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Parra ER, Zhang J, Jiang M, Tamegnon A, Pandurengan RK, Behrens C, Solis L, Haymaker C, Heymach JV, Moran C, Lee JJ, Gibbons D, Wistuba II. Immune cellular patterns of distribution affect outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2364. [PMID: 37185575 PMCID: PMC10130161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the cellular geographic distribution in non-small cell lung cancer is essential to understand the roles of cell populations in this type of tumor. In this study, we characterize the spatial cellular distribution of immune cell populations using 23 makers placed in five multiplex immunofluorescence panels and their associations with clinicopathologic variables and outcomes. Our results demonstrate two cellular distribution patterns-an unmixed pattern mostly related to immunoprotective cells and a mixed pattern mostly related to immunosuppressive cells. Distance analysis shows that T-cells expressing immune checkpoints are closer to malignant cells than other cells. Combining the cellular distribution patterns with cellular distances, we can identify four groups related to inflamed and not-inflamed tumors. Cellular distribution patterns and distance are associated with survival in univariate and multivariable analyses. Spatial distribution is a tool to better understand the tumor microenvironment, predict outcomes, and may can help select therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Roger Parra
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Jiang
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Auriole Tamegnon
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Carmen Behrens
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Solis
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Victor Heymach
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack J Lee
- Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don Gibbons
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio Ivan Wistuba
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Hirvasniemi J, Runhaar J, van der Heijden RA, Zokaeinikoo M, Yang M, Li X, Tan J, Rajamohan HR, Zhou Y, Deniz CM, Caliva F, Iriondo C, Lee JJ, Liu F, Martinez AM, Namiri N, Pedoia V, Panfilov E, Bayramoglu N, Nguyen HH, Nieminen MT, Saarakkala S, Tiulpin A, Lin E, Li A, Li V, Dam EB, Chaudhari AS, Kijowski R, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Oei EHG, Klein S. The KNee OsteoArthritis Prediction (KNOAP2020) challenge: An image analysis challenge to predict incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis from MRI and X-ray images. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:115-125. [PMID: 36243308 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The KNee OsteoArthritis Prediction (KNOAP2020) challenge was organized to objectively compare methods for the prediction of incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis within 78 months on a test set with blinded ground truth. DESIGN The challenge participants were free to use any available data sources to train their models. A test set of 423 knees from the Prevention of Knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females (PROOF) study consisting of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray image data along with clinical risk factors at baseline was made available to all challenge participants. The ground truth outcomes, i.e., which knees developed incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis (according to the combined ACR criteria) within 78 months, were not provided to the participants. To assess the performance of the submitted models, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCAUC) and balanced accuracy (BACC). RESULTS Seven teams submitted 23 entries in total. A majority of the algorithms were trained on data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. The model with the highest ROCAUC (0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.70)) used deep learning to extract information from X-ray images combined with clinical variables. The model with the highest BACC (0.59 (95% CI: 0.52-0.65)) ensembled three different models that used automatically extracted X-ray and MRI features along with clinical variables. CONCLUSION The KNOAP2020 challenge established a benchmark for predicting incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Accurate prediction of incident symptomatic radiographic knee osteoarthritis is a complex and still unsolved problem requiring additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hirvasniemi
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J Runhaar
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R A van der Heijden
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Zokaeinikoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - M Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - J Tan
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - H R Rajamohan
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - C M Deniz
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - F Caliva
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - C Iriondo
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - F Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - A M Martinez
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - N Namiri
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - V Pedoia
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - E Panfilov
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - N Bayramoglu
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - H H Nguyen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M T Nieminen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Tiulpin
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - E Lin
- Akousist Co., Ltd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - A Li
- Akousist Co., Ltd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - V Li
- Akousist Co., Ltd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - E B Dam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A S Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - R Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - S Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics & Sport Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E H G Oei
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Klein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Pareek M, Bhatt DL, Zheng L, Lee JJ, Leiter LA, Simon T, Mehta SR, Harrington RA, Fox K, Himmelmann A, Vidal-Petiot E, Steg PG. Blood pressure and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease in THEMIS. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Various BP characteristics, e.g., systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP), as well as heart rate (HR) may affect the risk of both cardiovascular events and bleeding events. However, the exact way in which these characteristics and outcomes are associated among patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) remains debated. Moreover, it is unknown whether the risks and benefits of intensified antiplatelet therapy in this patient population are affected by their baseline BP and HR.
Purpose
To assess the relationship between BP components (including HR) and cardiovascular and bleeding events, and to determine if the effects of ticagrelor vs. placebo varied across the BP and HR spectrum, in patients with diabetes and stable CAD.
Methods
THEMIS was a randomized, controlled trial in which 19,220 individuals ≥50 years of age with stable CAD and type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive either ticagrelor plus aspirin or placebo plus aspirin. Patients with a prior myocardial infarction or stroke, or already on dual antiplatelet therapy, were excluded. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The primary safety outcome was TIMI major bleeding. We examined prognostic implications of BP components using 1) restricted cubic splines for the overall trends with outcomes; 2) Cox proportional-hazards regression models with predefined BP component intervals adjusted for demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables; and 3) Cox regression models for the effects of ticagrelor vs. placebo on outcomes across the spectrum of BP component values (test for interaction). THEMIS is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01991795).
Results
Mean values of baseline BP components were similar between the two study groups. Median follow-up duration was 39.9 months (range 0–57), with 1554 primary efficacy events and 306 primary safety events occurring over the course of the study. All BP components (including HR) displayed various, independent relationships with the tested outcomes. For example, in adjusted spline models, SBP displayed non-linear relationships with the primary outcome, all-cause death, any bleeding, serious adverse events, and intracranial bleeding, and linear relationships with the remaining outcomes. Figure 1 shows the associations of each BP component with the primary efficacy outcome. BP components did not substantially modify the risks and benefits of ticagrelor vs. placebo for the tested outcomes.
Conclusions
BP components were independently associated with efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with stable CAD and type 2 diabetes. However, no important modification of BP components on the effect of ticagrelor vs. placebo was detected.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): AstraZeneca
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pareek
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center , Boston , United States of America
| | - D L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center , Boston , United States of America
| | - L Zheng
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center , Boston , United States of America
| | - J J Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart and Vascular Center , Boston , United States of America
| | - L A Leiter
- St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada
| | - T Simon
- Sorbonne University , Paris , France
| | - S R Mehta
- McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - R A Harrington
- Stanford University Medical Center , Stanford , United States of America
| | - K Fox
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Himmelmann
- AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals , Molndal , Sweden
| | - E Vidal-Petiot
- Bichat Hospital, University Paris-Diderot, INSERM-UMR1148, FACT French Alliance for Cardiovascular T , Paris , France
| | - P G Steg
- Bichat Hospital, University Paris-Diderot, INSERM-UMR1148, FACT French Alliance for Cardiovascular T , Paris , France
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Akhave N, Zhang J, Bayley E, Frank M, Chiou SH, Behrens C, Chen R, Hu X, Parra ER, Lee WC, Swisher S, Solis L, Weissferdt A, Moran C, Kalhor N, Zhang J, Scheet P, Vaporciyan AA, Sepesi B, Gibbons DL, Heymach JV, Lee JJ, Wistuba II, Andrew Futreal P, Zhang J, Fujimoto J, Reuben A. Immunogenomic profiling of lung adenocarcinoma reveals poorly differentiated tumors are associated with an immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Lung Cancer 2022; 172:19-28. [PMID: 35973335 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathologists have routinely observed distinct histologic patterns of growth in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which have been suggested to be associated with prognosis. Herein, we investigated the relationship between LUAD patterns of growth, as defined by the updated international association for the study of lung cancer (IASLC) grading criteria, and differences in the tumor immune microenvironment to identify predictors of response to immunotherapy. METHODS 174 resected stage I-III LUAD tumors were classified by histologic pattern of growth (i.e. solid, micropapillary, acinar, papillary, and lepidic) and then grouped as well differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated. Comprehensive multiplatform analysis including whole exome sequencing, gene expression profiling, immunohistochemistry, CIBERSORT, and T-cell receptor sequencing was performed and groups were compared for differences in genomic drivers, immune cell infiltrate, clonality, and survival. Finally, multivariate analysis was performed adjusting for pathologic stage and smoking status. RESULTS Poorly differentiated tumors demonstrated a strong association with smoking relative to moderately differentiated or well differentiated tumors. However, unlike in prior reports, poorly differentiated tumors were not associated with a worse survival after curative-intent resection. Genomic analysis revealed that poorly differentiated tumors are associated with high tumor mutation burden but showed no association with oncogenic drivers. Immune analyses revealed that poorly differentiated tumors are associated with increased T-cell clonality, expression of PD-L1, and infiltration by cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, activated CD4 T-cells, and pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages. Finally, multivariate analysis controlling for stage and smoking status confirmed independence of immune differences between IASLC grade groups. CONCLUSIONS Poorly differentiated tumors, as defined by the updated IASLC grading criteria, are associated with a distinct immunogenic tumor microenvironment that predicts for therapeutic response to immune agents, including checkpoint inhibitors, and should be included in the clinical trial design of immunotherapy studies in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Akhave
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erin Bayley
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meredith Frank
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Won-Chul Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luisa Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jack J Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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5
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Redding LE, Tu V, Abbas A, Alvarez M, Zackular JP, Gu C, Bushman FD, Kelly DJ, Barnhart D, Lee JJ, Bittinger KL. Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile from canine, bovine, and pediatric populations. Anaerobe 2022; 74:102539. [PMID: 35217150 PMCID: PMC9359814 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Carriage of Clostridioides difficile by different species of animals has led to speculation that animals could represent a reservoir of this pathogen for human infections. The objective of this study was to compare C. difficile isolates from humans, dogs, and cattle from a restricted geographic area. Methods: C. difficile isolates from 36 dogs and 15 dairy calves underwent whole genome sequencing, and phenotypic assays assessing growth and virulence were performed. Genomes of animal-derived isolates were compared to 29 genomes of isolates from a pediatric population as well as 44 reference genomes. Results: Growth rates and relative cytotoxicity of isolates were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in bovine-derived isolates compared to pediatric- and canine-derived isolates. Analysis of core genes showed clustering by host species, though in a few cases, human strains co-clustered with canine or bovine strains, suggesting possible interspecies transmission. Geographic differences (e.g., farm, litter) were small compared to differences between species. In an analysis of accessory genes, the total number of genes in each genome varied between host species, with 6.7% of functional orthologs differentially present/absent between host species and bovine-derived strains having the lowest number of genes. Canine-derived isolates were most likely to be non-toxigenic and more likely to carry phages. A targeted study of episomes identified in local pediatric strains showed sharing of a methicillin-resistance plasmid with dogs, and historic sharing of a wide range of episomes across hosts. Bovine-derived isolates harbored the widest variety of antibiotic-resistance genes, followed by canine Conclusions: While C. difficile isolates mostly clustered by host species, occasional co-clustering of canine and pediatric-derived isolates suggests the possibility of interspecies transmission. The presence of a pool of resistance genes in animal-derived isolates with the potential to appear in humans given sufficient pressure from antibiotic use warrants concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Redding
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA.
| | - V Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - A Abbas
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M Alvarez
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J P Zackular
- Division of Protective Immunity, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C Gu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - F D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - D J Kelly
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - D Barnhart
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - K L Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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6
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Federico L, McGrail DJ, Bentebibel SE, Haymaker C, Ravelli A, Forget MA, Karpinets T, Jiang P, Reuben A, Negrao MV, Li J, Khairullah R, Zhang J, Weissferdt A, Vaporciyan AA, Antonoff MB, Walsh G, Lin SY, Futreal A, Wistuba I, Roth J, Byers LA, Gaudreau PO, Uraoka N, Cruz AF, Dejima H, Lazcano RN, Solis LM, Parra ER, Lee JJ, Swisher S, Cascone T, Heymach JV, Zhang J, Sepesi B, Gibbons DL, Bernatchez C. Distinct tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte landscapes are associated with clinical outcomes in localized non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:42-56. [PMID: 34653632 PMCID: PMC10019222 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) in cancer biology, the relationship between TIL phenotypes and their prognostic relevance for localized non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well established. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fresh tumor and normal adjacent tissue was prospectively collected from 150 patients with localized NSCLC. Tissue was comprehensively characterized by high-dimensional flow cytometry of TILs integrated with immunogenomic data from multiplex immunofluorescence, T-cell receptor sequencing, exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, targeted proteomics, and clinicopathologic features. RESULTS While neither the magnitude of TIL infiltration nor specific TIL subsets were significantly prognostic alone, the integration of high-dimensional flow cytometry data identified two major immunotypes (IM1 and IM2) that were predictive of recurrence-free survival independent of clinical characteristics. IM2 was associated with poor prognosis and characterized by the presence of proliferating TILs expressing cluster of differentiation 103, programmed cell death protein 1, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing protein 3, and inducible T-cell costimulator. Conversely, IM1 was associated with good prognosis and differentiated by an abundance of CD8+ T cells expressing cytolytic enzymes, CD4+ T cells lacking the expression of inhibitory receptors, and increased levels of B-cell infiltrates and tertiary lymphoid structures. While increased B-cell infiltration was associated with good prognosis, the best prognosis was observed in patients with tumors exhibiting high levels of both B cells and T cells. These findings were validated in patient tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that although the number of infiltrating T cells is not associated with patient survival, the nature of the infiltrating T cells, resolved in distinct TIL immunotypes, is prognostically relevant in NSCLC and may inform therapeutic approaches to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Federico
- Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - D J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S-E Bentebibel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - C Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Ravelli
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M-A Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - T Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - P Jiang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Reuben
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M V Negrao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R Khairullah
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A A Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M B Antonoff
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - G Walsh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S-Y Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - L A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - P-O Gaudreau
- Department of Oncology, Queens' University and the Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, Canada
| | - N Uraoka
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A F Cruz
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - H Dejima
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R N Lazcano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - L M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - E R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - T Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - B Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - D L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - C Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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7
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Lee JJ, Kang HY, Lee WI, Cho SY, Kim YJ, Lee HJ. Efflux pump gene expression study using RNA-seq in multidrug-resistant TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:974-981. [PMID: 34886926 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The mechanism underlying kanamycin (KM) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not well understood, although efflux pump proteins are thought to play a role. This study used RNA-seq data to investigate changes in the expression levels of efflux pump genes following exposure to KM.METHODS: RNA expression of efflux pump and regulatory genes following exposure to different concentrations of KM (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC 25 and MIC50) in rrs wild-type strain and rrs A1401G mutated strain were compared with the control group.RESULTS: The selected strains had differential RNA expression patterns. Among the 71 putative efflux pump and regulatory genes, 46 had significant fold changes, and 12 genes (Rv0842, Rv1146, Rv1258c, Rv1473, Rv1686c, Rv1687c, Rv1877, Rv2038c, Rv3065, Rv3197a, Rv3728 and Rv3789) that were overexpressed following exposure to KM were thought to contribute to drug resistance. Rv3197A (whiB7) showed a distinct fold change based on the concentration of KM.CONCLUSION: The significant changes in the expression of the efflux pump and regulatory genes following exposure to KM may provide insights into the identification of a new resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Y Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-I Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Cheng IT, Wong KT, Li EK, Wong PCH, Lai BT, Yim IC, Ying SK, Kwok KY, Li M, Li TK, Lee JJ, Lee AP, Tam LS. Comparison of carotid artery ultrasound and Framingham risk score for discriminating coronary artery disease in patients with psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open 2021; 6:rmdopen-2020-001364. [PMID: 32973102 PMCID: PMC7539857 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the performance of carotid ultrasound (US) parameters alone or in combination with Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in discriminating patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Ninety-one patients with PsA (56 males; age: 50±11 years, disease duration: 9.4±9.2 years) without overt cardiovascular (CV) diseases were recruited. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), the presence of plaque and total plaque area (TPA) was determined by high-resolution US. CAD was defined as the presence of any coronary plaque on coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Obstructive-CAD (O-CAD) was defined as >50% stenosis of the lumen. Results Thirty-five (38%) patients had carotid plaque. Fifty-four (59%) patients had CAD (CAD+) and 9 (10%) patients had O-CAD (O-CAD+). No significant associations between the presence of carotid plaque and CAD were found. However, cIMT and TPA were higher in both the CAD+ and O-CAD+ group compared with the CAD− or O-CAD− groups, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that mean cIMT was an independent explanatory variable associated with CAD and O-CAD, while maximum cIMT and TPA were independent explanatory variables associated with O-CAD after adjusting for covariates. The optimal cut-offs for detecting the presence of CAD were FRS >5% and mean cIMT at 0.62 mm (AUC: 0.71; sensitivity: 67%; specificity: 76%), while the optimal cut-offs for detecting the presence of O-CAD were FRS >10% in combination with mean cIMT at 0.73 mm (AUC: 0.71; sensitivity: 56%; specificity: 85%). Conclusion US parameters including cIMT and TPA may be considered in addition to FRS for CV risk stratification in patients with PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T Cheng
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Tak Wong
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Edmund K Li
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | - Shirley K Ying
- Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Martin Li
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tena K Li
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jack J Lee
- School of Public Health Division of Biostatistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong
| | - Alex P Lee
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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9
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Zeng Z, Fu J, Cibulskis C, Jhaveri A, Gumbs C, Das B, Sanchez-Espiridion B, Janssens S, Taing L, Wang J, Lindsay J, Vilimas T, Zhang J, Tokheim C, Sahu A, Jiang P, Yan C, Duose DY, Cerami E, Chen L, Cohen D, Chen Q, Enos R, Huang X, Lee JJ, Liu Y, Neuberg DS, Nguyen C, Patterson C, Sarkar S, Shukla S, Tang M, Tsuji J, Uduman M, Wang X, Weirather JL, Yu J, Yu J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Meerzaman D, Thurin M, Futreal A, Karlovich C, Gabriel SB, Wistuba II, Liu XS, Wu CJ. Cross-Site Concordance Evaluation of Tumor DNA and RNA Sequencing Platforms for the CIMAC-CIDC Network. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:5049-5061. [PMID: 33323402 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole-exome (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) are key components of cancer immunogenomic analyses. To evaluate the consistency of tumor WES and RNA-seq profiling platforms across different centers, the Cancer Immune Monitoring and Analysis Centers (CIMAC) and the Cancer Immunologic Data Commons (CIDC) conducted a systematic harmonization study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DNA and RNA were centrally extracted from fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded non-small cell lung carcinoma tumors and distributed to three centers for WES and RNA-seq profiling. In addition, two 10-plex HapMap cell line pools with known mutations were used to evaluate the accuracy of the WES platforms. RESULTS The WES platforms achieved high precision (> 0.98) and recall (> 0.87) on the HapMap pools when evaluated on loci using > 50× common coverage. Nonsynonymous mutations clustered by tumor sample, achieving an index of specific agreement above 0.67 among replicates, centers, and sample processing. A DV200 > 24% for RNA, as a putative presequencing RNA quality control (QC) metric, was found to be a reliable threshold for generating consistent expression readouts in RNA-seq and NanoString data. MedTIN > 30 was likewise assessed as a reliable RNA-seq QC metric, above which samples from the same tumor across replicates, centers, and sample processing runs could be robustly clustered and HLA typing, immune infiltration, and immune repertoire inference could be performed. CONCLUSIONS The CIMAC collaborating laboratory platforms effectively generated consistent WES and RNA-seq data and enable robust cross-trial comparisons and meta-analyses of highly complex immuno-oncology biomarker data across the NCI CIMAC-CIDC Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Zeng
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingxin Fu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Aashna Jhaveri
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Curtis Gumbs
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Biswajit Das
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Beatriz Sanchez-Espiridion
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Len Taing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - James Lindsay
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tomas Vilimas
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Collin Tokheim
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avinash Sahu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peng Jiang
- Cancer Data Science Lab, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dzifa Yawa Duose
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ethan Cerami
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Li Chen
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Xin Huang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jack J Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Sharmistha Sarkar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sachet Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Translational Immunogenomics Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junko Tsuji
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason L Weirather
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jijun Yu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joyce Yu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Magdalena Thurin
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chris Karlovich
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Ignacio Ivan Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Cheng IT, Li EK, Wong PC, Law MY, Yim IC, Lai BT, Ying SK, Kwok KY, Li M, Li TK, Lee JJ, Szeto CC, Yan BP, Lee AP, Tam LS. Treat to target and prevention of subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis-which target should we choose? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:2881-2892. [PMID: 32087023 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PsA patients who achieved sustained minimal disease activity (sMDA) had less subclinical atherosclerosis progression. The vascular effects of achieving other potential treatment targets, including the PsA Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) and the Disease Activity in PsA (DAPSA) score, remained uncertain. This study aimed to compare the vascular effects of achieving different treatment targets in PsA patients. METHOD This is a post hoc analysis of a 2 year treat-to-target study aimed at MDA. A total of 101 consecutive PsA patients without overt cardiovascular disease were recruited. High-resolution carotid ultrasound and arterial stiffness markers were assessed annually. Low disease activity (LDA) was defined as MDA, DAPSA ≤14 or PASDAS ≤3.2. Sustained disease control was defined as achieving these targets at each visit from month 12 until month 24. RESULTS Ninety patients [52 male (57.8%), age 50 years (s.d. 11)] who completed 24 months of follow-up were included in this analysis. A total of 44%, 48% and 45% of patients achieved sustained DAPSA LDA (sDAPDA-LDA), sustained PASDAS LDA (sPASDAS-LDA) and sMDA, respectively. Patients who achieved sMDA had significantly less progression of carotid intima-media thickness than those who did not (P = 0.031). Using multivariate analysis, achieving sMDA and sPASDAS-LDA had a protective effect on plaque progression, less increase in total plaque area, reduced mean intima-media thickness and reduced augmentation index after adjusting for covariates. In contrast, no significant differences in the progression of vascular parameters were demonstrated between patients who did or did not achieve sDAPSA-LDA. CONCLUSION Achieving sMDA/sDASPAS-LDA, but not sDAPSA-LDA, was associated with a protective effect in subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness progression. A multidimensional domain of disease control might be better in minimizing cardiovascular risk in PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edmund K Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Priscilla C Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mei Yan Law
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Isaac C Yim
- Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Billy T Lai
- Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Shirley K Ying
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kitty Y Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Martin Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tena K Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jack J Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alex P Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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11
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Kim J, Yu JZ, Chan RHW, Leung KL, Sumerlin TS, Fong B, Siu S, Lee JJ, Chung RY. Knowledge, attitudes and binge drinking among urban Chinese university students in Hong Kong. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although dormitory residents have been identified as a high-risk group for alcohol misuse in Chinese university settings, the factors associated with their drinking behaviors has not be characterized.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among hostel residents in two Hong Kong universities (n = 1455) using self-administered, anonymous surveys. In addition to examining the knowledge levels and drinking-related attitudes, we examined the factors associated with binge drinking in this population using multivariable regression analysis.
Results
Among university dormitory residents, the prevalence of past-month binge drinking was 26.8% among males and 12.8% among females. It was noted that although respondents demonstrated attitudes conducive towards alcohol-free socialization, they exhibited low levels of alcohol-related knowledge (mean knowledge score: 3.3/ 10, SD = 2.0). While about 59% were aware that alcohol is a carcinogen and that some medications should not be taken with alcohol, only 10.4% were familiar with symptoms of alcohol poisoning and only 23% were familiar with relative amounts of alcohol in different beverage categories. Of the respondents the factors independently associated with past-month binge drinking were: male sex, older age, full-time hostel residence, drinking roommates, drinking romantic partner, participation in drinking games, and having pro-alcohol attitudes (OR ranging from 1.33-3.69). Alcohol-related knowledge was not associated with binge drinking.
Conclusions
Although southern China is a low alcohol consumption area, binge drinking is common among university residents and requires multi-prong interventions. Heavy drinking is a neglected health problem among urban Chinese university students. Interventions targeting binge drinkers need to counteract pro-alcohol attitudes and peer effects. Increasing alcohol knowledge may additionally help to reduce alcohol-related harms in this age group.
Key messages
Urban Chinese university dormitory residents demonstrate low levels of alcohol knowledge. Pro-alcohol attitudes and peers effects need to be addressed in university anti-binge drinking interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Z Yu
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - R H W Chan
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K L Leung
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - T S Sumerlin
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - B Fong
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Siu
- KELY Organization, Hong Kong, China
| | - J J Lee
- The School of Nursing, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - R Y Chung
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Kim J, Chan RHW, Leung KL, Chan KYM, Chung RY, Fong B, Sumerlin TS, Siu S, Lee JJ. Second-hand harms of alcohol use in urban Chinese university students: A study from Hong Kong. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although second-harms alcohol harms, harms caused by the drinking of others, may contribute significantly to the public health burden of alcohol, these harms are an understudied area of public health research. This study aims to examine second-hand alcohol harms in among urban Chinese university students residing on campus who are were previously identified as a high risk group for alcohol misuse.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among hostel residents in two Hong Kong universities (n = 1455) using self-administered, anonymous surveys. We examined the prevalance and the factors associated with second-hand alcohol harms this population using multivariable regression analysis.
Results
Approximately 2/3 of the university residents experienced at least one second-hand drinking harm in the past year while 1/5 experienced 4 or more harms. The harms reported were: 1) inconveniences/disturbances (46.2%), psychological distress/anxiety/depression (32.9%), home arguments (28.3%), conflicts/arguments/insults in public (25.3%), worsened productivity/academics (22.2%), property damage/monetary loss (13.2%), accidents/injury/assault (11.7%) and having to deal with authorities/law enforcement (11.5%). Only 9.1% reported these harms to authorities. Participation in drinking games (OR = 1.44), having drinking roomates (OR = 1.37) or drinking romantic partner (OR = 1.89) were independently associated with likelihood of second-hand alcohol harms (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Although southern China is a low alcohol consumption region, there is a high prevalence of second-hand alcohol harms among university dorm residents. Universities in the region should rectify the near absence of alcohol-related topics in university health promotion.
Key messages
Harms from the drinking of others is a commonplace but underappreciated phenomenon among university campus residents. University health promotion in the region should include alcohol harms reduction topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - R H W Chan
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K L Leung
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K Y M Chan
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - R Y Chung
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - B Fong
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - T S Sumerlin
- The School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Siu
- KELY Organization, Hong Kong, China
| | - J J Lee
- The School of Nursing, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Haddad RI, Massarelli E, Lee JJ, Lin HY, Hutcheson K, Lewis J, Garden AS, Blumenschein GR, William WN, Pharaon RR, Tishler RB, Glisson BS, Pickering C, Gold KA, Johnson FM, Rabinowits G, Ginsberg LE, Williams MD, Myers J, Kies MS, Papadimitrakopoulou V. Weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, cetuximab, and cetuximab, docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil, followed by local therapy in previously untreated, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2020; 30:471-477. [PMID: 30596812 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival advantage of induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by locoregional treatment is controversial in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC). We previously showed feasibility and safety of cetuximab-based IC (paclitaxel/carboplatin/cetuximab-PCC, and docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil/cetuximab-C-TPF) followed by local therapy in LAHNSCC. The primary end point of this phase II clinical trial with randomization to PCC and C-TPF followed by combined local therapy in patients with LAHNSCC stratified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status and T-stage was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) compared with historical control. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were ≥18 years with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, oral cavity, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx with measurable stage IV (T0-4N2b-2c/3M0) and known HPV by p16 status. Stratification was by HPV and T-stage into one of the two risk groups: (i) low-risk: HPV-positive and T0-3 or HPV-negative and T0-2; (ii) intermediate/high-risk: HPV-positive and T4 or HPV-negative and T3-4. Patient reported outcomes were carried out. RESULTS A total of 136 patients were randomized in the study, 68 to each arm. With a median follow up of 3.2 years, the 2-year PFS in the PCC arm was 89% in the overall, 96% in the low-risk and 67% in the intermediate/high-risk groups; in the C-TPF arm 2-year PFS was 88% in the overall, 88% in the low-risk and 89% in the intermediate/high-risk groups. CONCLUSION The observed 2-year PFS of PCC in the low-risk group and of C-TPF in the intermediate/high-risk group showed a 20% improvement compared with the historical control derived from RTOG-0129, therefore reaching the primary end point of the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - E Massarelli
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte
| | - J J Lee
- Departments of Biostatistics
| | - H Y Lin
- Departments of Biostatistics
| | | | - J Lewis
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - A S Garden
- Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - G R Blumenschein
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - W N William
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Oncology Center, Hospital BP, A Beneficencia Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R R Pharaon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte
| | - R B Tishler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - B S Glisson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | - K A Gold
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla
| | - F M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - G Rabinowits
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Baptist Health South Florida, Coral Gables
| | | | - M D Williams
- Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - M S Kies
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - V Papadimitrakopoulou
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
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14
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Belkina AC, Azer M, Lee JJ, Elgaali HH, Pihl R, Cleveland M, Carr J, Kim S, Habib C, Hasturk H, Snyder-Cappione JE, Nikolajczyk BS. Single-Cell Analysis of the Periodontal Immune Niche in Type 2 Diabetes. J Dent Res 2020; 99:855-862. [PMID: 32186942 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520912188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common source of uncontrolled inflammation in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). PD apparently fuels the inflammation of T2D and associates with poor glycemic control and increased T2D morbidity. New therapeutics are critically needed to counter the sources of periodontal infection and inflammation that are accelerated in people with T2D. The precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between PD and T2D remain poorly understood. Every major immune cell subset has been implicated in the unresolved inflammation of PD, regardless of host metabolic health. However, analyses of inflammatory cells in PD with human periodontal tissue have generally focused on mRNA quantification and immunohistochemical analyses, both of which provide limited information on immune cell function. We used a combination of flow cytometry for cell surface markers and enzyme-linked immunospot methods to assess the subset distribution and function of immune cells isolated from gingiva of people who had PD and were systemically healthy, had PD and T2D (PD/T2D), or, for flow cytometry, were systemically and orally healthy. T-cell subsets dominated the cellular immune compartment in gingiva from all groups, and B cells were relatively rare. Although immune cell frequencies were similar among groups, a higher proportion of CD11b+ or CD4+ cells secreted IFNγ/IL-10 or IL-8, respectively, in cells from PD/T2D samples as compared with PD-alone samples. Our data indicate that fundamental differences in gingival immune cell function between PD and T2D-potentiated PD may account for the increased risk and severity of PD in subjects with T2D. Such differences may suggest unexpected therapeutic targets for alleviating periodontal inflammation in people with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Belkina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Flow Cytometry Core Facility, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Azer
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - H H Elgaali
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R Pihl
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Cleveland
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Carr
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Habib
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Hasturk
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J E Snyder-Cappione
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Kudo Y, Haymaker C, Zhang J, Reuben A, Duose DY, Fujimoto J, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Solis Soto LM, Dejima H, Parra ER, Mino B, Abraham R, Ikeda N, Vaporcyan A, Gibbons D, Zhang J, Lang FF, Luthra R, Lee JJ, Moran C, Huse JT, Kadara H, Wistuba II. Suppressed immune microenvironment and repertoire in brain metastases from patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1521-1530. [PMID: 31282941 PMCID: PMC6771224 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of lung cancer brain metastasis is largely unexplored. We carried out immune profiling and sequencing analysis of paired resected primary tumors and brain metastases of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS TIME profiling of archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of paired primary tumors and brain metastases from 39 patients with surgically resected NSCLCs was carried out using a 770 immune gene expression panel and by T-cell receptor beta repertoire (TCRβ) sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was carried out for validation. Targeted sequencing was carried out to catalog hot spot mutations in cancer genes. RESULTS Somatic hot spot mutations were mostly shared between both tumor sites (28/39 patients; 71%). We identified 161 differentially expressed genes, indicating inhibition of dendritic cell maturation, Th1, and leukocyte extravasation signaling pathways, in brain metastases compared with primary tumors (P < 0.01). The proinflammatory cell adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion protein 1 was significantly suppressed in brain metastases compared with primary tumors. Brain metastases exhibited lower T cell and elevated macrophage infiltration compared with primary tumors (P < 0.001). T-cell clones were expanded in 64% of brain metastases compared with their corresponding primary tumors. Furthermore, while TCR repertoires were largely shared between paired brain metastases and primary tumors, T-cell densities were sparse in the metastases. CONCLUSION We present findings that suggest that the TIME in brain metastases from NSCLC is immunosuppressed and comprises immune phenotypes (e.g. immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages) that may help guide immunotherapeutic strategies for NSCLC brain metastases.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Brain Neoplasms/secondary
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kudo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Reuben
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - D Y Duose
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S Roy-Chowdhuri
- Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - L M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - H Dejima
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - E R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - B Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R Abraham
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - N Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Vaporcyan
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - D Gibbons
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - F F Lang
- Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R Luthra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - C Moran
- Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J T Huse
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - H Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - I I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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16
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Kudo Y, Haymaker C, Zhang J, Reuben A, Duose DY, Fujimoto J, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Solis LM, Dejima H, Cuentas ER, Mino B, Abraham R, Ikeda N, Luthra R, Lee JJ, Kadara H, Huse JT, Wistuba II. Abstract 2790: Characterization of the immune microenvironment in brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose Brain metastases can induce life-threatening events and their immune microenvironment is still unrevealed. To elucidate the probability of immune-oncology therapy for brain metastases, we utilized immune profiling of resected brain metastases and paired non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods To compare pure tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or tumor tissues between NSCLC and brain metastases, macro-dissection was performed before extracting DNA and RNA from 39 patients who received surgical resection of local NSCLC tumor lesions and brain metastases from matched patients. We applied gene expression analysis of mRNA by using a 770 gene panel related with cancer immune cells. Targeted sequencing of 50 cancer hotspot genes on extracted DNA was performed for genotyping. TCRß sequencing of extracted DNA was utilized for profiling of TCR repertoire.
Results We identified 161 differentially expressed genes, which reflected inhibition of dendritic cell maturation pathway, Th1 pathway, and leukocyte extravasation signaling pathway in brain metastases (p < 0.01). VCAM1 was one of highly inter-connected network genes with low expression level in brain metastases. Immune cell profiling analysis illustrated low T-cell infiltration and higher ratio of macrophages against TILs in the brain metastases (p < 0.001). The detected mutations in genotyping analysis were completely shared in 28 patients (71%). TCR sequencing analysis revealed that T-cell clones were expanded in 64% of patients with brain metastases. The majority of TCR repertoire in brain metastases were principally shared with the paired NSCLC, while the density of T cells was sparse in the brain metastases.
Conclusion The microenvironment in brain metastases from NSCLC was revealed to be immunosuppressive, with the majority of T-cell clones in brain metastases being shared with the primary lesion.
Citation Format: Yujin Kudo, Cara Haymaker, Jiexin Zhang, Alexandre Reuben, Dzifa Yawa Duose, Junya Fujimoto, Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri, Luisa Maren Solis, Hitoshi Dejima, Edwin Roger Cuentas, Barbara Mino, Ronald Abraham, Norihiko Ikeda, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Jack J. Lee, Humam Kadara, Jason T. Huse, Ignacio I. Wistuba. Characterization of the immune microenvironment in brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2790.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kudo
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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17
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Yang RK, Wang P, Jelloul FZ, Routbort MJ, Kopetz S, Shaw KR, Lee JJ, Zhang J, Chen H, Patel KP, Luthra R, Broaddus RR. Abstract 3162: Prognostic value of tumor mutational burden using a 409 gene NGS panel in cancer patients with advanced stage recurrent or treatment refractory disease. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) is a promising biomarker for prediction of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). It is uncertain whether ICB has prognostic value outside of ICB therapy. The CMS400 next generation sequencing panel (NGS) is a 409 gene, 15,992 amplicon, and 1.745 Mb panel instituted during 2014-2015 and run for 556 cancer patients who had been consented for participation within a prospective molecular pathology biomarker trial (PA14-0099). All patients had advanced or recurrent solid tumor malignancies that were refractory to at least one line of systemic therapy prior to enrollment. Survival time was calculated from time of NGS-tested tissue collection. TMB was calculated by dividing reported mutations (RM) by 1.745Mb, the genetic footprint of the NGS panel. Subtraction of germline single nucleotide polymorphisms was performed for each patient. GraphPad Prism 7.03 software was used to calculate p values and to plot Kaplan-Meier survival curves. One hundred seven patients (19.2%) received ICB. When stratified by reported mutations (RM: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, 10-18, and >19), a statistically significant decrement of overall survival was seen with increasing TMB in patients not treated with ICB (Table 1, p<0.0001). Also, in patients treated with ICB, significantly increased overall survival was seen on the extreme ends of the TMB spectrum (Table 1, p=0.0249). In contrast, stratification by the top four histologic diagnoses (Colorectal ADCA [n=94] - 34.2 months, breast ductal ADCA [n=44] - 26.6 months, gynecologic high grade serous [n=39] - 45.6 months, and lung ADCA [n=30] - 31.5 months) did not show difference in overall survival (p=0.332). We report here a novel molecular phenomena showing that high TMB in patients with advanced cancers is associated with worse survival. This negative impact of high TMB can be reversed by treatment with ICB. These effects of ICB were seen across a broad spectrum of cancer types.
Median Survival Stratified by Tumor Mutational Burden and ICB Treatment StatusAll PtsAll PtsICB TreatedICB TreatedNo ICBNo ICBReported Mutations# of PtsMedian Survival (Months)# of PtsMedian Survival (Months)# of PtsMedian Survival (Months)p-value (Log-rank)Hazard Ratio of ICB Therapy95% CI of HR of ICB Therapy0 RM7150.71958.85248.50.3190.7050.368 - 1.341 RM8550.91262.07347.40.3390.6840.345 - 1.362 RM9433.91928.07533.90.8650.9510.535 - 1.693 RM8830.51951.26928.90.1890.7040.428 - 1.164-5 RM9330.81141.08230.40.5390.8150.442 - 1.506-7 RM4928.41127.33828.550.6230.8270.401 - 1.718-18 RM5623.95828.84823.10.5491.2520.553 - 2.84>19 RM2041.38102.31224.20.00230.1800.0599 - 0.543Total55635.810747.944933.40.00490.7070.567 - 0.882p-value (Log-rank)<0.00010.0249<0.0001
Citation Format: Richard K. Yang, Peng Wang, Fatima Z. Jelloul, Mark J. Routbort, Scott Kopetz, Kenna R. Shaw, Jack J. Lee, Jiexin Zhang, Hui Chen, Keyur P. Patel, Raja Luthra, Russell R. Broaddus. Prognostic value of tumor mutational burden using a 409 gene NGS panel in cancer patients with advanced stage recurrent or treatment refractory disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3162.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Wang
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Chen
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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18
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Yang KC, Wang ST, Lee JJ, Fann JCY, Chiu SYH, Chen SLS, Yen AMF, Chen HH, Chen MK, Hung HF. Bone mineral density as a dose-response predictor for osteoporosis: a propensity score analysis of longitudinal incident study (KCIS no. 39). QJM 2019; 112:327-333. [PMID: 30629251 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a global disease burden for aging society. The role of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in the prediction for osteoporosis in a dose-response manner is hardly addressed. AIM We aimed to show the dose-response of QUS measurement in the prediction for osteoporosis by a community-based study. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. METHODS Participants were recruited between 2000 and 2004. Demographic data and heel QUS measurement were collected at baseline. Diagnosis of osteoporosis was ascertained by the follow-up of this cohort over time. In order to reduce the imbalance of baseline characteristics in the observational study, we applied propensity score by using proportional odds regression analysis to match the quintiles of QUS T-score. RESULTS A total of 44 957 subjects composed of 17 678 men (39.3%) and 27 279 women (69.7%) were recruited. After adjustments for propensity score, an increase in one unit of QUB T-score led to 7% reduction in the risk for osteoporosis [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89-0.96, P < 0.0001]. Higher quintile of QUS T-score yielded a lower risk of osteoporosis with a gradient relationship [OR: 0.82 (95%CI: 0.72-0.92); OR: 0.81 (95%CI: 0.71-0.91); OR: 0.77 (95%CI: 0.68-0.87) and OR: 0.76 (95%CI: 0.67-0.86)] from the second to highest quintile opposed to first quintile (P < 0.0001). The cumulative incidence of osteoporosis was higher in the lower quintile during follow-up (log-rank test, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION QUS is an independent predictor for osteoporosis in a dose-response manner using a large population-based cohort. Due to the lower cost and portability of QUS measurement, the pre-screening for osteoporosis by QUS can be considered in the area with limited resources can be a feasible and alternative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-C Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Science and Wellness Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-T Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Management Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J C-Y Fann
- Department of Health Industry Management, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - S Y-H Chiu
- Department of Health Care Management and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S L-S Chen
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A M-F Yen
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-H Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-K Chen
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, No.25, Lane 442, Sec.1, Jingguo Rd., Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - H-F Hung
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, No.25, Lane 442, Sec.1, Jingguo Rd., Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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19
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Trivedi MS, Samimi G, Wright JD, Holcomb K, Garber JE, Horowitz NS, Arber N, Friedman E, Wenham RM, House M, Parnes H, Lee JJ, Abutaseh S, Vornik LA, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Brown PH, Crew KD. Abstract OT2-09-01: Pilot study of denosumab in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers scheduling for risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-ot2-09-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANKL and is approved for the prevention of fractures in patients with osteoporosis or bone metastases. The RANKL signaling pathway is also involved in BRCA1-associated mammary tumorigenesis via a progesterone-induced paracrine effect of RANKL on luminal progenitor cells. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that RANKL inhibition resulted in reduced proliferation of mammary tumors. Early findings from an ongoing pre-surgical study demonstrated that denosumab treatment resulted in decreased Ki67 proliferation index in benign breast tissue. Based on these data, denosumab is being pursued as a potential preventive agent for breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers. While promising, the effect of RANKL inhibition on gynecologic tissues such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes, in which progesterone has a protective effect, is unknown.
Trial design: We will conduct a multicenter, open-label randomized pilot study of presurgical administration of denosumab versus no treatment in premenopausal women with BRCA1/2 mutations undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). A total of 60 women will be randomized 1:1 to Arm 1) 3-4 doses of 120 mg denosumab subcutaneously every 4 weeks or Arm 2) No treatment. Participants will be stratified by 1) BRCA1 versus BRCA2 mutation status and 2) Use of hormonal contraceptives within the past 3 months (yes/no). Assuming a 10% unevaluable rate, we expect to have 54 evaluable participants (27 per arm).
Eligibility criteria: 1) Premenopausal women (defined as < 3 months since last menstrual period OR serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) < 20 mIU/mL), age > 18 years; 2) Documented germline pathogenic mutation or likely pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene; 3) Plan for RRSO with or without hysterectomy; 4) ECOG performance status ≤ 1 (Karnofsky ≥ 70%); 5) Normal organ and marrow function; 6) Negative pregnancy test and use of adequate contraception; 7) Willingness to take supplemental oral calcium and vitamin D3; 8) Dental examination within 6 months of enrollment and no evidence of active dental issues; 9) Ability to understand and willingness to provide informed consent.
Specific aims: Our primary objective is to compare the effect of denosumab to no treatment on Ki67 expression in the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube. Secondary objectives are to assess Ki67 in ovary and endometrium; cleaved caspase-3, RANK/RANKL, ER/PR, CD44, and STAT3/pSTAT3 expression in fallopian tube, ovary, and endometrium; gene expression profiling in the fallopian tube and ovary; serum markers (progesterone, estradiol, C-terminal telopeptide) and denosumab levels; and toxicity.
Statistical methods: The primary endpoint is post-treatment Ki67 expression in the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube in the denosumab arm compared to the no treatment arm. Assuming a standard deviation of 5.0%, we will have 82% power to detect a 4.0% absolute difference (or effect size of 0.8) in Ki67 proliferation index between the denosumab and no treatment groups by applying a 2-sample t-test at a 0.05 significance level.
Target accrual: 60 participants, to be activated in Summer 2018.
Citation Format: Trivedi MS, Samimi G, Wright JD, Holcomb K, Garber JE, Horowitz NS, Arber N, Friedman E, Wenham RM, House M, Parnes H, Lee JJ, Abutaseh S, Vornik LA, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Brown PH, Crew KD. Pilot study of denosumab in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers scheduling for risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-09-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- MS Trivedi
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - G Samimi
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - JD Wright
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - K Holcomb
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - JE Garber
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - NS Horowitz
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - N Arber
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - E Friedman
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - RM Wenham
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M House
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Parnes
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - JJ Lee
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Abutaseh
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - LA Vornik
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - BM Heckman-Stoddard
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - PH Brown
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - KD Crew
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Thomas PS, Patel AB, Contreras A, Liu DD, Lee JJ, Khan S, Vornik LA, Dimond EP, Perloff M, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Brown PH. Abstract OT2-09-02: A phase I dose escalation study of topical bexarotene in women at high risk for breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-ot2-09-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer prevention with anti-estrogens, including tamoxifen, raloxifene, and exemestane, has been shown to reduce the incidence of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, agents that can reduce the incidence of hormone receptor negative breast cancer are currently lacking. Rexinoids such as bexarotene are vitamin A analogues that have been shown to be involved in cell differentiation, growth, and apoptosis. In preclinical mouse models that develop ER-negative breast cancers, bexarotene showed a significant reduction in mammary tumor development. Oral bexarotene has been evaluated in BRCA mutation carriers and significant decreases in cyclin D1 were noted in breast cells suggesting biological activity of bexarotene on breast tissue. Systemic side effects of hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism were also found. Data from chemoprevention studies with topical 4-hydroxytamoxifen support the concept of topical agents penetrating into the breast tissue and exhibiting biological activity in the tissue. We hypothesize that topical bexarotene can be applied to the breast as a chemoprevention agent with penetration to the breast tissue without subsequent systemic side effects and toxicity as seen with oral bexarotene.
Trial Design: Women at high risk for breast cancer will be recruited and assigned to one of three different dose levels: 10mg (1ml) every other day, 10mg (1ml) daily, 20mg (2ml) daily to one unaffected breast for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study is to determine the recommended phase II dose of topical bexarotene 1% gel for evaluation in healthy at-risk women. Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) is defined as a grade 2 skin adverse event that persists for at least 6 days or any grade 3 or greater adverse event related to the study drug. A grade 2 skin adverse event that recurs and persists for at least 3 days is also a DLT. The Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) will be defined as the highest dose level at which no more than 2 participants experience a DLT among 10 participants treated. A conservative modification of the standard “3+3” design will be applied. The first three participants will be assigned to the lowest dose level. New cohorts of 3-4 participants will not be treated until toxicity has been fully evaluated for all current participants through 4 weeks. Once the MTD has been determined, an expansion cohort of an additional 10 patients will be recruited at the MTD to further evaluate safety and toxicity at this dose level as well bexarotene concentration in the breast tissue. Secondary endpoints include serum bexarotene level, tissue bexarotene levels, and changes in thyroid function tests, lipid profile, and calcium. The planned accrual for this study if maximally accrued to all dose levels and the dose expansion cohort will be 40 participants.
Citation Format: Thomas PS, Patel AB, Contreras A, Liu DD, Lee JJ, Khan S, Vornik LA, Dimond EP, Perloff M, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Brown PH. A phase I dose escalation study of topical bexarotene in women at high risk for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-09-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- PS Thomas
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - AB Patel
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - A Contreras
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - DD Liu
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - JJ Lee
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - S Khan
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - LA Vornik
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - EP Dimond
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - M Perloff
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - BM Heckman-Stoddard
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - PH Brown
- University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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21
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Hong DS, Bauer TM, Lee JJ, Dowlati A, Brose MS, Farago AF, Taylor M, Shaw AT, Montez S, Meric-Bernstam F, Smith S, Tuch BB, Ebata K, Cruickshank S, Cox MC, Burris HA, Doebele RC. Larotrectinib in adult patients with solid tumours: a multi-centre, open-label, phase I dose-escalation study. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:325-331. [PMID: 30624546 PMCID: PMC6386027 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 gene fusions (NTRK gene fusions) occur in a range of adult cancers. Larotrectinib is a potent and highly selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of TRK kinases and has demonstrated activity in patients with tumours harbouring NTRK gene fusions. PATIENTS AND METHODS This multi-centre, phase I dose escalation study enrolled adults with metastatic solid tumours, regardless of NTRK gene fusion status. Key inclusion criteria included evaluable and/or measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Larotrectinib was administered orally once or twice daily, on a continuous 28-day schedule, in increasing dose levels according to a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation scheme. The primary end point was the safety of larotrectinib, including dose-limiting toxicity. RESULTS Seventy patients (8 with tumours with NTRK gene fusions; 62 with tumours without a documented NTRK gene fusion) were enrolled to 6 dose cohorts. There were four dose-limiting toxicities; none led to study drug discontinuation. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Larotrectinib-related adverse events were predominantly grade 1; none were grade 4 or 5. The most common grade 3 larotrectinib-related adverse event was anaemia [4 (6%) of 70 patients]. A dose of 100 mg twice daily was recommended for phase II studies based on tolerability and antitumour activity. In patients with evaluable TRK fusion cancer, the objective response rate by independent review was 100% (eight of the eight patients). Eight (12%) of the 67 assessable patients overall had an objective response by investigator assessment. Median duration of response was not reached. Larotrectinib had limited activity in tumours with NTRK mutations or amplifications. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed exposure was generally proportional to administered dose. CONCLUSIONS Larotrectinib was well tolerated, demonstrated activity in all patients with tumours harbouring NTRK gene fusions, and represents a new treatment option for such patients. CLINCALTRIALS.GOV NUMBER NCT02122913.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - T M Bauer
- Medical Oncology, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - A Dowlati
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - M S Brose
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A F Farago
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - M Taylor
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - A T Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - S Montez
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - F Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S Smith
- Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, USA
| | - B B Tuch
- Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, USA
| | - K Ebata
- Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - M C Cox
- Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, USA
| | - H A Burris
- Medical Oncology, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, USA
| | - R C Doebele
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, USA
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22
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Lee JJ, Hsieh CL, Widman J, Mingala C, Ardeza Villanueva M, Feng H, Divers T, Chang YF. A luminescence-based assay for evaluating bactericidal antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in vaccinated horses' serum. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:669-673. [PMID: 30648279 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current serological tests cannot discriminate between bactericidal Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies from others that are merely a response to Borrelia antigenic stimulation. OBJECTIVE To develop a sensitive and convenient luminescence-based serum bactericidal assay (L-SBA) to identify serum borreliacidal activity. STUDY DESIGN Prospective validation study and method comparison. METHODS Serum samples were obtained either from archives of the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University (N = 7) or from a vaccination trial (N = 238). Endogenous complement-inactivated serum sample was incubated with exogenic complement and B. burgdorferi ML23 pBBE22luc, which is able to process luciferin with luciferase and produce luminescence in viable Borrelia. After incubation, a light signal can be detected by using a luminometer to calculate the borreliacidal antibody titre. RESULTS Components of the reaction mixture including spirochetes and complement from various sources and concentrations were tested to identify a reliable recipe for our complement-mediated L-SBA. We also applied this L-SBA on measuring bactericidal antibody activities and calculated the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of serum samples from clinical collections. Furthermore, we analysed the L-SBA titres and anti-outer surface protein A (OspA) antibody levels from vaccinated horses using the multiplex assays and found that there is a relationship between results generated using these two different assays. The increases of L-SBA titres correlated with increases of anti-OspA antibody titre in sera (r = 0.423). MAIN LIMITATIONS Immunoreactivity of commercial complement may differ from different batches. Clinical protection of borreliacidal antibody levels has not been determined. CONCLUSIONS The L-SBA provided a sensitive and easy-operating platform for the evaluation of bactericidal antibody to B. burgdorferi, and we anticipated L-SBA would function well as an evaluation tool of vaccine efficiency in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lee
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - C L Hsieh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - J Widman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - C Mingala
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - M Ardeza Villanueva
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - H Feng
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - T Divers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Y-F Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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23
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Cheng IT, Shang Q, Li EK, Wong PC, Kun EW, Law MY, Yip RM, Yim IC, Lai BT, Ying SK, Kwok KY, Li M, Li TK, Zhu TY, Lee JJ, Chang MM, Szeto CC, Yan BP, Lee AP, Tam LS. Effect of Achieving Minimal Disease Activity on the Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Arterial Stiffness: A Prospective Cohort Study in Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:271-280. [PMID: 30144299 DOI: 10.1002/art.40695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of achieving minimal disease activity (MDA) on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS A total of 101 consecutive patients with PsA were recruited for this prospective cohort study. All patients received protocolized treatment targeting MDA for a period of 2 years. High-resolution carotid ultrasound and arterial stiffness markers were assessed annually. The primary outcome measure was the effect of achieving MDA at 12 months (MDA group) on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis over a period of 24 months. Secondary objectives were to compare the changes in arterial stiffness markers over 24 months between the MDA and non-MDA groups, as well as the changes in subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness markers in patients who achieved MDA at each visit from month 12 through month 24 (sustained MDA [sMDA]). RESULTS Ninety PsA patients (mean ± SD age 50 ± 11 years, 58% male [n = 52]) who completed 24 months of follow-up were included in this analysis. Fifty-seven patients (63%) had achieved MDA at 12 months. Subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness outcomes were similar between the MDA and non-MDA groups. Forty-one patients (46%) achieved sMDA. As shown by multivariate analysis, achieving sMDA had a protective effect on plaque progression (odds ratio 0.273 [95% confidence interval 0.088-0.846], P = 0.024), and less of an increase in total plaque area, mean intima-media thickness, and augmentation index values after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSION Our results support the recommendation that once MDA is achieved, it should ideally be maintained for a prolonged period in order to prevent progression of carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in patients with PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T Cheng
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qing Shang
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edmund K Li
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Priscilla C Wong
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Mei Yan Law
- Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Li
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tena K Li
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tracy Y Zhu
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jack J Lee
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mimi M Chang
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bryan P Yan
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alex P Lee
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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24
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Lee JJ, Shimony JS, Jafri H, Zazulia AR, Dacey RG, Zipfel GR, Derdeyn CP. Hemodynamic Impairment Measured by Positron-Emission Tomography Is Regionally Associated with Decreased Cortical Thickness in Moyamoya Phenomenon. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:2037-2044. [PMID: 30361434 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity has been associated with decreased cortical thickness in patients with arterial occlusive diseases. This study tests the hypothesis that severe hemodynamic impairment, indicated by increased oxygen extraction fraction ratios on positron-emission tomography with 15O tracers, is associated with decreased cortical thickness in patients with Moyamoya phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with unilateral or bilateral idiopathic Moyamoya phenomenon were recruited. Oxygen extraction fraction ratio maps were generated from cerebral images of O[15O] counts divided by H2[15O] counts with normalization by corresponding cerebellar counts. The normal range of the oxygen extraction fraction ratio was estimated from historically available healthy control subjects. Cortical thickness was estimated from T1-weighted MR imaging and FreeSurfer. Regional samples of oxygen extraction fraction ratios and cortical thicknesses were drawn using FreeSurfer parcellations, retaining only parcellations from the vascular territory of the middle cerebral artery. RESULTS Complete MR imaging and PET datasets were available in 35 subjects, including 23 women; the mean age at scanning was 44 years. Patients with Moyamoya phenomenon had a significantly increased regional oxygen extraction fraction ratio compared with 15 healthy control subjects (P < .001). Regional oxygen extraction fraction ratio and age were significant predictors of cortical thickness (P < .001 for each) in a generalized linear mixed-effects model. Using hemisphere averages and patient averages, we found that only age was a significant predictor of cortical thickness (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Chronic hemodynamic impairment, as indicated by a higher regional oxygen extraction fraction ratio, was significantly predictive of reduced cortical thickness in mixed-effects analysis of FreeSurfer regions. This phenomenon may be related to reversible metabolic down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lee
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (J.J.L., J.S.S., H.J., A.R.Z.)
| | - J S Shimony
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (J.J.L., J.S.S., H.J., A.R.Z.)
| | - H Jafri
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (J.J.L., J.S.S., H.J., A.R.Z.)
| | - A R Zazulia
- From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (J.J.L., J.S.S., H.J., A.R.Z.).,Departments of Neurology (A.R.Z., G.R.Z.)
| | - R G Dacey
- Neurosurgery (R.G.D., G.R.Z.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - G R Zipfel
- Departments of Neurology (A.R.Z., G.R.Z.).,Neurosurgery (R.G.D., G.R.Z.), Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - C P Derdeyn
- Department of Radiology (C.P.D.), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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25
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Shen J, Griffith JF, Zhu TY, Tang P, Kun EW, Lee VK, Yip RM, Kwok KY, Ying SK, Ho CT, Lau SL, Pui MO, Li TK, Lau EY, Lee JJ, Qin L, Tam LS. Bone Mass, Microstructure, and Strength Can Discriminate Vertebral Fracture in Patients on Long-Term Steroid Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3340-3349. [PMID: 29982545 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Measurement of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was able to predict fracture risk. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) yields additional information about volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), microarchitecture, and strength that may increase our understanding of fracture susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether vBMD, microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength derived from HR-pQCT can discriminate vertebral fractures in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) independent of aBMD. DESIGN A cross-sectional case-control study. SETTING Seven regional hospitals in Hong Kong. PATIENTS A total of 110 patients on long-term glucocorticoids with vertebral fracture, determined radiographically, and 110 patients on long-term glucocorticoids without fracture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed vBMD, microarchitecture, and bone strength; aBMD; and fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). RESULTS Patients with vertebral fracture had lower total vBMD and a thinner cortex at the distal tibia after adjustment for age, sex, and aBMD or FRAX. In the antiresorptive treatment-naive subgroup, patients with vertebral fracture also had lower total vBMD at both the distal radius and the tibia after adjustment for covariates. Lower total vBMD and a thinner cortex were also noticed in the nonosteoporotic or FRAX score of <10% subgroups with vertebral fracture and were also associated with increasing prevalence of vertebral fracture. CONCLUSION Patients with GIOP and vertebral fracture have a significant reduction in total vBMD and cortical thinning independent of aBMD and FRAX. These changes may help identify high-risk patients in the subgroups currently considered to have low fracture risk as assessed by DXA or FRAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Shen
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James F Griffith
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tracy Y Zhu
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Peggy Tang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Emily W Kun
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Violet K Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald M Yip
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kitty Y Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Shirley K Ying
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen T Ho
- Department of Medicine, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Sze-Lok Lau
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michelle O Pui
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tena K Li
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eleven Y Lau
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jack J Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, The Jockey Club School of Public Health & Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ling Qin
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Tang X, Lu W, Zhang J, Berhens C, Parra ER, Wineman J, Zhang J, Gibbons DL, Koeppel M, Kerns BJ, Stern M, Sepesi B, Lee JJ, Wistuba II. Abstract 4054: Gene expression difference (GED) revealed immune function gene down-regulation as tumor-associated inflammatory cell (TAIC) infiltration in microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Advances in molecular analyses of tumor tissues based on high-throughput technologies can contribute to a better prediction of disease prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapies. We investigated the GED related to immune response in a large cohort of NSCLC. Methods Using low-input, high-throughput HTG EdgeSeq assay, we examined expression of a panel of 549 immune response-related genes (28 are categorized as immune function genes) in FFPE tumor tissues of 226 surgically resected, stage I to III NSCLCs (137 adenocarcinomas [ADC] and 89 squamous cell carcinomas [SqCC]) with annotated clinical, pathological characteristics. Molecular data were available on mutations of EGFR and KRAS (cases=126), STK11, PIK3CA and TP53 by whole exome sequencing (n=180), and TAICs density detected by IHC (CD3, CD4, CD68, CD8, FOXP3, GZB, PD-L1 and PD-1) (n=145). We associated GED to 12 clinical, pathological or molecular characteristics including age, gender, smoking history, histology, stage, size, lymph node status and gene mutations of tumors and to patients' outcome (recurrence free survival [RFS] and overall survival [OS]). Results Univariate analysis showed upregulations of 82 genes in ADC and 89 in SqCC by comparing each other (P≤0.001). In ADC, 23 GEDs [FDR (false discover rate) ≤5%] associated with ever smoking history (8 up- and 15 down-regulated). Some genes were identified to be associated with mutations of EGFR, KRAS, STK11, PIK3CA and P53 genes. GEDs were identified in the tumors with TAIC high density by IHC. In ADC, 192 genes were down- and 191 up-regulated; while among the 28 immune function genes 21 down- and, only the gene APP (in all 8 high density TAICs) up-regulated. In SqCC, 121 genes down- and 112 up-regulated; while in the 28 genes 17 were down- and only the gene CAP up-regulated slightly in the high FOXP3 tumors. Cox proportional hazard model using FDR 5% in multi-testing showed that in ADC treated with adjuvant chemotherapy high-expression in 10 genes such as CD52, CD74 and HLA-DRA having a beneficial and 5 genes such as HRT2 and SERPINB2 having worse effect on OS; in the ADC patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy, high-expression of PIK3CD showed beneficial and, TTK and CXCL8 showed detrimental effect on OS; no gene was found to be associated with RFS in ADC and with OS and RFS in SqCC. Conclusion Gene expression profiling analysis of a panel of immune-related genes using low-input mRNA from FFPE tumor tissues revealed a number of genes associating to tumor characteristics, gene mutation patterns and TAIC infiltration in NSCLC. Interestingly, almost of immune function genes were down-regulated in the tumor with TAIC high density in NSCLC. (Supported in part by grant CPRIT RP160668)
Citation Format: Ximing Tang, Wei Lu, Jiexin Zhang, Carmen Berhens, Edwin R. Parra, John Wineman, Jianjun Zhang, Don Lynn Gibbons, Mark Koeppel, BJ Kerns, Mark Stern, Boris Sepesi, Jack J. Lee, Ignacio I. Wistuba. Gene expression difference (GED) revealed immune function gene down-regulation as tumor-associated inflammatory cell (TAIC) infiltration in microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4054.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Lu
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - BJ Kerns
- 2HTG Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., Tucson, AZ
| | - Mark Stern
- 3HTG Molecular Diagnostics, Inc, Tucson, AZ
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Choe JW, Lee JJ, Hyun JJ. Gastrointestinal: Unusual cause of acute cholangitis in a chronic pancreatitis patient. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1164. [PMID: 29607537 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Choe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - J J Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - J J Hyun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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28
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Gerber S, Yang SL, Zhu D, Soifer H, Sobota JA, Rebec S, Lee JJ, Jia T, Moritz B, Jia C, Gauthier A, Li Y, Leuenberger D, Zhang Y, Chaix L, Li W, Jang H, Lee JS, Yi M, Dakovski GL, Song S, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Kim KW, Chuang YD, Hussain Z, Moore RG, Devereaux TP, Lee WS, Kirchmann PS, Shen ZX. Femtosecond electron-phonon lock-in by photoemission and x-ray free-electron laser. Science 2018; 357:71-75. [PMID: 28684521 DOI: 10.1126/science.aak9946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The interactions that lead to the emergence of superconductivity in iron-based materials remain a subject of debate. It has been suggested that electron-electron correlations enhance electron-phonon coupling in iron selenide (FeSe) and related pnictides, but direct experimental verification has been lacking. Here we show that the electron-phonon coupling strength in FeSe can be quantified by combining two time-domain experiments into a "coherent lock-in" measurement in the terahertz regime. X-ray diffraction tracks the light-induced femtosecond coherent lattice motion at a single phonon frequency, and photoemission monitors the subsequent coherent changes in the electronic band structure. Comparison with theory reveals a strong enhancement of the coupling strength in FeSe owing to correlation effects. Given that the electron-phonon coupling affects superconductivity exponentially, this enhancement highlights the importance of the cooperative interplay between electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gerber
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,SwissFEL and Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S-L Yang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - H Soifer
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J A Sobota
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S Rebec
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T Jia
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - B Moritz
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - C Jia
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A Gauthier
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - D Leuenberger
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - L Chaix
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - H Jang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J-S Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M Yi
- Department of Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - K W Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Z Hussain
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - T P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W-S Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - P S Kirchmann
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Z-X Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. .,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.107.
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Wright BL, Ochkur SI, Olson NS, Shim KP, Jacobsen EA, Rank MA, Dellon ES, Lee JJ. Normalized serum eosinophil peroxidase levels are inversely correlated with esophageal eosinophilia in eosinophilic esophagitis. Dis Esophagus 2017; 31:4714780. [PMID: 29228243 PMCID: PMC7373170 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophil peroxidase is an eosinophil-specific, cytoplasmic protein stored in the secondary granules of eosinophils. While eosinophil peroxidase deposition is increased in the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE), its potential role as a peripheral marker is unknown. This study aims to examine the relationship between serum eosinophil peroxidase and esophageal eosinophilia in eosinophilic esophagitis. Prospectively collected serum from 19 subjects with incident EoE prior to treatment and 20 non-EoE controls were tested for serum eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophilic cationic protein, and eosinophil derived neurotoxin using ELISA. Matching esophageal tissue sections were stained and assessed for eosinophil peroxidase deposition using a histopathologic scoring algorithm. Mean peripheral blood absolute eosinophil counts in eosinophilic esophagitis subjects were significantly elevated compared to controls (363 vs. 195 cells/μL, P = 0.008). Absolute median serum eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil cationic protein, and eosinophil derived neurotoxin did not differ between groups; however, when normalized for absolute eosinophil counts, eosinophilic esophagitis subjects had significantly lower median eosinophil peroxidase levels (2.56 vs. 6.96 ng/mL per eos/μL, P = 0.002, AUC 0.79 (0.64, 0.94 95% CI)). Multivariate analysis demonstrated this relationship persisted after controlling for atopy. Esophageal biopsies from eosinophilic esophagitis subjects demonstrated marked eosinophil peroxidase deposition (median score 46 vs. 0, P < 0.0001). Normalized eosinophil peroxidase levels inversely correlated with esophageal eosinophil density (r = -0.41, P = 0.009). In contrast to marked tissue eosinophil degranulation, circulating eosinophils appear to retain their granule proteins in EoE. Investigations of normalized serum eosinophil peroxidase levels as a biomarker of EoE are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona,Address correspondence to: Benjamin L. Wright, MD, Assistant Professor, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
| | - S I Ochkur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale
| | - N S Olson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale
| | - K P Shim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale
| | - E A Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale
| | - M A Rank
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine
| | - E S Dellon
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale
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Choi HH, Ha EJ, Lee JJ, Yoo DH, Cho WS, Kim JE, Cho YD, Han MH, Kang HS. Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Intracranial Aneurysms: Procedural Rupture versus Spontaneous Rupture. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:2126-2130. [PMID: 28860217 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Procedural rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a devastating complication in endovascular treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with procedural rupture of unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms compared with those with spontaneously ruptured aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed for 1340 patients with 1595 unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms that underwent endovascular coil embolization between February 2010 and December 2014. The clinical outcomes of patients with procedural rupture of unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms were compared with those of 198 patients presenting with spontaneously ruptured aneurysms. RESULTS In this series, procedural rupture developed in 19 patients (1.4% per patient and 1.2% per aneurysm), and the morbidity related to procedural rupture was 26.3% (95% confidence interval, 8.5%-61.4%) with no mortality. Hunt and Hess scale grades and hospitalization days of patients with procedural rupture were equivalent to those of patients presenting with spontaneous aneurysm rupture. Subsequent treatment procedures after hemorrhage (including lumbar drainage, extraventricular drainage, decompressive craniectomy, and permanent shunt) showed no difference between the 2 groups. The hemorrhage volumes were smaller in the procedural-rupture group (P = .03), and the endovascular vasospasm therapies tended to be more frequently required in the spontaneous aneurysm-rupture group (P = .08). At postictus 6 months, the proportion of modified Rankin Scale scores of ≥2 were lower in the procedural-rupture group (5.3% versus 26.8%, P = .049). In multivariate analysis, spontaneous aneurysm rupture was a significant risk factor for worse clinical outcome (OR = 14.9; 95% CI, 1.2-193.1; P = .039). CONCLUSIONS This study showed better clinical outcomes in the procedural-rupture group. Even though there is a potential chance of aneurysm rupture during treatment, the clinical outcomes after procedural bleeds seem to be more favorable than those of spontaneous rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Choi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (H.H.C.), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Dongguk University Hospital, Ilsan, Korea
| | - E J Ha
- Departments of Neurosurgery (E.J.H., W.-S.C., J.E.K., H.-S.K.)
| | - J J Lee
- Radiology (J.J.L., D.H.Y., Y.D.C, M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Yoo
- Radiology (J.J.L., D.H.Y., Y.D.C, M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-S Cho
- Departments of Neurosurgery (E.J.H., W.-S.C., J.E.K., H.-S.K.)
| | - J E Kim
- Departments of Neurosurgery (E.J.H., W.-S.C., J.E.K., H.-S.K.)
| | - Y D Cho
- Radiology (J.J.L., D.H.Y., Y.D.C, M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M H Han
- Radiology (J.J.L., D.H.Y., Y.D.C, M.H.H.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Kang
- Departments of Neurosurgery (E.J.H., W.-S.C., J.E.K., H.-S.K.)
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Cascone T, Xu L, Lin HY, Liu W, Tran HT, Liu Y, Howells K, Haddad V, Hanrahan E, Nilsson MB, Cortez MA, Giri U, Kadara H, Saigal B, Park YY, Peng W, Lee JS, Ryan AJ, Jüergensmeier JM, Herbst RS, Wang J, Langley RR, Wistuba II, Lee JJ, Heymach JV. The HGF/c-MET Pathway Is a Driver and Biomarker of VEGFR-inhibitor Resistance and Vascular Remodeling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5489-5501. [PMID: 28559461 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Resistance to VEGFR inhibitors is a major obstacle in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the cellular mechanisms mediating resistance of NSCLCs to VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Experimental Design: We generated murine models of human NSCLC and performed targeted inhibition studies with the VEGFR TKIs cediranib and vandetanib. We used species-specific hybridization of microarrays to compare cancer (human) and stromal (mouse) cell transcriptomes of TKI-sensitive and -resistant tumors. We measured tumor microvascular density and vessel tortuosity to characterize the effects of therapy on the tumor vascular bed. Circulating cytokine and angiogenic factor levels in patients enrolled in VEGFR TKI trials were correlated with clinical outcomes.Results: Murine xenograft models of human lung adenocarcinoma were initially sensitive to VEGFR TKIs, but developed resistance to treatment. Species-specific microarray analysis identified increased expression of stromal-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a candidate mediator of TKI resistance and its receptor, c-MET, was activated in cancer cells and tumor-associated stroma. A transient increase in hypoxia-regulated molecules in the initial response phase was followed by adaptive changes resulting in a more tortuous vasculature. Forced HGF expression in cancer cells reduced tumor sensitivity to VEGFR TKIs and produced tumors with tortuous blood vessels. Dual VEGFR/c-MET signaling inhibition delayed the onset of the resistant phenotype and prevented the vascular morphology alterations. In patients with cancer receiving VEGFR TKIs, high pretreatment HGF plasma levels correlated with poorer survival.Conclusions: HGF/c-MET pathway mediates VEGFR inhibitor resistance and vascular remodeling in NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5489-501. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Cascone
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Xu
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather Y Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hai T Tran
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuan Liu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Emer Hanrahan
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monique B Nilsson
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria A Cortez
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Uma Giri
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Babita Saigal
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Roy S Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology and Department of Developmental Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert R Langley
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack J Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Division of Cancer Medicine and Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Selzam S, Krapohl E, von Stumm S, O'Reilly PF, Rimfeld K, Kovas Y, Dale PS, Lee JJ, Plomin R. Predicting educational achievement from DNA. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:267-272. [PMID: 27431296 PMCID: PMC5285461 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide polygenic score (GPS), derived from a 2013 genome-wide association study (N=127,000), explained 2% of the variance in total years of education (EduYears). In a follow-up study (N=329,000), a new EduYears GPS explains up to 4%. Here, we tested the association between this latest EduYears GPS and educational achievement scores at ages 7, 12 and 16 in an independent sample of 5825 UK individuals. We found that EduYears GPS explained greater amounts of variance in educational achievement over time, up to 9% at age 16, accounting for 15% of the heritable variance. This is the strongest GPS prediction to date for quantitative behavioral traits. Individuals in the highest and lowest GPS septiles differed by a whole school grade at age 16. Furthermore, EduYears GPS was associated with general cognitive ability (~3.5%) and family socioeconomic status (~7%). There was no evidence of an interaction between EduYears GPS and family socioeconomic status on educational achievement or on general cognitive ability. These results are a harbinger of future widespread use of GPS to predict genetic risk and resilience in the social and behavioral sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Selzam
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - E Krapohl
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - S von Stumm
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
| | - P F O'Reilly
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - K Rimfeld
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Y Kovas
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, UK
- Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - P S Dale
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R Plomin
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
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34
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Parra ER, Behrens C, Rodriguez-Canales J, Lin H, Mino B, Blando J, Zhang J, Gibbons DL, Heymach JV, Sepesi B, Swisher SG, Weissferdt A, Kalhor N, Izzo J, Kadara H, Moran C, Lee JJ, Wistuba II. Image Analysis-based Assessment of PD-L1 and Tumor-Associated Immune Cells Density Supports Distinct Intratumoral Microenvironment Groups in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:6278-6289. [PMID: 27252415 PMCID: PMC5558040 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the correlation between immunohistochemical PD-L1 expression and tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs) density in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and correlated them with clinicopathologic variables. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor tissue specimens from 254 stage I-III NSCLCs [146 adenocarcinomas; 108 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs)] were examined. PD-L1 expression in malignant cells and macrophages and the density of TAICs expressing CD3, CD4, CD8, CD57, granzyme B, CD45RO, PD-1, FOXP3, and CD68 were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. RESULTS Malignant cells PD-L1 H-score > 5 was detected in 23% of adenocarcinomas and 31% of SCCs, and no significant differences were detected comparing both histologies; the median H-score in macrophages was significantly higher in SCC than in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001). In adenocarcinoma, high malignant cells PD-L1 expression and high TAIC density correlated with solid histology, smoking history, and airflow limitation. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high CD57-positive cell density correlated with better recurrence-free survival (RFS; P = 0.0236; HR, 0.457) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.0261; HR, 0.481) rates for SCC. High CD68-positive cell density in intratumoral compartment correlated with better RFS (P = 0.0436; HR, 0.553) for adenocarcinoma. The combination of low CD4/CD8/C68-positive cell density and PD-L1 H-score >5 in malignant cells identified small subset of adenocarcinomas with worse outcomes (RFS: P = 0.036; HR, 4.299; OS: P = 0.00034; HR, 5.632). CONCLUSIONS We detected different PD-L1 expression and TAIC density patterns in NSCLC. Distinct groups of tumor microenvironment correlated with NSCLC clinicopathologic features, including outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6278-89. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CD57 Antigens/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Tumor Microenvironment/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Parra
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Mino
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge Blando
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen G Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Julie Izzo
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Humam Kadara
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack J Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Hall GN, Izumi N, Landen OL, Tommasini R, Holder JP, Hargrove D, Bradley DK, Lumbard A, Cruz JG, Piston K, Lee JJ, Romano E, Bell PM, Carpenter AC, Palmer NE, Felker B, Rekow V, Allen FV. Spatial resolution measurements of the advanced radiographic capability x-ray imaging system at energies relevant to Compton radiography. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E310. [PMID: 27910309 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compton radiography provides a means to measure the integrity, ρR and symmetry of the DT fuel in an inertial confinement fusion implosion near peak compression. Upcoming experiments at the National Ignition Facility will use the ARC (Advanced Radiography Capability) laser to drive backlighter sources for Compton radiography experiments and will use the newly commissioned AXIS (ARC X-ray Imaging System) instrument as the detector. AXIS uses a dual-MCP (micro-channel plate) to provide gating and high DQE at the 40-200 keV x-ray range required for Compton radiography, but introduces many effects that contribute to the spatial resolution. Experiments were performed at energies relevant to Compton radiography to begin characterization of the spatial resolution of the AXIS diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Tommasini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Hargrove
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D K Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Lumbard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J G Cruz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Piston
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J J Lee
- National Security Technologies LLC, 161 S Vasco Rd., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - E Romano
- National Security Technologies LLC, 161 S Vasco Rd., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P M Bell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A C Carpenter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N E Palmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Felker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - V Rekow
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F V Allen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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36
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Trovisco V, Belaya K, Nashchekin D, Irion U, Sirinakis G, Butler R, Lee JJ, Gavis ER, St Johnston D. bicoid mRNA localises to the Drosophila oocyte anterior by random Dynein-mediated transport and anchoring. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27791980 PMCID: PMC5125753 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
bicoid mRNA localises to the Drosophila oocyte anterior from stage 9 of oogenesis onwards to provide a local source for Bicoid protein for embryonic patterning. Live imaging at stage 9 reveals that bicoid mRNA particles undergo rapid Dynein-dependent movements near the oocyte anterior, but with no directional bias. Furthermore, bicoid mRNA localises normally in shot2A2, which abolishes the polarised microtubule organisation. FRAP and photo-conversion experiments demonstrate that the RNA is stably anchored at the anterior, independently of microtubules. Thus, bicoid mRNA is localised by random active transport and anterior anchoring. Super-resolution imaging reveals that bicoid mRNA forms 110-120 nm particles with variable RNA content, but constant size. These particles appear to be well-defined structures that package the RNA for transport and anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Trovisco
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katsiaryna Belaya
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Nashchekin
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Uwe Irion
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George Sirinakis
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Butler
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jack J Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Gavis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Daniel St Johnston
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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37
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Zhang Y, Lee JJ, Moore RG, Li W, Yi M, Hashimoto M, Lu DH, Devereaux TP, Lee DH, Shen ZX. Superconducting Gap Anisotropy in Monolayer FeSe Thin Film. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:117001. [PMID: 27661715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Superconductivity originates from pairing of electrons near the Fermi energy. The Fermi surface topology and pairing symmetry are thus two pivotal characteristics of a superconductor. Superconductivity in one monolayer (1 ML) FeSe thin film has attracted great interest recently due to its intriguing interfacial properties and possibly high superconducting transition temperature over 65 K. Here, we report high-resolution measurements of the Fermi surface and superconducting gaps in 1 ML FeSe using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Two ellipselike electron pockets are clearly resolved overlapping with each other at the Brillouin zone corner. The superconducting gap is nodeless but moderately anisotropic, which puts strong constraint on determining the pairing symmetry. The gap maxima locate on the d_{xy} bands along the major axis of the ellipse and four gap minima are observed at the intersections of electron pockets. The gap maximum location combined with the Fermi surface geometry deviate from a single d-wave, extended s-wave or s_{±} gap function, suggesting an important role of the multiorbital nature of Fermi surface and orbital-dependent pairing in 1 ML FeSe. The gap minima location may be explained by a sign change on the electron pockets, or a competition between intra- and interorbital pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Yi
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D H Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D-H Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z-X Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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38
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Li W, Claassen M, Chang CZ, Moritz B, Jia T, Zhang C, Rebec S, Lee JJ, Hashimoto M, Lu DH, Moore RG, Moodera JS, Devereaux TP, Shen ZX. Origin of the low critical observing temperature of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in V-doped (Bi, Sb)2Te3 film. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32732. [PMID: 27599406 PMCID: PMC5013448 DOI: 10.1038/srep32732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental realization of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in magnetically-doped (Bi, Sb)2Te3 films stands out as a landmark of modern condensed matter physics. However, ultra-low temperatures down to few tens of mK are needed to reach the quantization of Hall resistance, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the ferromagnetic phase transition temperature of the films. Here, we systematically study the band structure of V-doped (Bi, Sb)2Te3 thin films by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and show unambiguously that the bulk valence band (BVB) maximum lies higher in energy than the surface state Dirac point. Our results demonstrate clear evidence that localization of BVB carriers plays an active role and can account for the temperature discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Claassen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Cui-Zu Chang
- Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - B Moritz
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Jia
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Rebec
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J J Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D-H Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J S Moodera
- Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Z-X Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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39
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Mustachio LM, Lu Y, Tafe LJ, Andrew AS, Memoli V, Rodriguez-Canales J, Villalobos PA, Wistuba I, Yu J, Lee JJ, Chinyengetere F, Sekula DJ, Liu X, Freemantle SJ, Dmitrovsky E. Abstract 1255: Loss of the ubiquitin protease USP18 represses KRAS mutant lung cancer tumorigenicity in mice by destabilizing KRAS protein. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
KRAS is frequently mutated in lung cancers. Innovative strategies are needed to combat KRAS mutant lung cancers because these tumors are often resistant to therapy. This study reports that loss of the deubiquitinase USP18 leads to destabilization of the KRAS oncogenic protein in panels of murine and human lung cancer cells. In marked contrast, engineered gain of USP18 expression using retroviral vectors introduced into the same panel of murine and human lung cancer cells stabilized KRAS protein. Loss of USP18 expression in KRAS mutant-expressing lung cancer cells inhibited their growth while gain of USP18 expression opposed this effect. We sought to identify mechanisms engaged in this KRAS protein destabilization. Intriguingly, immunoprecipitation assays established that KRAS conjugates with the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15. This leads to KRAS protein destabilization. Using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, USP18 knockdown was shown to destabilize mutant KRAS more prominently than wild-type KRAS protein. To independently confirm that KRAS directly complexes with ISG15, site-directed mutagenesis was performed to render the C-terminal domain of KRAS lysine-less. This led to stabilization of KRAS, despite knockdown of USP18. These studies were confirmed and extended in the in vivo setting of KRAS-driven lung cancers in KRASLA2/+ mice within the FVB strain background. We crossed these mice with USP18 null (USP18-/-) mice to obtain KRASLA2/+;USP18-/- compound mice. Strikingly, these compound mice had statistically significantly (P < 0.05) reduced lung cancers as compared to parental KRASLA2/+ mice. To establish the biological importance of this finding, USP18 immunohistochemical expression was compared in these engineered mice versus a second engineered mouse lung cancer model that was not driven by KRAS, but by aberrant cyclin E expression. USP18 immunohistochemical expression was substantially higher in the KRAS-driven than cyclin E-dependent lung cancers. To explore the translational relevance of this work, lung cancer tissue arrays were examined in 551 lung cancers where a clinical database was available. USP18 immunohistochemical expression was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in KRAS mutant adenocarcinomas as compared to wild-type cases. There was also a significant increase in USP18 expression in adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma cases. Taken together, these studies broaden the role of USP18 as an antineoplastic target to combat lung cancers that harbor KRAS mutations.
Citation Format: Lisa Maria Mustachio, Yun Lu, Laura J. Tafe, Angeline S. Andrew, Vincent Memoli, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales, Pamela A. Villalobos, Ignacio Wistuba, Jun Yu, Jack J. Lee, Fadzai Chinyengetere, David J. Sekula, Xi Liu, Sarah J. Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky. Loss of the ubiquitin protease USP18 represses KRAS mutant lung cancer tumorigenicity in mice by destabilizing KRAS protein. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1255.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Lu
- 1Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Wistuba
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jun Yu
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jack J. Lee
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - David J. Sekula
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xi Liu
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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40
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Opachich YP, Koch JA, Haugh MJ, Romano E, Lee JJ, Huffman E, Weber FA, Bowers JW, Benedetti LR, Wilson M, Prisbrey ST, Wehrenberg CE, Baumann TF, Lenhardt JM, Cook A, Arsenlis A, Park HS, Remington BA. A multi-wavelength, high-contrast contact radiography system for the study of low-density aerogel foams. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:073706. [PMID: 27475564 DOI: 10.1063/1.4958826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A multi-wavelength, high contrast contact radiography system has been developed to characterize density variations in ultra-low density aerogel foams. These foams are used to generate a ramped pressure drive in materials strength experiments at the National Ignition Facility and require precision characterization in order to reduce errors in measurements. The system was used to characterize density variations in carbon and silicon based aerogels to ∼10.3% accuracy with ∼30 μm spatial resolution. The system description, performance, and measurement results collected using a 17.8 mg/cc carbon based JX-6 (C20H30) aerogel are discussed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Opachich
- National Security Technologies, LLC, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J A Koch
- National Security Technologies, LLC, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M J Haugh
- National Security Technologies, LLC, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E Romano
- National Security Technologies, LLC, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J J Lee
- National Security Technologies, LLC, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E Huffman
- National Security Technologies, LLC, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F A Weber
- National Security Technologies, LLC, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J W Bowers
- National Security Technologies, LLC, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L R Benedetti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S T Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C E Wehrenberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - T F Baumann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J M Lenhardt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - A Arsenlis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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Blanchard P, Garden AS, Gunn GB, Rosenthal DI, Morrison WH, Hernandez M, Crutison J, Lee JJ, Ye R, Fuller CD, Mohamed ASR, Hutcheson KA, Holliday EB, Thaker NG, Sturgis EM, Kies MS, Zhu XR, Mohan R, Frank SJ. Intensity-modulated proton beam therapy (IMPT) versus intensity-modulated photon therapy (IMRT) for patients with oropharynx cancer - A case matched analysis. Radiother Oncol 2016; 120:48-55. [PMID: 27342249 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to its physical properties, intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) used for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma has the ability to reduce the dose to organs at risk compared to intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) while maintaining adequate tumor coverage. Our aim was to compare the clinical outcomes of these two treatment modalities. METHODS We performed a 1:2 matching of IMPT to IMRT patients. Our study cohort consisted of IMPT patients from a prospective quality of life study and consecutive IMRT patients treated at a single institution during the period 2010-2014. Patients were matched on unilateral/bilateral treatment, disease site, human papillomavirus status, T and N status, smoking status, and receipt of concomitant chemotherapy. Survival analyzes were performed using a Cox model and binary toxicity endpoints using a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Fifty IMPT and 100 IMRT patients were included. The median follow-up time was 32months. There were no imbalances in patient/tumor characteristics except for age (mean age 56.8years for IMRT patients and 61.1years for IMPT patients, p-value=0.010). Statistically significant differences were not observed in overall survival (hazard ratio (HR)=0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-2.50, p-value=0.44) or in progression-free survival (HR=1.02; 95% CI: 0.41-2.54; p-value=0.96). The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the presence of a gastrostomy (G)-tube during treatment for IMPT vs IMRT were OR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.24-1.15; p-value=0.11 and OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.16-1.17; p-value=0.10 at 3months after treatment. When considering the pre-planned composite endpoint of grade 3 weight loss or G-tube presence, the ORs were OR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.19-1.0; p-value=0.05 at 3months after treatment and OR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.73; p-value=0.01 at 1year after treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IMPT is associated with reduced rates of feeding tube dependency and severe weight loss without jeopardizing outcome. Prospective multicenter randomized trials are needed to validate such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Adam S Garden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - G Brandon Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - David I Rosenthal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - William H Morrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Mike Hernandez
- Department of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Joseph Crutison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Jack J Lee
- Department of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - C David Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Medical Physics Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, USA
| | - Abdallah S R Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA; Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kate A Hutcheson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Emma B Holliday
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Nikhil G Thaker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Merrill S Kies
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - X Ronald Zhu
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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42
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Lazar V, Rubin E, Depil S, Pawitan Y, Martini JF, Gomez-Navarro J, Yver A, Kan Z, Dry JR, Kehren J, Validire P, Rodon J, Vielh P, Ducreux M, Galbraith S, Lehnert M, Onn A, Berger R, Pierotti MA, Porgador A, Pramesh CS, Ye DW, Carvalho AL, Batist G, Le Chevalier T, Morice P, Besse B, Vassal G, Mortlock A, Hansson J, Berindan-Neagoe I, Dann R, Haspel J, Irimie A, Laderman S, Nechushtan H, Al Omari AS, Haywood T, Bresson C, Soo KC, Osman I, Mata H, Lee JJ, Jhaveri K, Meurice G, Palmer G, Lacroix L, Koscielny S, Eterovic KA, Blay JY, Buller R, Eggermont A, Schilsky RL, Mendelsohn J, Soria JC, Rothenberg M, Scoazec JY, Hong WK, Kurzrock R. A simplified interventional mapping system (SIMS) for the selection of combinations of targeted treatments in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14139-52. [PMID: 25944621 PMCID: PMC4546456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted monotherapies produce high regression rates, albeit for limited patient subgroups, who inevitably succumb. We present a novel strategy for identifying customized combinations of triplets of targeted agents, utilizing a simplified interventional mapping system (SIMS) that merges knowledge about existent drugs and their impact on the hallmarks of cancer. Based on interrogation of matched lung tumor and normal tissue using targeted genomic sequencing, copy number variation, transcriptomics, and miRNA expression, the activation status of 24 interventional nodes was elucidated. An algorithm was developed to create a scoring system that enables ranking of the activated interventional nodes for each patient. Based on the trends of co-activation at interventional points, combinations of drug triplets were defined in order to overcome resistance. This methodology will inform a prospective trial to be conducted by the WIN consortium, aiming to significantly impact survival in metastatic NSCLC and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lazar
- Gustave-Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,WIN Consortium, Villejuif, France
| | - Eitan Rubin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Jean-François Martini
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA, USA.,Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Antoine Yver
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Global Medicines Development, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA, USA.,Oncology iMED, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Zhengyin Kan
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA, USA.,Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dry
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Global Medicines Development, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA, USA.,Oncology iMED, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | | | | | - Jordi Rodon
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michel Ducreux
- Gustave-Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Susan Galbraith
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Global Medicines Development, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA, USA.,Oncology iMED, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Manfred Lehnert
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amir Onn
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Ding-wei Ye
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Gerald Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre at the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Mortlock
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Global Medicines Development, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Oncology iMED, Waltham, MA, USA.,Oncology iMED, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | | | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institut, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Robert Dann
- General Electric Healthcare, Westborough, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexandru Irimie
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institut, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Trent Haywood
- Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Iman Osman
- New York University Langone Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Hilario Mata
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack J Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Palmer
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard Buller
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA, USA.,Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- Gustave-Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | | | - John Mendelsohn
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Gustave-Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Mace Rothenberg
- Pfizer Oncology Research, San Diego, CA, USA.,Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Gustave-Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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43
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Xia LX, Hua W, Jin Y, Tian BP, Qiu ZW, Zhang C, Che LQ, Zhou HB, Wu YF, Huang HQ, Lan F, Ke YH, Lee JJ, Li W, Ying SM, Chen ZH, Shen HH. Eosinophil differentiation in the bone marrow is promoted by protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2175. [PMID: 27054330 PMCID: PMC4855658 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SHP2 participates in multiple signaling events by mediating T-cell development and function, and regulates cytokine-dependent granulopoiesis. To explore whether and how SHP2 can regulate bone-marrow eosinophil differentiation, we investigate the contribution of SHP2 in the bone-marrow eosinophil development in allergic mice. Blockade of SHP2 function by SHP2 inhibitor PHPS-1 or conditional shp2 knockdown by adenovirus-inhibited bone-marrow-derived eosinophil differentiation in vitro, with no detectable effects on the apoptosis of eosinophils. Furthermore, SHP2 induced eosinophil differentiation via regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Myeloid shp2 conditional knockout mice (LysMcreshp2flox/flox) failed to induce eosinophilia as well as airway hyper-responsiveness. The SHP2 inhibitor PHPS-1 also alleviated eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, accompanied by significantly reduced levels of systemic eosinophils and eosinophil lineage-committed progenitors in allergic mice. We demonstrate that inhibition of eosinophil development is SHP2-dependent and SHP2 is sufficient to promote eosinophil formation in vivo. Our data reveal SHP2 as a critical regulator of eosinophil differentiation, and inhibition of SHP2 specifically in myeloid cells alleviates allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-x Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - W Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - B-p Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Z-w Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - L-q Che
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - H-b Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Y-f Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - H-q Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - F Lan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Y-h Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - J J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale 85259, Arizona
| | - W Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - S-m Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Z-h Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - H-h Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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44
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Little SC, Sinsimer KS, Lee JJ, Wieschaus EF, Gavis ER. Corrigendum: Independent and coordinate trafficking of single Drosophila germ plasm mRNAs. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:347. [PMID: 26911912 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Ye BS, Lee WW, Ham JH, Lee JJ, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Does serum uric acid act as a modulator of cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker related cognitive decline? Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:948-57. [PMID: 26917248 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The association of serum uric acid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and longitudinal cognitive decline was evaluated using the AD Neuroimaging Initiative database. METHODS In 271 healthy subjects, 596 mild cognitive impairment patients and 197 AD patients, serum uric acid and CSF AD biomarkers were measured at baseline, and Mini-Mental State Examination and AD Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) were assessed serially (mean duration, 2.9 years). The effect of uric acid on longitudinal cognitive decline was evaluated using linear mixed effect models for Mini-Mental State Examination and ADAS-cog scores in female and male subjects separately, with possible confounders controlled (model 1). To determine the effects of uric acid independent of CSF biomarker (Aβ1-42 or tau) and to test whether the detrimental effects of CSF biomarker differ according to uric acid, CSF biomarker and its interaction with uric acid were further included in model 1 (model 2). RESULTS Higher levels of uric acid were associated with slower cognitive decline, particularly in the mild cognitive impairment and dementia subgroups, and more prominently in female subjects. Model 2 with CSF Aβ1-42 showed that higher levels of uric acid were associated with a slower cognitive decline and alleviated the detrimental effect of Aβ1-42 on cognitive decline. Model 2 with CSF tau showed that higher levels of uric acid alleviated the detrimental effect of tau on cognitive decline in female subjects but not in male subjects. CONCLUSION Higher levels of uric acid had protective effects on longitudinal cognitive decline independent of and interactively with CSF AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W W Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Ham
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - P H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Gjonbrataj J, Choi WI, Bahn YE, Rho BH, Lee JJ, Lee CW. Incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Korea based on the 2011 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:742-6. [PMID: 25946370 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the annual incidence rate of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in Korea. DESIGN A retrospective cohort design using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database spanned the period from January 2008 to December 2012. Patients with ILD and IPF were identified based on the International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) diagnosis and procedure codes. Definition 1 is code J84 (ILD); Definition 2 is code J84 plus high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or lung biopsy; Definition 3 is code J84.1 (ILD with fibrosis); Definition 4 is code J84.1 and HRCT, BAL or lung biopsy; and Definition 5 is code J84.1A (IPF), and was specifically implemented for IPF. RESULTS The incidence rates of ILD per 100,000 population based on Definitions 1-5 were respectively 48.5, 32.2, 16.2, 11.4 and 1.7. CONCLUSION The incidence of ILD with fibrosis was approximately 23% of overall ILD incidence. IPF incidence was approximately 10% of the incidence of ILD with fibrosis. Based on the new ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement published in 2011, the incidence rate of IPF was 1.7/100,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gjonbrataj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Mother Thereza University Hospital, Tirana, Albania
| | - W-I Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y E Bahn
- Department of Radiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Rho
- Department of Radiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Statistics, Kyungbuk National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - C W Lee
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Hankook General Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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47
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Shin HW, Jang ES, Moon BS, Lee JJ, Lee DE, Lee CH, Shin CS. Anti-obesity effects of gochujang products prepared using rice koji and soybean meju in rats. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:1004-13. [PMID: 27162380 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Korean traditional hot sauce gochujang has been reported to have biological activities. Different kinds of gochujang products were prepared based on combinations of a fungal rice koji with two kinds of bacterial soybean mejus. Diets that included gochujang products were fed to rats and anti-obesity effects were investigated. Gochujang products reduced body weight gains, epididymal fat weights, and triglyceride levels in the serum and the liver. Effects were exerted by the diet that included the non-fermented gochujang mixture, increased using a fungal rice koji, and further enhanced using a bacterial soybean meju. Dietary effects were apparently induced via inhibition of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, and lipoprotein lipase by gochujang products in epididymal adipose tissues, and inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver. High levels of capsaicin and genistein in gochujang products are considered to contribute to anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Shin
- CJ CheilJedang Corp., Food Research Institute, Suwon-si, 443-270 South Korea ; Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 South Korea
| | - E S Jang
- CJ CheilJedang Corp., Food Research Institute, Suwon-si, 443-270 South Korea
| | - B S Moon
- CJ CheilJedang Corp., Food Research Institute, Suwon-si, 443-270 South Korea
| | - J J Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, 500-759 South Korea
| | - D E Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk Univeristy, Seoul, 143-701 South Korea
| | - C H Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk Univeristy, Seoul, 143-701 South Korea
| | - C S Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749 South Korea
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48
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Koch JA, Lee JJ, Haugh MJ. High Miller-index germanium crystals for high-energy x-ray imaging applications. Appl Opt 2015; 54:10227-10231. [PMID: 26836681 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Near-normal-incidence bent crystals are widely used for x-ray imaging applications. Advantages include high collection solid angle and potentially high efficiency for narrow-band sources, while disadvantages include relatively large (several Å) interatomic spacings and a limited number of suitable matches between a crystal 2d value and an integral multiple of useful emission line wavelengths. The disadvantages become more significant at x-ray energies >10 keV. The former disadvantage can be mitigated by using high-order reflections from crystal planes having low Miller indices, but both disadvantages can be mitigated by using low-order reflections from crystal planes having high Miller indices. We report here on integrated reflectivity measurements we performed of Ge (15,7,7) (2d=0.6296 Å), a candidate for imaging Ru He-α (θ(B)=87°). We find good agreement with calculations, and the data show a multitude of closely spaced reflections with slightly different Bragg angles including a fifth-order reflection of Ge (3,1,1) that has comparable reflectivity. This demonstrates that arbitrary choices of Miller indices in Ge crystals can be used to fine-tune Bragg angles for near-normal-incidence x-ray imaging at tens of kiloelectron volt x-ray energies with minimal lower-energy contamination from lower-order reflections, and that existing calculational tools can be used to reliably estimate integrated reflectivity.
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49
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Yi M, Liu ZK, Zhang Y, Yu R, Zhu JX, Lee JJ, Moore RG, Schmitt FT, Li W, Riggs SC, Chu JH, Lv B, Hu J, Hashimoto M, Mo SK, Hussain Z, Mao ZQ, Chu CW, Fisher IR, Si Q, Shen ZX, Lu DH. Observation of universal strong orbital-dependent correlation effects in iron chalcogenides. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26204461 PMCID: PMC4525196 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the appropriate theoretical framework for unconventional superconductivity in the iron-based materials requires correct understanding of both the electron correlation strength and the role of Fermi surfaces. This fundamental issue becomes especially relevant with the discovery of the iron chalcogenide superconductors. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure three representative iron chalcogenides, FeTe0.56Se0.44, monolayer FeSe grown on SrTiO3 and K0.76Fe1.72Se2. We show that these superconductors are all strongly correlated, with an orbital-selective strong renormalization in the dxy bands despite having drastically different Fermi surface topologies. Furthermore, raising temperature brings all three compounds from a metallic state to a phase where the dxy orbital loses all spectral weight while other orbitals remain itinerant. These observations establish that iron chalcogenides display universal orbital-selective strong correlations that are insensitive to the Fermi surface topology, and are close to an orbital-selective Mott phase, hence placing strong constraints for theoretical understanding of iron-based superconductors. A proper theoretical description for unconventional superconductivity in iron-based compounds remains elusive. Here, the authors, to capture the electron correlation strength and the role of Fermi surfaces, report ARPES measurements of three iron chalcogenide superconductors to establish universal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yi
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Z-K Liu
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Yu
- 1] Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - J-X Zhu
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J J Lee
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F T Schmitt
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S C Riggs
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J-H Chu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Lv
- Department of Physics, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - J Hu
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - M Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S-K Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Hussain
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - C W Chu
- Department of Physics, Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - I R Fisher
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Q Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Z-X Shen
- 1] Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA [2] Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, and Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D H Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Lee JJ, Brahm G, Bruni SG, Thipphavong S, Sreeharsha B. Biliary dilatation in the presence of a periampullary duodenal diverticulum. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150149. [PMID: 26133074 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periampullary diverticulum (PAD) often presents as an incidental CT finding. Its significance and its effect on biliary dilation are unclear. The aim of our study was to determine if the presence of a PAD is associated with abnormal dilation of the common bile duct (CBD). METHODS Patients with PAD were retrospectively identified from the radiology database from November 2011 to November 2012 and those with known pancreaticobiliary pathology were excluded, except patients with cholelithiasis and prior cholecystectomy. A total of 150 patients with PAD were selected as well as a control group of 150 patients with no PAD. Data with respect to demographics, PAD size and location, ductal diameter, previous cholecystectomy and liver function tests were collected. To compare the groups, the Student's t-test and χ(2) analysis were used where appropriate. RESULTS The male : female ratio was 1 : 1.2 with a median average of 71 years in the PAD group. There was no statistical difference in the CBD measurement (at the pre-ampulla and pancreatic head, and distal to confluence) between the PAD and control groups (4.8, 6.9 and 6.8 mm for the PAD group; 4.7, 6.8 and 6.4 mm for the control group; p = 0.5, 0.7 and 0.3). Also, no difference was observed in the right and left intrahepatic biliary ducts (2.7, 2.7 mm for the PAD group; 2.5, 2.6 mm for the control group; p = 0.2, 0.6). There was a significantly higher incidence of cholecystectomy history (23% vs 8.7%, p < 0.01) and cholelithiasis (22% vs 11%, p < 0.01) in the PAD group, and no difference in the liver function tests. Subgroup analysis of small vs large PAD (<20 mm, ≥20 mm) did not show a difference in the CBD and intrahepatic biliary duct measurements. When comparing cholecystectomy vs non-cholecystectomy groups, CBD measurements were significantly higher in the cholecystectomy group. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that PAD on its own does not lead to abnormal CBD dilatation. However, increased incidence of cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy was noted in the presence of PAD. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE PAD on its own does not cause CBD dilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Brahm
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S G Bruni
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Thipphavong
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Sreeharsha
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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