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Buescher FM, Schmitz MT, Frett T, Kramme J, de Boni L, Elmenhorst EM, Mulder E, Moestl S, Heusser K, Frings-Meuthen P, Jordan J, Rittweger J, Pesta D. Effects of 30 days bed rest and exercise countermeasures on PBMC bioenergetics. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14102. [PMID: 38294173 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Altered mitochondrial function across various tissues is a key determinant of spaceflight-induced physical deconditioning. In comparison to tissue biopsies, blood cell bioenergetics holds promise as a systemic and more readily accessible biomarker, which was evaluated during head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR), an established ground-based analog for spaceflight-induced physiological changes in humans. More specifically, this study explored the effects of HDTBR and an exercise countermeasure on mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS We subjected 24 healthy participants to a strict 30-day HDTBR protocol. The control group (n = 12) underwent HDTBR only, while the countermeasure group (n = 12) engaged in regular supine cycling exercise followed by veno-occlusive thigh cuffs post-exercise for 6 h. We assessed routine blood parameters 14 days before bed rest, the respiratory capacity of PBMCs via high-resolution respirometry, and citrate synthase activity 2 days before and at day 30 of bed rest. We confirmed PBMC composition by flow cytometry. RESULTS The change of the PBMC maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OXPHOS) amounted to an 11% increase in the countermeasure group, while it decreased by 10% in the control group (p = 0.04). The limitation of OXPHOS increased in control only while other respiratory states were not affected by either intervention. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between white blood cells, lymphocytes, and basophils with PBMC bioenergetics in both groups. CONCLUSION This study reveals that a regular exercise countermeasure has a positive impact on PBMC mitochondrial function, confirming the potential application of blood cell bioenergetics for human spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-M Buescher
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - M T Schmitz
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Frett
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Kramme
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - L de Boni
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - E M Elmenhorst
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Mulder
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Moestl
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Heusser
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Frings-Meuthen
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Jordan
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Pesta
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Sanchez-Trigo H, Rittweger J, Sañudo B. Effects of non-supervised exercise interventions on bone mineral density in adult women: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:1415-1427. [PMID: 35218402 PMCID: PMC8881760 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporosis is a major health issue worldwide. This study analyzes the effects of non-supervised osteoporosis prevention programs on bone mineral density. Non-supervised exercise increases femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density in adult women. Thus, it might be effective for preventing or treating osteoporosis or osteopenia in this population. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a major health issue worldwide. Social distancing measures due to COVID-19 have hindered the chances to take part in supervised osteoporosis prevention exercise programs. The purpose of the present study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of non-supervised osteoporosis prevention exercise programs on bone mineral density (BMD) in adult women. METHODS A comprehensive search of electronic databases (n = 7) was conducted including (a) prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing at least one exercise group vs. a control group with sedentary lifestyle or sham exercises; (b) baseline and follow-up BMD values, or BMD changes from baseline, at any skeletal site; (c) women over 30 years old; and (d) non-supervised exercise programs only. Subgroup analyses were performed for menopausal status, intervention duration, type of exercise, and osteopenia/osteoporosis status. RESULTS Ten studies were included (n = 668). Random effect analyses showed that unsupervised exercise had beneficial effects on lumbar spine (LS) BMD with standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.77), and femoral neck (FN) BMD with SMD = 0.51 (95% CI: 0.16-0.85). Unsupervised exercise increased LS (SMD = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.13-1.33)) and FN BMD (SMD = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.33-1.37)) in women with osteopenia/osteoporosis, but not in healthy counterparts. CONCLUSION Non-supervised exercise improves FN and LS BMD in adult women. Beneficial effects of exercise on FN and LS BMD might be more pronounced in those with poor bone health compared with healthy counterparts. More RCTs prescribing non-supervised, osteogenic exercise are required in this population. It is necessary to investigate the efficacy of remote/assistive technologies for delivering and monitoring non-supervised exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sanchez-Trigo
- Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - J Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Sañudo
- Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain
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Rittweger J, Ireland A, Lüscher S, Nocciolino LM, Pilot N, Pisani L, Cointry GR, Ferretti JL, Capozza RF. Fibula: The Forgotten Bone-May It Provide Some Insight On a Wider Scope for Bone Mechanostat Control? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:775-778. [PMID: 30393831 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human fibula responds to its mechanical environment differently from the tibia accordingly with foot usage. Fibula structure is unaffected by disuse, and is stronger concerning lateral bending in soccer players (who evert and rotate the foot) and weaker in long-distance runners (who jump while running) with respect to untrained controls, along the insertion region of peroneus muscles. These features, strikingly associated to the abilities of the fibulae of predator and prey quadrupeds to manage uneven surfaces and to store elastic energy to jump, respectively, suggest that bone mechanostat would control bone properties with high selective connotations beyond structural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rittweger
- Division of Space Physiology, German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Ireland
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - S Lüscher
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC) National University of Rosario and Arg NRC (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - L M Nocciolino
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC) National University of Rosario and Arg NRC (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - N Pilot
- Unidad de Estudios Biomecánicos Osteo-musculares (UDEBOM), Instituto Universitario Gran Rosario (IUGR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Pisani
- Unidad de Estudios Biomecánicos Osteo-musculares (UDEBOM), Instituto Universitario Gran Rosario (IUGR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - G R Cointry
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC) National University of Rosario and Arg NRC (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - J L Ferretti
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC) National University of Rosario and Arg NRC (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - R F Capozza
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC) National University of Rosario and Arg NRC (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
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Koy T, Ganse B, Zange J, Rittweger J, Pohle-Fröhlich R, Fings-Meuthen P, Johannes B, Felsenberg D, Eysel P, Bansmann P, Belavý D. T2-relaxation time increases in lumbar intervertebral discs after 21d head-down tilt bed-rest. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2017; 17:140-145. [PMID: 28860415 PMCID: PMC5601258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spaceflight back pain and intervertebral disc (IVD) herniations cause problems in astronauts. Purpose of this study was to assess changes in T2-relaxation-time through MRI measurements before and after head-down tilt bed-rest, a spaceflight analog. METHODS 8 men participated in the bed-rest study. Subjects remained in 6° head down tilt bed-rest in two campaigns of 21 days, and received a nutritional intervention (potassium bicarbonate 90 mmol/d) in a cross-over design. MRI measurements were performed 2 days before bed-rest, as well as one and five days after getting up. Image segmentation and data analysis were conducted for the IVDs Th12/L1 to L5/S1. RESULTS 7 subjects, average age of 27.6 (SD 3.3) years, completed the study. Results showed a significant increase in T2-time in all IVDs (p⟨0.001), more pronounced in the nucleus pulposus than in the annulus fibrosus (p⟨0.001). Oral potassium bicarbonate did not show an effect (p=0.443). Pfirrmann-grade correlated with the T2-time (p⟨0.001). CONCLUSIONS 6° head-down tilt bed-rest leads to a T2-time increase in lumbar IVDs. Oral potassium bicarbonate supplementation does not have an effect on IVD T2-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Koy
- University of Cologne, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - B. Ganse
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany,Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany,Corresponding author: Dr. Bergita Ganse, Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany E-mail:
| | - J. Zange
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Rittweger
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - R. Pohle-Fröhlich
- Hochschule Niederrhein, Institute for Pattern Recognition, Reinarzstraße 49, D-47805 Krefeld, Germany
| | - P. Fings-Meuthen
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - B. Johannes
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Linder Hoehe, D-51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - D. Felsenberg
- Centre for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Eysel
- University of Cologne, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - P.M. Bansmann
- Department of Radiology, Krankenhaus Porz am Rhein, Urbacher Weg 19, D-51149 Cologne, Germany
| | - D.L. Belavý
- Centre for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité University Medicine, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
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5
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Ireland A, Rittweger J. Exercise for osteoporosis: how to navigate between overeagerness and defeatism. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2017; 17:155-161. [PMID: 28860417 PMCID: PMC5601260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and associated fractures remain a common and costly health problem. Public fears about rare side effects of efficacious drug treatments for osteoporosis have contributed to decreased prescription and compliance. Exercise and physical activity-based interventions have long been proposed as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis. However despite compelling evidence from experimental studies in animals and from observational studies in humans, the use of exercise to improve bone mass in clinical practice does not seem to be justifiable by current human interventional studies. In this perspective, we summarise the available evidence in support of exercise on bone mass. We review the modest effects observed in current exercise trials, and propose a number of factors which may contribute to these discrepancies. We also highlight the successful application of exercise to attenuating or even partially reversing bone loss in musculoskeletal disuse. We then propose how collaboration between basic science and clinical partners, and consideration of factors such as exercise modality, exercise intensity and participation motivation could improve exercise efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ireland
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom,Corresponding author: Alex Ireland, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK E-mail:
| | - J. Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), D-51147 Cologne, Germany,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
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6
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Duran I, Schütz F, Hamacher S, Semler O, Stark C, Schulze J, Rittweger J, Schoenau E. The functional muscle-bone unit in children with cerebral palsy. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2081-2093. [PMID: 28365851 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our results suggest that the prevalence of bone health deficits in children with CP was overestimated, when using only age- and height-adjusted bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD). When applying the functional muscle-bone unit diagnostic algorithm (FMBU-A), the prevalence of positive results decreased significantly. We recommend applying the FMBU-A when assessing bone health in children with CP. INTRODUCTION The prevalence of bone health deficits in children with cerebral palsy (CP) might be overestimated because age- and height-adjusted reference percentiles for bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) do not consider reduced muscle activity. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of positive DXA-based indicators for bone health deficits in children with CP to the prevalence of positive findings after applying a functional muscle-bone unit diagnostic algorithm (FMBU-A) considering reduced muscle activity. METHODS The present study was a monocentric retrospective analysis of 297 whole body DXA scans of children with CP. The prevalence of positive results of age- and height-adjusted BMC and aBMD defined as BMC and aBMD below the P3 percentile and of the FMBU-A was calculated. RESULTS In children with CP, the prevalence of positive results of age-adjusted BMC were 33.3% and of aBMD 50.8%. Height-adjusted results for BMC and aBMD were positive in 16.8 and 36.0% of cases. The prevalence of positive results applying the FMBU-A regarding BMC and aBMD were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than using age- and height-adjusted BMC and aBMD (8.8 and 14.8%). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the prevalence of bone health deficits in children with CP was overestimated, when using age- and height-adjusted BMC and aBMD. When applying the FMBU-A, the prevalence decreased significantly. We recommend applying the FMBU-A when assessing bone health in children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Duran
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - F Schütz
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Hamacher
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - O Semler
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - C Stark
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - J Schulze
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - E Schoenau
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Cologne, Lindenburger Allee 44, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Mittag U, Kriechbaumer A, Rittweger J. A novel interpolation approach for the generation of 3D-geometric digital bone models from image stacks. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2017; 17:86-96. [PMID: 28574415 PMCID: PMC5492323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The authors propose a new 3D interpolation algorithm for the generation of digital geometric 3D-models of bones from existing image stacks obtained by peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The technique is based on the interpolation of radial gray value profiles of the pQCT cross sections. The method has been validated by using an ex-vivo human tibia and by comparing interpolated pQCT images with images from scans taken at the same position. A diversity index of ⟨0.4 (1 meaning maximal diversity) even for the structurally complex region of the epiphysis, along with the good agreement of mineral-density-weighted cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), demonstrate the high quality of our interpolation approach. Thus the authors demonstrate that this interpolation scheme can substantially improve the generation of 3D models from sparse scan sets, not only with respect to the outer shape but also with respect to the internal gray-value derived material property distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Mittag
- German Aerospace Center, Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany
| | - A. Kriechbaumer
- German Aerospace Center, Space Administration, Königswinterer Str. 522-524, 53227 Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center, Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Rosenberger A, Beijer Å, Johannes B, Schoenau E, Mester J, Rittweger J, Zange J. Changes in muscle cross-sectional area, muscle force, and jump performance during 6 weeks of progressive whole-body vibration combined with progressive, high intensity resistance training. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2017; 17:38-49. [PMID: 28574410 PMCID: PMC5492318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that progressive whole-body vibration (WBV) superimposed to progressive high intensity resistance training has greater effects on muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle force of leg muscles, and jump performance than progressive high intensity resistance training alone. METHODS Two groups of healthy male subjects performed either 6 weeks of Resistive Vibration Exercise (RVE, squats and heel raises with WBV, n=13) or Resistive Exercise (RE, squats and heel raises without WBV, n=13). Squats under RVE required indispensable weight loading on the forefoot to damp harmful vibrations to the head. Time, intervention, and interaction effects were analyzed. RESULTS After 6 weeks of training, knee extensor CSA, isometric knee extension force, and counter movement jump height increased equally in both groups (time effect, P⟨0.001, P≤0.02, and P≤0.03, respectively), whereas only in RVE ankle plantar flexor CSA and isometric ankle plantar flexion force reached significance or a tendency, respectively, (time effect, P=0.015 and P=0.069, respectively; intervention effect also for the latter, P=0.006). Drop jump contact time did significantly more improve in RVE (interaction effect, P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS RVE showed better training effects than RE only in plantar flexor muscles. RVE seems to be suitable in professional sports with a special focus on calf muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rosenberger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany,Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, The German Research Center of Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Corresponding author: André Rosenberger, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR e.V., Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany E-mail:
| | - Å. Beijer
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany,German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - B. Johannes
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - E. Schoenau
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Mester
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, The German Research Center of Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J. Zange
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany,Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Gerlach DA, Schopen K, Linz P, Johannes B, Titze J, Zange J, Rittweger J. Atrophy of calf muscles by unloading results in an increase of tissue sodium concentration and fat fraction decrease: a 23Na MRI physiology study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1585-1595. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Buehlmeier J, Frings-Meuthen P, Mohorko N, Lau P, Mazzucco S, Ferretti J, Biolo G, Pisot R, Simunic B, Rittweger J. Markers of bone metabolism during 14 days of bed rest in young and older men. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2017; 17:399-408. [PMID: 28250244 PMCID: PMC5383768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed at comparing markers of bone metabolism during unloading in young and older men, and to assess countermeasure effectiveness. METHODS 16 older (60±2 years) and 8 younger men (23±3 years) underwent bed rest (BR) for 14 days. A subgroup of the Older performed cognitive training during BR and supplemented protein and potassium bicarbonate afterwards. Biochemical markers of bone and calcium/phosphate metabolism were assessed. RESULTS At baseline urinary NTX and CTX were greater in younger than in older subjects (P<0.001), but increased during BR (P<0.001) by a similar amount (P>0.17). P1NP was greater in young than in older subjects (P<0.001) and decreased during BR in the Young (P<0.001). Sclerostin increased during BR across groups (P=0.016). No systematic effects of the countermeasure were observed. CONCLUSION In men, older age did not affect control of bone metabolism, but bone turnover was reduced. During BR formation markers were reduced only in younger men whereas resorption markers increased to a comparable extent. Thus, we assume that older men are not at an elevated, and possibly even at a reduced risk to lose bone when immobilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Buehlmeier
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Germany,Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany
| | - P. Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany
| | - N. Mohorko
- University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Slovenia
| | - P. Lau
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany
| | - S. Mazzucco
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University Trieste, Italy
| | - J.L. Ferretti
- National University of Rosario, Center of P-Ca metabolism studies (CEMFoC), Argentina
| | - G. Biolo
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University Trieste, Italy
| | - R. Pisot
- University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Slovenia
| | - B. Simunic
- University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Slovenia
| | - J. Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany,Corresponding author: Jörn Rittweger, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, 51147 Cologne, Germany E-mail:
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Ireland A, Capozza RF, Cointry GR, Nocciolino L, Ferretti JL, Rittweger J. Meagre effects of disuse on the human fibula are not explained by bone size or geometry. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:633-641. [PMID: 27734100 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibula response to disuse is unknown; we assessed fibula bone in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients and able-bodied counterparts. Group differences were smaller than in the neighbouring tibia which could not be explained by bone geometry. Differential adaptation of the shank bones may indicate previously unknown mechanoadaptive behaviours of bone. INTRODUCTION The fibula supports only a small and highly variable proportion of shank compressive load (-8 to +19 %), and little is known about other kinds of stresses. Hence, whilst effects of habitual loading on tibia are well-known, fibula response to disuse is difficult to predict. METHODS Therefore, we assessed fibular bone strength using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at 5 % increments from 5 to 90 % distal-proximal tibia length in nine participants with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI; age 39.2 ± 6.2 years, time since injury 17.8 ± 7.4 years), representing a cross-sectional model of long-term disuse and in nine able-bodied counterparts of similar age (39.6 ± 7.8 years), height and mass. RESULTS There was no group difference in diaphyseal fibula total bone mineral content (BMC) (P = 0.22, 95 % CIs -7.4 % to -13.4 % and +10.9 % to +19.2 %). Site by group interactions (P < 0.001) revealed 27 and 22 % lower BMC in SCI at 5 and 90 % (epiphyseal) sites only. Cortical bone geometry differed at mid and distal diaphysis, with lower endocortical circumference and greater cortical thickness in SCI than able-bodied participants in this region only (interactions both P < 0.01). Tibia bone strength was also assessed; bone by group interactions showed smaller group differences in fibula than tibia for all bone parameters, with opposing effects on distal diaphysis geometry in the two bones (all Ps < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the structure of the fibula diaphysis is not heavily influenced by compressive loading, and only mid and distal diaphysis are influenced by bending and/or torsional loads. The fibula is less influenced by disuse than the tibia, which cannot satisfactorily be explained by differences in bone geometry or relative changes in habitual loading in disuse. Biomechanical study of the shank loading environment may give new information pertaining to factors influencing bone mechanoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ireland
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
| | - R F Capozza
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - G R Cointry
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Nocciolino
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - J L Ferretti
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - J Rittweger
- Division of Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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12
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Keijsers JMT, Leguy CAD, Huberts W, Narracott AJ, Rittweger J, Vosse FNVD. Global sensitivity analysis of a model for venous valve dynamics. J Biomech 2016; 49:2845-2853. [PMID: 27457428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic venous disease is defined as dysfunction of the venous system caused by incompetent venous valves with or without a proximal venous obstruction. Assessing the severity of the disease is challenging, since venous function is determined by various interacting hemodynamic factors. Mathematical models can relate these factors using physical laws and can thereby aid understanding of venous (patho-)physiology. To eventually use a mathematical model to support clinical decision making, first the model sensitivity needs to be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of the venous valve model outputs to the relevant input parameters. Using a 1D pulse wave propagation model of the tibial vein including a venous valve, valve dynamics under head up tilt are simulated. A variance-based sensitivity analysis is performed based on generalized polynomial chaos expansion. Taking a global approach, individual parameter importance on the valve dynamics as well as importance of their interactions is determined. For the output related to opening state of the valve, the opening/closing pressure drop (dpvalve,0) is found to be the most important parameter. The venous radius (rvein,0) is related to venous filling volume and is consequently most important for the output describing venous filling time. Finally, it is concluded that improved assessment of rvein,0 and dpvalve,0 is most rewarding when simulating valve dynamics, as this results in the largest reduction in output uncertainty. In practice, this could be achieved using ultrasound imaging of the veins and fluid structure interaction simulations to characterize detailed valve dynamics, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M T Keijsers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.
| | - C A D Leguy
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - W Huberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A J Narracott
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - J Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - F N van de Vosse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Capelli C, Rittweger J, Bruseghini P, Calabria E, Tam E. Erratum to: Maximal aerobic power and anaerobic capacity in cycling across the age spectrum in male master athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1857. [PMID: 27443550 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Capelli
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. .,Department of Physical Performances, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Bruseghini
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Calabria
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Tam
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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14
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Clément G, Paloski WH, Rittweger J, Linnarsson D, Bareille MP, Mulder E, Wuyts FL, Zange J. Centrifugation as a countermeasure during bed rest and dry immersion: What has been learned? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2016; 16:84-91. [PMID: 27282452 PMCID: PMC5114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We review the studies that have evaluated intermittent short-radius centrifugation as a potential countermeasure for cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and sensorimotor deconditioning in simulated weightlessness. METHODS The findings from 18 experimental protocols that have used bed rest and dry immersion for comparing the protective effects of centrifugation versus standing upright or walking, and the effects of continuous vs. periodic exposure to centrifugation are discussed. RESULTS Centrifugation for as little as 30 min per day was found to be effective in mitigating orthostatic intolerance and strength in postural muscle after 5 days of bed rest, but it was not effective in mitigating plasma volume loss. CONCLUSION To determine the optimal prescription for centrifugation as a countermeasure, we recommend further studies using (a) bed rest of longer duration, (b) individualized prescriptions of centrifugation combined with exercise, and
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Affiliation(s)
- G Clément
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Bron, France
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15
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Meijer JP, Jaspers RT, Rittweger J, Seynnes OR, Kamandulis S, Brazaitis M, Skurvydas A, Pišot R, Šimunič B, Narici MV, Degens H. Single muscle fibre contractile properties differ between body-builders, power athletes and control subjects. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:1331-41. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Meijer
- School of Healthcare Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester UK
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - R. T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine and Space Physiology; Cologne Germany
| | | | - S. Kamandulis
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - M. Brazaitis
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - A. Skurvydas
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - R. Pišot
- Institute of Kinesiology Research; University of Primorska; Koper Slovenia
| | - B. Šimunič
- Institute of Kinesiology Research; University of Primorska; Koper Slovenia
| | | | - H. Degens
- School of Healthcare Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Manchester UK
- Sports Science and Innovation Institute; Lithuanian Sports University; Kaunas Lithuania
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16
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Keijsers JMT, Leguy CAD, Huberts W, Narracott AJ, Rittweger J, van de Vosse FN. A 1D pulse wave propagation model of the hemodynamics of calf muscle pump function. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2015; 31:e02716. [PMID: 25766693 PMCID: PMC4676919 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The calf muscle pump is a mechanism which increases venous return and thereby compensates for the fluid shift towards the lower body during standing. During a muscle contraction, the embedded deep veins collapse and venous return increases. In the subsequent relaxation phase, muscle perfusion increases due to increased perfusion pressure, as the proximal venous valves temporarily reduce the distal venous pressure (shielding). The superficial and deep veins are connected via perforators, which contain valves allowing flow in the superficial-to-deep direction. The aim of this study is to investigate and quantify the physiological mechanisms of the calf muscle pump, including the effect of venous valves, hydrostatic pressure, and the superficial venous system. Using a one-dimensional pulse wave propagation model, a muscle contraction is simulated by increasing the extravascular pressure in the deep venous segments. The hemodynamics are studied in three different configurations: a single artery-vein configuration with and without valves and a more detailed configuration including a superficial vein. Proximal venous valves increase effective venous return by 53% by preventing reflux. Furthermore, the proximal valves shielding function increases perfusion following contraction. Finally, the superficial system aids in maintaining the perfusion during the contraction phase and reduces the refilling time by 37%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M T Keijsers
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace CenterCologne, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C A D Leguy
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace CenterCologne, Germany
| | - W Huberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A J Narracott
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - J Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace CenterCologne, Germany
| | - F N van de Vosse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, The Netherlands
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17
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Mittag U, Kriechbaumer A, Bartsch M, Rittweger J. Form follows function: a computational simulation exercise on bone shape forming and conservation. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2015; 15:215-26. [PMID: 26032215 PMCID: PMC5133726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present paper explores whether the shape of long bone shafts can be explained as a mere result of mechano-adapation. A computer simulation study was conducted in order to investigate adaptation processes of bone-like structures under load patterns comparable to those acting on the diaphysis of long bones. The aim of the study was to have a deeper look into the relationship between typical loading patterns and resulting bone shape and structure. The simulations are based on a mechanistic model approach for mechano-transduction and bone transformation. Results of the simulations are that axial torsion around the long axis is important for the evolvement and maintenance of tube-like structures. Of note such structures can form from a variety of starting geometries, provided that axial torsion is present. The selection of the set-point parameter for the regulation of load adapted bone transformation has an impact on the final structure as well. In conclusion, the present study confirms the mechanical environment's potential to generate shaft-like structures and demonstrates the respective boundary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Mittag
- German Aerospace Center, Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany,Corresponding author: Dr. Uwe Mittag, German Aerospace Center, Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany E-mail:
| | - A. Kriechbaumer
- German Aerospace Center, Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany
| | - M. Bartsch
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany
| | - J. Rittweger
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Materials Research, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany,Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Reina P, Cointry G, Nocciolino L, Feldman S, Ferretti J, Rittweger J, Capozza R. Analysis of the independent power of age-related, anthropometric and mechanical factors as determinants of the structure of radius and tibia in normal adults. A pQCT study. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2015; 15:10-22. [PMID: 25730648 PMCID: PMC5123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To compare the independent influence of mechanical and non-mechanical factors on bone features, multiple regression analyses were performed between pQCT indicators of radius and tibia bone mass, mineralization, design and strength as determined variables, and age or time since menopause (TMP), body mass, bone length and regional muscles' areas as selected determinant factors, in Caucasian, physically active, untrained healthy men and pre- and post-menopausal women. In men and pre-menopausal women, the strongest influences were exerted by muscle area on radial features and by both muscle area and bone length on the tibia. Only for women, was body mass a significant factor for tibia traits. In men and pre-menopausal women, mass/design/strength indicators depended more strongly on the selected determinants than the cortical vBMD did (p<0.01-0.001 vs n.s.), regardless of age. However, TMP was an additional factor for both bones (p<0.01-0.001). The selected mechanical factors (muscle size, bone lengths) were more relevant than age/TMP or body weight to the development of allometrically-related bone properties (mass/design/strength), yet not to bone tissue 'quality' (cortical vBMD), suggesting a determinant, rather than determined role for cortical stiffness. While the mechanical impacts of muscles and bone levers on bone structure were comparable in men and pre-menopausal women, TMP exerted a stronger impact than allometric or mechanical factors on bone properties, including cortical vBMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Reina
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario (UNR), Argentine
| | - G.R. Cointry
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario (UNR), Argentine
| | - L. Nocciolino
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario (UNR), Argentine
| | - S. Feldman
- LABOATEM, Faculty of Medicine, UNR, Rosario
| | - J.L. Ferretti
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario (UNR), Argentine,Corresponding author: Dr. Ferretti, Jose Juan B Justo 1427 Rosario Santa Fe Argentina, 2000 E-mail:
| | - J. Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Space Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - R.F. Capozza
- Center of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), National University of Rosario (UNR), Argentine
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19
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Clément G, Bareille M, Goel R, Linnarsson D, Mulder E, Paloski W, Rittweger J, Wuyts F, Zange J. Effects of five days of bed rest with intermittent centrifugation on neurovestibular function. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2015; 15:60-8. [PMID: 25730653 PMCID: PMC5123609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested whether intermittent short-radius centrifugation was effective for mitigating alteration in balance and gait following bed rest. METHODS Ten male subjects were exposed to 5 days of 6° head-down tilt bed rest with: (a) no countermeasure; (b) daily 1-g centrifugation for a continuous 30-min period; and (c) daily 1-g centrifugation for six periods of 5 min. During and after the bed rest, subjects were asked to scale the severity of neurovestibular symptoms that followed centrifugation or 80° head-up tilt. Following the bed rest, equilibrium scores were derived from anterior-posterior sway while standing on a foam pad with the eyes open or closed while making pitch head movements, and gait was evaluated by grading subjects' performance during various locomotion tasks. RESULTS At the beginning of bed rest, one single 30-min period of centrifugation induced more severe neurovestibular symptoms than six periods of 5-min centrifugation. After bed rest, although equilibrium scores and gait performance were not significantly altered, subjects felt less neurovestibular dysfunction with orthostatic stress when centrifugation was used. CONCLUSION Centrifugation was effective at reducing the severity of neurovestibular symptoms after bed rest, but this decrease was not different between one or multiple daily sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Clément
- International Space University, Strasbourg, France,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Bron, France,Corresponding author: Dr. Gilles Clément, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Impact Team, 16 Avenue Doyen Lépine, 69676 Bron Cedex, France E-mail:
| | - M.P. Bareille
- Institute of Space Physiology and Medicine (MEDES), Toulouse, France
| | - R. Goel
- University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D. Linnarsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - J. Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - J. Zange
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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20
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Blottner D, Bosutti A, Degens H, Schiffl G, Gutsmann M, Buehlmeier J, Rittweger J, Ganse B, Heer M, Salanova M. Whey protein plus bicarbonate supplement has little effects on structural atrophy and proteolysis marker immunopatterns in skeletal muscle disuse during 21 days of bed rest. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014; 14:432-444. [PMID: 25524969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of whey protein plus potassium bicarbonate supplement on disused skeletal muscle structure and proteolysis after bed rest (BR). METHODS Soleus (SOL) and vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies were sampled from ten (n=10) healthy male subjects (aged 31±6 years) who did BR once with and once without protein supplement as a dietary countermeasure (cross-over study design). The structural changes (myofibre size and type distribution) were analysed by histological sections, and muscle protein breakdown indirectly via the proteolysis markers, calpain 1 and 3, calpastatin, MuRF1 and 2, both in muscle homogenates and by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS BR caused size-changes in myofiber cross-sectional area (FCSA, SOL, p=0,004; VL, p=0.03), and myofiber slow-to-fast type transition with increased hybrids (SOL, p=0.043; VL, p=0.037) however with campaign differences in SOL (p<0.033). No significant effect of BR and supplement was found by any of the key proteolysis markers. CONCLUSIONS Campaign differences in structural muscle adaptation may be an issue in cross-over design BR studies. The whey protein plus potassium bicarbonate supplement did not attenuate atrophy and fibre type transition during medium term bed rest. Alkaline whey protein supplements may however be beneficial as adjuncts to exercise countermeasures in disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blottner
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy
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21
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Mulder E, Linnarsson D, Paloski WH, Rittweger J, Wuyts FL, Zange J, Clément G. Effects of five days of bed rest with and without exercise countermeasure on postural stability and gait. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014; 14:359-366. [PMID: 25198232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested whether intermittent standing or a combination of heel raising, squatting and hopping exercises was sufficient to prevent alteration in balance and gait following a 5-day bed rest. METHODS This cross-over design study was performed with 10 male subjects during 6° head down tilt: (a) with no countermeasure; (b) while standing 25 min per day; (c) during locomotion-like activities 25 min per day. Gait was evaluated by grading subjects' performance during various locomotion tasks. Equilibrium scores were derived from peak-to-peak anterior-posterior sway while standing on a foam pad with the eyes open or closed or while making pitch head movements. RESULTS When no countermeasure was used, head movements led to decreased postural stability and increased incidence of falls immediately after bed rest compared to before. When upright standing or locomotion-like exercises were used, postural stability and the incidence of falls were not significantly different after the bed rest from the baseline. CONCLUSION These results indicate that daily 25-min of standing or locomotion-like exercise proves useful against postural instability following a 5-day bed rest. The efficacy of these countermeasures on locomotion could not be evaluated, however, because gait was not found to be altered after a 5-day bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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22
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Yang PFF, Engel K, Sanno M, Dargel J, Wegmann K, Brüggemann GP, Rittweger J. Tibia segment deformation in response to simulated muscle forces: a cadaveric study with a novel optical segment tracking (OST) approach. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014; 14:267-275. [PMID: 25198221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel optical segment tracking (OST) approach reliant upon motion capturing was previously proposed to assess human tibia segment deformation. The purposes of the present study were to validate the OST approach and assess the contribution of muscular forces to the bone deformation in a well-defined ex vivo human model. METHODS A custom-made Lower Extremity Loading Device (LELD) was developed to simulate physiological muscle contractions in six human cadaveric lower extremities. Tibia segment deformation was measured by tracking the relative movement between two marker clusters which were affixed into the proximal and distal tibia, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the physiological norms, the simulated muscle forces remained at a low level. When quadriceps muscle was loaded with forces from 198 N to 505 N, posterior bending (0.12°-0.25°) and lateral bending (0.06°-0.21°) of the tibia segment were found. Large tibia bending angles were found when simulating the co-contraction of upper leg muscles and plantar flexors, and of all leg muscles, respectively. The standard deviations of the deformation angles between the repetitions remained at a low level. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the OST approach has the potential to be applied in vivo and quantify muscle-induced bone deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-F F Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- F Streckmann
- Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Institut für Kreislaufforschung und Sportmedizin (Abt. II)
| | - J Rittweger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin
| | - W Bloch
- Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Institut für Kreislaufforschung und Sportmedizin (Abt. II)
| | - F Baumann
- Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Institut für Kreislaufforschung und Sportmedizin (Abt. II)
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24
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Sun S, Henriksen K, Karsdal MA, Armbrecht G, Belavý DL, Felsenberg D, Rittweger J, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Nedergaard AF. Measurement of a MMP-2 degraded Titin fragment in serum reflects changes in muscle turnover induced by atrophy. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:83-9. [PMID: 25077715 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study we sought to determine whether a Titin peptide fragment can serve as a clinical biomarker for changes in muscle mass. METHODS Mass spectrometry was used to identify Titin fragment in urine. An antibody against this Titin sequence was raised and used to develop a competitive ELISA assay for measurement in serum. Rat tissue extractions in the presence or absence of a series of proteases of interest were used to identify its enzymatic origin. A rat model of dexamethasone (DEX) induced muscle atrophy and a human 56-day bed rest study with and without vibration therapy were used to assess biological and clinical relevance. RESULTS A technically robust ELISA measuring the Titin fragment was developed against a Titin peptide fragment identified in human urine. The fragment was shown to be produced primarily by MMP-2 cleavage of Titin. In the rat muscle DEX induced atrophy model, Titin-MMP2 fragment was decreased in the beginning of DEX treatment, and then significantly increased later on during DEX administration. In the human bed rest study, the Titin-MMP2 fragment was initially decreased 11.9 (±3.7) % after 1day of bed rest, and then gradually increased ending up at a 16.4 (±4.6) % increase at day 47. CONCLUSIONS We developed a robust ELISA measuring a muscle derived MMP-2 generated Titin degradation fragment in rat and human serum. Importantly, the fragment can be measured in serum and that these levels are related to induction of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sun
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - K Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - G Armbrecht
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Free University and Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D L Belavý
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Free University and Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Felsenberg
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Free University and Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Y Wang
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zheng
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Beijing, China
| | - A F Nedergaard
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ganse B, Degens H, Drey M, Korhonen MT, McPhee J, Müller K, Johannes BW, Rittweger J. Impact of age, performance and athletic event on injury rates in master athletics - first results from an ongoing prospective study. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014; 14:148-154. [PMID: 24879018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have identified rates of injuries in young elite athletes during major athletic events. However, no such data exist on master athletes. The aim of this study was to assess incidence and types of injuries during the 2012 European Veteran Athletics Championships as a function of age, performance and athletic discipline. METHODS Report forms were used to identify injured athletes and injury types. Analysis included age (grouped in five-year bands beginning at age 35 years), athletic event, and age-graded performance. RESULTS Of the 3154 athletes (53.2 years (SD 12.3)) that participated in the championships (1004 (31.8%) women, 2150 (68.2%) men), 76 were registered as injured; 2.8% of the female (29), 2.2% of the male (47) athletes. There were no fractures. One injury required operative treatment (Achilles tendon rupture). Injury rates were significantly higher in the sprint/middle distance/jumps than the throws, long distance and decathlon/heptathlon groups (X(2) (3)=16.187, P=0.001). There was no significant interrelationship with age (X(2) (12)=6.495, P=0.889) or age-graded performance (X(2) (3)=3.563, P=0.313). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that healthy master athletes have a low risk of injury that does not increase with age or performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ganse
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
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Ganse B, Yang PF, Brüggemann GP, Müller LP, Rittweger J, Koy T. Reply to the letter to the editor by Liu and Li. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014; 14:245. [PMID: 24879030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Ganse
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
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27
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Ireland A, Maden-Wilkinson T, Ganse B, Degens H, Rittweger J. Effects of age and starting age upon side asymmetry in the arms of veteran tennis players: a cross-sectional study. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:1389-400. [PMID: 24531424 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED While tennis playing results in large bone strength benefits in the racquet arm of young players, the effects of tennis playing in old players have not been investigated. Large side asymmetries in bone strength were found in veteran players, which were more pronounced in men, younger players and childhood starters. INTRODUCTION Regular tennis results in large racquet arm bone and muscle strength advantages; however, these effects have not been studied in old players. The non-racquet arm can act as an internal control for the exercising racquet arm without confounding factors, e.g. genotype. Therefore, veteran tennis player side asymmetries were examined to investigate age, sex and starting age effects on bone exercise benefits. METHODS Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans were taken at the radius, ulna and humerus mid-shaft and distal radius in both arms of 88 tennis players (51 males, 37 females; mean age 63.8 ± 11.8 years). Thirty-two players began playing in adulthood, thereby termed 'old starters'; players were otherwise termed 'young starters'. RESULTS Muscle size and bone strength were greater in the racquet arm; notably, distal radius bone mineral content (BMC) was 13 ± 10% higher and humeral bone area 23 ± 12% larger (both P < 0.001). Epiphyseal BMC asymmetry was not affected by age (P = 0.863) or sex (P = 0.954), but diaphyseal asymmetries were less pronounced in older players and women, particularly in the humerus where BMC, area and moment of resistance asymmetries were 28-34 % less in women (P < 0.01). Bone area and periosteal circumference asymmetries were smaller in old starters (all P < 0.01); most notably, no distal radius asymmetry was found in this group (0.4 ± 3.4%). CONCLUSIONS Tennis participation is associated with large side asymmetries in muscle and bone strength in old age. Larger relative side asymmetries in men, younger players and young starters suggest a greater potential for exercise benefits to bone in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ireland
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK,
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28
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Ganse B, Yang PF, Brüggemann GP, Müller LP, Rittweger J, Koy T. In vivo measurements of human bone deformation using optical segment tracking: surgical approach and validation in a three-point bending test. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014; 14:95-103. [PMID: 24583544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to validate optical segment tracking, a new method for in vivo human tibia deformation measurements and to assess bending in a three-point bending test. The approach relies upon optical motion capturing of reflecting marker clusters affixed to the bone via screws inserted three millimeters into the corticalis in local anesthesia. The method was tested in five healthy subjects. Screws were left in place for six to eight hours and a variety of exercises performed. A pain questionnaire was used to assess pain levels. PQCT-images were taken to locate screw holes in the bone. A three-point bending test was performed and repeatability evaluated. The new method shows good feasibility though this was previously considered impossible by many experts. Local anesthesia works for screw implantation and explantation. Results show linearity with an average of 0.25 degrees per 10 kg of weight applied with good repeatability (average variation coefficient 8%). Optical segment tracking is feasible for human in vivo bone deformation measurements. There is a variety of possible clinical and experimental applications including stability testing of osteosyntheses and joints, monitoring of bone healing, evaluation of exercises in physiotherapy, and assessment of bone deformation patterns in bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ganse
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
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29
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Cointry GR, Ferretti JL, Reina PS, Nocciolino LM, Rittweger J, Capozza RF. The pQCT 'Bone Strength Indices' (BSIs, SSI). Relative mechanical impact and diagnostic value of the indicators of bone tissue and design quality employed in their calculation in healthy men and pre- and post-menopausal women. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014; 14:29-40. [PMID: 24583538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pQCT-assessed Bone Strength Indices (BSI's, SSI) depend on the product of a 'quality' indicator, the cortical vBMD (vCtD), and a 'design' indicator, one of the cross-sectional moments of inertia or related variables (MIs) in long bones. As the MIs vary naturally much more than the vCtD and represent different properties, it could be that the variation of the indices might not reflect the relative mechanical impact of the variation of their determinant factors in different individuals or circumstances. To understand this problem, we determined the vCtD and MI's in tibia scans of 232 healthy men and pre- and post-MP women, expressed in SD of the means calculated for each group, and analyzed the independent influence of 1 SD unit of variation of each factor on that of the indices by multiple correlations. Results showed: 1. that the independent influence of the MIs on the indices was generally larger than that of the vCtD, and 2. that in post-MP women the influence of the vCtD was larger than it was in the other groups. This confirms the view that inter-individual variation of vCtD is comparatively small, and that mechanical competence of human bone is mostly determined by 'design' factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Cointry
- Centre of P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), Faculty of Medicine, National University of Rosario, Argentina
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30
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Mulder E, Frings-Meuthen P, von der Wiesche M, Clément G, Linnarsson D, Paloski WH, Wuyts FL, Zange J, Rittweger J. Study protocol, implementation, and verification of a short versatile upright exercise regime during 5 days of bed rest. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2014; 14:111-123. [PMID: 24583546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work provides a reference for future papers originating from this study by providing basic results on body mass, urine volume, and hemodynamic changes to 5 days of bed rest (BR) and by describing acute cardio-respiratory/mechanographic responses to a short versatile upright exercise battery. METHODS Ten male subjects (mean ± SEM age: 29.4 ± 1.5 years; height: 178.8 ± 1.5 cm; body mass: 77.7 ± 1.5 kg) performed, in random order, 5 days of 6° head-down tilt (HDT) BR with no exercise (CON), or BR with daily 25 minutes of quiet upright standing (STA) or upright locomotion replacement training (LRT). RESULTS Plasma volume, exercise capacity and orthostatic tolerance decreased similarly between interventions following 5 days of BR. Upright heart rate during LRT and STA increased throughout BR; from 137 ± 4 bpm to 146 ± 4 bpm for LRT (P<0.01); and from 90 ± 3 bpm to 102 ± 6 bpm (P<0.001) for STA. CONCLUSION the overall similarity in the response to BR, and increase in upright heart rate during the LRT sessions suggest early and advancing cardiovascular deconditioning during 5 days of BR bed rest, which was not prevented by the versatile exercise regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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31
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Kos O, Hughson RL, Hart DA, Clément G, Frings-Meuthen P, Linnarsson D, Paloski WH, Rittweger J, Wuyts F, Zange J, Gorczynski RM. Elevated serum soluble CD200 and CD200R as surrogate markers of bone loss under bed rest conditions. Bone 2014; 60:33-40. [PMID: 24333170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CD200 is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin family of proteins and is ubiquitously expressed on a variety of cell types. Upon interaction with its receptors (CD200Rs) expressed on myeloid-derived cells and T lymphocytes, an immunoregulatory signal is delivered to receptor-expressing cells. Previous studies have implicated a role for CD200:CD200R in the regulation of the expression of mRNA markers of osteoclastogenesis/osteoblastogenesis, following interaction of CD200 (on osteoblast precursors) with CD200R1 (on osteoclast precursors). Signaling of CD200R1 is hypothesized to attenuate osteoclastogenesis. We have investigated whether levels of soluble forms of CD200 and/or CD200R1 (sCD200, sCD200R1) are altered in volunteers undergoing 6° head down tilt bed rest to mimic conditions of microgravity known to be associated with preferential osteoclastogenesis and whether countermeasures, reported to be beneficial in attenuation of bone loss under microgravity conditions, would lead to altered sCD200 and sCD200R1 levels. Our data suggest that, as predicted, sCD200 levels fall under bed rest conditions while sCD200R1 levels rise. In subjects undergoing 30-minute per day continuous centrifugation protocols, as a countermeasure to attenuate changes which may lead to bone loss, these alterations in sCD200 and sCD200R1 levels seen under conditions of bed rest were abolished or attenuated. Our results suggest that measurement of sCD200 and/or sCD200R1 may prove a useful and rapid means of monitoring subjects at risk of bone loss and/or accessing the efficacy of treatment regimes designed to counter bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kos
- Transplant Research Division, Toronto Hospital and University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
| | - R L Hughson
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo, Research Institute for Aging, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - D A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada.
| | - G Clément
- International Space University, 1 rue Jean-Dominique Cassini, Illkirch-Graffenstaden F-67400, France.
| | - P Frings-Meuthen
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, Cologne D-51147, Germany.
| | - D Linnarsson
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden.
| | - W H Paloski
- University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Rm 104, Garrison Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
| | - J Rittweger
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, Cologne D-51147, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - F Wuyts
- Antwerp University Research Centre for Equilibrium and Aerospace, Middelheimcampus G.U.336, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen B-2020, Belgium.
| | - J Zange
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, Cologne D-51147, Germany.
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Transplant Research Division, Toronto Hospital and University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
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Maden-Wilkinson TM, McPhee JS, Rittweger J, Jones DA, Degens H. Thigh muscle volume in relation to age, sex and femur volume. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:383-393. [PMID: 23934008 PMCID: PMC3889894 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Secular changes and intra-individual differences in body shape and size can confound cross-sectional studies of muscle ageing. Normalising muscle mass to height squared is often suggested as a solution for this. We hypothesised that normalisation of muscle volume to femur volume may be a better way of determining the extent of muscle lost with ageing (sarcopenia). Thigh and femur muscle volumes were measured from serial magnetic resonance imaging sections in 20 recreationally active young men (mean age 22.4 years), 25 older men (72.3 years), 18 young women (22.1 years) and 28 older women (72.0 years). There were no age-related differences in femur volume. The relationship between thigh muscle volume and femur volume (R (2) = 0.76; exponent of 1.12; P < 0.01) was stronger than that with height (R (2) = 0.49; exponent of 3.86; P < 0.01) in young participants. For young subjects, the mean muscle/bone ratios were 16.0 and 14.6 for men and women, respectively. For older men and women, the mean ratios were 11.6 and 11.5, respectively. The Z score for the thigh muscle/bone volume ratio relative to young subjects was -2.2 ± 0.7 for older men and -1.4 ± 0.8 for older women. The extent of sarcopenia judged by the muscle/bone ratio was approximately twice that determined when normalising to height squared. These data suggest that the muscle/bone ratio captures the intra-individual loss of muscle mass during ageing, and that the age-related loss of muscle mass may be underestimated when normalised to height squared. The quadriceps seems relatively more affected by ageing than other thigh muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Maden-Wilkinson
- />Institute for Research into Human Movement and Health, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5GD UK
| | - J. S. McPhee
- />Institute for Research into Human Movement and Health, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5GD UK
| | - J. Rittweger
- />Institute for Research into Human Movement and Health, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5GD UK
- />Division of Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre, Cologne, Germany
| | - D. A. Jones
- />Institute for Research into Human Movement and Health, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5GD UK
| | - H. Degens
- />Institute for Research into Human Movement and Health, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5GD UK
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Weber T, Ducos M, Yang P, Jos D, Frings-Meuthen P, Brüggemann GP, Bloch W, Rittweger J. The HEPHAISTOS study: compliance and adherence with a novel orthotic device for calf muscle unloading. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2013; 13:487-495. [PMID: 24292619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present manuscript seeks to discuss methodological aspects regarding the application of the novel unloading orthosis 'HEPHAISTOS' that has been specifically developed to study physiological effects of muscular unloading without altering the impact of gravitational loading. The 'HEPHAISTOS' has been applied in an ambulatory clinical interventional study. During gait, the 'HEPHAISTOS' significantly reduces activation and force production of calf muscles while it completely retains body mass-related force on the tibia. Eleven healthy male subjects participated in the study and followed their normal everyday lives while wearing the orthosis. Several measurement sessions have been performed to investigate the time course of structural and functional adaptations during intervention and recovery. Follow-up measurements were performed for one year after the intervention. In consideration of the experiences of a unique ambulant unloading study, organizational and methodological recommendations are discussed in this manuscript. Activity monitoring data obtained with portable accelerometers reveal unchanged gait activities and good subject compliance throughout the intervention. Moreover, electromyography (EMG) and motion data investigating gait properties on reambulation day are illustrated. These data show that during the initial steps following removal of 'HEPHAISTOS', gait was significantly asynchronous indicating an acutely altered motor control in the unloaded lower leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Weber
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Space Physiology, Cologne, Germany
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Gast U, Belavý DL, Armbrecht G, Kusy K, Lexy H, Rawer R, Rittweger J, Winwood K, Zieliński J, Felsenberg D. Bone density and neuromuscular function in older competitive athletes depend on running distance. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2033-42. [PMID: 23242430 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Individuals who are involved in explosive sport types, such as 100-m sprints and long jump, have greater bone density, leg muscle size, jumping height and grip strength than individuals involved in long-distance running. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between different types of physical activity with bone, lean mass and neuromuscular performance in older individuals. METHODS We examined short- (n = 50), middle- (n = 19) and long-distance (n = 109) athletes at the 15th European Masters Championships in Poznań, Poland. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and lean tissue mass. Maximal countermovement jump, multiple one-leg hopping and maximal grip force tests were performed. RESULTS Short-distance athletes showed significantly higher aBMD at the legs, hip, lumbar spine and trunk compared to long-distance athletes (p ≤ 0.0012). Countermovement jump performance, hop force, grip force, leg lean mass and arm lean mass were greater in short-distance athletes (p ≤ 0.027). A similar pattern was seen in middle-distance athletes who typically showed higher aBMD and better neuromuscular performance than long-distance athletes, but lower in magnitude than short-distance athletes. In all athletes, aBMD was the same or higher than the expected age-adjusted population mean at the lumbar spine, hip and whole body. This effect was greater in the short- and middle-distance athletes. CONCLUSIONS The stepwise relation between short-, middle- and long-distance athletes on bone suggests that the higher-impact loading protocols in short-distance disciplines are more effective in promoting aBMD. The regional effect on bone, with the differences between the groups being most marked at load-bearing regions (legs, hip, spine and trunk) rather than non-load-bearing regions, is further evidence in support of the idea that bone adaptation to exercise is dependent upon the local loading environment, rather than as part of a systemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gast
- Centre for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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Degens H, Rittweger J, Parviainen T, Timonen KL, Suominen H, Heinonen A, Korhonen MT. Diffusion capacity of the lung in young and old endurance athletes. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34:1051-7. [PMID: 23771831 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung diffusion capacity (D LCO) declines with age. A significant proportion of older endurance athletes develop exercise-induced hypoxemia (SaO2<95%). We hypothesised that master endurance athletes have a lower D LCO than age-matched non-athletes. We recruited 33 control (16 young; 17 old) and 29 male endurance athletes (13 young; 16 old) during the World Masters Athletics Indoor Championships, 2012 (Jyväskylä, Finland). To measure D LCO the participant exhaled to residual volume and then quickly inhaled to ≥ 90% total lung capacity from a gas source with 0.3% carbon monoxide. The D LCO and transfer coefficient (K CO) were corrected for the actual haemoglobin concentration. Spirometric function was similar in athletes and age-matched controls. D LCO and K CO were 33% and 25% lower in old and young controls, respectively (P<0.001). Although predicted D LCO and K CO were 11%-points higher in athletes than age-matched controls (P<0.001), they were 23% and 16% lower in old athletes than young controls, respectively (P<0.001). D LCO did not correlate with age-graded performance or weekly training hours. The better lung diffusion capacity in male endurance athletes than age-matched controls might be an adaptation to training, self-selection and/or attrition bias. However, the diffusion capacity of the older athlete is lower than that of the young non-athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Degens
- Institute for Biophysical and Clinical Research into Human Movement, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Beijer Å, Rosenberger A, Weber T, Zange J, May F, Schoenau E, Mester J, Bloch W, Rittweger J. Randomized controlled study on resistive vibration exercise (EVE study): protocol, implementation and feasibility. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2013; 13:147-156. [PMID: 23728101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A training intervention comparing resistance exercise with or without whole-body vibration (WBV) was conducted to compare acute and chronic effects on functional and molecular parameters. METHODS A six-week training intervention was performed including 26 healthy males (26 years, SD=4). Two groups were analyzed in a parallel design performing either resistive exercise (RE, n=13) or resistive vibration exercise (RVE, n=13) training with weekly increasing vibration frequencies (20-40Hz). Resting and exercising blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after the 6-week intervention. RESULTS Both training interventions decreased resting systolic blood pressure (P=0.003). Resting diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased only in the RVE group (P=0.01). Exercising diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased during the final training (P<0.001) with no additional effect of superimposed vibrations. Resistance exercise with superimposed vibrations evoked back pain to a higher degree than resistance exercise alone when training at frequencies above 30Hz (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest positive effects of resistance exercise upon cardiovascular health and vascular responsiveness and a further beneficial effect of superimposed vibrations in decreasing resting diastolic blood pressure. Finally, development of back pain may be fostered by superimposed vibrations to high training loads, particularly at higher frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Å Beijer
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine and Space Physiology, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
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Capozza RF, Rittweger J, Reina PS, Mortarino P, Nocciolino LM, Feldman S, Ferretti JL, Cointry GR. pQCT-assessed relationships between diaphyseal design and cortical bone mass and density in the tibiae of healthy sedentary and trained men and women. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2013; 13:195-205. [PMID: 23728106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In a pQCT study of running-trained and untrained men and women we had shown that bone mass distribution along the tibia was adapted to the usage-derived stress pattern. To study the possible association between the efficiency of diaphyseal design and bone material stiffness, we extend the analysis of the same sample to correlate pQCT indicators of the distribution (CSMIs), mass (BMC), and density (vBMD) of cortical bone tissue as descriptors of "distribution/mass" (d/m) or "distribution/quality" (d/q) relationships. The d/m and d/c curves followed positive (exponential) and negative (hyperbolic-like) equations, respectively. Distribution curves of r coefficients throughout the bone were all bell-shaped, reaching a maximum towards the mid-diaphysis. The CSMIs and BMC were higher, and vBMD was lower in men than women and in runners than non-runners. The d/m relationships were described by unique curves for all groups while d/q relationships were better adjusted to separate curves for men and women. Results support that: 1. diaphyseal design reflects the relative influence of bending/torsion stress along the bones, tending to minimize bone mass; 2. there is a trade-off between cortical bone "quality" and distribution; 3. d/m and d/q relationships are related to bone mechanical environment, and 4. d/q relationships are affected by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Capozza
- Center for P-Ca Metabolism Studies (CEMFoC), Natl Univ of Rosario, Argentina
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Frings-Meuthen P, Boehme G, Liphardt AM, Baecker N, Heer M, Rittweger J. Sclerostin and DKK1 levels during 14 and 21 days of bed rest in healthy young men. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2013; 13:45-52. [PMID: 23445914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Wnt signaling pathway may be crucial in the pathogenesis of disuse-induced bone loss. Sclerostin and DKK1, antagonists of the Wnt signaling pathway, were assessed during immobilization by bed rest in young, healthy people. METHODS Two bed rest studies were conducted at the German Aerospace Center in Cologne. 14 days of 6° head-down-tilt bed rest were applied to eight healthy young male test subjects in study 1 and 21 days of head-down-tilt bed rest to seven healthy male subjects in study 2. RESULTS Sclerostin levels increased in both studies during bed rest (study 1, 0.64±0.05 ng/ml to 0.69±0.04 ng/ml, P=0.014; study 2, 0.42±0.04 ng/ml to 0.47±0.04 ng/ml, P=0.008) and they declined at the end of the 14- and 21-day bed rest periods. DKK1 decreased during the bed rest period in study 1 (P<0.001) but increased during bed rest in study 2 (P=0.006). As expected, bone formation marker PINP decreased (study 1, P=0.013; study 2, P<0.001) and bone resorption marker NTX increased during bed rest (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Data suggest that the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in disuse-induced bone loss in young, healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Frings-Meuthen
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
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Deere K, Sayers A, Rittweger J, Tobias JH. A cross-sectional study of the relationship between cortical bone and high-impact activity in young adult males and females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:3734-43. [PMID: 22802090 PMCID: PMC3462937 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The factors that govern skeletal responses to physical activity remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether gender or fat mass influences relationships between cortical bone and physical activity, after partitioning accelerometer outputs into low (0.5-2.1 g), medium (2.1-4.2 g), or high (>4.2 g) impacts, where g represents gravitational force. DESIGN/SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. PARTICIPANTS We studied 675 adolescents (272 boys; mean age, 17.7 yr). OUTCOME MEASURES We measured cortical bone parameters from peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans of the mid-tibia, adjusted for height, fat mass, and lean mass. RESULTS High-impact activity was positively associated with periosteal circumference (PC) in males but not females [coefficients (95% confidence intervals), 0.054 (0.007, 0.100) and 0.07 (-0.028, 0.041), respectively; showing sd change per doubling in activity]. There was also weak evidence that medium impacts were positively related to PC in males but not females (P=0.03 for gender interaction). On stratifying by fat mass, the positive relationship between high-impact activity and PC was greatest in those with the highest fat mass [high impact vs. PC in males, 0.01 (-0.064, 0.085), 0.045 (-0.040, 0.131), 0.098 (0.012, 0.185), for lower, middle, and upper fat tertiles, respectively; high impact vs. PC in females, -0.041 (-0.101, 0.020), -0.028 (-0.077, 0.022), 0.082 (0.015, 0.148), P=0.01 for fat mass interaction]. Similar findings were observed for strength parameters, cross-sectional moment of inertia, and strength-strain index. CONCLUSIONS In late adolescence, associations between high-impact activity and PC are attenuated by female gender and low body fat, suggesting that the skeletal response to high-impact activity is particularly reduced in young women with low fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deere
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
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Belavý DL, Seibel MJ, Roth HJ, Armbrecht G, Rittweger J, Felsenberg D. The effects of bed-rest and countermeasure exercise on the endocrine system in male adults: evidence for immobilization-induced reduction in sex hormone-binding globulin levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:54-62. [PMID: 21422800 DOI: 10.3275/7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is limited data on the effects of inactivity (prolonged bed-rest) on parameters of endocrine and metabolic function; we therefore aimed to examine changes in these systems during and after prolonged (56- day) bed-rest in male adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty healthy male subjects underwent 8 weeks of strict bed-rest and 12 months of follow-up as part of the Berlin Bed Rest Study. Subjects were randomized to an inactive group or a group that performed resistive vibration exercise (RVE) during bed-rest. All outcome parameters were measured before, during and after bed-rest. These included body composition (by whole body dual X-ray absorptiometry), SHBG, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), PRL, cortisol (C), TSH and free T3 (FT3). RESULTS Serum SHBG levels decreased in inactive subjects but remained unchanged in the RVE group (p<0.001). Serum T concentrations increased during the first 3 weeks of bed-rest in both groups (p<0.0001), while E2 levels sharply rose with re-mobilization (p<0.0001). Serum PRL decreased in the control group but increased in the RVE group (p=0.021). C levels did not change over time (p≥0.10). TSH increased whilst FT3 decreased during bed-rest (p all ≤0.0013). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged bed-rest has significant effects on parameters of endocrine and metabolic function, some of which are related to, or counteracted by physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Belavý
- Charité University Medical School, Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Berlin, Germany.
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Ireland A, Korhonen M, Heinonen A, Suominen H, Baur C, Stevens S, Degens H, Rittweger J. Side-to-side differences in bone strength in master jumpers and sprinters. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2011; 11:298-305. [PMID: 22130138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated side-to-side difference in tibial bone structure, calf muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and hopping force in master athletes as a result of training for sports with different magnitudes of inter-leg loading difference. METHODS Tibial bone parameters (at 4%, 14%, 38% and 66% tibial length proximal to distal end), muscle CSA (at 66% tibial length) and hopping forces of both legs of 51 master athletes (conditioned jumpers, conditioned triple jumpers, unconditioned jumpers, hurdlers and sprinters) were examined using pQCT. In epiphyseal 4% slice bone CSA (Ar.tot), total BMC (vBMC.tot), trabecular BMC (vBMC.tb) cortical BMC (vBMC.ct), and trabecular BMD (vBMD.tb) were measured. In diaphyseal slices, Ar.tot, vBMC.ct, cortical density (vBMD.ct), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) and calf muscle CSA (MuscA) were examined. RESULTS In conditioned jumpers, side-to-side differences in favour of take-off leg were found in 4% slice in vBMC.tb (+4.1%) (P<0.05). A side-to-side difference was found in 66% slice vBMC.ct and CSMI (both P<0.05), with conditioned jumper (+2.8% and 6.6%) and triple jumper (+2.7% and 7.2%) values higher than other groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest that regular training in high-impact sports with uneven lower limb loading results in side-to-side differences in skeletal adaptation independent of age and gender, suggesting that high-impact exercise is effective in maintaining bone strength throughout human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ireland
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Flueck M, Eyeang-Békalé N, Héraud A, Girard A, Gimpl M, Seynnes OR, Rittweger J, Niebauer J, Mueller E, Narici M. Load-sensitive adhesion factor expression in the elderly with skiing: relation to fiber type and muscle strength. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21 Suppl 1:29-38. [PMID: 21679321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that 12 weeks of downhill skiing mitigates the functional deficits of knee extensor muscles in elderly subjects due to the specific recruitment of fast motor units during forceful turns on the slope. Downhill skiing led to a 1.4-fold increase in the mean cross-sectional area of slow (P=0.04)- and fast (P=0.08)-type muscle fibers. Fold changes in the expression of the structural component of focal adhesions, gamma-vinculin, were correlated with alterations in concentric force (r=0.64). Hypertrophy of fast fibers was more pronounced in women than in men (1.7 vs 1.1). Gender-specific structural-functional adjustments of knee extensor muscles and attached patellar tendon were reflected by altered expression of pro- vs de-adhesive proteins and a number of correlations. The de-adhesive protein tenascin-C was selectively increased in women compared with men (1.7 vs 1.1) while the content of the adhesive collagen XII was specifically reduced in women. The pro-adhesive focal adhesion kinase showed a specific increase in men compared with women (1.9 vs 1.1). Our findings indicate that quantitatively matched adaptations in slow and fast motor units of extensor muscle underlie the preventive effect of skiing against sarcopenia and support that hypertrophy and reinforcement of fiber adhesion operate in the improvement of muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flueck
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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Buehring B, Belavý DL, Michaelis I, Gast U, Felsenberg D, Rittweger J. Changes in lower extremity muscle function after 56 days of bed rest. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:87-94. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01294.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of muscle function, known to decline in microgravity and simulation (bed rest), is important for successful spaceflight missions. Hence, there is great interest in developing interventions to prevent muscle-function loss. In this study, 20 males underwent 56 days of bed rest. Ten volunteers were randomized to do resistive vibration exercise (RVE). The other 10 served as controls. RVE consisted of muscle contractions against resistance and concurrent whole-body vibration. Main outcome parameters were maximal isometric plantar-flexion force (IPFF), electromyography (EMG)/force ratio, as well as jumping power and height. Measurements were obtained before and after bed rest, including a morning and evening assessment on the first day of recovery from bed rest. IPFF (−17.1%), jumping peak power (−24.1%), and height (−28.5%) declined ( P < 0.05) in the control group. There was a trend to EMG/force ratio decrease (−20%; P = 0.051). RVE preserved IPFF and mitigated the decline of countermovement jump performance (peak power −12.2%; height −14.2%). In both groups, IPFF was reduced between the two measurements of the first day of reambulation. This study indicates that bed rest and countermeasure exercises differentially affect the various functions of skeletal muscle. Moreover, the time course during recovery needs to be considered more thoroughly in future studies, as IPFF declined not only with bed rest but also within the first day of reambulation. RVE was effective in maintaining IPFF but only mitigated the decline in jumping performance. More research is needed to develop countermeasures that maintain muscle strength as well as other muscle functions including power.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Buehring
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free and Humboldt Universities, Berlin, Germany
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - D. L. Belavý
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free and Humboldt Universities, Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Michaelis
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free and Humboldt Universities, Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Gast
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free and Humboldt Universities, Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Felsenberg
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free and Humboldt Universities, Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Rittweger
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom; and
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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Narici MV, Flueck M, Koesters A, Gimpl M, Reifberger A, Seynnes OR, Niebauer J, Rittweger J, Mueller E. Skeletal muscle remodeling in response to alpine skiing training in older individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21 Suppl 1:23-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Yang PF, Brüggemann GP, Rittweger J. What do we currently know from in vivo bone strain measurements in humans? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2011; 11:8-20. [PMID: 21364270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bone strains are the most important factors for osteogenic adaptive responses. During the past decades, scientists have been trying to describe the relationship between bone strain and bone osteogenic responses quantitatively. However, only a few studies have examined bone strains under physiological condition in humans, owing to technical difficulty and ethical restrictions. The present paper reviews previous work on in vivo bone strain measurements in humans, and the various methodologies adopted in these measurements are discussed. Several proposals are made for future work to improve our understanding of the human musculoskeletal system. Literature suggests that strains and strain patterns vary systematically in response to different locomotive activities, foot wear, and even different venues. The principal compressive, tension and engineering shear strain, compressive strain rate and shear strain rate in the tibia during running seem to be higher than those during walking. The high impact exercises, such as zig-zag hopping and basketball rebounding induced greater principal strains and strain rates in the tibia than normal activities. Also, evidence suggests an increase of tibia strain and strain rate after muscle fatigue, which strongly supports the opinion that muscle contractions play a role on the alteration of bone strain patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Yang
- Division Space Physiology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.
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Testerink J, Degens H, Rittweger J, Shiraishi A, Jaspers RT, de Haan A. Effects of alfacalcidol on the contractile properties of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle in adult and old rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 62:111-118. [PMID: 21451216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with muscle weakness. It is unknown, however, how supra-physiological levels of vitamin D affect skeletal muscle. To investigate the effects of increased serum vitamin D (1,25 (OH)₂D₃ or 1,25D) levels on the contractile properties of the medial gastrocnemius muscle, adult and old female Fischer₃₄₄ x Brown Norway F1 rats were orally treated with vehicle or the vitamin D analogue alfacalcidol for 1 or 6 weeks. Alfacalcidol treatment resulted in elevated 1,25D serum levels. This was accompanied by hypercalcaemia and a reduction in body mass, the latter largely attributable to a reduced food intake. However, kidney function, as reflected by normal creatinine serum levels, as well as heart mass were unaffected. The 17% reduction in maximal isometric force and power was explicable by a similar loss of muscle mass. The force-frequency relationship of the 6-week-treated old rats was shifted to the left, but neither the shape of the force-velocity relationship nor the fatigability of the muscle were altered. Supra-physiological doses of vitamin D were accompanied by significant reductions in body and muscle mass, but not by an improvement in muscle functioning. Weight loss was largely due to a reduced food intake, while the left shift in the force-frequency relation may be due to increased 1,25D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Testerink
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Degens H, Rittweger J. What is new in musculoskeletal interactions? Muscle oxygenation, myonuclear domain, acupuncture, titin and phosphate. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2010; 10:245-248. [PMID: 21116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Gilliver SF, Jones DA, Rittweger J, Degens H. Effects of oxidation on the power of chemically skinned rat soleus fibres. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2010; 10:267-273. [PMID: 21116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation alters calcium sensitivity, and decreases maximum isometric force (Po) and shortening velocity (Vmax) of single muscle fibres. To examine the effect of oxidation on the curvature of the force-velocity relationship, which determines muscle power in addition to Po and Vmax, skinned rat type I fibres were maximally activated at 15°C in a solution with pCa 4.5 and subjected to isotonic contractions before and after 4-min incubation in 50 mM H₂O₂ (n=10) or normal relaxing solution (n=3). In five oxidised and four control fibres the rate of force redevelopment (ktr), following a rapid release and re-stretch, was measured. This gives a measure of the sum of the rate constants for cross-bridge attachment (f) and detachment (g₁): (f+g₁). H₂O₂ reduced Po, Vmax and ktr by 19%, 21% and 24% respectively (P<0.001), while the shape of the force-velocity relationship was unchanged. Fitting data to the Huxley cross-bridge model suggested that oxidation decreased both the rate constant for cross-bridge attachment (f), and detachment of negatively strained cross-bridges (g₂), similar to the effect of reduced activation. This suggests that oxidative modification is a possible cause of the variation in contractile properties between muscle fibres of the same type.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Gilliver
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M5 1GD, UK
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Belavý DL, Miokovic T, Rittweger J, Felsenberg D. Estimation of changes in volume of individual lower-limb muscles using magnetic resonance imaging (during bed-rest). Physiol Meas 2010; 32:35-50. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/32/1/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gilliver SF, Degens H, Rittweger J, Jones DA. Effects of submaximal activation on the determinants of power of chemically skinned rat soleus fibres. Exp Physiol 2010; 96:171-8. [PMID: 20889604 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.054239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the activating calcium concentration with skinned fibres is known to decrease isometric force and maximal shortening velocity, both of which will reduce the peak power. However, power is also a function of the curvature of the force-velocity relationship, and there is limited information on how changes in activating calcium affect this important property of muscle fibres. Force-velocity relationships of permeabilized single type I fibres from rat soleus muscle were determined using isotonic contractions at 15°C with both maximal (pCa 4.5) and submaximal activation (pCa 5.6). The rate of tension redevelopment (k(tr)), which provides a measure of sum of the apparent rate constants for cross-bridge attachment and detachment (f(app) + g(app)) following a rapid release and restretch, was also measured. Compared with pCa 4.5, specific tension (P(o)) at pCa 5.6 declined by 22 ± 8% (mean ± s.d.) and the maximal velocity of shortening (V(max)) fell by 44 ± 7%, but curvature of the force-velocity relationship (a/P(o)) rose by 47 ± 31%, indicating a less concave relationship. The value of k(tr) declined by 23 ± 7%. The change in a/P(o) reduced the impact of changes in P(o) and V(max) on peak power by approximately 25%. Fitting the data to Huxley's model of cross-bridge action suggests that lower activating calcium decreased both the rate constant for cross-bridge attachment (f) and that for detachment of negatively strained cross-bridges (g(2)). The fact that V(max) (and thus g(2)) changed to a greater extent than k(tr) (f(app) + g(app)) is the reason that reduced activation results in a reduction in curvature of the force-velocity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Gilliver
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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