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Yoo JW, Kim J, Lee MW, Kang J, Ko WH, Oh SG, Ko J, Lee JH, Nam YU, Jung L, Park BH, Yoon SW. Fast-ion D α spectroscopy diagnostic at KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:043504. [PMID: 34243446 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A fast-ion Dα (FIDA) diagnostics system was installed for core and edge measurements on KSTAR. This system has two tangential FIDA arrays that cover both blue- and redshifted Dα lines (cold: 656.09 nm) in active views along the neutral beam 1 A centerline. The spectral band is 647-662.5 nm, and it covers the Doppler shift of the emission from the maximum energy of the neutral beam (100 keV). A curved filter strip with a motorized stage adequately prevents saturation of the electron multiplying charge-coupled device signal by the cold Dα line from the plasma edge. From comparisons of the measured spectra and FIDASIM modeling code, the FIDA spectra are well matched quantitatively. Moreover, the first measurements show that the FIDA radiance agrees with the neutron rate in the time trace during external heating and perturbation. In addition, responses are observed in the core FIDA radiance during the edge-localized mode cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Yoo
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kang
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - W-H Ko
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Oh
- Ajou University, 206, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - J Ko
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Y U Nam
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - L Jung
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - B H Park
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Yoon
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lee SG, Yoo JW, Kim YS. Calibration methods of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer on KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10F108. [PMID: 30399801 DOI: 10.1063/1.5034023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The detailed calibration methods and procedure for the X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research device are investigated. A cross comparison from two different diagnostics including the XICS and charge exchange spectrometer is the best option, in particular, when both systems can be operated simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J W Yoo
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1701 W Charleston Blvd. #230, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA
| | - A H Villamagna
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1701 W Charleston Blvd. #230, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA
| | - J W Yoo
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1701 W Charleston Blvd. #230, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA.
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4
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Lee SG, Yoo JW, Kim YS, Nam UW, Moon MK. Experimental results from an X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer utilizing multi-wire proportional counter for KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E314. [PMID: 27910480 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The inconsistency of the first experimental results from the X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research device utilizing a multi-wire proportional counter (MWPC) is clarified after improving the photon-count rate of the data acquisition system for the MWPC and ground loop isolator for the whole spectrometer system. The improved MWPC is successfully applied to pure Ohmic plasmas as well as plasmas with high confinement modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J W Yoo
- Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - U W Nam
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M K Moon
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
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Abstract
AbstractThis study explains the inconsistent findings of previous research on board management by examining the direct and interaction effects of board independence and the top management team's external ties on firm performance. The results obtained using a multiyear sample of firms indicate that outsider-rich boards improved firm performance when they worked with top managers imported from outside the focal industry. On the other hand, a high proportion of outsiders on the board and top managers imported from the focal industry were not a desirable combination for firm performance. The findings imply that researchers and practitioners should pay more attention to identifying the conditions under which board competence aligns with top management.
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Chang CI, Lee TY, Kim S, Sun X, Hong SW, Yoo JW, Dua P, Kang HS, Kim S, Li CJ, Lee DK. Enhanced intracellular delivery and multi-target gene silencing triggered by tripodal RNA structures. J Gene Med 2012; 14:138-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae Yeon Lee
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon; Korea
| | - Sera Kim
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon; Korea
| | | | - Sun Woo Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineeering; Dongguk University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Jae Wook Yoo
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon; Korea
| | - Pooja Dua
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon; Korea
| | - Hye Suk Kang
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon; Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineeering; Dongguk University; Seoul; Korea
| | | | - Dong-Ki Lee
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon; Korea
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7
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Yoo JW, Kim K. Board Competence and the Top-Management-Team's External Ties for Performance. J Man Org 2012. [DOI: 10.5172/jmo.2012.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chang CI, Lee TY, Yoo JW, Shin D, Kim M, Kim S, Lee DK. Branched, Tripartite-Interfering RNAs Silence Multiple Target Genes with Long Guide Strands. Nucleic Acid Ther 2012; 22:30-9. [DOI: 10.1089/nat.2011.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Il Chang
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- Skip Ackerman Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tae Yeon Lee
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Yoo
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Meehyein Kim
- Korean Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-ki Lee
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Jo SG, Hong SW, Yoo JW, Lee CH, Kim S, Kim S, Lee DK. Selection and optimization of asymmetric siRNA targeting the human c-MET gene. Mol Cells 2011; 32:543-8. [PMID: 22058018 PMCID: PMC3887682 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The silencing of specific oncogenes via RNA interference (RNAi) holds great promise for the future of cancer therapy. RNAi is commonly carried out using small interfering RNA (siRNA) composed of a 19 bp duplex region with a 2-nucleotide overhang at each 3' end. This classical siRNA structure, however, can trigger non-specific effects, which has hampered the development of specific and safe RNAi therapeutics. Previously, we developed a novel siRNA structure, called asymmetric shorter-duplex siRNA (asiRNA), which did not cause the non-specific effects triggered by conventional siRNA, such as off-target gene silencing mediated by the sense strand. In this study, we first screened potent asiRNA molecules targeting the human c-MET gene, a promising anticancer target. Next, the activity of a selected asiRNA was further optimized by introducing a locked nucleic acid (LNA) to maximize the gene silencing potency. The optimized asiRNA targeted to c-MET may have potential as a specific and safe anticancer RNAi therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-gi Jo
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Brain Korea 21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sun Woo Hong
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Brain Korea 21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jae Wook Yoo
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Brain Korea 21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Chang Han Lee
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Brain Korea 21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Sera Kim
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Brain Korea 21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea
| | - Dong-ki Lee
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Brain Korea 21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Kaneko H, Dridi S, Tarallo V, Gelfand BD, Fowler BJ, Cho WG, Kleinman ME, Ponicsan SL, Hauswirth WW, Chiodo VA, Karikó K, Yoo JW, Lee DK, Hadziahmetovic M, Song Y, Misra S, Chaudhuri G, Buaas FW, Braun RE, Hinton DR, Zhang Q, Grossniklaus HE, Provis JM, Madigan MC, Milam AH, Justice NL, Albuquerque RJC, Blandford AD, Bogdanovich S, Hirano Y, Witta J, Fuchs E, Littman DR, Ambati BK, Rudin CM, Chong MMW, Provost P, Kugel JF, Goodrich JA, Dunaief JL, Baffi JZ, Ambati J. DICER1 deficit induces Alu RNA toxicity in age-related macular degeneration. Nature 2011; 471:325-30. [PMID: 21297615 PMCID: PMC3077055 DOI: 10.1038/nature09830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Geographic atrophy (GA), an untreatable advanced form of age-related macular degeneration, results from retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cell degeneration. Here we show that the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzyme DICER1 is reduced in the RPE of humans with GA, and that conditional ablation of Dicer1, but not seven other miRNA-processing enzymes, induces RPE degeneration in mice. DICER1 knockdown induces accumulation of Alu RNA in human RPE cells and Alu-like B1 and B2 RNAs in mouse RPE. Alu RNA is increased in the RPE of humans with GA, and this pathogenic RNA induces human RPE cytotoxicity and RPE degeneration in mice. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting Alu/B1/B2 RNAs prevent DICER1 depletion-induced RPE degeneration despite global miRNA downregulation. DICER1 degrades Alu RNA, and this digested Alu RNA cannot induce RPE degeneration in mice. These findings reveal a miRNA-independent cell survival function for DICER1 involving retrotransposon transcript degradation, show that Alu RNA can directly cause human pathology, and identify new targets for a major cause of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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12
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Li X, Yoo JW, Lee JH, Hahn Y, Kim S, Lee DK. Identification of sequence features that predict competition potency of siRNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 398:92-7. [PMID: 20558136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specifically knock-down target mRNAs via RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. During this process, introduction of excess amount of exogenous siRNAs could lead to the saturation of cellular RNAi machinery. One consequence of RNAi machinery saturation is the competition between two simultaneously introduced siRNAs, during which one siRNA loses gene silencing activity. Although competition phenomena have been well characterized, the molecular and sequence features of siRNAs that specify the competition potency remain poorly understood. Here, for the first time, we performed a large-scale siRNA competition potency analysis by measuring the competition potency of 56 different siRNAs and ranking them based on their competition potency. We have also established an algorithm to predict the competition potency of siRNAs based upon the conserved sequence features of strong and weak competitor siRNAs. The present study supports our hypothesis that the competition potency of siRNAs is specified by the 5'-half antisense sequence and provides a useful guideline to design siRNAs with minimal RNAi machinery saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Global Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Masan, Korea
| | - Jun Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Masan, Korea
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14
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Hong SW, Yoo JW, Kang HS, Kim S, Lee DK. HIF-1alpha-dependent gene expression program during the nucleic acid-triggered antiviral innate immune responses. Mol Cells 2009; 27:243-50. [PMID: 19277508 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a novel role of HIF-1alpha under non-hypoxic conditions, including antibacterial and antiviral innate immune responses. However, the identity of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern which triggers HIF-1alpha activation during the antiviral response remains to be identified. Here, we demonstrate that cellular administration of double-stranded nucleic acids, the molecular mimics of viral genomes, results in the induction of HIF-1alpha protein level as well as the increase in HIF-1alpha target gene expression. Whole-genome DNA microarray analysis revealed that double-stranded nucleic acid treatment triggers induction of a number of hypoxia-inducible genes, and induction of these genes are compromised upon siRNA-mediated HIF-1alpha knock-down. Interestingly, HIF-1alpha knock-down also resulted in down-regulation of a number of genes involved in antiviral innate immune responses. Our study demonstrates that HIF-1alpha activation upon nucleic acid-triggered antiviral innate immune responses plays an important role in regulation of genes involved in not only hypoxic response, but also immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Brain Korea 21 School of Chemical Materials Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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15
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Chang CI, Yoo JW, Hong SW, Lee SE, Kang HS, Sun X, Rogoff HA, Ban C, Kim S, Li CJ, Lee DK. Asymmetric shorter-duplex siRNA structures trigger efficient gene silencing with reduced nonspecific effects. Mol Ther 2009; 17:725-32. [PMID: 19156133 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short, double-stranded RNAs that mediate efficient gene silencing in a sequence-specific manner by utilizing the endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The current standard synthetic siRNA structure harbors a 19-base-pair duplex region with 3' overhangs of 2 nucleotides (the so-called 19+2 form). However, the synthetic 19+2 siRNA structure exhibits several sequence-independent, nonspecific effects, which has posed challenges to the development of RNAi therapeutics and specific silencing of genes in research. In this study, we report on the identification of truncated siRNA backbone structures with duplex regions shorter than 19 bp (referred to as asymmetric shorter-duplex siRNAs or asiRNAs) that can efficiently trigger gene silencing in human cell lines. Importantly, this asiRNA structure significantly reduces nonspecific effects triggered by conventional 19+2 siRNA scaffold, such as sense-strand-mediated off-target gene silencing and saturation of the cellular RNAi machinery. Our results suggest that this asiRNA structure is an important alternative to conventional siRNAs for both functional genomics studies and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Il Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
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Zaramo CEB, Morton T, Yoo JW, Bowen GR, Modlin CS. Culturally competent methods to promote organ donation rates among African-Americans using venues of the Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:1001-4. [PMID: 18555099 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity of the nation is one of society's greatest assets, but this feature is overshadowed by the disproportionate burden of disease that exists among America's minorities. Evidence of the disparate health status has been documented in low life expectancy, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and kidney disease as well as a plethora of disorders that necessitate organ transplantation. Many minorities have been reluctant to register to become organ donors. This circumstance can be alleviated by educating the public regarding the necessity of organ transplantation. We have developed a "unique" collaborative outreach program designed to promote acceptance of organ donation in African-Americans (AAs). Our outreach curriculum at Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV) has resulted in increased registrations and awareness regarding the need and positive perceptions toward donation. METHODS We developed a culturally sensitive outreach program: cultural sensitivity indicates how culture has the ability to influence communication between patients and health providers. An "Outreach Promotional Contest" was strategically targeted toward 28 Ohio BMVs to promote and assist in an outreach educational program regarding organ donation/registry. RESULTS The consequence/results has been an increase of 3.4% in the BMV locations. The one BMV, with the highest increase was attended predominantly by AAs which moreover, won first place in the contest (6.425%; P < .05). CONCLUSION To increase the number of people willing to register, we believe that both community education regarding the need and importance, as well as culturally sensitive promotion of organ donation, is the best way to increase organ donor registries particularly among minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E B Zaramo
- Cleveland Clinic Minority Men's Health Center, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Lee WD, Yoo JW, Lee JS, Lee JH, Cho KL. Clinical review of acute seizures among children who visited the emergency room in Masan Samsung hospital from 2004 to 2006. Korean J Pediatr 2008. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2008.51.4.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won Deok Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Masan, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Masan, South Korea
| | - Ju Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Masan, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Masan, South Korea
| | - Kyung Lae Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Masan Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Masan, South Korea
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18
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Wook Yoo J, Lemak DJ, Choi Y. Principles of management and competitive strategies: using Fayol to implement Porter. Journal of Management History 2006. [DOI: 10.1108/17511340610692734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present how the past, Fayol's principles of management, is applied to the present, Porter's competitive strategies – cost leadership and differentiation – and in turn how the understanding of this connection between the past and present directs the future development of firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores which of Fayol's principles can be matched to Porter's cost‐leadership or differentiation strategy in terms of strategy implementation.FindingsThe paper finds that the principles of division of work, authority and responsibility, unity of command, unity of direction and scalar chain are useful in the implementation of a cost leadership strategy but other, more modern alternative principles apply for differentiation strategy. Likewise, the three principles of stability of tenure of personnel, initiative and esprit de corps apply to the implementation of differentiation strategy, but not to cost leadership, where, again, alternative principles apply. The remaining six principles of discipline, subordination of individual interests to the general interest, remuneration, centralization, order and equity are applicable to implementation of both.Practical implicationsBy melding the past with the future, it shows that the flexible use of Fayol's principles in an integrated manner lays the foundation for the successful implementation of competitive strategies and the future development of firms.Originality/valueThis study documents the flexible use of Fayol's principles, an issue that has received modest attention in the literature. It also adds to the literature on the potential implication of Fayol's work for successfully implementing competitive strategies.
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Yoo JW, Hong SW, Kim S, Lee DK. Inflammatory cytokine induction by siRNAs is cell type- and transfection reagent-specific. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 347:1053-8. [PMID: 16857170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Specific knock-down of cellular gene expression using short, interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has become a powerful tool for functional genomics studies and a promising future therapeutic approach. However, recent studies have revealed that siRNAs can trigger an innate immune response upon intravenous administration in mice and transfection into purified immune cells by upregulating inflammatory cytokine levels. In this study, we demonstrate that transfection of siRNAs into several established human cancer cell lines can also induce inflammatory cytokine production regardless of the sequence of the siRNA used. The amount of inflammatory cytokine induction is cell type-specific, whereas the induction pattern is siRNA sequence-specific. We also show that, in a given cell type, different transfection reagents have different effects on inflammatory cytokine induction. Our results highlight the promiscuity of siRNA-triggered innate immune responses in human cancer cell lines and call for caution in the design and analysis of siRNA-based experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
A series of conformationally controlled 2-PAM derivatives were prepared from 2-acetylpyridine and 2,3-pyrido[b]cycloalkenones in two steps and their reactivities towards parathion poisoned AChE were evaluated. The most planar 2,3-pyrido[b]cyclohexanone oxime methiodide showed an activity comparable to 2-PAM implying E-syn is that the most active conformation of 2-PAM in the biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jahng
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea.
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Namgoong SK, Lee HJ, Kim YS, Shin JH, Che JK, Jang DY, Kim GS, Yoo JW, Kang MK, Kil MW, Choi JD, Chang SI. Synthesis of the quinoline-linked triazolopyrimidine analogues and their interactions with the recombinant tobacco acetolactate synthase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 258:797-801. [PMID: 10329466 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the first common enzyme in the biosynthesis of L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine. Triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide (TP) is a mixed-type inhibitor of ALS with respect to both pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate. In this study, we synthesized new substituted quinoline-linked TP analogues and several TP analogues which contained either unsubstituted aminoquinolines or amino isoquinolines. In addition, we examined the interactions of both the wild-type and the sulfonylurea-resistant recombinant tobacco ALS enzymes in a highly pure and active form with the quinoline-linked TP analogues, respectively. The wild-type tobacco ALS was extremely sensitive to inhibition by the quinoline-linked TP analogues. In contrast, the mutant tobacco ALS was insensitive to both the quinoline-linked triazolopyrimidine and the sulfonylurea herbicides. The results indicate that the ability of the quinoline-linked TP analogues to inhibit ALS is highly sensitive to substitution at the ortho position (C-7) and to the position of the ring nitrogen around the sulfonamide functionality (C-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774, Korea
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Wha Ja Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Young Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Il Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Saeng Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Yoo JW, Shin OY, Lee BJ, Park HC, Cho BS. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation in Children: 4 cases. Korean J Anesthesiol 1999. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1999.37.2.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Young Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Park
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Kim KS, Shin KI, Choi YK, Yoo JW. The Study of Priming with Vecuronium and Atracurium on Young and Elderly Patients. Korean J Anesthesiol 1999. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.1999.36.4.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keon Sik Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Il Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Abstract
Mandibular prognathism is defined by John Hunter as follows: "The lower jaw projecting too far forward so that the foreteeth pass before those of the upper jaw, therefore disfigurement and malocclusion are two of the main facial characteristics." Other distinguishing features are the coexistence of class III malocclusion, incomplete closure of lip, deviation of the midline, and decrease of labiomental fold. Generally, the functional occlusal relationship and balanced facial harmony cannot be obtained by surgical or orthodontic treatment alone. Its success depends on careful conjoint, supplementary diagnostic, and treatment planning. As a cardinal principle the authors made the following combined surgical and orthodontic treatment plans: (1) Orthodontic treatment relocates and decompensates the malpositioned teeth (remove the masking effect of teeth) and, therefore, skeletal deformity is exposed maximally. (2) Surgical treatment eliminates the maximally exposed skeletal defect. Therefore, dramatic facial balance and functional occlusal relationship are obtained. Treatment planning includes the pre- and postoperative orthodontic treatment, lateral cephalometric prediction tracing (LCPT), and model surgery with dental cast. The authors made it easy with the use of an acrylic dental wafer to coordinate exact occlusal relationship after surgery. We treated mandibular prognathism by using Dautrey's modification of the sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) (10 cases) and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) (5 cases) and sometimes additional genioplasty (2 cases). IVRO was used in those cases where (1) the amount of setback was more than 10 mm and (2) where there was a flat gonial angle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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