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Patrician PA, Travis JR, Blackburn C, Carter JL, Hall AG, Meese KA, Miltner RS, Montgomery AP, Stewart J, Ruffin A, Morson DM, Polancich S. Workforce Engagement for Compassionate Advocacy, Resilience, and Empowerment (WE CARE): An Evidence-Based Wellness Program. Nurs Adm Q 2024; 48:165-179. [PMID: 38564727 DOI: 10.1097/naq.0000000000000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Poor well-being and burnout among the nursing workforce were heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to deliver, spread, and sustain an evidence-based wellness program, Workforce Engagement for Compassionate Advocacy, Resilience, and Empowerment (WE CARE), for nurse leaders, staff registered nurses (RNs), and patient care technicians (PCTs) to ameliorate or prevent burnout, promote resilience, and improve the work environment. The program included Community Resiliency Model (CRM) training provided by a certified 6-member wellness team. A baseline and 6-month follow-up survey included measures of well-being, moral distress, burnout, resilience, perceived organizational support (POS), job satisfaction, intent to leave (ITL), and work environment. A total of 4900 inpatient RNs, PCTs, and leaders of a 1207-bed academic medical center in the southeastern United States were analyzed. From baseline (n = 1533) to 6-month follow-up (n = 1457), well-being, moral distress, burnout, job satisfaction, and work environment improved; however, resilience, POS, and ITL did not. Although we have seen some improvements in well-being and mental health indicators, it is still early in the intervention period to have reached a critical mass with the training and other interventions. The mental health and work environment issues among nurses are so complex, no one-size-fits-all intervention can resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Patrician
- Author Affiliations: University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, Birmingham (Drs Patrician, Miltner, and Polancich, Mr Travis, and Mss Blackburn, Carter, Ruffin, and Morson); Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (Drs Hall and Meese); Center for Healthcare Management and Leadership, and Office of Wellness, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (Dr Meese); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (Dr Montgomery); and UAB Medical Center, University of Alabama atBirmingham, Birmingham (Dr Stewart)
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Kelly RK, Tong TYN, Guasch-Ferre M, Papier K, Piernas C, Fensom GK, Carter JL, Key TJ, Perez-Cornago A. Associations between saturated fatty acids from different dietary sources and cardiovascular disease risk in 114,285 UK Biobank study participants. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous studies suggest that different foods rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), particularly meat and dairy, have diverging directions of association with risks of total cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD subtypes.(1,2)
Purpose
To investigate the associations between SFA from different dietary sources and risks of total CVD, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke.
Methods
We analysed data on 114,285 UK Biobank participants who had completed ≥2 24-h dietary assessments and were free of CVD at the date of the latest 24-h dietary assessment. Risks of incident (non-fatal and fatal) total CVD, IHD and stroke by intakes of SFA from different sources were estimated using multivariable Cox regressions. Additional models assessed the role of body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as potential mediators. We also estimated the associations between modelled isoenergetic substitution of 5% energy from SFA from meat with SFA from dairy, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates from whole grains and carbohydrates from fruit and vegetables, and risk of CVD outcomes. A false discovery rate controlling procedure was used to account for multiple testing.
Results
Over a median 8.5 years of follow-up, there were 4,365, 3,394, and 1,041 cases of total CVD, IHD and stroke, respectively. There were no significant associations between total SFA intake and CVD outcomes. SFA from meat was positively associated with total CVD (hazard ratio for each 5% of energy, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05–1.35) and IHD (1.21; 1.05–1.39) risk independently of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. However, the estimates were attenuated and non-significant for both total CVD (1.11; 0.98–1.26) and IHD (1.12; 0.97–1.29) after adjustment for BMI. SFA from dairy was inversely associated with IHD risk (0.89; 0.82–0.96) in the multivariable model, however this finding was also attenuated after adjustment for BMI and did not pass correction for multiple testing (0.91; 0.84 to 0.98). Modelled replacement of 5% of energy from SFA from meat with carbohydrates from whole grains or carbohydrates from fruit and vegetables were associated with lower risk of stroke in the multivariable model (0.86; 0.78–0.94 & 0.86; 0.78–0.95, respectively) and the model adjusted for BMI and LDL-C (0.87; 0.79–0.96 & 0.86; 0.78–0.95, respectively).
Conclusion(s)
SFA from meat was associated with a higher risk of total CVD and IHD, while SFA from dairy was associated with lower risk of IHD, although BMI seemed to account for a large proportion of these associations. It is possible that diverging associations of SFA from different sources with CVD risk may explain the overall null association with total SFA observed in this study and some previous observational studies. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm whether replacing SFA from meat by carbohydrate from wholegrains or fruit and vegetables may be beneficial in reducing stroke risk.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Clarendon Fund and Jesus College Clarendon Old Members' AwardJesus College Graduate Scholarship
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Kelly
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Y N Tong
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Guasch-Ferre
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, United States of America
| | - K Papier
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Piernas
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G K Fensom
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J L Carter
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T J Key
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Perez-Cornago
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
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DeFilippo LB, Schindler DE, Carter JL, Walsworth TE, Cline TJ, Larson WA, Buehrens T. Associations of stream geomorphic conditions and prevalence of alternative reproductive tactics among sockeye salmon populations. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:239-253. [PMID: 29194863 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In many species, males may exhibit alternative life histories to circumvent the costs of intrasexual competition and female courtship. While the evolution and underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms behind alternative reproductive tactics are well studied, there has been less consideration of the ecological factors that regulate their prevalence. Here, we examine six decades of age composition records from thirty-six populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to quantify associations between spawning habitat characteristics and the prevalence of precocious sneakers known as 'jacks'. Jack prevalence was independent of neutral genetic structure among stream populations, but varied among habitat types and as a function of continuous geomorphic characteristics. Jacks were more common in streams relative to beaches and rivers, and their prevalence was negatively associated with stream width, depth, elevation, slope and area, but positively related to bank cover. Behavioural observations showed that jacks made greater use of banks, wood and shallows than guard males, indicating that their reproductive success depends on the availability of such refuges. Our results emphasize the role of the physical habitat in shaping reproductive tactic frequencies among populations, likely through local adaptation in response to variable fitness expectations under different geomorphic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B DeFilippo
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D E Schindler
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J L Carter
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T E Walsworth
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T J Cline
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W A Larson
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,U. S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, USA
| | - T Buehrens
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA, USA
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Carter JL, Stevens PE, Irving JE, Lamb EJ. Estimating glomerular filtration rate: comparison of the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations in a large UK cohort with particular emphasis on the effect of age. QJM 2011; 104:839-47. [PMID: 21652537 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic kidney disease (CKD)-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was developed to address the underestimation of measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation at levels >60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). AIM To assess the impact of the CKD-EPI equation on the estimation of GFR in a large adult UK population (n = 561,400), particularly looking at the effect of age. DESIGN Serum creatinine results (ID-MS-aligned enzymatic assay) were extracted from the pathology database during 1 year on adult (≥ 18 years) patients from primary care. METHODS The first available creatinine result from 174,448 people was used to estimate GFR using both equations and agreement assessed. RESULTS Median CKD-EPI GFR was significantly higher than median MDRD GFR (82 vs. 76 mL/min/1.73 m(2), P < 0.0001). Overall mean bias between CKD-EPI and MDRD GFR was 5.0%, ranging from 13.0% in the 18-29 years age group down to -7.5% in those aged ≥ 90 years. Although statistically significant at all age groups the difference diminished with age and the agreement in GFR category assignment increased. Age-adjusted population prevalence of CKD Stages 3-5 was lower by CKD-EPI than by MDRD (4.4% vs. 4.9%). CONCLUSION CKD-EPI produces higher GFR and lower CKD estimates, particularly among 18-59 year age groups with MDRD estimated GFRs of 45-59 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (Stage 3A). However, at ages >70 years there is very little difference between the equations, and among the very elderly CKD-EPI may actually increase CKD prevalence estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carter
- Clinical Biochemistry, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Ethelbert Road, Canterbury, Kent CT1 3NG, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Sirven
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
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Meshnick SR, Hossler PA, Enger KS, Kazanjian P, Rest JS, Mindell D, Li B, Lee CH, Nimri LF, Carter JL, Beard CB, Huang L. Distribution of DHPS mutations among ITS subtypes of P. carinii f. sp. hominis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2002; Suppl:126S-128S. [PMID: 11906022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Huang L, Friedly J, Morris AM, Carter JL, Turner JR, Merrifield C, Navin TR, Beard CB. Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase genotypes in HIV-infected persons residing in San Francisco: possible implications for disease transmission. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2002; Suppl:137S-138S. [PMID: 11906028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, 94110, USA.
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Niezen JH, Waghorn GC, Graham T, Carter JL, Leathwick DM. The effect of diet fed to lambs on subsequent development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae in vitro and on pasture. Vet Parasitol 2002; 105:269-83. [PMID: 11983303 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Contrasting herbage diets were fed to lambs to evaluate their effect on subsequent development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae in faeces and on pasture. The diets had either no condensed tannin (CT), lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Otaio), white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Tahora), or had moderate to high concentrations of CT, sulla (Hedysarum coronarium cv. Grassland Aokau), Lotus corniculatus (cv. Grasslands Goldie), L. pedunculatus (cv. Grassland Maku), Dorycnium pentophyllum, and Dorycnium rectum. Trials were carried out in summer (warm) and in autumn (cool and moist). In summer, egg viability was evaluated in vitro with egg hatch and larval development assays. In both seasons faeces were placed on pasture to compare recovery of eggs and larvae from faeces and larvae from herbage on the high and low fertility farmlets on the AgResearch Ballantrae Hill Country Research Station. D. rectum and D. pentophyllum diets decreased (P<0.01) egg hatching and larval development in laboratory assays relative to other diets. In summer, the number of larvae recovered from faeces placed on pasture was far greater (P<0.001) if the lambs had been fed lucerne than any other diet, whereas recovery was always lowest from faeces of sheep fed D. rectum and D. pentophyllum. Although dietary differences were lower in autumn than in summer, larval recoveries were lower (P<0.05) from faeces of lambs fed D. rectum and L. corniculatus than from white clover, lucerne and sulla diets. This study indicates that the diet of the host can have a significant impact on egg hatching and the subsequent development of T. colubriformis larvae in the laboratory and in the field. In particular, D. rectum consistently reduced T. colubriformis development. Effects measured in vitro generally under-estimated effects measured under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Niezen
- AgResearch Grasslands, P.O. Box 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Ng SY, Songra A, Ali N, Carter JL. Ultrasound features of osteosarcoma of the mandible--a first report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 92:582-6. [PMID: 11709698 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.116821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is becoming widely used in the head and neck region as a first-line investigation to assess soft tissue swellings. Clinicians should be aware of the potential of diagnostic ultrasound to identify important signs of malignant disease involving bone. Involvement of the mandible by osteosarcoma is uncommon. A young adult patient presented with facial swelling and an apparently infected lower third molar extraction socket. Subtle signs were missed on dental radiographs. Diagnostic ultrasound investigation was pivotal in identifying sinister signs: namely, soft tissue mass associated with bone thinning, erosion, expansion, and the "sunray" appearance of the buccal cortex, which were suggestive of osteosarcoma. These findings enabled priority to be given to subsequent investigations using other modalities. We present a first report of the ultrasound features of osteosarcoma of the mandible and consider this to be a useful modality in an initial investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ng
- Department of Dental Radiology, GKT Dental Institute, King's College London, Denmark Hill, England, United Kingdom.
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Navin TR, Beard CB, Huang L, del Rio C, Lee S, Pieniazek NJ, Carter JL, Le T, Hightower A, Rimland D. Effect of mutations in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene on outcome of P carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV-1: a prospective study. Lancet 2001; 358:545-9. [PMID: 11520525 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigators have reported that patients infected with Pneumocystis carinii containing mutations in the DHPS (dihydropteroate synthase) gene have a worse outcome than those infected with P carinii containing wild-type DHPS. We investigated patients with HIV-1 infection and P carinii pneumonia to determine if DHPS mutations were associated with poor outcomes in these patients. METHODS We compared presence of mutations at the DHPS locus with survival and response of patients to co-trimoxazole or other drugs. FINDINGS For patients initially given co-trimoxazole, nine (14%) of 66 with DHPS mutant died, compared with nine (25%) of 36 with wild type (risk ratio50.55 [95% CI=0.24-1.25]; p=0.15). Ten (15%) of 66 patients with a DHPS mutant did not respond to treatment, compared with 13 (36%) of 36 patients with the wild type (0.42 [0.20-0.86]; p=0.02). For patients aged 40 years or older, four (14%) of 29 with the mutant and nine (56%) of 16 with the wild type died (0.25 [0.09-0.67]; p=0.005). INTERPRETATION These results, by contrast with those of previous studies, suggest that patients with wild-type P carinii do not have a better outcome than patients with the mutant when given co-trimoxazole. Our results suggest that presence of a DHPS mutation should be only one of several criteria guiding the choice of initial drug treatment of P carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Navin
- Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious, Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hardee PS, Carter JL, Piper KM, Ng SY. Metachronous bilateral primary adenocarcinoma of the submandibular glands. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001; 91:455-61. [PMID: 11312463 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A young woman developed an unusual adenocarcinoma in each submandibular salivary gland at an interval of 30 months. This presentation has not been described previously. The possible etiology for this and treatment options are discussed. The choice of diagnostic imaging (ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging) is highlighted. As a result of regular follow-ups using diagnostic ultrasound, a second tumor was observed to reach a dimension of 8 mm in less than 6 months. This is probably the first report documenting the extent of initial growth of this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Hardee
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bart's and The London NHS Trust UK
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Huang L, Beard CB, Creasman J, Levy D, Duchin JS, Lee S, Pieniazek N, Carter JL, del Rio C, Rimland D, Navin TR. Sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and geographic region predict mutations in the Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1192-8. [PMID: 10979917 DOI: 10.1086/315824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2000] [Revised: 06/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine factors associated with mutations in the Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene, a prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with confirmed P. carinii pneumonia was conducted in Atlanta, Seattle, and San Francisco. Clinical information was obtained from patient interview and chart abstraction. DHPS genotype was determined from DNA sequencing. Overall, 76 (68.5%) of 111 patients had a mutant DHPS genotype, including 22 (81.5%) of 27 patients from San Francisco. In multivariate analysis, sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and study site were independent predictors of a mutant genotype. Fourteen (53.8%) of 26 patients who were newly diagnosed with HIV infection and had never taken prophylaxis had a mutant genotype. The significance of geographic location as a risk factor for mutant genotype and the high proportion of mutant genotypes among persons never prescribed prophylaxis, including those newly diagnosed with HIV infection, provide indirect evidence that these mutations are transmitted from person to person either directly or through a common environmental source.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- Positive Health Program, Ward 84, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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Abstract
ABT-773, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent, was evaluated in comparison to clarithromycin (CLA) in vitro against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and in a beige mouse model of disseminated MAC infection. The MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited were 2 and 4 microg/ml, respectively, for CLA and 8 and 16 microg/ml, respectively, for ABT-773. Eight CLA-resistant isolates were found to be resistant to ABT-773 (MICs > 64 microg/ml). In the in vivo study mice were treated with ABT-773 (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of body weight) or CLA (200 mg/kg). Both ABT-773 (100 and 200 mg/kg) and CLA significantly decreased the viable cell counts in spleens and lungs. ABT-773 (200 mg/kg) and CLA had similar activities in lungs, but the former was more active in spleens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Cynamon
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 12310, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Holmes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London E1 1BB.
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Abstract
During sepsis, catabolism of proteins and associated changes in plasma amino acids occur. Tryptophan and tyrosine, and their derivatives serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), influence hypothalamic feeding-related areas and are associated with the onset of anorexia. We hypothesized that anorexia of sepsis is associated with changes in serotonin and dopamine in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus. The aim of this study was to test our hypothesis by measuring intra-VMN changes of these two neurotransmitters at the onset of anorexia during sepsis. Fischer 344 male rats had an intracerebral guide cannula stereotaxically implanted into the VMN. Ten days later, in awake, overnight-food-deprived rats, a microdialysis probe was inserted through the in situ VMN cannula. Two hours thereafter, serial baseline serotonin and dopamine concentrations were measured. Then cecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis or a control laparotomy was performed under isoflurane anesthesia. VMN microdialysis samples were serially collected every 30 min for 8 h after the surgical procedure to determine 5-HT and DA changes in response to sepsis. During the hypermetabolic response to sepsis, a strong association occurred between anorexia and a significant reduction of VMN dopamine concentration (P < 0.05; constant rate of dopamine decrease in the Study group of 0.99 pg per 2 h); no changes occurred in 5-HT in association with anorexia of sepsis. Six hours after operation, a single meal was offered for 20 min to assess the response of neurotransmitters to food ingestion. Food intake was minimal in anorectic septic rats (mean size of the after food-deprived meal in the Septic group was 0.03+/-0.01 g, that of the Control group was 1.27+/-0.14 g; P = 0.0001), while Control rats demonstrated anticipated changes in neurotransmitters in response to eating. We conclude that the onset of anorexia in septic rats is associated with a reduction in VMN dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Torelli
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Carter JL. Re: Peckitt. Stereoscopic lithography: customised titanium implants in orofacial reconstruction: a new surgical technique without flap cover. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 38:79-81. [PMID: 10783456 DOI: 10.1054/bjom.2000.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carter JL. Nursing considerations in support of a patient pursuing his dream. Nephrol Nurs J 2000; 27:53-6. [PMID: 10852691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A 30-year-old man with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing thrice weekly hemodialysis set out to achieve a personal goal to ride his bicycle across the United States within 30 days. To support patients in achieving such a goal, nephrology nurses must consider not only nutritional components, but must be prepared to deal with the physical challenges that face patients in the daily struggles struggle to reach their goal. It became a priority and a challenge for the nephrology team to treat this young man as an athlete who also happened to have ESRD, rather than as a dialysis patient who was a cyclist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carter
- Quality Renal Care, Inc, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Beard CB, Carter JL, Keely SP, Huang L, Pieniazek NJ, Moura IN, Roberts JM, Hightower AW, Bens MS, Freeman AR, Lee S, Stringer JR, Duchin JS, del Rio C, Rimland D, Baughman RP, Levy DA, Dietz VJ, Simon P, Navin TR. Genetic variation in Pneumocystis carinii isolates from different geographic regions: implications for transmission. Emerg Infect Dis 2000; 6:265-72. [PMID: 10827116 PMCID: PMC2640877 DOI: 10.3201/eid0603.000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To study transmission patterns of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in persons with AIDS, we evaluated P. carinii isolates from patients in five U.S. cities for variation at two independent genetic loci, the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA and dihydropteroate synthase. Fourteen unique multilocus genotypes were observed in 191 isolates that were examined at both loci. Mixed infections, accounting for 17.8% of cases, were associated with primary PCP. Genotype frequency distribution patterns varied by patients' place of diagnosis but not by place of birth. Genetic variation at the two loci suggests three probable characteristics of transmission: that most cases of PCP do not result from infections acquired early in life, that infections are actively acquired from a relatively common source (humans or the environment), and that humans, while not necessarily involved in direct infection of other humans, are nevertheless important in the transmission cycle of P. carinii f. sp. hominis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Beard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.
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19
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Beard CB, Jennings VM, Teague WG, Carter JL, Mabry J, Moura H, Visvesvara GS, Collins WE, Navin TR. Experimental inoculation of immunosuppressed owl monkeys with Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1999; 46:113S-115S. [PMID: 10519274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C B Beard
- Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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20
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Torelli GF, Meguid MM, Moldawer LL, Edwards CK, Kim HJ, Carter JL, Laviano A, Rossi Fanelli F. Use of recombinant human soluble TNF receptor in anorectic tumor-bearing rats. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:R850-5. [PMID: 10484503 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.r850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With progression of tumor growth, rats demonstrate anorexia and reduced food intake, a function of meal number and meal size. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a recognized anorectic agent, reacts with two different receptors (type I: 55 kDa; type II: 75 kDa). We used a dimeric, pegylated 55-kDa TNF receptor construct to test its effects on food intake, meal number, and meal size, which were continuously measured with a rat eater meter in 16 Fischer 344 male rats injected with 10(6) viable methylcholanthrene cells. When anorexia developed, rats received a subcutaneous injection of either 0.25 mg/kg body wt of soluble TNF receptor construct (study) or vehicle (tumor-bearing control). Before TNF inhibitor injection, no differences were observed in food intake, meal number, or meal size between the two groups. After the TNF inhibitor injection, study vs. control rats significantly improved food intake as a result of an increase in meal number and meal size. Rats also showed a significant improvement in body weight. These data suggest that TNF-alpha, in addition to other cytokines, contributes to the anorexia of tumor growth, probably mediated via the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Torelli
- Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, State University of New York Health Science Center, New York, NY 13210, USA
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21
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Abstract
There is increasing impetus to begin disease-modifying therapy for relapsing multiple (R-MS) early, before the development of irreversible tissue damage and resultant permanent disability. However, all of the currently-approved therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis are only partially effective for patients as a group. Treatment failure can be due to noncompliance with therapy, intolerable adverse effects, the development of neutralizing antibodies, or non-responsive disease. Neurologists managing patients on disease-modifying therapy for R-MS must remain vigilant for these issues and take appropriate action when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cohen
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
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22
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Abstract
In this article, we update management measures for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) that can improve or prevent impairment, disability, and handicap and include those factors that a primary-care physician can implement or facilitate. The medical literature since 1989 was reviewed. Although new drug trials hold promise to decrease impairment from MS, well-coordinated interdisciplinary care to minimize disability and handicap most profoundly affect the quality of life for patients with MS. MS is usually not severely disabling, and appropriately timed intervention can prevent secondary impairment and reduce disability and handicap. Pharmacologic, physical, and psychosocial issues--ranging from spasticity, pain, weakness, and tremor to neurogenic bowel management and sexuality--are addressed. General wellness measures remain important. The influence of the Americans With Disabilities Act is discussed, and specific adaptive equipment and social resources are outlined. The ultimate goals of management of patients with MS are functional independence and efficient use of medical and community resources: a focus on "ability" rather than "disability." Although impairment can limit function, wellness and adjustment have no boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Stolp-Smith
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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23
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Abstract
In this article, we assess the roles and the efficacy of immunopharmacologic agents in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating disease syndromes. The initial clinical manifestations of demyelinating disease, immunotherapeutic goals, efficacy of individual agents, and specific immunopharmacologic recommendations are discussed. MS and other idiopathic demyelinating disease syndromes can be effectively managed with immunotherapy. Exacerbations are treatable, and the frequency and severity of exacerbations can be reduced. Although some agents have a minor effect on progression of disability, current approaches have not proved to have a major influence on treatment of progressive MS. Immunotherapy for inflammatory demyelinating disease necessitates a high degree of clinical certainty about the diagnosis. Because all available therapeutic agents have limitations and significant toxic effects, careful consideration is necessary before use. Treatment should be individualized on the basis of the clinical course of the disease and the degree of patient disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Hunter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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24
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McBoyle MF, Razek HA, Carter JL, Helmer SD. Tubular carcinoma of the breast: an institutional review. Am Surg 1997; 63:639-44; discussion 644-5. [PMID: 9202540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tubular carcinoma of the breast is a rare, but distinct, well-differentiated histologic subtype of invasive carcinoma, known for its favorable prognosis. Review of the literature reveals controversy relative to the frequency of tubular carcinoma, the mammographic appearance, the incidence of lymph node metastases, and the need for axillary node dissection. In consideration of these variables and because of the concern that this type of breast cancer was being surgically over-treated, this review was undertaken. Through the use of our tumor registry, a retrospective review of patients with invasive breast cancer was carried out from January 1984 to September 1995. Of 1483 total cases of invasive breast carcinoma, 22 (1.5%) had a diagnosis of pure tubular carcinoma (> 90% tubular component). The mean age was 58 years (range, 37-80). In 14 patients, the lesion was detected solely by mammography with a mean size of 1.0 cm (range, 0.5-1.5 cm). The mean pathologic tumor size was 1.2 cm (range, 0.5-2.9 cm). The mean number of nodes, in 22 axillary specimens, was 19 (range, 8-30). In one patient, there was lymph node metastasis to a single node (4.5% incidence), which demonstrated tubular characteristics. Presently, 18 of the patients are alive and disease free, with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years (range, 4 months to 9 years). Our study confirms the low incidence of pure tubular carcinoma, 1.5 per cent, with the lesions being small, 1.2 cm in mean size. The mammographic lesions had no unique features that would distinguish tubular from other invasive carcinomas. With the small tumor size and the overall excellent prognosis, these patients are ideal candidates for breast preservation. Most importantly, the review did demonstrate that even in pure tubular breast carcinoma, lymph node metastases, though rare, can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F McBoyle
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Christi Regional Medical Center, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Crum
- Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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26
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Carter JL, Noseworthy JH. Ventilatory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Clin Chest Med 1994; 15:693-703. [PMID: 7867284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) can produce a variety of different respiratory abnormalities because of the multi-focal nature of central nervous system involvement in the disease. This article reviews the different patterns of respiratory involvement in MS and correlates them with the known neuroanatomy of respiratory control. Methods of monitoring pulmonary function in MS are explored, and the treatment of acute ventilatory failure in MS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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27
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Smith C, Birnbaum G, Carter JL, Greenstein J, Lublin FD. Tizanidine treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. US Tizanidine Study Group. Neurology 1994; 44:S34-42; discussion S42-3. [PMID: 7970009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This multicenter, stratified, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial evaluated tizanidine for use in the United States for spasticity secondary to MS. The 15-week trial was divided into baseline (weeks 0 and 1), titration (2 mg to a maximum of 36 mg/d; weeks 2 to 4), and plateau (weeks 5 to 13) phases, followed by dose tapering (week 14) and a final visit (week 15). Primary efficacy parameters were scores on muscle tone (Ashworth Scale) and type and frequency of muscle spasms (patient diaries). All efficacy parameters were evaluated by the physician/assessor, and the physician/prescriber was responsible for all dosage adjustments. The patient, physician/assessor, and physician/prescriber made global evaluations of antispastic efficacy. Tizanidine produced a significantly greater reduction than placebo in spasms and clonus (patient diaries) but no significant differences in Ashworth scores. Patients and physician/prescribers, but not physician/assessors, gave significantly better scores in the overall assessment of efficacy and tolerability. No significant differences in other secondary efficacy parameters were noted. Adverse events were reported for 66 (61%) of the 109 placebo-treated patients and 101 (91%) of the 111 tizanidine-treated patients; 6 (6%) and 14 (13%) discontinued treatment, respectively. Patient and physician perception of improvement demonstrated more consistent differences between groups than did the Ashworth Scale, perhaps because of inexperience with this measure or failure to consider time between drug administration and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Smith
- St. Agnes Hospital, White Plains, New York
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28
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Carter JL. Emergency dental care in east London. BMJ 1993; 307:935. [PMID: 8241862 PMCID: PMC1679063 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.307.6909.935-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Carroll BT, Meller WH, Kathol RG, Gehris TL, Carter JL, Samuelson SD, Pitts AF. Pituitary-adrenal axis response to arginine vasopressin in patients with major depression. Psychiatry Res 1993; 46:119-26. [PMID: 8387217 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was administered to 21 patients with major depression and 20 normal control subjects. Thirty-two subjects also underwent an overnight dexamethasone suppression test. The patient group did not differ significantly from the control group in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cortisol response. Dexamethasone suppression status did not affect ACTH or cortisol response. This study supports the hypothesis that unlike the response to corticotropin releasing hormone, the ACTH response to AVP is not attenuated in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Carroll
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 52242
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30
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Carter JL. Visual, somatosensory, olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1992; 15:347-58. [PMID: 1603728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hallucinations that involve any of the sensory modalities may accompany a number of functional and organic conditions. Although characteristics of the hallucinations are not specific, they are characteristic and suggestive of specific disorders. Appropriate evaluation and treatment require consideration of the past psychiatric, neurologic, and medical history; assessment of accompanying psychiatric and neurologic signs and symptoms; and degree of response to conventional therapy. Any patient with hallucinations of recent onset or presenting a significant change in the nature of prior hallucinations, particularly when the patient does not respond to conventional therapy, deserves an evaluation to rule out treatable organic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carter
- Medical College of Pennsylvania, Allegheny Neuropsychiatric Institute, Oakdale
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31
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Abstract
Caramel Colour II is a distinct type of colourant with a pronounced reddish hue. It is made with sulphite reactants but without ammonia. The red colour and a high alcohol solubility provide functional characteristics that are important in foods or beverages containing natural flavour extractives. Caramel Colour II is widely used in ice creams and liqueurs; however, it represents less than 1% of total caramel colour manufacture. The toxicity of Caramel Colour II was evaluated in a 13-wk study in Fischer-344 (F344) rats. The test material was mixed with demineralized water and the solutions were given to the animals ad lib. in the drinking fluid. The concentrations of caramel colour in the drinking fluid were adjusted periodically to achieve the desired caramel colour intake/kg body weight/day. Groups of 20 rats/sex were given Caramel Colour II at levels of 0, 4, 8, 12 or 16 g/kg for at least 13 wk. There were no deaths in any of the groups fed Caramel Colour II. All rats fed caramel colour had soft faeces. All treated groups also had lower fluid consumption that was attributed to poor palatability of the high concentrations of caramel colour that were fed. A number of changes observed (reduced food consumption in all treatment groups except males given 4 g/kg; significantly lower body weights for males given 12 g/kg or more and for females given 8 g/kg or more; lower urine volume and higher specific gravity) were attributed to the reduced water intake and not considered to be toxicologically significant. There were no consistent treatment-related alterations in haematology or blood chemistry variables, and random changes noted were not associated with macroscopic or microscopic pathological alterations. There were no toxicologically important pathological findings. Based on this study, Caramel Colour II was not toxic in F344 rats treated for 13 wk. The highest dose level tested in this study (16 g/kg) was considered to be the no-observed-adverse-effect level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M MacKenzie
- Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc., Madison, WI 53707
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32
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Kathol RG, Gehris TL, Carroll BT, Samuelson SD, Pitts AF, Meller WH, Carter JL. Blunted ACTH response to hypoglycemic stress in depressed patients but not in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 1992; 26:103-16. [PMID: 1319484 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(92)90002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 7 hospitalized patients with major depression (MD), 5 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia (S), and 13 control subjects (C) were administered 0.15 units/kg of regular insulin at 1600 h by intravenous bolus infusion. ACTH, cortisol, and glucose levels were measured intermittently for 2h following infusion. Baseline ACTH, cortisol and glucose levels were similar in Cs, MDs, and Ss. The mean glucose nadir was equivalent for Cs, patients with MD, and patients with S. Patients with MD had a blunted ACTH response (F = 3.28; df = 12,126; p = .0004) and cortisol response (F = 4.20; df = 12,132; p = .0001) to hypoglycemia when compared to Cs and patients with S. Carroll Depression Rating Scale scores in patients with S (23 +/- 10) were similar to patients with MD (30 +/- 8) and significantly higher than in controls (1 +/- 2) (F = 55.2; df = 2.22; p = .0001). These findings suggest that patients with MD show different ACTH and cortisol responses to hypoglycemic stress which are not explained by negative feedback of baseline ACTH or cortisol, glucose nadir, or the number of depressive symptoms per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Kathol
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242
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33
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Abstract
Although multiple sclerosis primarily affects myelin within the central nervous system, both pathologic and physiological studies suggest that mild deficits in peripheral nervous system myelin may be common. To evaluate this question further, we performed near nerve studies on sural nerves of 14 patients with multiple sclerosis. Peak-to-peak amplitude and maximum conduction velocity were normal in 9 of 14 patients, while minimum conduction velocity, or the velocity of the slowest-conducting component of the sensory action potential, was abnormally reduced in 9 patients. In addition, the supernormal period was evaluated for patients and compared with a control sample; multiple sclerosis patients showed a significant reduction in the amplitude of supernormality. Both the reduction in minimum conduction velocity and the alteration in the supernormal period are consistent with a mild defect in peripheral myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Shefner
- Neurophysiology Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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Abstract
The Hall surgical miniplating system has been evaluated for use in maxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery. The biomechanical characteristics of the plates have been examined and experience gained, using 53 plates, in 25 patients is presented. The feature which distinguishes these plates is the narrow bridge between paired screw platforms. The specially designed screwdriver has a splined head which allows screw transfer to be carried out as a one-handed procedure. The plates show considerable advantages over existing small plate systems in their size, malleability and consequent ease of handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Zaki
- Norman Rowe Maxillofacial Unit, Queen Mary's University Hospital, Roehampton, London
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35
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is thought, by many investigators, to be an immunologic disease. Therefore, a rationale exists for treating this disease by immunosuppressive therapy. In exacerbating-remitting multiple sclerosis, corticosteroids and adrenocorticotropic hormone are the most widely used drugs; high doses of intravenously administered methylprednisolone have recently gained favor. Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis has been treated with a number of immunosuppressive regimens, several of which have shown promise to date. Cyclophosphamide and azathioprine have been used most often and are reviewed in this report, as are other agents currently under investigation. No firm guidelines for the treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis can be offered, but an approach to immunosuppressive therapy is suggested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Arizona
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36
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Carter JL. The shortage of consultant posts. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989; 27:172-3. [PMID: 2713321 DOI: 10.1016/0266-4356(89)90069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Carter JL, Dawson DM, Hafler DA, Fallis RJ, Stazzone L, Orav J, Weiner HL. Cumulative experience with high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide and ACTH therapy in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 540:535-6. [PMID: 2849902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Carter
- Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Abstract
A 31-year-old male developed paresthesia and numbness of mainly the right foot following exposure to nonfreezing temperatures under moist conditions over a period of 1 week. The symptoms gradually improved over several months. When seen for electrophysiological studies 6 months after the injury, there was no sensory loss on clinical examination, although he continued to complain of distal numbness of the right foot. The right extensor digitorum brevis muscle was atrophic, and the distal motor latency in the peroneal nerve was prolonged. Conduction studies of the right sural nerve showed a predominantly distal diminution of the SAP evoked by electrical stimulation at the dorsum pedis. Action potentials evoked by tactile stimulation of Pacinian corpuscles showed a prolonged latency on the symptomatic side, suggesting that the most pronounced pathological changes in immersion injury may be localized to the very distal portion of the nerve at the nerve fiber-receptor junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carter
- Division of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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Carter JL, Hafler DA, Dawson DM, Orav J, Weiner HL. Immunosuppression with high-dose i.v. cyclophosphamide and ACTH in progressive multiple sclerosis: cumulative 6-year experience in 164 patients. Neurology 1988; 38:9-14. [PMID: 2838768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One hundred sixty-four patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) have been treated with a regimen of high-dose IV cyclophosphamide and ACTH over the past 6 years. Their status was reviewed to determine complications associated with treatment, dosage of medication used to induce a remission, factors which may predict a response to therapy, and subsequent course following treatment. One year following initial treatment, 81% of patients were improved or stabilized. Reprogression occurred in 69% of patients at a mean time of 17.6 months. Fifty-eight patients who initially stabilized after treatment and then reprogressed were treated a second time. One year after retreatment, 70% of these patients were improved or stabilized. Alopecia, nausea and vomiting, and minor infections were the most frequent complications. There were no deaths associated with treatment, the complication rate did not change with multiple treatments, and no late complications have yet been observed. Improvement tended to occur in younger patients with shorter disease duration. Although this treatment regimen is generally well tolerated and can favorably affect the course of chronic progressive MS in a majority of patients, a single treatment does not induce a permanent remission, and some form of maintenance treatment or retreatment is required. Current treatment programs involve testing a modified induction regimen and periodic outpatient booster injections to maintain remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carter
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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Dawson DM, Carter JL, Hafler DA, Weiner HL. Immunosuppression in progressive multiple sclerosis with high dose intravenous cyclophosphamide and monoclonal antibodies. Riv Neurol 1987; 57:88-91. [PMID: 3039645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our work with multiple sclerosis has demonstrated a favorable effect on the course of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis in two-thirds of patients treated with cyclophosphamide/ACTH. However, alternative methods of therapy, or repeated treatments with cyclophosphamide and ACTH are required for longer term control of the illness. We are attempting to assess the efficacy of outpatient maintenance cyclophosphamide, but do not as yet have any data to support the use of this form of treatment. Cyclophosphamide and ACTH can be given to multiple sclerosis patients without significant serious toxicity. Monoclonal antibody therapy of multiple sclerosis is in its beginning stages. The treatment appears to be safe and has produced some interesting data indicating that rapid entry of some labeled lymphocytes into the nervous system can be measured by this technique. Since these are phase one pilot trials designed to assess immune parameters and only small numbers of patients have been treated, no clinical results have been obtained. No adverse effects of monoclonal antibody therapy were observed.
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Abstract
The potential of teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic, was assessed according to its ability to decrease the occurrence and severity of bacteraemia following dental extraction. Preliminary studies with ten volunteers showed that mean peak serum concentrations of teicoplanin were reached 3 hours after intramuscular administration and were 2.6 mg/l (1.5 mg/kg regimen) and 5.0 mg/l (3 mg/kg regimen). Three groups of ten patients participated in the bacteraemia study. Group one received no prophylaxis whereas groups two and three received 200 mg of teicoplanin intramuscularly, or 3 g amoxycillin orally respectively, 1 h prior to extraction. Sequential blood cultures were inoculated at timed intervals from a single venous blood sample taken 2 min after commencing surgery. Bacteraemia was detectable in all patients who received no prophylaxis whereas those given teicoplanin and amoxycillin had detectable bacteraemia in 6/10 and 4/10 cases, respectively. Teicoplanin was clearly effective in reducing the incidence and degree of post dental extraction bacteraemia although apparently rather less so than amoxycillin. In-vitro tests of susceptibility and bactericidal activity showed that teicoplanin possesses comparable activity to those antibiotics which are either in use or have been used for the suppression of bacteraemia following dental extraction.
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43
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Carter JL. Periorbital soft tissue retractor. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1985; 23:146-8. [PMID: 3158337 DOI: 10.1016/0266-4356(85)90066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A retractor which is useful for soft tissue manipulations in and around the orbit is described.
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44
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Abstract
An unusual case of idiopathic sclerosing fibrosis is described in which there was involvement of the face, neck, mediastinum and lungs with sparing of the thyroid and retroperitoneal tissues. In contrast to previous cases, facial pain and limitation of jaw movements were the presenting complaints and major causes of disability. Prednisolone treatment failed to arrest the disease.
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45
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Carter JL, Smith BL. Use of military antishock trousers: nursing implications. Heart Lung 1982; 11:422-5. [PMID: 6980869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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46
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McNicholas WT, Carter JL, Rutherford R, Zamel N, Phillipson EA. Beneficial effect of oxygen in primary alveolar hypoventilation with central sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982; 125:773-5. [PMID: 7091888 DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1982.125.6.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A 58-yr-old man with primary alveolar hypoventilation, central sleep apnea, and secondary polycythemia failed to improve when treated with respiratory stimulant medications, including oxtriphylline, acetazolamide, and medroxyprogesterone. In contrast, after institution of treatment with low-flow nocturnal oxygen, there was a marked decrease in the number and duration of sleep apneas, and an increase in the level of ventilation during sleep. These changes were sustained during 5 months of nocturnal oxygen therapy. The improvement produced by oxygen may have been due to the fact that the patient had no demonstrable ventilatory response to hypoxia during wakefulness, and therefore may have developed hypoxic brainstem depression during sleep. The findings suggest that oxygen therapy during sleep may be beneficial in patients with primary alveolar hypoventilation and central sleep apnea who demonstrate no ventilatory response to hypoxia during wakefulness.
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Carter JL, Chen CL, Dennis SM. Serum levels of progesterone, estradiol, and hydrocortisone in ewes after abortion due to Listeria monocytogenes type 5. Am J Vet Res 1976; 37:1071-3. [PMID: 822762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, progesterone, and hydrocortisone were measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral serum of pregnant ewes infected with Listeria monocytogenes type 5 and in normal pregnant controls. Progesterone had decreased in both groups at abortion or parturition. Estradiol and hydrocortisone of control ewes had increased at parturition. In infected ewes, the serum hydrocortisone value was high for 3 days after inoculation, but it returned to preinoculation levels for the remainder of gestation. Serum concentrations of hydrocortisone did not change, and estradiol values increased slightly at abortion by infected ewes.
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Carter JL, Ishii TK, Fleischfresser DA. Microwave oven for improved biological solids determination. J Microw Power 1976; 11:117-25. [PMID: 1047660 DOI: 10.1080/00222739.1976.11688993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the evaluation of the use of microwave power to evaporate the water from biological solids in the suspended solids analysis for wastewater treatment plants. when microwave power was applied to the sample at a level of 1.8 watts per gram of water a constant weight was achieved in twelve minutes. This compares with sixty minutes drying time in the conventional test where thermal ovens are utilized. Solids results from microwaves oven drying were more precise than the results from drying with a thermal oven.
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Lax B, Carter JL. Social acceptance of the EMR in different educational placements. Ment Retard 1976; 14:10-3. [PMID: 933838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Carter JL. Intelligence and reading achievement of EMR children in three educational settings. Ment Retard 1975; 13:26-7. [PMID: 1177766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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