas those with birth weights above 3 SDS had a 5.4-fold increased risk (HR 5.44, 95% CI 2.70-10.96) compared to men with birth weights between -2 and 2 SDS. The corresponding HRs for women were 0.60 (95% CI 0.40-0.91) and 1.71 (95% CI 0.85-3.43) for birth weights 2-3 SDS and >3 SDS, respectively. Men with birth weights between 2 and 3 SDS had a 1.5-fold increased risk (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.77) of obesity. The corresponding risk for women was 1.3-fold increased (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.46). For men and women with birth weights above 3 SDS, the risks of adult obesity were higher, HR 2.46 (95% CI 1.63-3.71) and HR 1.85 (95% CI 1.44-2.37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A high birth weight, particularly very high, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in male young adults. The risk of obesity increases with increasing birth weight in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Johnsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Haglind CB, Nordenström A, Ask S, von Döbeln U, Gustafsson J, Stenlid MH. Increased and early lipolysis in children with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency during fast. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:315-22. [PMID: 25141826 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Children with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD) have a defect in the degradation of long-chain fatty acids and are at risk of hypoketotic hypoglycemia and insufficient energy production as well as accumulation of toxic fatty acid intermediates. Knowledge on substrate metabolism in children with LCHAD deficiency during fasting is limited. Treatment guidelines differ between centers, both as far as length of fasting periods and need for night feeds are concerned. To increase the understanding of fasting intolerance and improve treatment recommendations, children with LCHAD deficiency were investigated with stable isotope technique, microdialysis, and indirect calometry, in order to assess lipolysis and glucose production during 6 h of fasting. We found an early and increased lipolysis and accumulation of long chain acylcarnitines after 4 h of fasting, albeit no patients developed hypoglycemia. The rate of glycerol production, reflecting lipolysis, averaged 7.7 ± 1.6 µmol/kg/min, which is higher compared to that of peers. The rate of glucose production was normal for age; 19.6 ± 3.4 µmol/kg/min (3.5 ± 0.6 mg/kg/min). Resting energy expenditure was also normal, even though the respiratory quotient was increased indicating mainly glucose oxidation. The results show that lipolysis and accumulation of long chain acylcarnitines occurs before hypoglycemia in fasting children with LCHAD, which may indicate more limited fasting tolerance than previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bieneck Haglind
- Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
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Haglind CB, Nordenström A, Ask S, von Döbeln U, Gustafsson J, Stenlid MH. Erratum to: increased and early lipolysis in children with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency during fast. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:377. [PMID: 25413955 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Bieneck Haglind
- Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
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Lundgren M, Morgården E, Gustafsson J. Is obesity a risk factor for impaired cognition in young adults with low birth weight? Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:319-26. [PMID: 23922324 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. There is also an association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive ability. Since low birth weight is associated with adult metabolic disease, particularly in obese subjects, the question emerges whether obesity has an additional negative effect on cognitive function in subjects with low birth weight. OBJECTIVES The aim was to analyse whether overweight or obesity influence intellectual performance in young adults with particular focus on those with a low birth weight. METHODS Data were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register on 620,834 males born between 1973 and 1988 and matched to results on intellectual performance and BMI at conscription. RESULTS The risk for low intellectual performance was higher for those with high BMI compared to those with normal. The highest risk was found among subjects with low birth weight and overweight or obesity in young adulthood (odds ratios, 1.98 [1.73-2.22] and 2.59 [2.00-3.34], respectively). However, subjects with further high birth weight and a high BMI at conscription had no further increased risk. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of subnormal intellectual performance in young adult males. Subjects with low birth weight and adolescent overweight/obesity are at particular risk of subnormal performance. A high birth weight increases the risk for obesity, but a high adult BMI does not further increase the risk for subnormal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lundgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Vikerfors A, Johansson AB, Gustafsson J, Jonsen A, Leonard D, Zickert A, Nordmark G, Sturfelt G, Bengtsson A, Rönnblom L, Gunnarsson I, Elvin K, Svenungsson E. THU0167 Evaluation of two assays for antiphospholipid antibodies in 712 SLE patients; clinical associations depend on isotypes and cut-off levels. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Idborg H, Oliynyk G, Rännar S, Forshed J, Branca R, Donten M, Gustafsson J, Vikerfors A, Gunnarsson I, Trygg J, Lehtiö J, Lundstedt T, Svenungsson E, Jakobsson PJ. SAT0181 Systems biology of SLE: Biochemical characterization of subgroups within SLE for improved diagnosis and treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gustafsson J, Gunnarsson I, Pettersson S, Zickert A, Vikerfors A, Hellbacher E, Möller S, Elvin K, Simard J, Svenungsson E. THU0183 Cigarette smoking and antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Idborg H, Rännar S, Oliynyk G, Forshed J, Branca RM, Donten M, Bennett K, Gustafsson J, Vikerfors A, Elvin K, Truedsson L, Nilsson B, Gunnarsson I, Trygg J, Lehtiö J, Lundstedt T, Svenungsson E, Jakobsson PJ. FRI0271 Stratification of sle patients for improved diagnosis and treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Eriksson K, Svenungsson E, Karreskog H, Gunnarsson I, Gustafsson J, Möller S, Pettersson S, Boström C. Physical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and matched controls. Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 41:290-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.624117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Bang P, Bjerknes R, Dahlgren J, Dunkel L, Gustafsson J, Juul A, Kriström B, Tapanainen P, Aberg V. A comparison of different definitions of growth response in short prepubertal children treated with growth hormone. Horm Res Paediatr 2011; 75:335-45. [PMID: 21228552 DOI: 10.1159/000322878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How to define poor growth response in the management of short growth hormone (GH)-treated children is controversial. AIM Assess various criteria of poor response. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Short GH-treated prepubertal children [n = 456; height (Ht) SD score (SDS) ≤-2] with idiopathic GH deficiency (IGHD, n = 173), idiopathic short stature (ISS, n = 37), small for gestational age (SGA, n = 54), organic GHD (OGHD, n = 40), Turner syndrome (TS, n = 43), skeletal dysplasia (n = 15), other diseases (n = 46) or syndromes (n = 48) were evaluated in this retrospective multicenter study. Median age at GH start was 6.3 years and Ht SDS -3.2. RESULTS Median [25-75 percentile] first-year gain in Ht SDS was 0.65 (0.40-0.90) and height velocity (HtV) 8.67 (7.51-9.90) cm/year. Almost 50% of IGHD children fulfilled at least one criterion for poor responders. In 28% of IGHD children, Ht SDS gain was <0.5 and they had lower increases in median IGF-I SDS than those with Ht SDS >0.5. Only IGHD patients with peak stimulated growth hormone level <3 μg/l responded better than those with ISS. A higher proportion of children with TS, skeletal dysplasia or born SGA had Ht SDS gain <0.5. CONCLUSION Many children respond poorly to GH therapy. Recommendations defining a criterion may help in managing short stature patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bang
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Smith CJA, Oscarson M, Rönnblom L, Alimohammadi M, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Gustafsson J, Nordmark G, Meloni A, Crock PA, Kämpe O, Bensing S. TSGA10 - A Target for Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:147-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Frisk P, Rössner SM, Norgren S, Arvidson J, Gustafsson J. Glucose metabolism and body composition in young adults treated with TBI during childhood. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:1303-8. [PMID: 21151187 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
After SCT in childhood, survivors may develop disorders of glucose metabolism. The role of obesity is controversial. We measured insulin sensitivity using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and the frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT), as well as body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 18 young adults median 18.2 years after SCT and compared them with matched controls. We also measured growth hormone (GH) secretion, and levels of leptin and adiponectin. HOMA showed insulin resistance in eight patients (44%), as opposed to none of the controls (P=0.008) and FSIVGTT showed a decreased sensitivity index in the patients (2.98 vs 4.54 mU/L/min, P=0.042). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry showed a higher percentage fat mass in the patients (34.9 vs 24.3%, P=0.011), which correlated inversely with the sensitivity index (r=-0.52, P=0.032). The patients had a lower peak value of GH (GH(max) 9 vs 20.7 mU/L, P=0.002). Time post SCT correlated with percentage fat mass and inversely with GH(max). The patients had higher levels of leptin and lower levels of adiponectin, even after adjustment for fat mass. We propose that the decreased insulin sensitivity may primarily be explained by the adverse body composition, which may owe to long-standing GH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Frisk
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Down syndrome (DS) is associated with short stature and psychomotor delay. We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) treatment during infancy and childhood normalizes growth velocity and improves fine motor skill performance in DS. The aim of this study was to investigate late effects of early GH treatment on growth and psychomotor development in the DS subjects from the previous trial. DESIGN Twelve of 15 adolescents with DS (3 F) from the GH group and 10 of 15 controls (5 F) participated in this follow-up study. Fifteen other subjects with DS (6 F) were included as controls in anthropometric analyses. Cognitive function was assessed with the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R) and selected subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third edition (WISC-III). The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second edition (BOT-2), was used to assess general motor ability. RESULTS Although early GH treatment had no effect on final height, the treated subjects had a greater head circumference standard deviation score (SDS) than the controls (-1.6 SDS vs. -2.2 SDS). The adolescents previously treated with GH had scores above those of the controls in all subtests of Leiter-R and WISC-III, but no difference in Brief IQ-score was seen between the groups. The age-adjusted motor performance of all subjects was below -2 SD, but the GH-treated subjects performed better than the controls in all but one subtest. CONCLUSION The combined finding of a greater head circumference SDS and better psychomotor performance indicates that DS subjects may benefit from early GH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Å Myrelid
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Bergman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Elfvik Strömberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Jonsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Nyberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Annerén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenChild and Adolescent Habilitation Centre, County Council of Uppsala, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Myrelid A, Frisk P, Stridsberg M, Annerén G, Gustafsson J. Normal growth hormone secretion in overweight young adults with Down syndrome. Growth Horm IGF Res 2010; 20:174-178. [PMID: 20022776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with short stature and obesity. Adults with DS have several features in common with growth hormone (GH) deficient adult subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate GH secretion in young adults with DS and its relation to body composition as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Ten young adults with DS (aged 24-32 years; 5 F) and ten controls matched for age and sex were examined regarding spontaneous nocturnal GH secretion and body composition. Stable isotope tracers were used to study glucose and lipid metabolism in the DS subjects. There was no difference in secretion of GH between the DS subjects and controls. The DS subjects had a higher BMI, fat mass proportion and HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) index compared with the controls. The rates of production of glucose and glycerol (reflecting lipolysis) in the DS subjects were increased (15.5+/-5.07 and 3.5+/-1.68 micromol/kg/min, respectively). The DS subjects showed normal GH secretion despite increased BMI and fat mass. The increased HOMA index and high rate of glucose production indicate peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in adult DS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Myrelid
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Abstract
AIM It has been demonstrated that females born large for gestational age (LGA) in weight but not length are at increased risk of being obese at childbearing age. We addressed the question whether women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of giving birth to such infants. METHODS Birth characteristics of 884,267 infants of non-diabetic mothers and 7817 of mothers with GDM were analysed. LGA was defined as birth weight or birth length >2 standard deviation scores for gestational age. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) for a woman with GDM to give birth to an LGA infant that was heavy alone was four times increased (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 3.41-4.04). Furthermore, in the population of mothers giving birth to LGA infants, the proportion heavy alone was 68% in the group of women with GDM compared with 64.4% in the group of non-diabetic women. The risks were independent of gender of the foetus. CONCLUSION Women with GDM have an almost four times higher risk of delivering an LGA infant that is heavy alone. The noted disproportion between weight and length in infants of such mothers may have an impact on the risk of later obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahlsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Williams C, Helguero L, Edvardsson K, Haldosén L, Gustafsson J. Mammary Stem Cell-Like Gene Expression and Relation to Cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mammary stem cells are bipotential and suggested to be the origin of breast cancer development, but are elusive and vaguely characterized.Breast tumors can be divided into subgroups, each one requiring specific treatment. To determine a possible association between mammary stem cells and breast cancer, we have previously made a detailed characterization of the transcriptome in murine mammary epithelial stem-like cell line (HC11) and made a thorough investigation of global gene-expression changes during stepwise differentiation using dual-color comparative microarray technique.Subsequently, we performed a cross-species comparison to reveal conserved gene expression between stem cells and subtype-specific and prognosis gene signatures, and correlated gene expression to in vivo mammary gland development. Our analysis provided a unique map of the transcriptomic changes and a number of novel mammary stem cell markers. Interestingly, our comparisons show that specific subtypes of breast cancers with poor prognosis and metastasizing capabilities show resemblance to stem-like gene expression. We are now investigating several marker candidates and regulations of miRNAs during differentiation.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1162.
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Strom A, Hartman J, Lam E, Lin C, Gustafsson J, Gustafsson J. Function of HES6 an Inhibitor of HES1, in the Breast Cancer Cell Lines T47D and MCF-7 Is to Up-Regulate E2F-1 and Increased Proliferation. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hormone resistance remains as a major obstacle in breast cancer treatment. The majority of breast tumors are dependent on estrogens to grow, therefore anti-estrogens such as Tamoxifen is an effective treatment option. We have found that a transcription factor Hes6, earlier described in the nervous tissue, is up-regulated in hormone-independent breast cancer cells compared to normal estrogen sensitive breast cancer cells. By using a lenti-virus system, we have over-expressed Hes6 in T47D cells which are estrogen sensitive. This resulted in increased proliferation. We also found that estrogen treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced expression of endogenous Hes6 in the G1-phase. We could not find any binding of estrogen receptor α to the HES6 gene but instead found a binding site up-steam of the promoter in the ASCL1 gene. ASCL1 is a known inducer of HES6 and we are showing that ASCL1 is up-regulated by 17β-estradiol in MCF-7 cells. To find the mechanism behind the tumorogenic effects of Hes6, we analysed important factors of the cell-cycle. We found that the G1-phase factor E2F-1 was up-regulated in response to increased Hes6 expression. Since HES6 have been shown to be an inhibitor of HES1, this is in agreement with a previous study where we found that HES1 inhibited proliferation by binding to the promoter of and down-regulating E2F-1 expression. E2F-1 is an important limiting factor in late G1-phase of the cell cycle and can drive cell proliferation.We believe that the HES1-HES6 interplay is important in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer. Studies are now ongoing to investigate if Hes6 is up-regulated in estrogen-independent human breast cancer samples.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2153.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Hartman
- 2Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - E. Lam
- 3Cancer Research-UK Labs, United Kingdom
| | - C. Lin
- 4Brigham Young University, UT,
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Abstract
The effect of adsorption of Gd(III) on the electrokinetic potential of silica (Aerosil, 390 m2/g) was studied at various Gd(III) concentrations (ranging from 10-6to 10-2mol dm-3) and at four different solid to liquid ratios (ranging from 0.05 to 8% of silica by weight). Up to some critical concentration of trivalent cations, their effect on the electrokinetic potential of silica is negligible and the sign is negative over the entire studied pH range. This critical concentration increases when the solid to liquid ratio increases. When Gd(III) concentration exceeds the critical value, the magnitude of the negative electrokinetic potential of silica is reduced. This effect is substantial at pH 6 but it is rather insignificant when the pH is very high (pH > 8) or very low (pH < 4). When the Gd(III) concentration is even higher, the sign of the electrokinetic potential is reversed to positive over certain pH range, which depends on the solid to liquid ratio and Gd(III) concentration. The shape of experimental electrokinetic curves of silica in the presence of trivalent cations often shows maximums and double isoelectric points, thus, it is very complex in comparison with the shape of the percentage of uptake vs. pH curves. Therefore, a test of an adsorption model based on electrokinetic curves is much more demanding than a test based merely on uptake vs. pH curves. The parameters of surface complexation model (SCM) derived from analysis of a large set of uptake curves were used to predict the course of electrokinetic curves. The calculated and experimentally observed maximums and isoelectric points do not exactly match (a difference up to one pH unit), but the model curves qualitatively reflect the trends observed in electokinetic experiments.
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Abstract
AIM Down syndrome (DS) is frequently associated with thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) observed at neonatal screening of infants with DS and its possible association with development of hypothyroidism during childhood. METHODS TSH levels from neonatal screening of 73 children (34 F) with DS born in 1986-1996 were studied retrospectively and compared with those of controls. The DS children were followed up regarding thyroid function to the age of 10 years in this descriptive study. RESULTS The DS infants had a higher mean TSH level and a higher TSH standard deviation score (SDS) than controls (7.0 +/- 7.45 mU/L vs. 3.9 +/- 2.43 mU/L and 1.1 +/- 2.67 vs. 0, respectively). The differences were mainly attributable to higher values in the male DS children. The TSH level at screening did not predict thyroid dysfunction during childhood. CONCLUSION Infants with DS, especially boys, showed elevated levels of TSH at neonatal screening, indicating the occurrence of mild hypothyroidism already in early life. The TSH levels could not predict development of manifest thyroid disease later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Myrelid
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gustafsson BE, Gustafsson J, Carlstedt-Duke B. Prolonged induction of germfree bile acid pattern in conventional rats by antibiotics. Acta Med Scand 2009; 201:155-60. [PMID: 848350 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1977.tb15673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Male conventional rats have been treated for five days with benzylpenicillin, neomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, bacitracintneomycin, succihylsulfathiazole or metronidazole. Total fecal bile acids were analyzed in samples collected during periods of three days during the pretreatment period and during the eight weeks following drug treatment. Metronidazole or succinylsulfathiazole had no or minor effects on the conventional bile acid pattern and the "bile acid index" (ratio beta-muricholic acid/deoxycholic acid) remained low. Benzylpenicillin, neomycin or kanamycin induced a germfree bile acid pattern, i.e. increased the relative amounts of alpha-and beta-muricholic acid in feces and eliminated deoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid from feces. The high bile acid index was normalized within three weeks after termination of drug treatment but the excretion of alpha- and beta-muricholic acid was not normalized until a normal flora had been established by giving an enema with intestinal contents from intact, oncentional rats. Treatment with eythromycin or bacitracintineomycin also produced a germfree bile acid pattern. In these cases, the bile acid index was not back to normal until after five to eight weeks and the excretion of the muricholic acids was not normalized until an enema with intestinal bacteria had been given. It is suggested that these long-lasting effects of antibiotics on the metabolism of bile acids in the intestinal tract should be considered after short-term antibiotic therapy in humans.
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Wester ES, Gustafsson J, Snell B, Spruell P, Hellberg A, Olsson ML, Storry JR. A simple screening assay for the most common JK*0 alleles revealed compound heterozygosity in Jk(a-b-) probands from Guam. Immunohematology 2009; 25:165-9. [PMID: 20406024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Jk(a-b-) phenotype results from alterations in the JK gene and is characterized by absence of the RBC urea transporter in the cell membrane. The frequency of Jk(a-b-) varies among populations,but this phenotype is most commonly found in people of Polynesian and Finnish descent. Although rare, Jk(a-b-) individuals present a clinical challenge because anti-Jk3 is produced readily in response to transfusion and pregnancy, and Jk(a-b-) blood is not routinely available. Identification of Jk(a-b-) patients and donors is most often performed serologically. However, ten JK*0 alleles have been identified, and this information can be used in DNA-based typing. We selected five JK*0 alleles that had been encountered by our reference laboratory in two or more samples from unrelated individuals and designed an allele-specific primer PCR assay for use as an initial screening tool. After in-house validation,we tested genomic DNA from a family: a mother and her two sons referred to us for genetic investigation of their Jk(a-b-)phenotypes. Two different nucleotide substitutions, -1g>a in intron 5 (IVS5) and 956C>T in exon 10, originally associated with Polynesian and Indian/African populations respectively, were identified in the family. The mother and one son were compound heterozygotes, and the second son was homozygous for IVS5-1g>a. We conclude that the effort to design and validate such a screening assay was cost-efficient when compared with DNA sequencing costs. Furthermore, selection of the more common JK*0 mutations was a practical approach that resulted in rapid identification of the genetic bases behind the Jk(a-b-) phenotypes in this unusual family. Although an obvious target for eventual inclusion into high-throughput genotyping platforms for clinical diagnostic services, current systems are very limited. Our approach provides a simple and inexpensive method for the identification of these rare alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Wester
- Nordic Reference Laboratory for Blood Group Genomic Typing, Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
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Dahl M, Ahlsten G, Gustafsson J, Proos LA, Tuvemo T. Early puberty in boys with myelomeningocele. Risk factors for early puberty. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1186/1743-8454-4-s1-s37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bachar O, Gustafsson J, Jansson L, Adner M, Cardell LO. Lipopolysaccharide administration to the allergic nose contributes to lower airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1773-80. [PMID: 17941911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory reaction not confined to a single local compartment, but rather involving the whole airway system. Allergens known to induce AR are not always the sole trigger of the inflammatory reaction as infections and organic dust might also cause exacerbations of rhinitis and associated conditions. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, as a surrogate for upper airway bacterial infections, in patients with symptomatic AR. METHODS Fourteen patients with a history of moderate to severe pollen-induced AR were challenged intranasally with LPS. After 3-6 weeks, the same patients were challenged again, first with allergen and 24 h later with LPS. Nasal symptom scores, nasal lavage leucocyte counts and nasal airway resistance were assessed at 6-24 h after each provocation along with measurements of nitric oxide (NO) levels in the nose and lung. RESULTS Six hours after the LPS challenge, an increased level of leucocytes could be obtained in the lavage fluid, but no symptoms were experienced and no increase in nasal resistance could be recorded. The NO production in the upper and lower airways was similar before and 6 h after the provocation. In contrast, in patients exposed to pollen before the LPS challenge, both the nasal and the pulmonary NO levels were enhanced. This was accompanied by an increase in leucocytes. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates a priming effect of allergen on the nasal response to LPS as well as the presence of a systemic link between airway mucosal sites in the upper and lower airways. This suggests that exogenously derived signals, like upper airway infections, can interfere with the initiation, maintenance and progression of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bachar
- Laboratory of Clinical Experimental Allergy Research, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Ringdén O, Uzunel M, Sundberg B, Lönnies L, Nava S, Gustafsson J, Henningsohn L, Le Blanc K. Tissue repair using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for hemorrhagic cystitis, pneumomediastinum and perforated colon. Leukemia 2007; 21:2271-6. [PMID: 17611560 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess anti-inflammatory properties and participate in tissue repair. We used MSC to heal therapy-induced tissue toxicity. Ten consecutive patients, treated with MSC due to tissue toxicity following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, (ASCT) were included. Their median age was 48 (13-64) years. Seven had hemorrhagic cystitis grades 2-5, two had pneumomediastinum and one had perforated colon and peritonitis. MSC donors were mainly third-party, HLA-mismatched (n=11), HLA-haploidentical (n=3) and, in two cases, the HLA-identical ASCT sibling donors. MSC were given intravenously, the median cell dose was 1.0 (range 0.7-2)x10(6)/kg. In five patients, the severe hemorrhagic cystitis cleared after MSC infusion. Gross hematuria disappeared after median 3 (1-14) days. Two patients had reduced transfusion requirements after MSC infusion, but died of multiorgan failure. In one of them, MSC donor DNA was demonstrated in the urinary bladder. In two patients, pneumomediastinum disappeared after MSC infusions. A patient with steroid-resistant graft-versus-host disease of the gut experienced perforated diverticulitis and peritonitis that was reversed twice by MSC. MSC is a novel treatment for therapy-induced tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ringdén
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microdialysis can be used to monitor carbohydrate metabolism and lipolysis in adipose tissue. This method, however, does not discriminate between local metabolite production and delivery from other tissues. Our aim was to study glucose metabolism by direct delivery of 13C-labelled glucose into adipose tissue by microdialysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven healthy adults were studied after an overnight fast. In three of them the effect of physical activity on glucose metabolism was tested. Microdialysis catheters were introduced into abdominal adipose tissue and 25 mM 13C-labelled glucose was added to the perfusion fluid. An extraction procedure for separating lactic acid from glucose and glycerol in the microdialysate samples was developed. After derivatization, the 13C enrichment of the compounds was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS 13C-labelled lactate was detected in the first 15-min eluate fraction following that in which 13C-glucose had reached the microdialysis probe. In the different subjects, 22-35 % of adipose tissue lactate was produced locally. During exercise there was an increase in the lactate concentration and a decrease in 13C enrichment of lactate. Although lactate production in the adipose tissue increased during exercise, most adipose tissue lactate resulted from inflow. The administered 13C-labelled glucose also rapidly converted to 13C-glycerol. The 13C enrichment of glycerol was lower than that of lactate. During exercise the 13C enrichment of glycerol increased, indicating that newly synthesized depot fat was preferentially hydrolysed during physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Metabolism of glucose to lactate and glycerol in subcutaneous adipose tissue is a rapid process that can be monitored in vivo by administration of stable isotope labelled glucose into the microdialysis probe. In adults at rest about one-fourth of adipose tissue lactate is produced locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gustafsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
AIM To analyse if females born large for gestational age (LGA) have an increased risk to give birth to LGA infants and to study anthropometric characteristics in macrosomic infants of females born LGA. METHODS The investigation was performed as an intergenerational retrospective study of women born between 1973 and 1983, who delivered their first infant between 1989 and 1999. Birth characteristics of 47,783 females, included in the Swedish Birth Register both as newborns and mothers were analysed. LGA was defined as >2 SD in either birth weight or length for gestational age. The infants were divided into three subgroups: born tall only, born heavy only and born both tall and heavy for gestational age. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Females, born LGA with regard to length or weight, had a two-fold (adjusted OR 1.96, 95% Cl 1.54-2.48) increased risk to give birth to an LGA infant. Females, born LGA concerning weight only, had a 2.6 (adjusted OR 2.63, 95%, 1.85-3.75) fold increased risk of having an LGA offspring heavy only and no elevated risk of giving birth to an offspring that was tall only, compared to females born not LGA. In addition, maternal obesity was associated with a 2.5 (adjusted OR 2.56, 95%, 2.20-2.98) fold increased risk of having an LGA newborn, compared to mothers with normal weight. CONCLUSION Females, born LGA, have an increased risk to give birth to LGA infants, compared to mothers born not LGA. Maternal overweight increases this risk even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahlsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ringden O, Uzunel M, Sundberg B, Lonnies L, Nava S, Gotherstrom C, Gustafsson J, Henningsohn L, Le Blanc K. 122: Tissue repair using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for hemorrhagic cystitis, pneumomediastinum and perforated colon. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Halldin MU, Forslund A, von Döbeln U, Eklund C, Gustafsson J. Increased lipolysis in LCHAD deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2007; 30:39-46. [PMID: 17160563 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-006-0296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of fatty acid oxidation defects are being detected owing to diagnostic improvements and a greater awareness among clinicians. The metabolic block leads to energy disruption, fatty infiltration, and toxic effects on organ functions exerted by beta-oxidation metabolites. This investigation was undertaken to assess the influence of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency on lipolysis and energy turnover. We addressed the question whether the lipolysis and glucose production rates would be altered in the fasting state in a child with this disease. Lipolysis, glucose production and resting energy expenditure (REE) were studied in a 17-month-old girl with LCHAD deficiency and her healthy twin sister. Lipolysis and glucose production were determined after a 4-6 h fast by constant-rate infusion of [1,1,2,3,3-(2)H(5)]glycerol and [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. REE was estimated by indirect calorimetry. The affected girl showed 50% higher lipolysis than did her sister, whereas the glucose production rates were similar. Plasma levels of dicarboxylic acids of 6-12 carbon atoms chain length, 3-hydroxy fatty acids of 6-18 carbon atoms chain length, total free fatty acids, and acylcarnitines were increased in the patient, as was REE. Since glucose production rates and plasma glucose levels were similar in the two girls, the increased lipolysis observed in the patient probably represents a compensatory mechanism for energy generation. This is achieved at the price of an augmented risk for fatty acid infiltration and toxic effects of beta-oxidation intermediates. This highlights the importance of avoiding fasting in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Children's Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hartman J, Lindberg K, Inzunza J, Wan J, Ström A, Gustafsson J. Estrogen receptor β represses breast tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10101 Background: Estrogens are well known stimulators of breast cancer cell growth in vitro as well as in vivo. Two different estrogen receptors exist, namely estrogen receptor (ER) α and β. ERα mediates the proliferative effect of estrogen in breast cancer cells and we have earlier shown that ERβ inhibits cell-cycle progression in vitro. Estrogens are well known stimulators of in vivo breast cancer cell growth as well as angiogenesis, and the effect is mediated through ERα. The function of ERβ in this context is not well understood. Methods: We have used ERα-positive T47D breast cancer cells stably transfected with a Tet/Off regulated ERβ expression vector system. The ERβ-inducible tumor cells are studied in vitro as well as in vivo. Results: By transplanting ERβ-inducible breast cancer cells into SCID-mice, we show that ERβ inhibits tumor growth and reduces the volume of established tumors. Furthermore, we show by immunohistochemistry, that the number of blood microvessels in the tumor periphery is decreased by ERβ expression, counteracting the well-known pro-angiogenic effect of ERα. By Western blot analysis on tumor extracts, we show that the concentration of the important pro-angiogenic growth factors VEGF and bFGF, normally expressed by breast tumor cells, is decreased in the ERβ-expressing tumors compared to the normal tumors. To exclude that the observed anti-angiogenic effect is just a result of reduced tumor growth, we incubated Tet/Off regulated ERβ expressing cells in vitro, during non-hypoxic conditions. We found that the expression of ERβ leads to decreased expression of VEGF and PDGFβ at the mRNA and protein-levels. In transient transfection assays, we found estrogen-ERα mediated up regulation of VEGF, PDGFβ and bFGF-promoter activities in T47D cells, and these activities were all suppressed following co-transfection with an ERβ-expression vector. Conclusions: We conclude that ERβ inhibits growth factor expression at transcriptional level in breast cancer cells; taken together, our data indicates that ERβ inhibits growth and angiogenesis of tumors formed by T47D breast cancer cells. This makes ERβ an interesting therapeutic target in breast cancer and perhaps treatment with the newly designed ERβ-selective ligands might work as a new anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Hartman
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - J. Inzunza
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Wan
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Ström
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication of pregnancy. There are many possible aetiologic factors of maternal, placental and/or fetal origin. Often there is no known explanation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a reduction in maternal energy substrate production could be one of the factors involved in IUGR. DESIGN Measurement of maternal energy substrate production and glucoregulatory hormones in women with growth-restricted fetuses. SETTINGS University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. POPULATION Ten healthy pregnant women with IUGR were compared with eight recently reported healthy women with normal pregnancies. The women were studied at 35.4+/-1.6 weeks of gestation after an overnight fast. METHODS Rates of glycerol and glucose production were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry following constant-rate infusion of [1,1,2,3,3-(2)H5]glycerol and [6,6-(2)H2]glucose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Third trimester glycerol and glucose production. RESULTS Glycerol production, reflecting lipolysis, was lower in the women with IUGR than in those with normal pregnancies, 2.36+/-0.58 versus 3.06+/-0.66 micromol kg-1 minute-1 (P=0.033), whereas there was no difference in rate of glucose production (glucose production rate [GPR]), 12.1+/-1.5 versus 13.2+/-1.5 micromol kg-1 minute-1 (P=0.23). Plasma glycerol levels were increased in the women with IUGR (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Lipolysis is lower in pregnancies complicated by IUGR as compared with normal pregnancies. Increased lipolysis during pregnancy provides substrate for maternal energy metabolism, which spares glucose for the fetus. A reduced maternal production of energy substrate could be one of several factors underlying IUGR. A lack of relationship between insulin levels and either lipolysis or GPR suggests defective regulation of energy substrate production in this group of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Diderholm
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Tuvemo T, Jonsson B, Gustafsson J, Albertsson-Wikland K, Aronson AS, Häger A, Ivarson S, Kriström B, Marcus C, Nilsson KO, Westgren U, Westphal O, Aman J, Proos LA. Final height after combined growth hormone and GnRH analogue treatment in adopted girls with early puberty. Acta Paediatr 2005; 93:1456-62. [PMID: 15513572 DOI: 10.1080/08035250410021793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Girls adopted from developing countries often have early or precocious puberty, requiring treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. During such treatment, decreased growth velocity is frequent. AIM To study whether the addition of growth hormone (GH) to GnRH analogue treatment improves final height in girls with early or precocious puberty. METHODS Forty-six girls with early or precocious puberty (age < or =9.5 y) adopted from developing countries were randomized for treatment for 2-4 y with GnRH analogue, or with a combination of GH and GnRH analogue. RESULTS During treatment, the mean growth velocity in the GH/GnRH analogue group was significantly higher compared to the control group. Combined GH/GnRH analogue treatment resulted in a higher final height: 158.9 cm compared to 155.8 cm in the GnRH analogue-treated group. Three out of 24 girls (13%) in the combined group and nine of the 22 girls (41%) treated with GnRH analogue alone attained a final height below -2 standard deviation scores (SDS). CONCLUSION The difference between the two groups is statistically significant, and possibly of clinical importance. A future challenge is to identify a subgroup with clinically significant advantage of GH addition to GnRH analogue treatment. Being very short on arrival in Sweden and being short and young at start of treatment are possible indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tuvemo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucose production and lipolysis were investigated in teenage girls with anorexia nervosa using glucose and glycerol labelled with stable isotopes. The production of energy substrates were also maintained in the very underweight patients who showed higher relative rates of substrate mobilization compared to those who had gained some weight. CONCLUSION The investigation shows that glucose production, necessary to provide fuel for the central nervous system, is also maintained in starving patients with anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Swenne
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Nyström AM, Bondeson ML, Skanke N, Mårtensson J, Strömberg B, Gustafsson J, Annerén G. A novel nonsense mutation of the mineralocorticoid receptor gene in a Swedish family with pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (PHA1). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:227-31. [PMID: 14715854 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (PHA1) is a condition associated with salt wasting leading to dehydration, hypotension, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. Sporadic cases and two familial forms, one autosomal dominant and one autosomal recessive form, have been described. The autosomal dominant or sporadic form manifests milder salt wasting that remits with age. Mutations in the gene encoding the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) have been identified in patients with the autosomal dominant inheritance. However, recent studies suggest that the autosomal dominant and sporadic forms are genetically heterogeneous and that additional genes might be involved. We report on the study of 15 members of a Swedish five-generation family with the autosomal dominant form of PHA1. Interestingly, neuropathy was found in two of five affected individuals. A novel heterozygous nonsense mutation C436X in exon 2 was identified in the index patient by linkage analysis, PCR, and direct sequencing of the MR gene. Analysis of the family demonstrated that the mutation segregated with PHA1 in the family. It is unclear whether the neuropathy is associated with the mutation found. Our results together with previously published data suggest that loss-of-function mutations of the MR gene located at 4q31.1, commonly are associated with the autosomal dominant form of PHA1.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- Codon, Nonsense/genetics
- Exons
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pedigree
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Pseudohypoaldosteronism/genetics
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Nyström
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Frisk P, Arvidson J, Gustafsson J, Lönnerholm G. Pubertal development and final height after autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 33:205-10. [PMID: 14628079 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe pubertal development and growth in 17 children who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT), including total body irradiation (TBI) for ALL. Seven children also received cranial irradiation (CI) and five boys testicular irradiation. All underwent transplantation before (n=15) or at the beginning of (n=2) puberty and reached a final height (FH). Puberty started spontaneously in all boys not given testicular irradiation. All boys who received testicular irradiation developed hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Puberty started spontaneously in two girls and was induced with increasing doses of ethinylestradiol in two girls. In two girls, a low dose of ethinylestradiol was given until menarche. In one girl with early onset of puberty and short stature, puberty was blocked with a GnRH analogue. The standard deviation score for height decreased significantly from BMT to FH, both in the children who received TBI only (-1.1, P=0.005) as well as in those given additional CI (-1.7, P=0.027). Most of the loss occurred during puberty. In all, 10 children received growth hormone (GH) treatment. CI, young age at BMT, and short duration of GH treatment were predictors of height loss after BMT. Although limited by the small and heterogeneous sample, our study supports the use of early GH treatment in children with decelerating growth rate and low GH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Frisk
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Akademiska Barnsjukhuset, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Halldin MU, Brismar K, Tuvemo T, Gustafsson J. Insulin sensitivity and lipolysis in adolescent girls with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: effect of anticholinergic treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002; 57:735-43. [PMID: 12460323 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased GH secretion could be one factor behind the impaired glycaemic control often seen in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes. Because GH induces insulin resistance, treatment with anticholinergic agents, such as pirenzepine (PZP), has been used to reduce GH secretion. However, in a previous study of adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes, we observed an improvement in glycaemic control during 12 weeks of PZP therapy despite unchanged excretion of GH in urine. Considering the complex mechanisms behind urinary GH excretion, the effects of PZP on pituitary GH secretion or secretory pattern cannot be excluded. Thus, to assess the effect of anticholinergic treatment on metabolic control in adolescent girls with diabetes, we have investigated GH secretion, insulin sensitivity and lipolysis before and during treatment with PZP. PATIENTS Eleven adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes and poor metabolic control were investigated before and after treatment with PZP, 100 mg orally, twice a day for 3 weeks. DESIGN Serum samples for analysis of haemoglobin A1c and IGF-I were obtained in addition to serum profiles of GH, insulin and IGFBP-1 before and after 3 weeks of PZP treatment. Effects on insulin sensitivity and lipolysis were also assessed. MEASUREMENTS IGFBP-1 was measured every hour, whereas serum GH and insulin were measured every 20 min for 24 h. Insulin sensitivity was analysed with the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp technique. The rate of lipolysis was assessed under basal conditions following a constant rate infusion of [1,1,2,3,3-2H5]-glycerol. In five girls, lipolysis was also estimated during the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in haemoglobin A1c levels (9.9 +/- 0.2%vs. 9.1 +/- 0.2; P < 0.0001) during 3 weeks of PZP treatment. In additional, the glucose requirement during the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp increased by more than 30% (72.5 +/- 4.9 vs. 96.8 +/- 8.5 mg/m2/min; P = 0.003). However, we could not demonstrate any significant changes in GH secretion (area under the curve, basal levels or peak amplitude) or in the GH secretory pattern (peak height, peak length or interpeak interval). Concordantly, the IGF-I levels were statistically unchanged, as were IGFBP-1 concentrations. The rate of lipolysis did not change under basal conditions (3.40 +/- 0.53 vs. 3.04 +/- 0.54 micro mol/kg/min, n = 11, P = 0.54) or during the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (1.58 +/- 0.21 vs. 2.08 +/- 0.26 micro mol/kg/min; n = 5, P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS Our observations of an increased glucose requirement during the clamp as well as a decrease in haemoglobin A1c demonstrate improved insulin sensitivity in the adolescent girls with diabetes following pirenzepine therapy. The mechanism behind the improvement is not clear, as neither secretion nor the secretory pattern of GH changed significantly. The persistently high levels of GH might explain the unaltered rate of lipolysis despite the improved insulin sensitivity. The observed improvement in glycaemic control in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes following pirenzepine therapy is promising, although more studies on this topic are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Gustafsson J, Svensson G, Albertsson J. Crystal structure of Ge-doped rubidium titanyl phosphate. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302098495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth in children with Down's syndrome (DS) differs markedly from that of normal children. The use of DS specific growth charts is important for diagnosis of associated diseases, such as coeliac disease and hypothyroidism, which may further impair growth. AIMS To present Swedish DS specific growth charts. METHODS The growth charts are based on a combination of longitudinal and cross sectional data from 4832 examinations of 354 individuals with DS (203 males, 151 females), born in 1970-97. RESULTS Mean birth length was 48 cm in both sexes. Final height, 161.5 cm for males and 147.5 cm for females, was reached at relatively young ages, 16 and 15 years, respectively. Mean birth weight was 3.0 kg for boys and 2.9 kg for girls. A body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m(2) at 18 years of age was observed in 31% of the males and 36% of the females. Head growth was impaired, resulting in a SDS for head circumference of -0.5 (Swedish standard) at birth decreasing to -2.0 at 4 years of age. CONCLUSION Despite growth retardation the difference in height between the sexes is the same as that found in healthy individuals. Even though puberty appears somewhat early, the charts show that DS individuals have a decreased pubertal growth rate. Our growth charts show that European boys with DS are taller than corresponding American boys, whereas European girls with DS, although being lighter, have similar height to corresponding American girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Myrelid
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Groth T, Ewald U, Gustafsson J. Errors in estimating neonatal production of glucose with stable isotopes during "approximate steady state". Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2002; 61:663-79. [PMID: 11768326 DOI: 10.1080/003655101753268026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In studies of glucose metabolism in neonates, a commonly used approach is based on constant rate infusion of glucose labelled with a stable isotope in order to reach an approximate steady state with regard to isotopic enrichment in plasma. Under presumed conditions of a glucose steady state, the rates of appearance and disappearance of glucose can, in principle, be calculated with use of a simple steady-state formula. However, in the neonate, steady-state conditions do not generally prevail and results derived on such assumptions are questionable. In the present study, we have taken a pragmatic approach and compared estimates obtained from the conventional formula with values calculated with Steele's non-steady-state method. The results show that the estimated glucose appearance and disappearance rates change more or less over the observed time period in all the typical cases studied, and that "steady-state estimates" may differ from the corresponding non-steady-state values by up to 37%. In a sensitivity analysis, the value of the distribution volume factor was found to be non-critical, a circumstance that supports the use of Steele's method. Thus, even though the classical Steele pool-fraction method for computation of rates of appearance and disappearance under non-steady-state conditions has been criticized, it is still the most realistic alternative to the frequently used simple steady-state formula in applications to newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Groth
- Unit for Biomedical Informatics and Systems Analysis, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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Abstract
AIM Diabetic patients, particularly girls, often experience poor metabolic control during puberty and adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolic control during adolescence, especially in relation to pubertal stages, growth, insulin treatment and body mass index (BMI). METHODS We studied the records of 38 (consecutive) girls with prepubertal onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Data from the age of 10 to 18-20 years were obtained with regard to glycaemic control, growth, age at menarche, final height and BMI, and analysed in relation to both chronological age and age at menarche. RESULTS HbA1c was lowest 3 years before menarche; mean (+/- sd) 7.6 (+/- 1.2). After the pubertal growth spurt, there was a marked impairment of metabolic control, the highest level of HbA1c occurring 3 years after menarche. Mean age at menarche was 13.3 (+/- 1.1) years and mean linear growth after menarche only 4.7 cm, giving a final height of 164.9 (+/- 5.3) cm which is 2.7 cm below the Swedish mean. During adolescence the degree of correlation between BMI and HbA1c continuously increased, pointing out the effect of body fat on metabolic control in this age group. The level of HbA1c at 10 years of age could not predict the metabolic control after cessation of puberty, but prepubertal BMI appears to be a risk factor for both obesity and poor glycaemic control in late adolescence. CONCLUSIONS The highest HbA1c was found after cessation of growth. Prepubertal BMI is a possible predictor of metabolic control in adolescent diabetic girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tylleskär
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Section of Paediatrics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hedstrand H, Ekwall O, Olsson MJ, Landgren E, Kemp EH, Weetman AP, Perheentupa J, Husebye E, Gustafsson J, Betterle C, Kämpe O, Rorsman F. The transcription factors SOX9 and SOX10 are vitiligo autoantigens in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:35390-5. [PMID: 11423552 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102391200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is common in the hereditary disorder autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I). Patients with APS I are known to have high titer autoantibodies directed against various tissue-specific antigens. Using sera from APS I patients for immunoscreening of a cDNA library from human scalp, we identified the transcription factors SOX9 and SOX10 as novel autoantigens related to this syndrome. Immunoreactivity against SOX9 was found in 14 (15%) and against SOX10 in 20 (22%) of the 91 APS I sera studied. All patients reacting with SOX9 displayed reactivity against SOX10, suggesting shared epitopes. Among the 19 patients with vitiligo, 12 (63%) were positive for SOX10 (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, three of 93 sera from patients with vitiligo unrelated to APS I showed strong reactivity against SOX10, which may indicate a more general role of SOX10 as an autoantigen in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hedstrand
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital, S.E.-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
The long-term aim of the work introduced here is to investigate the influence of off-axis aberrations on human vision, especially for subjects with a large central scotoma. The latter use their peripheral vision in spite of its poor off-axis optical quality, and a correction of the off-axis aberrations might be of great assistance. The eccentric fixation angles used by these subjects can be up to 20-30 degrees. In this initial study we have measured oblique astigmatism, the major off-axis aberration, in 20 emmetropic eyes in 10 degrees steps out to 60 degrees nasally and temporally using a 'double pass' setup. The results show very large individual differences and the oblique astigmatism also varies from nasal to temporal side. In an off-axis measurement angle of 30 degrees the astigmatism varied between subjects from 1 to 7-D, with a mean astigmatism of about 4-D on the nasal side and about 1.5-D lower on the temporal side. At 60 degrees temporally, the mean astigmatism was 7-D. At 60 degrees nasally, all subjects had astigmatism larger than 8-D and the mean astigmatism was 11-D. The results indicate that any attempt to correct the off axis astigmatism in an eye with central scotoma cannot be based on central refraction; instead, individual measurements are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gustafsson
- Center for Rehabilitation Engineering Research (Certec), Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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Andersson C, Lydrup ML, Fernö M, Idvall I, Gustafsson J, Nilsson BO. Immunocytochemical demonstration of oestrogen receptor beta in blood vessels of the female rat. J Endocrinol 2001; 169:241-7. [PMID: 11312141 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1690241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of oestrogen receptor (ER) beta in vascular function remains unclear. With the use of a specific ERbeta antibody we have now, using immunocytochemistry, visualized ERbeta in different parts of the vascular tree. In about 70% of medial smooth muscle cells of female rat aorta, tail artery and uterine artery, nuclear immunoreactivity to ERbeta was observed. In these vessels endothelial cells also expressed ERbeta. Vascular expression of the ERalpha subtype was lower than that of ERbeta. In aorta and tail artery, no immunoreactivity towards ERalpha was observed, while in uterine vessels occasional medial smooth muscle and endothelial cells expressed this ER subtype. ERbeta and alpha expression in uterine vessels was independent of the stage of the oestrous cycle, suggesting that variations in uterine blood flow occurring during the cycle are independent of ER density. The regional distribution of ERalpha, as determined by immunocytochemistry, was supported by measurements of ERalpha levels by enzyme immunoassay. In the uterine artery, the level of ERalpha was several times higher (P<0.001) than that of aorta and tail artery (10.1+/-1.7 fmol/mg protein in the uterine artery vs 3.3+/-1.0 and 0.5+/-0.5 fmol/mg protein in aorta and tail artery respectively). Thus, a prominent nuclear expression of ERbeta was observed in the vascular wall of several parts of the vascular tree, while ERalpha predominantly was expressed in uterine vessels, suggesting that ERbeta and alpha may have different roles in vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Andersson
- Department of Pathology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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50
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Omoto Y, Tsuchiya E, Eguchi H, Gustafsson J, Hayashi S. Expression, function and clinical implications of the estrogen receptor (ER) beta in human lung cancers. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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