Standard doses of Triamcinolone do not affect fibroblast cell migration of abdominoplasty patients in-vitro1

BACKGROUND

Recent studies have demonstrated that local application of corticosteroids reduces wound exudation following abdominoplasty and other reconstructive surgical procedures. On the other hand, corticosteroids might provoke wound healing disturbances due to their immunosuppressive effects.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this study was to gain further information about the impact of the corticosteroid triamcinolone on cell migration in abdominoplasty patients.

METHODS

An in-vitro scratch assay wound healing model was applied to observe cell migration of fibroblasts cultured with nutrient medium containing human seroma aspirate±triamcinolone.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences regarding cell migration when fibroblasts were incubated with triamcinolone + seroma containing culture medium compared to seroma containing culture medium without triamcinolone.

CONCLUSIONS

The performed in-vitro study suggests that triamcinolone does not decelerate fibroblast cell migration which is considered as a surrogate of wound healing.

Do-It-Yourself Preoperative High-Resolution Ultrasound-Guided Flap Design of the Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap (SCIP)

The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap is a well-documented, thin, free tissue flap with a minimal donor site morbidity, and has the potential to become the new method for resurfacing moderate-size skin defects. The aim of this study is to describe an easy, reliable, systematic, and standardized approach for preoperative SCIP flap design and perforator characterization, using color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS). A list of customized settings and a straightforward algorithm are presented, which are easily applied by an operator with minimal experience. Specific settings for SCIP flap perforator evaluation were investigated and tested on 12 patients. Deep and superficial superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) branches, along with their corresponding perforators and cutaneous veins, were marked individually with a permanent marker and the anatomy was verified intraoperatively. From this, a simplified procedure for preoperative flap design of the SCIP flap was developed. Branches could be localized and evaluated in all patients. A preoperative structured procedure for ultrasonically guided flap design of the SCIP flap is described. A 100% correlation between the number and emergence points of the branches detected by preoperative CCDS mapping and the intraoperative anatomy was found.

Untersuchungen zur Funktion des Antithrombins III

Bei Steigerung der Gesamtaktivität des Gerinnungssystems steigt die Aktivität des Antithrombins III.

Bei Abnahme der Gesamtaktivität des Gerinnungssystems sinkt die Aktivität des Antithrombins III.

In venösem Blut ist das Antithrombin III aktiver als in arteriellem Blut.

Die Ergebnisse werden erhalten mit Plasma, mit Serum und nach BaSO4-Behandlung beider.

The Influence of the Polysaccharide Carrageenin on the Clotting Mechanism of the Blood in the Rabbit in Vitro and in Vivo

Carrageenin is not an antithrombin. It inhibits fibrin aggregation or polymerisation. The inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin and of blood thromboplastin by anti blood thromboplastin is neither accelerated nor retarded. In the presence of Carrageenin the clotting times of tests in which the fibrinpolymerisation phase is involved are lengthened; this simulates a decrease in clotting factors. In vivo Carrageenin, despite its coagulation-inhibitory properties, is not able to reverse the consumption reaction which it has initiated.

Microbiota-derived tryptophan indoles increase after gastric bypass surgery and reduce intestinal permeability in vitro and in vivo

BACKGROUND

The diet and microbiome contribute to metabolic disease in part due to increased intestinal inflammation and permeability. Dietary tryptophan is metabolized by both mammalian and bacterial enzymes. Using in vitro, in vivo models, and clinical data, we tested whether bacterial tryptophan indole derivatives underlie the positive benefits of microbiota on inflammation that is associated with metabolic disease.

METHODS

In high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice intestinal permeability and plasma endotoxin levels were measured after indole-3-propionic acid (IPA; 20 mg kg^-1 p.o. for 4 days). Tryptophan derivatives effect on permeability and gene expression were assessed in T84 intestinal cell monolayers, in the presence or absence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Plasma tryptophan metabolites were analyzed from lean, or obese T2D subjects undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB).

KEY RESULTS

IPA reduced the increased intestinal permeability observed in HFD-fed mice. Of 16 metabolites tested in vitro, only IPA, and tryptamine reduced T84 cell monolayer permeability compromised by pro-inflammatory cytokines. In T84 cells, IPA reversed the IFN-γ induced increase of fructose transporter SLC2A5 (GLUT5) mRNA, but not induction of inflammatory or metabolic genes. In obese subjects, IPA levels were reduced relative to lean counterparts, and these levels were increased by 3 months after RYGB.

CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES

The novel findings are that obese subjects have lower levels of IPA, a solely bacterially derived tryptophan derivative, and IPA improved intestinal barrier function in vitro and DIO mice. Reduced plasma IPA levels and reversal by surgery may be a consequence of intestinal indole-producing microbiota but underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation.

Inhibition of endocytic transport by aluminum fluoride implicates GTPases as regulators of endocytosis

It is now well established that GTP-binding proteins are important regulators of vesicular transport. Recent work has shown that multiple GTPases (both monomeric and heterotrimeric) are required for trafficking. In the present study we have used aluminum fluoride (AIF), a reagent that activates trimeric G proteins, as a tool to study the involvement of this family of GTPases in the regulation of endocytosis in intact cells. Our results indicate that AIF inhibits fusion of early endosomes with an intracellular proteolytic compartment. Using the mixing of sequentially internalized ligands as a measure of endocytosis, we found that AIF inhibited endocytic transport as assessed by both biochemical and morphological methods. Taken together these results suggest that AIF affects membrane fusion, a common step in vesicular transport. To further examine the effects of AIF we tested this compound in a cell-free assay that reconstitutes fusion among endosomes. AIF affected endosomal fusion in a different way than did GTP gamma S, an agent that activates both trimeric and small GTPases. Our results suggest that the coordinated activation of both classes of GTPases are required for efficient endocytic transport.