1
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Pradeu T, Daignan-Fornier B, Ewald A, Germain PL, Okasha S, Plutynski A, Benzekry S, Bertolaso M, Bissell M, Brown JS, Chin-Yee B, Chin-Yee I, Clevers H, Cognet L, Darrason M, Farge E, Feunteun J, Galon J, Giroux E, Green S, Gross F, Jaulin F, Knight R, Laconi E, Larmonier N, Maley C, Mantovani A, Moreau V, Nassoy P, Rondeau E, Santamaria D, Sawai CM, Seluanov A, Sepich-Poore GD, Sisirak V, Solary E, Yvonnet S, Laplane L. Reuniting philosophy and science to advance cancer research. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1668-1686. [PMID: 37157910 PMCID: PMC10869205 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancers rely on multiple, heterogeneous processes at different scales, pertaining to many biomedical fields. Therefore, understanding cancer is necessarily an interdisciplinary task that requires placing specialised experimental and clinical research into a broader conceptual, theoretical, and methodological framework. Without such a framework, oncology will collect piecemeal results, with scant dialogue between the different scientific communities studying cancer. We argue that one important way forward in service of a more successful dialogue is through greater integration of applied sciences (experimental and clinical) with conceptual and theoretical approaches, informed by philosophical methods. By way of illustration, we explore six central themes: (i) the role of mutations in cancer; (ii) the clonal evolution of cancer cells; (iii) the relationship between cancer and multicellularity; (iv) the tumour microenvironment; (v) the immune system; and (vi) stem cells. In each case, we examine open questions in the scientific literature through a philosophical methodology and show the benefit of such a synergy for the scientific and medical understanding of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pradeu
- CNRS UMR5164 ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
- CNRS UMR8590, Institut d’Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Technique, University Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, 13 rue du Four, Paris 75006, France
| | - Bertrand Daignan-Fornier
- CNRS UMR 5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, University of Bordeaux, 1 rue Camille St Saens, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Andrew Ewald
- Departments of Cell Biology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Neurosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Laboratory of Statistical Bioinformatics, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Samir Okasha
- Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Bristol, BS6 6JL, UK
| | - Anya Plutynski
- Department of Philosophy, Washington University in St. Louis, and Associate with Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Sébastien Benzekry
- Computational Pharmacology and Clinical Oncology (COMPO) Unit, Inria Sophia Antipolis-Méditerranée, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille University UM105, 27, bd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Marta Bertolaso
- Research Unit of Philosophy of Science and Human Development, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Àlvaro del Portillo, 21-00128, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen 5007, Norway
| | - Mina Bissell
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joel S. Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin Chin-Yee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON, Canada
- Rotman Institute of Philosophy, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Chin-Yee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hans Clevers
- Pharma, Research and Early Development (pRED) of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Cognet
- CNRS UMR 5298, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University of Bordeaux, Rue François Mitterrand, Talence 33400, France
| | - Marie Darrason
- Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Lyon, 165 Chem. du Grand Revoyet, 69310 Pierre Bénite, Lyon, France
- Lyon Institute of Philosophical Research, Lyon 3 Jean Moulin University, 1 Av. des Frères Lumière, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Emmanuel Farge
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumor Development group, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR168, Inserm, Centre Origines et conditions d’apparition de la vie (OCAV) Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Sorbonne University, Institut Curie, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jean Feunteun
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM UMRS1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Cordelier Research Center, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 15 rue de l’École de Médecine, Paris 75006, France
| | - Elodie Giroux
- Lyon Institute of Philosophical Research, Lyon 3 Jean Moulin University, 1 Av. des Frères Lumière, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Sara Green
- Section for History and Philosophy of Science, Department of Science Education, University of Copenhagen, Rådmandsgade 64, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Fridolin Gross
- CNRS UMR5164 ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Fanny Jaulin
- INSERM U1279, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 3223 Voigt Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Cagliari, Via Università 40, Cagliari 09124, Italy
| | - Nicolas Larmonier
- CNRS UMR5164 ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Carlo Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 4 Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Istituto Clinico Humanitas Humanitas Cancer Center (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Violaine Moreau
- INSERM UMR1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC), University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Pierre Nassoy
- CNRS UMR 5298, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University of Bordeaux, Rue François Mitterrand, Talence 33400, France
| | - Elena Rondeau
- INSERM U1111, ENS Lyon and Centre International de Recherche en Infectionlogie (CIRI), 46 Allée d’Italie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - David Santamaria
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Catherine M. Sawai
- INSERM UMR1312, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC), University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - Vanja Sisirak
- CNRS UMR5164 ImmunoConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Leo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94800, France
- Département d’hématologie, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94800, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, 63 Rue Gabriel Péri, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Sarah Yvonnet
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lucie Laplane
- CNRS UMR8590, Institut d’Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Technique, University Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, 13 rue du Four, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94800, France
- Center for Biology and Society, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 1100 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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2
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Abstract
Since the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the late past century, cancer research has been overwhelmingly focused on the genetics and biology of tumor cells and hence has addressed mostly cell-autonomous processes with emphasis on traditional driver/passenger genetic models. Nevertheless, over that same period, multiple seminal observations have accumulated highlighting the role of non-cell autonomous effectors in tumor growth and metastasis. However, given that cell autonomous and non-autonomous events are observed together at the time of diagnosis, it is in fact impossible to know whether the malignant transformation is initiated by cell autonomous oncogenic events or by non-cell autonomous conditions generated by alterations of the tissue-body ecosystem. This review aims at addressing this issue by taking the option of defining malignancy as a complex genetic trait incorporating genetically determined reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and tissue-body ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Feunteun
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Corresponding author
| | - Pauline Ostyn
- UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Breast Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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3
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Miran I, Scherer D, Ostyn P, Mazouni C, Drusch F, Bernard M, Louvet E, Adam J, Mathieu MC, Haffa M, Antignac JP, Le Bizec B, Vielh P, Dessen P, Perdry H, Delaloge S, Feunteun J. Adipose Tissue Properties in Tumor-Bearing Breasts. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1506. [PMID: 32974182 PMCID: PMC7472783 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue stroma plays a major role in tumors' natural history. Most programs for tumor progression are not activated as cell-autonomous processes but under the conditions of cross-talks between tumor and stroma. Adipose tissue is a major component of breast stroma. This study compares adipose tissues in tumor-bearing breasts to those in tumor-free breasts with the intention of defining a signature that could translate into markers of cancer risk. In tumor-bearing breasts, we sampled adipose tissues adjacent to, or distant from the tumor. Parameters studied included: adipocytes size and density, immune cell infiltration, vascularization, secretome and gene expression. Adipose tissues from tumor-bearing breasts, whether adjacent to or distant from the tumor, do not differ from each other by any of these parameters. By contrast, adipose tissues from tumor-bearing breasts have the capacity to secrete twice as much interleukin 8 (IL-8) than those from tumor-free breasts and differentially express a set of 137 genes of which a significant fraction belongs to inflammation, integrin and wnt signaling pathways. These observations show that adipose tissues from tumor-bearing breasts have a distinct physiological status from those from tumor-free breasts. We propose that this constitutive status contributes as a non-cell autonomous process to determine permissiveness for tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Miran
- Translational Research Lab, INSERM U981, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Dominique Scherer
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Ostyn
- UMR 9019 Genome Integrity and Cancers, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Chafika Mazouni
- Breast Cancer Group, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Drusch
- Biology and Pathology Department, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Bernard
- Biology and Pathology Department, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Louvet
- Biology and Pathology Department, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Biology and Pathology Department, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Mathieu
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR 1329 Oniris-INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Mariam Haffa
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Antignac
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR 1329 Oniris-INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), UMR 1329 Oniris-INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Vielh
- Biology and Pathology Department, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Hervé Perdry
- INSERM U669 - Equipe GGS Génomique & Génétique Statistique, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jean Feunteun
- UMR 9019 Genome Integrity and Cancers, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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4
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Petitalot A, Dardillac E, Jacquet E, Nhiri N, Guirouilh-Barbat J, Julien P, Bouazzaoui I, Bonte D, Feunteun J, Schnell JA, Lafitte P, Aude JC, Noguès C, Rouleau E, Lidereau R, Lopez BS, Zinn-Justin S, Caputo SM. Combining Homologous Recombination and Phosphopeptide-binding Data to Predict the Impact of BRCA1 BRCT Variants on Cancer Risk. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:54-69. [PMID: 30257991 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 mutations have been identified that increase the risk of developing hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Genetic screening is now offered to patients with a family history of cancer, to adapt their treatment and the management of their relatives. However, a large number of BRCA1 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are detected. To better understand the significance of these variants, a high-throughput structural and functional analysis was performed on a large set of BRCA1 VUS. Information on both cellular localization and homology-directed DNA repair (HR) capacity was obtained for 78 BRCT missense variants in the UMD-BRCA1 database and measurement of the structural stability and phosphopeptide-binding capacities was performed for 42 mutated BRCT domains. This extensive and systematic analysis revealed that most characterized causal variants affect BRCT-domain solubility in bacteria and all impair BRCA1 HR activity in cells. Furthermore, binding to a set of 5 different phosphopeptides was tested: all causal variants showed phosphopeptide-binding defects and no neutral variant showed such defects. A classification is presented on the basis of mutated BRCT domain solubility, phosphopeptide-binding properties, and VUS HR capacity. These data suggest that HR-defective variants, which present, in addition, BRCT domains either insoluble in bacteria or defective for phosphopeptide binding, lead to an increased cancer risk. Furthermore, the data suggest that variants with a WT HR activity and whose BRCT domains bind with a WT affinity to the 5 phosphopeptides are neutral. The case of variants with WT HR activity and defective phosphopeptide binding should be further characterized, as this last functional defect might be sufficient per se to lead to tumorigenesis. IMPLICATIONS: The analysis of the current study on BRCA1 structural and functional defects on cancer risk and classification presented may improve clinical interpretation and therapeutic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Petitalot
- Service de Génétique, Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, UMR 9198, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elodie Dardillac
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Team labeled "Ligue 2014," Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Naima Nhiri
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Josée Guirouilh-Barbat
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Team labeled "Ligue 2014," Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Julien
- Service de Génétique, Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Isslam Bouazzaoui
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, UMR 9198, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dorine Bonte
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Feunteun
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jeff A Schnell
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Lafitte
- Service de Génétique, Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Aude
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, UMR 9198, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Noguès
- Service de Génétique, Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Rouleau
- Service de Génétique, Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Rosette Lidereau
- Service de Génétique, Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bernard S Lopez
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Team labeled "Ligue 2014," Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Zinn-Justin
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, UMR 9198, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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5
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van Kempen LCL, Redpath M, Elchebly M, Klein KO, Papadakis AI, Wilmott JS, Scolyer RA, Edqvist PH, Pontén F, Schadendorf D, van Rijk AF, Michiels S, Dumay A, Helbling-Leclerc A, Dessen P, Wouters J, Stass M, Greenwood CMT, Ghanem GE, van den Oord J, Feunteun J, Spatz A. The protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit PR70 is a gonosomal melanoma tumor suppressor gene. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:369ra177. [PMID: 27974665 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai9188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Male gender is independently and significantly associated with poor prognosis in melanoma of all clinical stages. The biological underpinnings of this sex difference remain largely unknown, but we hypothesized that gene expression from gonosomes (sex chromosomes) might play an important role. We demonstrate that loss of the inactivated X chromosome in melanomas arising in females is strongly associated with poor distant metastasis-free survival, suggesting a dosage benefit from two X chromosomes. The gonosomal protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B, beta (PPP2R3B) gene is located on the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) of the X chromosome in females and the Y chromosome in males. We observed that, despite its location on the PAR that predicts equal dosage across genders, PPP2R3B expression was lower in males than in females and was independently correlated with poor clinical outcome. PPP2R3B codes for the PR70 protein, a regulatory substrate-recognizing subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. PR70 decreased melanoma growth by negatively interfering with DNA replication and cell cycle progression through its role in stabilizing the cell division cycle 6 (CDC6)-chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (CDT1) interaction, which delays the firing of origins of DNA replication. Hence, PR70 functionally behaves as an X-linked tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon C L van Kempen
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margaret Redpath
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mounib Elchebly
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andreas I Papadakis
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Per-Henrik Edqvist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anke F van Rijk
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, UMR 1018, Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Anne Dumay
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM, UMR S 1149, Labex Inflamex, Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Helbling-Leclerc
- CNRS, UMR 8200, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.,CNRS UMR 8200, Universite Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Hématopoïèse normale et pathologique, INSERM UMR 1170, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jasper Wouters
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Computational Biology, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marguerite Stass
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ghanem E Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Feunteun
- CNRS UMR 8200, Universite Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alan Spatz
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Hennig K, Antignac JP, Bichon E, Morvan ML, Miran I, Delaloge S, Feunteun J, Le Bizec B. Steroid hormone profiling in human breast adipose tissue using semi-automated purification and highly sensitive determination of estrogens by GC-APCI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:259-275. [PMID: 29147745 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Body mass index is a known breast cancer risk factor due to, among other mechanisms, adipose-derived hormones. We developed a method for steroid hormone profiling in adipose tissue to evaluate healthy tissue around the tumor and define new biomarkers for cancer development. A semi-automated sample preparation method based on gel permeation chromatography and subsequent derivatization with trimethylsilyl (TMS) is presented. Progestagens and androgens were determined by GC-EI-MS/MS (LOQ 0.5 to 10 ng/g lipids). For estrogen measurement, a highly sensitive GC-APCI-MS/MS method was developed to reach the required lower limits of detection (0.05 to 0.1 ng/g lipids in matrix, 100-200 fg on column for pure standards). The combination of the two methods allows the screening of 27 androgens and progestagens and 4 estrogens from a single sample. Good accuracies and repeatabilities were achieved for each compound class at their respective limit of detection. The method was applied to determine steroid hormone profiles in adipose tissue of 51 patients, collected both at proximity and distant to the tumor. Out of the 31 tested steroid hormones, 14 compounds were detected in human samples. Pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstendione accounted together for 80% of the observed steroid hormone profiles, whereas the estrogens accounted for only 1%. These profiles did not differ based on sampling location, except for ß-estradiol; steroid hormone conversions from androgens to estrogens that potentially take place in adipose or tumoral tissue might not be detectable due a factor 100 difference in concentration of for example DHEA and ß-estradiol. Graphical Abstract Schematic overview of the determination of steroid hormones and metabolites in adipose tissue in proximity and distal to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hennig
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Jean Philippe Antignac
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Bichon
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Line Morvan
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Miran
- UMR981 INSERM, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- Breast Cancer Group, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Feunteun
- UMR8200 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), ONIRIS, LUNAM Université, 44307, Nantes, France
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7
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Jouenne F, Chauvot de Beauchene I, Bollaert E, Avril MF, Caron O, Ingster O, Lecesne A, Benusiglio P, Terrier P, Caumette V, Pissaloux D, de la Fouchardière A, Cabaret O, N'Diaye B, Velghe A, Bougeard G, Mann GJ, Koscielny S, Barrett JH, Harland M, Newton-Bishop J, Gruis N, Van Doorn R, Gauthier-Villars M, Pierron G, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Coupier I, Guimbaud R, Delnatte C, Scoazec JY, Eggermont AM, Feunteun J, Tchertanov L, Demoulin JB, Frebourg T, Bressac-de Paillerets B. Germline CDKN2A/P16INK4A mutations contribute to genetic determinism of sarcoma. J Med Genet 2017; 54:607-612. [PMID: 28592523 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal malignancies whose pathogenesis is poorly understood; both environmental and genetic risk factors could contribute to their aetiology. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a familial aggregation of three individuals affected with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) without TP53 mutation (Li-Fraumeni-like, LFL) and found a shared pathogenic mutation in CDKN2A tumour suppressor gene. We searched for individuals with sarcoma among 474 melanoma-prone families with a CDKN2A-/+ genotype and for CDKN2A mutations in 190 TP53-negative LFL families where the index case was a sarcoma. Including the initial family, eight independent sarcoma cases carried a germline mutation in the CDKN2A/p16INK4A gene. In five out of seven formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sarcomas, heterozygosity was lost at germline CDKN2A mutations sites demonstrating complete loss of function. As sarcomas are rare in CDKN2A/p16INK4A carriers, we searched in constitutional WES of nine carriers for potential modifying rare variants and identified three in platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRA) gene. Molecular modelling showed that two never-described variants could impact the PDGFRA extracellular domain structure. CONCLUSION Germline mutations in CDKN2A/P16INK4A, a gene known to predispose to hereditary melanoma, pancreatic cancer and tobacco-related cancers, account also for a subset of hereditary sarcoma. In addition, we identified PDGFRA as a candidate modifier gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanélie Jouenne
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1186, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Emeline Bollaert
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Avril
- Department of Dermatology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Cochin Tarnier, Paris, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Paris 5 Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Caron
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Axel Lecesne
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Benusiglio
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Terrier
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent Caumette
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Pathology, Centre Leon Bérard, Lyon, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | | | - Odile Cabaret
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Birama N'Diaye
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Amélie Velghe
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaelle Bougeard
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U1079, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Centre for Genomic and personalized Medicine, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France
| | - Graham J Mann
- Centre for Cancer Research, Weastmead Institute for Medical Research and Melanoma Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Serge Koscielny
- Service de Biostatistiques et d'Epidemiologie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1018, CESP, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jennifer H Barrett
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nelleke Gruis
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gaelle Pierron
- Institut Curie Hospital Group, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Coupier
- Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Service de Génétique Médicale et Oncogénétique, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CRCM Val d'Aurellle, INSERM U896, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Capucine Delnatte
- Unité d'Oncogénétique, Centre René Gauducheau, Nantes Saint Herblain, France
| | - Jean-Yves Scoazec
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexander M Eggermont
- INSERM U1015 and Faculté de médecine, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Feunteun
- CNRS UMR8200, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Luba Tchertanov
- Centre de Mathématiques et de leurs applications, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | | | - Thierry Frebourg
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U1079, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Centre for Genomic and personalized Medicine, Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France
| | - Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1186, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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8
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Kempen LCV, Redpath M, Elchebly M, Klein KO, Papadakis A, Willmott J, Scolyer R, Edqvist PH, Ponten F, Schadendorf D, Rjk AV, Michiels S, Dumay A, Helbling-Leclerc A, Dessen P, Wouters J, Stass M, Greenwood C, Ghanem GE, Oord JVD, Feunteun J, Spatz A. Abstract 5528: The protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit PR70 is a gonosomal melanoma tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Male gender is independently and significantly associated with poor prognosis in melanoma of all clinical stages. The biological underpinnings of this sex difference remain largely unknown, but we hypothesize that gene expression from gonosomes may play an important role. The current study demonstrates that loss of the inactivated X chromosome in melanomas arising in females is strongly associated with poor distant metastasis-free survival, suggesting a dosage benefit of two X-chromosomes. The gonosomal PPP2R3B gene is located on the pseudo-autosomal region (PAR) of the X-chromosome in females and on the Y-chromosome in males. We observed that despite its location on the PAR that predicts equal dosage across genders, PPP2R3B expression is lower in males than in females, and is independently correlated with poor clinical outcome. PPP2R3B codes for the PR70 protein, a regulatory substrate recognizing subunit of PP2A, that decreases melanoma growth by negatively interfering with DNA replication and cell cycle progression through its role in stabilizing CDC6/CDT1 interaction that delays the firing of origins of DNA replication. As such, PR70 behaves functionally as an X-linked tumor suppressor gene.
Citation Format: Léon C.L. Van Kempen, Margaret Redpath, Mounib Elchebly, Kathleen Oros Klein, Andreas Papadakis, James Willmott, Richard Scolyer, Per-Henrik Edqvist, Fredrik Ponten, Dirk Schadendorf, Anke van Rjk, Stefan Michiels, Anne Dumay, Anne Helbling-Leclerc, Philippe Dessen, Jasper Wouters, Marguerite Stass, Celia Greenwood, G. Elias Ghanem, Joost van den Oord, Jean Feunteun, Alan Spatz. The protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit PR70 is a gonosomal melanoma tumor suppressor gene [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5528. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5528
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mounib Elchebly
- 2Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Papadakis
- 2Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Willmott
- 3Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Scolyer
- 3Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Anke van Rjk
- 2Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anne Dumay
- 6Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan Spatz
- 1McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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10
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Swanton C, Soria JC, Bardelli A, Biankin A, Caldas C, Chandarlapaty S, de Koning L, Dive C, Feunteun J, Leung SY, Marais R, Mardis ER, McGranahan N, Middleton G, Quezada SA, Rodón J, Rosenfeld N, Sotiriou C, André F. Consensus on precision medicine for metastatic cancers: a report from the MAP conference. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1443-8. [PMID: 27143638 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnologies have led to the development of multiplex genomic and proteomic analyses for clinical use. Nevertheless, guidelines are currently lacking to determine which molecular assays should be implemented in metastatic cancers. The first MAP conference was dedicated to exploring the use of genomics to better select therapies in the treatment of metastatic cancers. Sixteen consensus items were covered. There was a consensus that new technologies like next-generation sequencing of tumors and ddPCR on circulating free DNA have convincing analytical validity. Further work needs to be undertaken to establish the clinical utility of liquid biopsies and the added clinical value of expanding from individual gene tests into large gene panels. Experts agreed that standardized bioinformatics methods for biological interpretation of genomic data are needed and that precision medicine trials should be stratified based on the level of evidence available for the genomic alterations identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London UCL Hospitals and Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - J-C Soria
- Drug Development Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Department of Medical Oncology, INSERM Unit U981, Faculté de medicine Paris-Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, Villejuif, France
| | - A Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - A Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow
| | - C Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Chandarlapaty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - L de Koning
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - C Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Feunteun
- Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - S-Y Leung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - R Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E R Mardis
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - N McGranahan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London
| | - G Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham
| | - S A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Rodón
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Rosenfeld
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge
| | - C Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory-BCTL (ULB 290), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - F André
- Department of Medical Oncology, INSERM Unit U981, Faculté de medicine Paris-Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre, Villejuif, France
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11
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Scherer D, Miran I, Mazouni C, Sarfati B, Bernard M, Adam J, Louvet E, Drusch F, Vielh P, Alhazmi K, Ulrich CM, Delaloge S, Feunteun J. Abstract 4286: Gene expression profiles in adipose tissue of cancer-bearing breasts differ from that of tumor-free breasts. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Adipose tissue - long believed to be no more than an energy storage organ - is metabolically active and consists of a variety of cell types. Adipocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages reside in adipose tissue and may have tumor-promoting properties through the release of cytokines and other growth stimulating molecules. Further, adipose tissue has the capacity of storing pollutants and carcinogens. Breast tumors are embedded in adipose tissue and the direct interface between tumor and adipose tissue in the breast defines a micro-environment potentially fostering tumor initiation and/or progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptome of adipose tissue from cancer-bearing breasts, localized either close to or distant from the tumor, in addition to comparing it to adipose tissue from tumor-free breasts.
Methods
We collected adipose tissue from n = 33 tumor-bearing breasts (a) close to (< 2cm) and (b) distant from (>5cm) the tumor and from n = 5 tumor-free breasts to investigate gene expression profiles in these three series of tissues. Gene expression was measured from RNA isolated from fresh frozen adipose tissue using Illumina HT12 bead arrays. Quantile normalized expression values were analyzed between (a) and (b) as well as between (a)+(b) and (c) using t-test. Data was filtered by standard variation of 0.95. P-values ≤0.001 were considered significant.
Results
We did not observe any significant differences in gene expression when comparing adipose tissue close to or distant from the tumor. By contrast, expression profiles in adipose tissue of tumor-free breasts clearly differed from that of cancer-bearing breasts. We observed 81 genes significantly differentially expressed between the two groups. Among the overexpressed genes were the previously identified genes MARCO and VSIG4, which were 1.5-fold upregulated in adipose tissue from diseased patients (both p-value = 0.001). Both genes are involved in processes of immunity and inflammation, promoting immune-tolerance in macrophages and T-cells. Other differentially expressed genes also relate to these pathways including CD163, CCL13 and C3. This striking role of inflammatory and immune-modulatory processes was further supported by pathway analyses.
Conclusions
Breast adipose tissues of cancer-bearing breasts show distinct gene expression profiles from that of tumor-free breasts, whereas tumor-distant and tumor-close adipose tissues are similar. However the selected distance of ≤2cm from the tumor may by insufficient to capture the tumor micro-environment. Nevertheless, this rather provocative result raises issues related to the status of breast adipose tissue that may define individually determined cancer fields. Differentially expressed genes are, to a large proportion, involved in immunity-related and inflammatory processes, emphasizing that adipose tissue is an important contributor to one of the hallmarks of cancer.
Citation Format: Dominique Scherer, Isabelle Miran, Chafika Mazouni, Benjamin Sarfati, Marine Bernard, Julien Adam, Emilie Louvet, Francoise Drusch, Philippe Vielh, Khalid Alhazmi, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Suzette Delaloge, Jean Feunteun. Gene expression profiles in adipose tissue of cancer-bearing breasts differ from that of tumor-free breasts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4286.
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Wang H, Bierie B, Li AG, Pathania S, Toomire K, Dimitrov SD, Liu B, Gelman R, Giobbie-Hurder A, Feunteun J, Polyak K, Livingston DM. BRCA1/FANCD2/BRG1-Driven DNA Repair Stabilizes the Differentiation State of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells. Mol Cell 2016; 63:277-292. [PMID: 27373334 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An abnormal differentiation state is common in BRCA1-deficient mammary epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we report a convergence between DNA repair and normal, cultured human mammary epithelial (HME) cell differentiation. Surprisingly, depleting BRCA1 or FANCD2 (Fanconi anemia [FA] proteins) or BRG1, a mSWI/SNF subunit, caused HME cells to undergo spontaneous epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aberrant differentiation. This also occurred when wild-type HMEs were exposed to chemicals that generate DNA interstrand crosslinks (repaired by FA proteins), but not in response to double-strand breaks. Suppressed expression of ΔNP63 also occurred in each of these settings, an effect that links DNA damage to the aberrant differentiation outcome. Taken together with somatic breast cancer genome data, these results point to a breakdown in a BRCA/FA-mSWI/SNF-ΔNP63-mediated DNA repair and differentiation maintenance process in mammary epithelial cells that may contribute to sporadic breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Brian Bierie
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew G Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shailja Pathania
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Toomire
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stoil D Dimitrov
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Gelman
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jean Feunteun
- Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David M Livingston
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Lakisic G, Lebreton A, Pourpre R, Wendling O, Libertini E, Radford EJ, Le Guillou M, Champy MF, Wattenhofer-Donzé M, Soubigou G, Ait-Si-Ali S, Feunteun J, Sorg T, Coppée JY, Ferguson-Smith AC, Cossart P, Bierne H. Role of the BAHD1 Chromatin-Repressive Complex in Placental Development and Regulation of Steroid Metabolism. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005898. [PMID: 26938916 PMCID: PMC4777444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BAHD1 is a vertebrate protein that promotes heterochromatin formation and gene repression in association with several epigenetic regulators. However, its physiological roles remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ablation of the Bahd1 gene results in hypocholesterolemia, hypoglycemia and decreased body fat in mice. It also causes placental growth restriction with a drop of trophoblast glycogen cells, a reduction of fetal weight and a high neonatal mortality rate. By intersecting transcriptome data from murine Bahd1 knockout (KO) placentas at stages E16.5 and E18.5 of gestation, Bahd1-KO embryonic fibroblasts, and human cells stably expressing BAHD1, we also show that changes in BAHD1 levels alter expression of steroid/lipid metabolism genes. Biochemical analysis of the BAHD1-associated multiprotein complex identifies MIER proteins as novel partners of BAHD1 and suggests that BAHD1-MIER interaction forms a hub for histone deacetylases and methyltransferases, chromatin readers and transcription factors. We further show that overexpression of BAHD1 leads to an increase of MIER1 enrichment on the inactive X chromosome (Xi). In addition, BAHD1 and MIER1/3 repress expression of the steroid hormone receptor genes ESR1 and PGR, both playing important roles in placental development and energy metabolism. Moreover, modulation of BAHD1 expression in HEK293 cells triggers epigenetic changes at the ESR1 locus. Together, these results identify BAHD1 as a core component of a chromatin-repressive complex regulating placental morphogenesis and body fat storage and suggest that its dysfunction may contribute to several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Lakisic
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Équipe Microbiologie Cellulaire et Epigénétique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alice Lebreton
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Pourpre
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Équipe Microbiologie Cellulaire et Epigénétique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Institut Clinique de la Souris-ICS-MCI, PHENOMIN, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Emanuele Libertini
- Plateforme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth J. Radford
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Morwenna Le Guillou
- CNRS UMR8200 Stabilité génétique et oncogenèse, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-France Champy
- Institut Clinique de la Souris-ICS-MCI, PHENOMIN, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Wattenhofer-Donzé
- Institut Clinique de la Souris-ICS-MCI, PHENOMIN, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Soubigou
- Plateforme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean Feunteun
- CNRS UMR8200 Stabilité génétique et oncogenèse, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Tania Sorg
- Institut Clinique de la Souris-ICS-MCI, PHENOMIN, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Yves Coppée
- Plateforme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U604, Paris, France
- INRA USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Équipe Microbiologie Cellulaire et Epigénétique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Pathania S, Bade S, Le Guillou M, Burke K, Su Y, Ting DT, Polyak K, Richardson AL, Feunteun J, Garber JE, Livingston DM. Abstract S5-05: Defective stalled replication fork repair and predisposition to hereditary breast cancer. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-s5-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene, and germ line BRCA1 mutations increase the risk of breast cancer. While all cells with BRCA1 mutations exhibit a heterozygous BRCA1mut/+ genotype, cancer develops primarily in females, often at young ages and affects almost exclusively the breast and ovaries. Why BRCA1 shows such tissue specificity, and how a normal cell in a BRCA1 mutation carrier (BRCA1mut/+) gives rise to invasive tumor cells are largely unknown.
To determine whether BRCA1 heterozygosity in cells confers defect in any of the multiple, known, BRCA1 functions is a potentially valuable step in achieving a better understanding of BRCA1 mutation-driven cancer predisposition. Thus, we have analyzed a collection of primary mammary BRCA1mut/+ epithelial cells and skin fibroblasts obtained from BRCA1 mutation carriers for such functions.
We, and others have recently shown that BRCA1 exhibits a new DNA damage repair function – i.e. repair of stalled replication forks (SFR). Stalled forks, when not resolved, lead to mutations, or collapse into double strand breaks (DSBs). Both outcomes result in what is commonly referred to as replication stress (RS), which, when chronic, is a driving force behind cancer development. To determine if SFR is defective in normal/healthy breast cells in BRCA1 mutation carriers, and whether this haploinsufficiency results in the kind of genomic changes that lead to cancer, we have now generated 18 primary fibroblast strains from skin punch biopsies and 10 primary mammary epithelial cell (MECs) strains from prophylactic mastectomies performed on BRCA1 mutation carrying women. This collection includes N=23 different BRCA1 mutations, which, together, span almost the entire BRCA1 gene. BRCA1+/+ control MECs were derived from tissue collected during reduction mammoplasties and control fibroblasts were derived from skin punch biopsies from women with no BRCA1 mutation.
Our current data shows that BRCA1mut/+ strains exhibited multiple, normal BRCA1 functions, including the support of homologous recombination- type double strand break repair (HR-DSBR), cell cycle- associated checkpoint functions, centrosome number control, spindle pole formation, Slug expression and satellite RNA suppression. By contrast, nearly all strains were defective in the repair of stalled replication forks and in the suppression of fork collapse, i.e. replication stress. These defects were rescued by reconstituting BRCA1 heterozygous cells with wild-type BRCA1 cDNA, indicating that they are a product of BRCA1 haploinsufficiency.
In addition, the development of sufficient replication stalling rendered BRCA1mut/+ cells defective in an otherwise intact BRCA1 function, HR-DSBR. No such ‘conditional’ haploinsufficiency was detected in any of the other non-haploinsufficient functions, noted above. Given the importance of replication stress in cancer development and of an HR defect in breast cancer pathogenesis, these defects, when they develop serially, could contribute to the BRCA1 breast cancer development pathway.
Finally, given the important role of BRCA2, another hereditary breast cancer gene, in stalled fork stability, a similar analysis for BRCA2mut/+ cells from BRCA2 mutation carriers is currently underway and will also be reported at the meeting.
Citation Format: Shailja Pathania, Sangeeta Bade, Morwenna Le Guillou, Karly Burke, Ying Su, David T Ting, Kornelia Polyak, Andrea L Richardson, Jean Feunteun, Judy E Garber, David M Livingston. Defective stalled replication fork repair and predisposition to hereditary breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr S5-05.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Su
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
| | | | | | | | - Jean Feunteun
- 3Laboratoire Stabilite' Genetique et Oncogenese, Université Paris-Sud
| | - Judy E Garber
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- 2Harvard Medical School
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Pathania S, Bade S, Le Guillou M, Burke K, Reed R, Bowman-Colin C, Su Y, Ting DT, Polyak K, Richardson AL, Feunteun J, Garber JE, Livingston DM. BRCA1 haploinsufficiency for replication stress suppression in primary cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5496. [PMID: 25400221 PMCID: PMC4243249 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1—a breast and ovarian cancer suppressor gene—promotes genome integrity. To study the functionality of BRCA1 in the heterozygous state, we established a collection of primary human BRCA1+/+ and BRCA1mut/+ mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Here we report that all BRCA1mut/+ cells exhibited multiple normal BRCA1 functions, including the support of homologous recombination- type double-strand break repair (HR-DSBR), checkpoint functions, centrosome number control, spindle pole formation, Slug expression and satellite RNA suppression. In contrast, the same cells were defective in stalled replication fork repair and/or suppression of fork collapse, that is, replication stress. These defects were rescued by reconstituting BRCA1mut/+ cells with wt BRCA1. In addition, we observed ‘conditional’ haploinsufficiency for HR-DSBR in BRCA1mut/+ cells in the face of replication stress. Given the importance of replication stress in epithelial cancer development and of an HR defect in breast cancer pathogenesis, both defects are candidate contributors to tumorigenesis in BRCA1-deficient mammary tissue. BRCA1 is a key breast and ovarian cancer suppressor involved in DSB repair. Here, the authors show that cells heterozygous for several BRCA1 mutations are universally defective in the response to replication stress, which could contribute to the BRCA1 breast cancer development pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Pathania
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sangeeta Bade
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Morwenna Le Guillou
- Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Karly Burke
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rachel Reed
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Christian Bowman-Colin
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ying Su
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David T Ting
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- 1] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jean Feunteun
- Stabilité Génétique et Oncogenèse, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Judy E Garber
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David M Livingston
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Couvé S, Ladroue C, Laine E, Mahtouk K, Guégan J, Gad S, Le Jeune H, Le Gentil M, Nuel G, Kim WY, Lecomte B, Pagès JC, Collin C, Lasne F, Benusiglio PR, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Feunteun J, Lazar V, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Mazure NM, Dessen P, Tchertanov L, Mole DR, Kaelin W, Ratcliffe P, Richard S, Gardie B. Genetic evidence of a precisely tuned dysregulation in the hypoxia signaling pathway during oncogenesis. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6554-64. [PMID: 25371412 PMCID: PMC5555745 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The classic model of tumor suppression implies that malignant transformation requires full "two-hit" inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene. However, more recent work in mice has led to the proposal of a "continuum" model that involves more fluid concepts such as gene dosage-sensitivity and tissue specificity. Mutations in the tumor-suppressor gene von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) are associated with a complex spectrum of conditions. Homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for the R200W germline mutation in VHL have Chuvash polycythemia, whereas heterozygous carriers are free of disease. Individuals with classic, heterozygous VHL mutations have VHL disease and are at high risk of multiple tumors (e.g., CNS hemangioblastomas, pheochromocytoma, and renal cell carcinoma). We report here an atypical family bearing two VHL gene mutations in cis (R200W and R161Q), together with phenotypic analysis, structural modeling, functional, and transcriptomic studies of these mutants in comparison with classical mutants involved in the different VHL phenotypes. We demonstrate that the complex pattern of disease manifestations observed in VHL syndrome is perfectly correlated with a gradient of VHL protein (pVHL) dysfunction in hypoxia signaling pathways. Thus, by studying naturally occurring familial mutations, our work validates in humans the "continuum" model of tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Couvé
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Villejuif, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U753, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Centre Expert National Cancers Rares INCa "PREDIR" and Réseau National INCa "Maladie de VHL et prédispositions au cancer du rein," Service d'Urologie, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Charline Ladroue
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Villejuif, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U753, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Elodie Laine
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), CNRS-ENS de Cachan, LabEx LERMIT, Cachan, France. Equipe de Génomique Analytique, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, CNRS-UPMC, UMR 7238, Paris, France
| | - Karène Mahtouk
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Villejuif, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U753, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Justine Guégan
- Plate-forme de Génomique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Gad
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Villejuif, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U753, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Centre Expert National Cancers Rares INCa "PREDIR" and Réseau National INCa "Maladie de VHL et prédispositions au cancer du rein," Service d'Urologie, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hélène Le Jeune
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Villejuif, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U753, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Marion Le Gentil
- Plate-forme de Génomique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Gregory Nuel
- Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 (MAP5), UMR CNRS 8145, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- INSERM U966, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Christine Collin
- INSERM U966, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
| | - Françoise Lasne
- Département des analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Patrick R Benusiglio
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Centre Expert National Cancers Rares INCa "PREDIR" and Réseau National INCa "Maladie de VHL et prédispositions au cancer du rein," Service d'Urologie, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets
- Centre Expert National Cancers Rares INCa "PREDIR" and Réseau National INCa "Maladie de VHL et prédispositions au cancer du rein," Service d'Urologie, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Service de Génétique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean Feunteun
- Laboratoire Stabilité génétique et Oncogénèse, UMR CNRS 8200, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Plate-forme de Génomique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Centre Expert National Cancers Rares INCa "PREDIR" and Réseau National INCa "Maladie de VHL et prédispositions au cancer du rein," Service d'Urologie, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France. INSERM UMR970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center at HEGP, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Ageing of Nice (IRCAN), UMR CNRS 7284, INSERM U1081, UNS, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Plate-forme de Génomique, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Luba Tchertanov
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), CNRS-ENS de Cachan, LabEx LERMIT, Cachan, France
| | - David R Mole
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Ratcliffe
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Villejuif, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U753, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. Centre Expert National Cancers Rares INCa "PREDIR" and Réseau National INCa "Maladie de VHL et prédispositions au cancer du rein," Service d'Urologie, Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France.
| | - Betty Gardie
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique de l'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Villejuif, France. Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) INSERM U892, CNRS 6299, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers (CRCNA), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
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Feunteun J. La prédisposition héréditaire au cancer du sein liée à BRCA1 et BRCA2 : une maladie de la réponse aux lésions génotoxiques ? Med Sci (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Pathania S, Nguyen J, Hill SJ, Scully R, Adelmant GO, Marto JA, Feunteun J, Livingston DM. BRCA1 is required for postreplication repair after UV-induced DNA damage. Mol Cell 2011; 44:235-51. [PMID: 21963239 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 contributes to the response to UV irradiation. Utilizing its BRCT motifs, it is recruited during S/G2 to UV-damaged sites in a DNA replication-dependent but nucleotide excision repair (NER)-independent manner. More specifically, at UV-stalled replication forks, it promotes photoproduct excision, suppression of translesion synthesis, and the localization and activation of replication factor C complex (RFC) subunits. The last function, in turn, triggers post-UV checkpoint activation and postreplicative repair. These BRCA1 functions differ from those required for DSBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Pathania
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ladroue C, Hoogewijs D, Gad S, Carcenac R, Storti F, Barrois M, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Leporrier M, Casadevall N, Hermine O, Kiladjian JJ, Baruchel A, Fakhoury F, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Feunteun J, Mazure N, Pouysségur J, Wenger RH, Richard S, Gardie B. Distinct deregulation of the hypoxia inducible factor by PHD2 mutants identified in germline DNA of patients with polycythemia. Haematologica 2011; 97:9-14. [PMID: 21933857 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.044644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital secondary erythrocytoses are due to deregulation of hypoxia inducible factor resulting in overproduction of erythropoietin. The most common germline mutation identified in the hypoxia signaling pathway is the Arginine 200-Tryptophan mutant of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, resulting in Chuvash polycythemia. This mutant displays a weak deficiency in hypoxia inducible factor α regulation and does not promote tumorigenesis. Other von Hippel-Lindau mutants with more deleterious effects are responsible for von Hippel-Lindau disease, which is characterized by the development of multiple tumors. Recently, a few mutations in gene for the prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 protein (PHD2) have been reported in cases of congenital erythrocytosis not associated with tumor formation with the exception of one patient with a recurrent extra-adrenal paraganglioma. DESIGN AND METHODS Five PHD2 variants, four of which were novel, were identified in patients with erythrocytosis. These PHD2 variants were functionally analyzed and compared with the PHD2 mutant previously identified in a patient with polycythemia and paraganglioma. The capacity of PHD2 to regulate the activity, stability and hydroxylation of hypoxia inducible factor α was assessed using hypoxia-inducible reporter gene, one-hybrid and in vitro hydroxylation assays, respectively. RESULTS This functional comparative study showed that two categories of PHD2 mutants could be distinguished: one category with a weak deficiency in hypoxia inducible factor α regulation and a second one with a deleterious effect; the mutant implicated in tumor occurrence belongs to the second category. CONCLUSIONS As observed with germline von Hippel-Lindau mutations, there are functional differences between the PHD2 mutants with regards to hypoxia inducible factor regulation. PHD2 mutation carriers do, therefore, need careful medical follow-up, since some mutations must be considered as potential candidates for tumor predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Ladroue
- Villejuif et Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Génétique Oncologique EPHE, INSERM U753, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Spatz A, van Kempen LC, Job B, Richon C, Barrois M, Dessen P, Lazar V, Michiels S, Helbling-Leclerc A, Dumay A, Petrella T, Batist G, Stas M, Schadendorf D, van den Oord J, Feunteun J. Abstract 4835: Gonosome-linked expression of PPP2R3B in cutaneous melanoma correlates with distant metastasis free survival. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-4835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: A strong adverse male effect for melanoma incidence and survival has been reported. No biological explanation, including hormonal differences, has been identified so far. We hypothesize that this gender difference in incidence and survival involves X-linked tumor suppressor genes and/or oncogenes whose expression is affected by X-chromosome alterations.
Methods: DNA and RNA were extracted from 49 fresh frozen primary melanomas (32 females, 17 males, distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) <3 years or follow up >3 years) and subjected to array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Supervised and unsupervised cluster analyses were performed. X-inactivation was studied by Xist RNA in situ hybridization and androgen receptor methylation-sensitive PCR. The expression of a candidate X-linked gene was analyzed by quantitative PCR and correlated with DMFS in uni- and multivariate analyses.
Results: Supervised cluster analyses revealed distinct DNA signatures associated with clinical and histopathological characteristics. Unsupervised clustering identified three groups of which one was composed of predominantly female patients (10/13) and associated with the worst DMFS. This group was characterized by loss of one X-chromosome in 7 of the 13 patients. Loss of X correlated with poor DMFS of female patients (logrank p=0.009). Intriguingly, the lost X chromosome was systematically the inactivated copy. Among the 17 males, Y-chromosome loss correlated with DMFS (logrank p=0.015). We found that the PPP2R3B gene, located within one of the pseudoautosomal regions and thus not inactivated on the inactive X in females, is lost from the Y in males. PPP2R3B encodes a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2 that may negatively control cell proliferation via targets such as CDC6 or RB. Quantitative analysis of PPP2R3B mRNA expression in an independent sample set of melanomas revealed a strong correlation between decreased levels of PPP2R3B expression and poor DMFS irrespective of gender in multivariate analysis (p=0.0007).
Conclusion: Our analyses reveal a specific pattern of X and Y chromosome losses that are associated with melanoma progression. PPP2R3B is a potential gonosome-linked tumor suppressor gene, whose loss of expression correlates with poor DMFS.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4835. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4835
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Spatz
- 1McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Dumay
- 2Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Gardie B, Remenieras A, Kattygnarath D, Bombled J, Lefèvre S, Perrier-Trudova V, Rustin P, Barrois M, Slama A, Avril MF, Bessis D, Caron O, Caux F, Collignon P, Coupier I, Cremin C, Dollfus H, Dugast C, Escudier B, Faivre L, Field M, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Janin N, Leport Y, Leroux D, Lipsker D, Malthieu F, McGilliwray B, Maugard C, Méjean A, Mortemousque I, Plessis G, Poppe B, Pruvost-Balland C, Rooker S, Roume J, Soufir N, Steinraths M, Tan MH, Théodore C, Thomas L, Vabres P, Van Glabeke E, Meric JB, Verkarre V, Lenoir G, Joulin V, Deveaux S, Cusin V, Feunteun J, Teh BT, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Richard S. Novel FH mutations in families with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) and patients with isolated type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma. J Med Genet 2011; 48:226-34. [PMID: 21398687 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2010.085068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder predisposing humans to cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas; in 20% of affected families, type 2 papillary renal cell cancers (PRCCII) also occur with aggressive course and poor prognosis. HLRCC results from heterozygous germline mutations in the tumour suppressor fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. METHODS As part of the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) 'Inherited predispositions to kidney cancer' network, sequence analysis and a functional study of FH were preformed in 56 families with clinically proven or suspected HLRCC and in 23 patients with isolated PRCCII (5 familial and 18 sporadic). RESULTS The study identified 32 different germline FH mutations (15 missense, 6 frameshifts, 4 nonsense, 1 deletion/insertion, 5 splice site, and 1 complete deletion) in 40/56 (71.4%) families with proven or suspected HLRCC and in 4/23 (17.4%) probands with PRCCII alone, including 2 sporadic cases. 21 of these were novel and all were demonstrated as deleterious by significant reduction of FH enzymatic activity. In addition, 5 asymptomatic parents in 3 families were confirmed as carrying disease-causing mutations. CONCLUSIONS This study identified and characterised 21 novel FH mutations and demonstrated that PRCCII can be the only one manifestation of HLRCC. Due to the incomplete penetrance of HLRCC, the authors propose to extend the FH mutation analysis to every patient with PRCCII occurring before 40 years of age or when renal tumour harbours characteristic histologic features, in order to discover previously ignored HLRCC affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Gardie
- Génétique Oncologique EPHE, INSERM U753, Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy Villejuif, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, 63 avenue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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23
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Manié E, Vincent-Salomon A, Lehmann-Che J, Pierron G, Turpin E, Warcoin M, Gruel N, Lebigot I, Sastre-Garau X, Lidereau R, Remenieras A, Feunteun J, Delattre O, de Thé H, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Stern MH. High frequency of TP53 mutation in BRCA1 and sporadic basal-like carcinomas but not in BRCA1 luminal breast tumors. Cancer Res 2009; 69:663-71. [PMID: 19147582 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast tumors with a germ-line mutation of BRCA1 (BRCA1 tumors) and basal-like carcinoma (BLC) are associated with a high rate of TP53 mutation. Because BRCA1 tumors frequently display a basal-like phenotype, this study was designed to determine whether TP53 mutations are correlated with the hereditary BRCA1 mutated status or the particular phenotype of these tumors. The TP53 gene status was first investigated in a series of 35 BRCA1 BLCs using immunohistochemistry, direct sequencing of the coding sequence, and functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast, and compared with the TP53 status in a series of 38 sporadic (nonhereditary) BLCs. Using this sensitive approach, TP53 was found to be frequently mutated in both BRCA1 (34 of 35, 97%) and sporadic (35 of 38, 92%) BLCs. However, the spectrum of mutation was different, particularly with a higher rate of complex mutations, such as insertion/deletion, in BRCA1 BLCs than in the sporadic group [14 of 33 (42%) and 3 of 34 (9%), [corrected] respectively; P = 0.002]. Secondly, the incidence of TP53 mutations was analyzed in 19 BRCA1 luminal tumors using the same strategy. Interestingly, only 10 of these 19 tumors were mutated (53%), a frequency similar to that found in grade-matched sporadic luminal tumors. In conclusion, TP53 mutation is highly recurrent in BLCs independently of BRCA1 status, but not a common feature of BRCA1 luminal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Manié
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
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24
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Ladroue C, Carcenac R, Leporrier M, Gad S, Le Hello C, Galateau-Salle F, Feunteun J, Pouysségur J, Richard S, Gardie B. PHD2 mutation and congenital erythrocytosis with paraganglioma. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:2685-92. [PMID: 19092153 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0806277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins play a major role in regulating the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) that induces expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival. Germ-line mutations in the prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 gene (PHD2) have been reported in patients with familial erythrocytosis but not in association with tumors. We describe a patient with erythrocytosis and recurrent paraganglioma who carries a newly discovered PHD2 mutation. This mutation affects PHD2 function and stabilizes HIF-alpha proteins. In addition, we demonstrate loss of heterozygosity of PHD2 in the tumor, suggesting that PHD2 could be a tumor-suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Ladroue
- Génétique Oncologique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRE 2939), Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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25
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26
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Boustany R, Pautier P, Rey A, Delaloge S, Chompret A, Bressac-De Paillerets B, ElShamy WM, Livingston DM, Feunteun J, Spatz A. Overexpression of BRCA1-IRIS protein in familial ovarian cancers with no BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5513 Background: Germline mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for the majority of hereditary breast-ovarian carcinomas. Nevertheless, in some patients with family history of ovarian cancers, neither point mutations nor genomic alterations are identified. Recently, IRIS gene, an open reading frame that extended from codon 1 of BRCA1 to a termination point in intron 11, has been identified. The encoded protein has been reported to play a role in controlling the replication origins firing (ROF) pathway. The study presented here aims at characterizing whether ROF-related proteins are differentially expressed among familial ovarian cancers associated with a germline BRCA1 or 2 mutation, familial ovarian cancers with wild-type BRCA1/2 genes, and sporadic ovarian cancers. Methods: Tumor samples from 72 patients with ovarian cancer and screened for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation because of family history of breast/ovarian cancer were collected. These cases were matched with 134 sporadic ovarian cancers (controls) according to age, year of diagnosis, tumor stage, histological subtype, and grade. The cases distributed among 26 BRCA1-linked (BRCA1*) tumors, 9 BRCA2-linked (BRCA2*) tumors and 37 with no identified mutation (BRCA1wt/BRCA2wt). Tissue micro-arrays were prepared from the paraffin blocks. P53, MCM3, MCM4, Geminin, PTTG and BRCA1-IRIS immuno-expression were scored with no information on the sample group as follows: the final score was the product of the positive cells percentage by the staining intensity, the final result being used as a continuous variable. Differences between cases and controls were tested by a Wilcoxon test for paired samples. Results: IRIS expression was significantly higher in familial cancers than in controls (P=0.002). When BRCA1/2 genes status was taken into account, differences remained significant when BRCA1wt/BRCA2wt tumors (P=0.04), but not when BRCA1* tumors were compared with controls. However, the latter showed significant higher expression of Geminin than controls (P=0.04). Conclusions: BRCA-1 IRIS protein is overaccumulated in ovarian cancers developed by patients with family history. Our results suggest IRIS may play a role in the development of ovarian cancers and could be related with an ovarian susceptibility. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Boustany
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - P. Pautier
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - A. Rey
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - S. Delaloge
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - A. Chompret
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - W. M. ElShamy
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - D. M. Livingston
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - J. Feunteun
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - A. Spatz
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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27
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Silver DP, Dimitrov SD, Feunteun J, Gelman R, Drapkin R, Lu SD, Shestakova E, Velmurugan S, Denunzio N, Dragomir S, Mar J, Liu X, Rottenberg S, Jonkers J, Ganesan S, Livingston DM. Further evidence for BRCA1 communication with the inactive X chromosome. Cell 2007; 128:991-1002. [PMID: 17350581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1, a breast and ovarian cancer-suppressor gene, exerts tumor-suppressing functions that appear to be associated, at least in part, with its DNA repair, checkpoint, and mitotic regulatory activities. Earlier work from our laboratory also suggested an ability of BRCA1 to communicate with the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in female somatic cells (Ganesan et al., 2002). Xiao et al. (2007) (this issue of Cell) have challenged this conclusion. Here we discuss recently published data from our laboratory and others and present new results that, together, provide further support for a role of BRCA1 in the regulation of XIST concentration on Xi in somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Silver
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Ganesan S, Richardson AL, Wang ZC, Iglehart JD, Miron A, Feunteun J, Silver D, Livingston DM. Abnormalities of the inactive X chromosome are a common feature of BRCA1 mutant and sporadic basal-like breast cancer. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2006; 70:93-7. [PMID: 16869742 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2005.70.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a clinical entity, breast cancer appears to be a series of subforms, each with a relatively specific molecular phenotype. Among the characteristics that differentiate these subforms are sex hormone receptor expression, HER2 expression, p53 mutation, high-grade histopathology, and particular gene expression array patterns. Sporadic basal-like breast cancer is one such form. It is a relatively common, high-grade, hormone receptor and HER2-expression-negative, p53 mutation-bearing tumor and is particularly lethal. Although wild type for BRCA1, it is a sporadic phenocopy of most cases of BRCA1(/) breast cancer. Not only do the cells of the two tumors resemble one another with respect to the above-noted characteristics, they also share a defect in the maintenance of an intact, inactive X chromosome (Xi). Other high-grade and most low-grade tumors are rarely defective at Xi. This evidence suggests that an Xi defect contributes to the evolution of both sporadic and BRCA1(/) basal-like breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ganesan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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29
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Helbling-Leclere A, Lenoir GM, Feunteun J. Heterozygote BRCA1 status and skewed chromosome X inactivation. Fam Cancer 2006; 6:153-7. [PMID: 16944269 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-006-9102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A high frequency of skewed X-chromosome inactivation has been reported in peripheral blood lymphocytes from early onset breast cancer or invasive ovarian cancer patients. Recent findings have shown that breast and ovarian carcinoma cells from BRCA1 mutation carrier women lack the hallmarks of inactive X chromatin structure. These observations suggested that loss of functional BRCA1 in female cells may perturb the process of X inactivation and have lead us to the hypothesis that analysis of skewing could be used as a predictive test for BRCA1 germline mutation in lymphocytes from breast cancer patients. In the present study, we have compared the X inactivation pattern in lymphoblastoid cell lines from 38 females carrying heterozygous BRCA1 mutation to 41 controls. X inactivation analysis was assessed on the polymorphic CAG repeat within the human androgen receptor gene. Our observations rule out an effect of a monoallelic BRCA1 germline mutation on the choice of inactivated chromosome X and therefore the possibility of using analysis of Xi skewing as a predictive test for BRCA1 germline mutation carrier status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Helbling-Leclere
- Genomes et Cancer FRE 2939, Institut Gustave-Roussy, 39 rue Camille-Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France
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30
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Marot D, Opolon P, Brailly-Tabard S, Elie N, Randrianarison V, Connault E, Foray N, Feunteun J, Perricaudet M. The tumor suppressor activity induced by adenovirus-mediated BRCA1 overexpression is not restricted to breast cancers. Gene Ther 2006; 13:235-44. [PMID: 16208422 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The BRCA1 (breast cancer 1) breast cancer susceptibility gene is recognized as responsible for most familial breast and ovarian cancers and is suggested to be a tissue-specific tumor suppressor gene. In this report, we investigated the tissue specificity of tumor inhibitory activities induced by a recombinant adenovirus coding for wild-type BRCA1 (wtAdBRCA1). We demonstrated a pronounced in vitro antiproliferative effect on H1299 lung and HT29 colon cells upon infection with AdBRCA1. We describe a prolonged G1 cell cycle arrest associated with a decrease in the hyperphosphorylated form of Rb, suggesting that the Rb/E2F pathway is implicated in BRCA1-induced cell growth arrest. We also observed a significant antitumor effect in these pre-established subcutaneous tumors after in situ delivery of AdBRCA1, although these two tumors do not express wt p53, and also estrogen alpha and beta, progesterone and androgen receptors. Moreover, BRCA1 can induce a strong prolonged cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death but no significant antiangiogenic effect in H1299 tumors. Finally, our data indicate that intratumor administration of wtAdBRCA1 significantly inhibits growth of lung and colon steroid hormone-independent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marot
- UMR 8121 CNRS, Vectorologie et Transfert de gènes, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France.
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31
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Luciani JJ, Depetris D, Usson Y, Metzler-Guillemain C, Mignon-Ravix C, Mitchell MJ, Megarbane A, Sarda P, Sirma H, Moncla A, Feunteun J, Mattei MG. PML nuclear bodies are highly organised DNA-protein structures with a function in heterochromatin remodelling at the G2 phase. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:2518-31. [PMID: 16735446 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that heterochromatin HP1 proteins are aberrantly distributed in lymphocytes of patients with immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial dysmorphy (ICF) syndrome. The three HP1 proteins accumulate in one giant body over the 1qh and 16qh juxtacentromeric heterochromatins, which are hypomethylated in ICF. The presence of PML (promyelocytic leukaemia) protein within this body suggests it to be a giant PML nuclear body (PML-NB). The structural integrity of PML-NBs is of major importance for normal cell functioning. Nevertheless, the structural organisation and the functions of these nuclear bodies remain unclear. Here, we take advantage of the large size of the giant body to demonstrate that it contains a core of satellite DNA with proteins being organised in ordered concentric layers forming a sphere around it. We extend these results to normal PML-NBs and propose a model for the general organisation of these structures at the G2 phase. Moreover, based on the presence of satellite DNA and the proteins HP1, BRCA1, ATRX and DAXX within the PML-NBs, we propose that these structures have a specific function: the re-establishment of the condensed heterochromatic state on late-replicated satellite DNA. Our findings that chromatin-remodelling proteins fail to accumulate around satellite DNA in PML-deficient NB4 cells support a central role for PML protein in this cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith J Luciani
- Inserm, Université de la Méditerranée, UMR491, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
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32
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Clavel J, Bellec S, Rebouissou S, Ménégaux F, Feunteun J, Bonaïti-Pellié C, Baruchel A, Kebaili K, Lambilliotte A, Leverger G, Sommelet D, Lescoeur B, Beaune P, Hémon D, Loriot MA. Childhood leukaemia, polymorphisms of metabolism enzyme genes, and interactions with maternal tobacco, coffee and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Eur J Cancer Prev 2006; 14:531-40. [PMID: 16284498 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200512000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic polymorphisms may influence the risk of childhood leukaemia related to maternal tobacco, coffee or alcohol consumption. The data were extracted from a case-control study including 280 cases of acute leukaemia and 288 controls. Blood sampling was obtained for a representative subset of 219 cases and 105 controls. Gene-environment interactions were estimated using both case-control and case-only analyses. The polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1 and NQO1 were not associated with the risk of leukaemia. The slow EPHX1 allele was negatively associated with childhood leukaemia while an inverse non-significant association was observed with the fast EPHX1 allele. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not related to leukaemia, but an interaction was observed in the case-only analysis with CYP1A1*2A variant allele (odds ratio (OR) 2.2 [1.0-4.9]) and with GSTM1 deletion (OR 2.3 [1.2-4.4]). Conversely, coffee drinking interacted negatively with NQO1 polymorphism in the case-only analysis (OR 0.6 [0.3-1.2] and 0.4 [0.1-1.0] for light and heavy coffee consumptions, respectively). This study suggests that maternal smoking may be a risk factor for leukaemia in children who carry CYP1A1 or GSTM1 genotypes, which might increase reactive metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Clavel
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM, U170, IFR69, Université Paris-Sud, F-94807 Villejuif, France.
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33
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Feunteun J. [Hereditary predisposition to cancer]. Bull Acad Natl Med 2005; 189:797-800. [PMID: 16433452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease resulting from complex patterns of genetic alterations that lead to malignant transformation. As such, cancer is a genetically determined disease. The vast majority of cancers are sporadic and non-heritable: genetic alterations are acquired during life, notably by exposure to genotoxic agents. However, most cancer types also have hereditary forms, reflected in extreme situations by family clusters. These forms, which represent 2 to 5% of all cancers, result from transmission of germline mutations which considerably increase the risk of cancer. Over the past fifteen years, hereditary cancers have raised much interest in the scientific and medical communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Feunteun
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique UMR 8125, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif
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34
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Feunteun J, Chompret A, Helbling-Leclerc A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Belotti M, Noguès C, Bonaïti-Pellié C. Sex ratio among the offspring of BRCA mutation carriers. JAMA 2004; 292:687-8. [PMID: 15304464 DOI: 10.1001/jama.292.6.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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35
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Raslova H, Komura E, Le Couédic JP, Larbret F, Debili N, Feunteun J, Danos O, Albagli O, Vainchenker W, Favier R. FLI1 monoallelic expression combined with its hemizygous loss underlies Paris-Trousseau/Jacobsen thrombopenia. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:77-84. [PMID: 15232614 PMCID: PMC437972 DOI: 10.1172/jci21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paris-Trousseau syndrome (PTS; also known as Jacobsen syndrome) is characterized by several congenital anomalies including a dysmegakaryopoiesis with two morphologically distinct populations of megakaryocytes (MKs). PTS patients harbor deletions on the long arm of chromosome 11, including the FLI1 gene, which encodes a transcription factor essential for megakaryopoiesis. We show here that lentivirus-mediated overexpression of FLI1 in patient CD34(+) cells restores the megakaryopoiesis in vitro, indicating that FLI1 hemizygous deletion contributes to the PTS hematopoietic defects. FISH analysis on pre-mRNA and single-cell RT-PCR revealed that FLI1 expression is mainly monoallelic in CD41(+)CD42(-) progenitors, while it is predominantly biallelic in the other stages of megakaryopoiesis. In PTS cells, the hemizygous deletion of FLI1 generates a subpopulation of CD41(+)CD42(-) cells completely lacking FLI1 transcription. We propose that the absence of FLI1 expression in these CD41(+)CD42(-) cells might prevent their differentiation, which could explain the segregation of the PTS MKs into two subpopulations: one normal and one composed of small immature MKs undergoing a massive lysis, presumably originating from either FLI1(+) or FLI1(-) CD41(+)CD42(-) cells, respectively. Thus, we point to the role of transient monoallelic expression of a gene essential for differentiation in the genesis of human haploinsufficiency-associated disease and suggest that such a mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of other congenital or acquired genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Raslova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 362, Villejuif, France
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Spatz
- Institut Gustave-Roussy and UMR 8125 CNRS, 94805 Villejuif, France
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chompret
- Consultation de Génétique Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - L Brugières
- Département de Pédiatrie Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Bonaïti-Pellié
- INSERM U535 ‘Génétique épidémiologique et structure des populations humaines’, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - J Feunteun
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique, UMR 8125, Institut Gustave-Roussy Villejuif, France
- Hematology/Oncology Division, General Hospital of Annemasse, BP 525, Annemasse Cedex 74107, France
- CNRS UMR 1599, Institut Gustave Roussy Laboratoire, de Ginitique Oncologique, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif Cedex, France. E-mail:
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Ganesan S, Silver DP, Drapkin R, Greenberg R, Feunteun J, Livingston DM. Association of BRCA1 with the inactive X chromosome and XIST RNA. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004; 359:123-8. [PMID: 15065664 PMCID: PMC1693294 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, early onset 1 (BRCA1) encodes a nuclear protein that participates in breast and ovarian cancer suppression. The molecular basis for the gender and tissue specificity of the BRCA1 cancer syndrome is unknown. Recently, we observed that a fraction of BRCA1 in female cells is localized on the inactive X chromosome (Xi). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments have demonstrated that BRCA1 physically associates with Xi-specific transcript (XIST) RNA, a non-coding RNA known to coat Xi and to participate in the initiation of its inactivation during early embryogenesis. Cells lacking wild-type BRCA1 show abnormalities in Xi, including lack of proper XIST RNA localization. Reintroduction of wild-type, but not mutant, BRCA1 can correct this defect in XIST localization in these cells. Depletion of BRCA1 in female diploid cells led to a defect in proper XIST localization on Xi and in the development of normal Xi heterchromatic superstructure. Moreover, depletion of BRCA1 led to an increased likelihood of re-expression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene embedded on Xi. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a model in which BRCA1 function contributes to the maintenance of proper Xi heterochromatin superstructure. Although the data imply a novel gender-specific consequence of BRCA1 loss, the relevance of the BRCA1/Xi function to the tumour suppressor activity of BRCA1 remains unclear and needs to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridar Ganesan
- The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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39
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Castedo M, Perfettini JL, Roumier T, Valent A, Raslova H, Yakushijin K, Horne D, Feunteun J, Lenoir G, Medema R, Vainchenker W, Kroemer G. Mitotic catastrophe constitutes a special case of apoptosis whose suppression entails aneuploidy. Oncogene 2004; 23:4362-70. [PMID: 15048075 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A conflict in cell cycle progression or DNA damage can lead to mitotic catastrophe when the DNA structure checkpoints are inactivated, for instance when the checkpoint kinase Chk2 is inhibited. Here we show that in such conditions, cells die during the metaphase of the cell cycle, as a result of caspase activation and subsequent mitochondrial damage. Molecular ordering of these phenomena reveals that mitotic catastrophe occurs in a p53-independent manner and involves a primary activation of caspase-2, upstream of cytochrome c release, followed by caspase-3 activation and chromatin condensation. Suppression of caspase-2 by RNA interference or pseudosubstrate inhibitors as well as blockade of the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization prevent the mitotic catastrophe and allow cells to further proceed the cell cycle beyond the metaphase, leading to asymmetric cell division. Heterokarya generated by the fusion of nonsynchronized cells can be driven to divide into three or more daughter cells when Chk2 and caspases are simultaneously inhibited. Such multipolar divisions, resulting from suppressed mitotic catastrophe, lead to the asymmetric distribution of cytoplasm (anisocytosis), DNA (anisokaryosis) and chromosomes (aneuploidy). Similarly, in a model of DNA damage-induced mitotic catastrophe, suppression of apoptosis leads to the generation of aneuploid cells. Our findings delineate a molecular pathway through which DNA damage, failure to arrest the cell cycle and inhibition of apoptosis can favor the occurrence of cytogenetic abnormalities that are likely to participate in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castedo
- CNRS-UMR 8125, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille-Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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40
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Dubourg B, Kamphausen T, Weiwad M, Jahreis G, Feunteun J, Fischer G, Modjtahedi N. The human nuclear SRcyp is a cell cycle-regulated cyclophilin. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:22322-30. [PMID: 15016823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400736200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins of the Moca family (Cavarec, L., Kamphausen, T., Dubourg, B., Callebaut, I., Lemeunier, F., Metivier, D., Feunteun, J., Fischer, G., and Modjtahedi, N. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 41171-41182) are found only in organisms of the animal kingdom and share several structural and enzymatic features. The presence of serine/arginine (S/R) dipeptide repeats in their C-terminal tail suggests that these enzymes belong to the SR protein family involved in the regulation of gene expression. The function of this group of cyclophilins is currently unknown. However, their C-terminal tails contain a highly conserved polypeptide signature segment (the moca domain), which may well be involved in the functional regulation of these proteins. We report here the identification of five Cdc2-type phosphorylation sites gathered in and around the moca domain of SRcyp, a human cyclophilin belonging to the Moca family. The segment of SRcyp containing the identified sites is specifically phosphorylated in mitotic cells. This mitosis-specific phosphorylation was inhibited by treatment of the cells with roscovitine, a specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, suggesting that the unknown activity of the moca domain of SRcyp requires mitotic regulation by the Cdc2-cyclin B kinase complex. The Cdc2-cyclin B complex was found to phosphorylate four of the five identified phosphorylation sites in vitro, providing further support for this possibility. Like many factors stored in nuclear speckles and involved in the regulation of gene expression, this nuclear cyclophilin displays a predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic distribution at the onset of mitosis. Only in late telophase is SRcyp recruited to the newly formed nuclei. The transit of SRcyp through mitotic interchromatin granule clusters, before re-entering the nucleus, suggests that the timing of the appearance of this cyclophilin in the telophasic nuclei is tightly coordinated with post-mitotic events. Human SRcyp is the first cell cycle-regulated cyclophilin to be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérangère Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique-UMR8125, Institut Gustave Roussy-PR1, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
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41
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Shojaei-Brosseau T, Chompret A, Abel A, de Vathaire F, Raquin MA, Brugières L, Feunteun J, Hartmann O, Bonaïti-Pellié C. Genetic epidemiology of neuroblastoma: a study of 426 cases at the Institut Gustave-Roussy in France. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004; 42:99-105. [PMID: 14752801 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic susceptibility to neuroblastoma (NB) is now highly probable and the likelihood that it may also confer a higher risk of other cancer types has been suggested. The aim of this study was to estimate the fraction of inherited cases and penetrance associated with a carrier status, and to investigate the hypothesis that susceptibility cancer genes might be non-specific. PROCEDURE The family history of 426 children treated for NB at the Institut Gustave Roussy was obtained. The excess of relatives affected by NB or early-onset cancer (EOC) was sought using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). The risk of NB among sibs was estimated taking into account the age of patients' sibs. Estimation of penetrance in hereditary cases and of the proportion of sporadic cases was obtained using segregation analysis of proband sibships. RESULTS There was a positive family history of NB or ganglioneuroma in 5 of the 426 cases (1.2%). A highly significant excess of NB was found among relatives (SIR=11.4, 95% CI: 3.7-26.5). The excess of EOC (SIR=1.22, 95% CI=0.92-1.58) was non-significant, but it was of borderline significance among first-degree relatives (SIR=1.70, 95% CI=0.99-2.72). The risk of NB among sibs was estimated at 0.2% (95% CI=0.004-1.0%). Penetrance in hereditary cases was estimated at 11.4% and the proportion of inherited cases, 3.5%. CONCLUSIONS The genetic factors heightening susceptibility to NB are most probably dominantly inherited with low penetrance and are involved in only a very small fraction of NB patients. The overall risk in sibs is very low and this should reassure parents with regard to their other children. We found some arguments for the existence of non-specific genetic susceptibility, which would slightly in crease the probability of developing any cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Shojaei-Brosseau
- Unité de Recherches en Epidémiologie des Cancers INSERM U521, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
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42
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Feunteun J. [A paradox and three egnimas about the role of BRCA1 in breast and ovarian cancers]. J Soc Biol 2004; 198:123-6. [PMID: 15368961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
More than 50% of the hereditary forms are associated with germ line mutation in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes (BReast CAncer 1/2). The BRCA1 protein is expressed ubiquitously and is likely to play a role in several fundamental processes, including the maintenance of genomic integrity. Paradoxically, BRCA1 appears as a gene essential for proliferation of embryonic cells that simultaneously carries tumor suppressor activity. The nature of the role of BRCA1 in DNA repair and maintenance of genome integrity remains enigmatic. BRCA1 may indeed be a sensor of "abnormal" DNA structures that undergo heterochromatinisation. This model finds some support in the recent report that BRCA1 participates in the maintenance of X-chromosome inactivation, a paradigm for facultative heterochromatinisation. Why are epithelial cells from mammary glands and ovaries the privileged targets for tumorigenesis in women carrying germline mutations in BRCA1? The inheritance of a single defective copy of BRCA1 by women confers a status of susceptibility for developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. The loss of the wild-type allele inherited from the unaffected parent (LOH), commonly observed in the primary breast and ovarian tumors in these susceptible women, represents the event that initiates the tumorigenesis process. This classical two hit model, which assumes that heterozygote cells are "normal" until the LOH occurs stochastically, remains enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Feunteun
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique UMR #8125, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif.
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Deutsch E, Jarrousse S, Buet D, Dugray A, Bonnet ML, Vozenin-Brotons MC, Guilhot F, Turhan AG, Feunteun J, Bourhis J. Down-regulation of BRCA1 in BCR-ABL-expressing hematopoietic cells. Blood 2003; 101:4583-8. [PMID: 12576338 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL fusion oncogene is the molecular hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a condition characterized by a progression from a chronic to acute phase leukemia because of secondary genetic events, the nature of which remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the expression of the p210 BCR-ABL fusion protein leads to a down-regulation of BRCA1 protein, a gene product involved in the maintenance of genome integrity. BRCA1 protein is nearly undetectable in leukemia cells from patients with CML, both during the chronic phase and in blast crisis. Similarly, stable transfection-enforced expression of p210 protein in established hematopoietic cell lines leads to severe BRCA1 depletion. The lack of significant change in BRCA1 mRNA level in cells expressing p210 supports the hypothesis that the regulation of BRCA1 protein level occurs after transcription. It is abolished on exposure of the cells to STI571 and by mutation in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pocket of p210 and thus seems to require the tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL. Cell lines expressing high levels of BCR-ABL display an increased rate of sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations after ionizing radiation. These findings reveal a novel link between the oncoprotein BCR-ABL and the tumor-suppressor protein BRCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Deutsch
- Department of Clinical Biology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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44
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Tourneur L, Mistou S, Michiels FM, Devauchelle V, Renia L, Feunteun J, Chiocchia G. Loss of FADD protein expression results in a biased Fas-signaling pathway and correlates with the development of tumoral status in thyroid follicular cells. Oncogene 2003; 22:2795-804. [PMID: 12743602 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of proapoptotic molecules like Fas or caspase 8, or upregulation of antiapoptotic molecules like FLICE inhibitory protein has been suggested to be a regulatory mechanism set up by tumor cells to block the death signal received via death receptors. In an in-depth study of the Fas/FasL-signaling pathway in thyroid tumor development, we have demonstrated that tumor cells specifically downregulate the multideath receptor adapter Fas-associated death domain (FADD). The regulation of FADD expression occurred only at the protein level. Furthermore, in the absence of FADD, Fas-signaling resulted in accelerated growth of thyrocytes. Since thyrocytes also acquired FasL expression during tumor development, the absence of FADD protein could lead to greater resistance to numerous death receptor-mediated apoptosis, stimulation of their own proliferation through Fas/FasL interaction, and the capacity to counter-attack the infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Tourneur
- Département d'Immunologie, Institut Cochin, INSERM U567, CNRS UMR 8104, IFR 116, Université René Descartes, 27 rue du fbg St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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45
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Bougeard G, Brugières L, Chompret A, Gesta P, Charbonnier F, Valent A, Martin C, Raux G, Feunteun J, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Frébourg T. Screening for TP53 rearrangements in families with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome reveals a complete deletion of the TP53 gene. Oncogene 2003; 22:840-6. [PMID: 12584563 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The absence of detectable germline TP53 mutations in a fraction of families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) has suggested the involvement of other genes, but this hypothesis remains controversial. The density of Alu repeats within the TP53 gene led us to search genomic rearrangements of TP53 in families without detectable TP53 mutation. To this aim, we adapted the quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF) method to the analysis of the 11 exons of TP53. We analysed 98 families, either fulfilling (six families) or partially meeting (92 families) the criteria for LFS, and in which classical methods had failed to reveal TP53 alterations. We identified, in a large family fulfilling the criteria for LFS, a complete heterozygous deletion of TP53. Additional QMPSF analyses indicated that this deletion, which partially removed the centromeric FLJ10385 locus, covered approximately 45 kb. This deletion was shown to result from a complex rearrangement involving two distinct Alu-mediated recombinations. We conclude that TP53 germline rearrangements occur as rare events, but must be considered in LFS families without detectable point TP53 mutation.
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46
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Raslova H, Roy L, Vourc'h C, Le Couedic JP, Brison O, Metivier D, Feunteun J, Kroemer G, Debili N, Vainchenker W. Megakaryocyte polyploidization is associated with a functional gene amplification. Blood 2003; 101:541-4. [PMID: 12393414 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is believed that polyploidy induces an orchestrated increase in gene expression. To know whether all alleles remain functional during megakaryocyte polyploidization, we used a well-established fluorescence in situ hybridization technique which allows one to simultaneously detect pre-mRNAs and assess ploidy level in a single cell. All alleles of GPIIb, GPIIIa, VWF, beta-actin, hsp70, c-mpl, Fli-1, and FOG-1 genes are transcriptionally active in megakaryocytes from 4N to 32N. All X chromosomes in male cells are transcriptionally active but only half of them are transcriptionally active in female megakaryocytes, as revealed by the transcriptional activity of the GATA-1 gene. Nuclear untranslated XIST RNA accumulates on the inactivated X chromosomes, indicating that they are subjected to a normal inactivation process. Altogether, our results demonstrate that megakaryocyte polyploidization results in a functional gene amplification whose likely function is an increase in protein synthesis parallel with cell enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Raslova
- INSERM U362, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 1599, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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47
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Ganesan S, Silver DP, Greenberg RA, Avni D, Drapkin R, Miron A, Mok SC, Randrianarison V, Brodie S, Salstrom J, Rasmussen TP, Klimke A, Marrese C, Marahrens Y, Deng CX, Feunteun J, Livingston DM. BRCA1 supports XIST RNA concentration on the inactive X chromosome. Cell 2002; 111:393-405. [PMID: 12419249 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1, a breast and ovarian tumor suppressor, colocalizes with markers of the inactive X chromosome (Xi) on Xi in female somatic cells and associates with XIST RNA, as detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Breast and ovarian carcinoma cells lacking BRCA1 show evidence of defects in Xi chromatin structure. Reconstitution of BRCA1-deficient cells with wt BRCA1 led to the appearance of focal XIST RNA staining without altering XIST abundance. Inhibiting BRCA1 synthesis in a suitable reporter line led to increased expression of an otherwise silenced Xi-located GFP transgene. These observations suggest that loss of BRCA1 in female cells may lead to Xi perturbation and destabilization of its silenced state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridar Ganesan
- The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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48
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Cavarec L, Kamphausen T, Dubourg B, Callebaut I, Lemeunier F, Métivier D, Feunteun J, Fischer G, Modjtahedi N. Identification and characterization of Moca-cyp. A Drosophila melanogaster nuclear cyclophilin. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:41171-82. [PMID: 12154086 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203757200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins are enzymes catalyzing the cis-trans isomerization of peptidyl-prolyl bonds and belong to the enzyme class of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), which includes two more families (FK506 binding proteins and parvulins). We report the characterization of a novel cyclophilin (Moca-cyp) isolated from Drosophila melanogaster. The single-copy Moca-cyp gene, which is localized on chromosome 3R, was cloned and sequenced. The sequence alignment of the gene against Moca-cyp cDNA allowed us to define its intron/exon structure and to identify a variant cDNA corresponding to an alternatively spliced mRNA. By embryo in situ RNA hybridization and immunostaining, we show that the expression of Moca-cyp is regulated during embryogenesis of Drosophila. The 120-kDa nuclear Moca-cyp protein belongs to a subfamily of large cyclophilins sharing structural and enzymatic features: their highly conserved N-terminal PPIase domain is extended by a positively charged and divergent C-terminal tail. Compared with cyclophilin 18, the enzymatic activity carried by the PPIase domain of Moca-cyp is low, exhibits characteristic substrate specificity, and shows a reduced sensitivity to the drug cyclosporin A (CsA). The reduced affinity for CsA is one of the typical features linking members of this subfamily and is probably the consequence of two amino acid substitutions within their active site. Another structural feature shared by members of this subfamily is a conserved polypeptidic segment ("moca" domain) that we report for the first time. The moca domain is located within the C-terminal tail and is the exclusive hallmark of a group of large cyclophilins found in multicellular organisms of the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Cavarec
- Laboratoire de Génétique Oncologique, UMR1599, Institut Gustave Roussy-PR1, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif 94805 cedex, France
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49
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Mihich E, Feunteun J, Friend S. Thirteenth annual pezcoller symposium: focusing analytical tools on complexity in cancer. Cancer Res 2002; 62:3883-7. [PMID: 12097304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The physiopathology of cancer cells is the result of very complex signaling networks that represent in many cases distortions of the orderly networks regulating the physiology of normal cells. These networks are the consequence of the expression of, or the lack of expression of, genes, mutated or not, which represent the genomic profile of different types of or of individual cancers. The complex signaling pathways, the cross-talks among them, and the redundancies existing for several of them mediate not only the transmission of signals from the cell environment to the nucleus but also that from the nucleus to the other cellular components whose function is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, or differentiation. Modern approaches to cancer therapy and also prevention are aimed at identifying new molecular targets, pivotal to the life of the cancer cell, which would provide for specific sites of intervention. In the face of the enormous complexity of the phenomena on which the life of cancer cells is based, it is both difficult to identify unique specific target for intervention and important to develop analytical tools and approaches capable to identify them for further exploitation. This was the main subject of the Symposium. Consideration was given to: (a) tumor genotypic analysis through expression array evaluation and definition of cancer transcriptomes in studies aimed at identifying determinants of specific characteristics of cancer cells; (b) approaches based on the knowledge gained in this analysis that would lead to the visualization of new targets exploitable for antitumor action; and (c) multifactorial analysis of the complex interactions regulating cancer cells and methods to comprehend the complexity of molecular models and validate their functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mihich
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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50
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Baldeyron C, Jacquemin E, Smith J, Jacquemont C, De Oliveira I, Gad S, Feunteun J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Papadopoulo D. A single mutated BRCA1 allele leads to impaired fidelity of double strand break end-joining. Oncogene 2002; 21:1401-10. [PMID: 11857083 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2001] [Revised: 11/21/2001] [Accepted: 11/27/2001] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygosity for mutations in the BRCA1 gene in humans confers high risk for developing breast cancer, but a biochemical basis for this phenotype has not yet been determined. Evidence has accumulated implicating BRCA1, in the maintenance of genomic integrity and the protection of cells against DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Here we present evidence that human cells heterozygous for BRCA1 mutations exhibit impaired DNA end-joining, which is the major DSB repair pathway in mammalian somatic cells. Using an in vivo host cell end-joining assay, we observed that the fidelity of DNA end-joining is strongly reduced in three BRCA1(+/-) cell lines in comparison to two control cell lines. Moreover, cell-free BRCA1(+/-) extracts are unable to promote accurate DNA end-joining in an in vitro reaction. The steady-state level of the wild type BRCA1 protein was significantly lower than the 50% expected in BRCA1(+/-) cells and thus may underlie the observed end-joining defect. Together, these data strongly suggest that BRCA1 is necessary for faithful rejoining of broken DNA ends and that a single mutated BRCA1 allele is sufficient to impair this process. This defect will compromise genomic stability in BRCA1 germ-line mutation carriers, triggering the genetic changes necessary for the initiation of neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Baldeyron
- UMR 218 du CNRS, Institut Curie, Section de Recherche, Paris 75248, cedex05, France
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