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Cha HJ, Han CH, Jeon JH, Jeong JK, Kim HK, Yang C, Kang BK, Kim MJ, Choi YE, Ha IH, Kim YI. Effectiveness and Safety of Adjunctive Pharmacopuncture to Acupuncture Treatment for Rotator Cuff Diseases: a Protocol for an Assessor-Blinded, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled, Pilot Trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2023; 16:79-87. [PMID: 37076183 DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2023.16.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Treatment can be surgical or non-surgical. Korean Medicine, including acupuncture and pharmacopuncture, is a part of conservative treatment. Pharmacopuncture, combining acupuncture with herbal medicine, has been used for musculoskeletal disorders since the 1960s, but clinical evidence on its effectiveness is lacking. Objectives This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture for rotator cuff disease. Methods A two-group, parallel, single-center, pragmatic, randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded trial will be conducted. A total of 40 patients will be recruited, starting in July 2022. All patients will be received acupuncture treatment, and pharmacopuncture will be applied to intervention group additionally. After eight treatments are delivered over four weeks, follow-up assessments will be performed. Results Assessments will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these treatments at baseline and at weeks 2 (2 W), 4 (4 W), and 8 (8 W). The primary outcome will be a visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation of shoulder pain levels. Assessments will include shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), shoulder range of motion (ROM), EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), patient global impression of change (PGIC), 'no worse than mild pain', and drug consumption rates. Conclusion This study may offer a rationale for a future full-scale trial on the effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture treatment for rotator cuff disease and provide data on non-surgical treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Cha
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Han
- Korean Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science & Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Jeon
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Jeong
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hong Kyoung Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- Korean Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kab Kang
- Korean Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Eun Choi
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Jeong JK, Kim E, Yoon KS, Jeon JH, Kim YI, Lee H, Kwon O, Jung SY, Lee JH, Yang C, Kang JH, Han CH. Acupotomy versus Manual Acupuncture for the Treatment of Back and/or Leg Pain in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Assessor-Blinded Clinical Trial. J Pain Res 2020; 13:677-687. [PMID: 32280270 PMCID: PMC7131997 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s234761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acupotomy, which involves the addition of a scalpel function to the conventional acupuncture treatment, has recently been applied as a conservative treatment method for lumbar disc herniation (LDH). This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of acupotomy, compared to manual acupuncture, for the treatment of patients with LDH. Methods A total of 146 patients diagnosed with LDH were randomly assigned to either the acupotomy group or the manual acupuncture group at a 1:1 ratio. Participants in both groups received four sessions of each intervention over 2 weeks. Outcome assessments based on the visual analog scale (VAS), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST), EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ-5D), clinically important difference (CID), and patient global impression of change (PGIC) were conducted at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-randomization. Results The acupotomy group showed significant improvement in VAS and MMST at 2, 4, and 6 weeks than did the manual acupuncture group. RMDQ was significantly different between the two groups at 2 and 6 weeks. In EQ-5D, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The proportion of patients with ≥15 mm decrease on the VAS (minimal CID) was significantly higher in the acupotomy group at weeks 2 and 4. Better improvement in the PGIC at week 4 was also observed in the acupotomy group. Post-intervention muscle pain was reported, but there was no serious adverse event related to interventions. Conclusion In this study, four sessions of acupotomy treatment were found to be effective in improving the pain intensity and range of motion of the lumbar region in patients with LDH. Despite post-treatment muscle pain, acupotomy treatment can be considered a preferred treatment method over manual acupuncture. Trial Registration This trial has been registered 24 April 2018 in Clinical Research Information Service of South Korea (CRIS-KCT0002824).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyo Jeong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseok Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Yoon
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Jeon
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hui Kang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Han
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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3
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Jeong JK, Kim YI, Kim E, Kong HJ, Yoon KS, Jeon JH, Kang JH, Lee H, Kwon O, Jung SY, Han CH. Effectiveness and safety of acupotomy for treating back and/or leg pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation: A study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11951. [PMID: 30142818 PMCID: PMC6112943 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the number of patients suffering from back and/or leg pain due to lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is increasing in Korea, conservative treatments for patients with LDH have been spotlighted. Although several studies have been published on the use of acupotomy for the treatment of such patients, most of them are only case studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of acupotomy to those for manual acupuncture for the treatment of patients with LDH. METHODS/DESIGN This study is planned as a multicenter, parallel design, randomized, controlled, clinical study. One hundred forty-six patients diagnosed with LDH will be randomly assigned to either the acupotomy group or the manual acupuncture group at a 1:1 ratio. Participants in both groups will receive a total of 4 interventions over 2 weeks. An effectiveness assessment based on the outcomes on the visual analog scale (VAS), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST), EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ-5D), and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) will be conducted at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postrandomization. The primary outcome will be the mean change in the VAS for back and/or leg pain 4 weeks postrandomization. Adverse events will be recorded at every visit. DISCUSSION The results of this study will provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupotomy treatment for patients with LDH. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service of South Korea (CRIS- KCT0002824), April 24, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyo Jeong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon
| | - Eunseok Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon
| | - Hae Jin Kong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Cheonan
| | - Kwang Sik Yoon
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Cheonan
| | - Ju Hyun Jeon
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon
| | - Jae Hui Kang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Cheonan
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Cheonan
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Han
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kim E, Kim SY, Kim HS, Jeong JK, Jung SY, Han CH, Kim YI. Effectiveness and safety of acupotomy for lumbar disc herniation: a study protocol for a randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled pilot trial. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:310-316. [PMID: 28951845 PMCID: PMC5605386 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupotomy aims to reduce pressure on the nerve, improve surrounding blood circulation, and recover the kinetic state of soft tissue in treating lumbar disc herniation. Although several previous studies have suggested the potential use and substantial benefits of acupotomy, there is still insufficient evidence regarding this technique. This trial is designed to determine if acupotomy is more effective than manual acupuncture in improving low back pain and/or leg pain, disability, lumbar mobility, and quality of life in patients with herniated lumbar disc. METHODS Fifty eligible patients will be randomly assigned to an acupotomy group or a manual acupuncture group in a 1:1 ratio. The experimental group will receive acupotomy at the affected side's inner core muscles and soft tissue at the level of the herniated disc where tenderness appears (twice per week for 2 weeks). The control group will receive manual acupuncture (thrice per week for 2 weeks) at GV3 (Yaoyangguan) and the bilateral BL23 (Shenshu), BL24 (Qihaishu), BL25 (Dachangshu), and BL26 (guanyuanshu) for local points and the bilateral GB30 (Huantio), BL40 (Weizhong), and BL60 (Kunlun) for distant points. The primary outcome will be the mean change in the visual analog scale from baseline to 4 weeks (2 weeks after final treatment). The Oswestry Disability Index, Modified-Modified Schober Test, and EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire will determine secondary outcomes. Adverse events will be evaluated at every visit. DISCUSSION This study will provide valuable data and insights for a confirmative, full-scale randomized controlled trial to determine the clinical effects of acupotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunseok Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yun Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Su Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Jeong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Han
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, Daejeon University Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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Seo JJ, Kim BY, Kim BS, Jeong JK, Ok JM, Kim JS, Denlinger JD, Mo SK, Kim C, Kim YK. Superconductivity below 20 K in heavily electron-doped surface layer of FeSe bulk crystal. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11116. [PMID: 27050161 PMCID: PMC4823826 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A superconducting transition temperature (Tc) as high as 100 K was recently discovered in one monolayer FeSe grown on SrTiO3. The discovery ignited efforts to identify the mechanism for the markedly enhanced Tc from its bulk value of 8 K. There are two main views about the origin of the Tc enhancement: interfacial effects and/or excess electrons with strong electron correlation. Here, we report the observation of superconductivity below 20 K in surface electron-doped bulk FeSe. The doped surface layer possesses all the key spectroscopic aspects of the monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3. Without interfacial effects, the surface layer state has a moderate Tc of 20 K with a smaller gap opening of 4.2 meV. Our results show that excess electrons with strong correlation cannot induce the maximum Tc, which in turn reveals the need for interfacial effects to achieve the highest Tc in one monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3. Thin FeSe film on SrTiO3 substrate becomes a superconductor with a transition temperature over 100 K, yet the origin remains controversial. Here, Seo et al. show superconductivity below 20 K on the electron-doped surface of an FeSe crystal, suggesting a decisive role of interfacial effects in the enhancement of superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Seo
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.,Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - B Y Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.,Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B S Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - J K Jeong
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - J M Ok
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - J D Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S-K Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.,Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Jeong JK, Kang HG, Hur TY, Kim IH. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration to dairy cows without a corpus luteum 4 weeks after calving increases reproductive performance. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:931-5. [PMID: 23758521 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This field study investigated whether the administration of a single dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to dairy cows without a corpus luteum (CL) 4 weeks after calving can improve reproductive performance. Holstein dairy cows underwent ultrasonography to assess the presence of ovarian structures at 29.2 ± 5.2 days post-partum, and cows were divided into two main groups based on the presence (CL group, n = 230) or absence (non-CL group, n = 460) of a CL. The non-CL group was further randomly divided into two subgroups based on the administration of GnRH (non-CL GnRH group, n = 230) or no GnRH (non-CL control group, n = 230). Subsets of cows from non-CL control (n = 166) and non-CL GnRH (n = 175) groups received a second ultrasonography at 44.5 ± 5.4 days post-partum to assess CL formation. The percentage of cows with CL at the second ultrasonography was greater in the non-CL GnRH group (70.9%) than in the non-CL control group (53.0%, p = 0.0006). The hazard of the first post-partum insemination by 150 days in milk (DIM) was higher in the CL group than in the non-CL control group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, p = 0.001). The probability of a pregnancy to the first insemination was higher in non-CL GnRH (odds ratio [OR]: 1.50, p = 0.04) and CL groups (OR: 1.55, p = 0.03) compared to the non-CL control group. Furthermore, the hazard of pregnancy by 210 DIM was higher in non-CL GnRH (HR: 1.30, p = 0.01) and CL (HR: 1.51, p = 0.0001) groups than in the non-CL control group. In conclusion, administration of GnRH to dairy cows without a CL 4 weeks after calving was associated with an increase in ovulation and improved reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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7
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Abstract
Maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been suggested to be a genetic factor for diabetes. Reports have shown a decrease of mtDNA content in tissues of diabetic patients. We investigated the effects of mtDNA depletion on glucose metabolism by use of rho(0) SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells, whose mtDNA was depleted by long-term exposure to ethidium bromide. The rho(0) cells failed to hyperpolarize mitochondrial membrane potential in response to glucose stimulation. Intracellular ATP content, glucose-stimulated ATP production, glucose uptake, steady-state mRNA and protein levels of glucose transporters, and cellular activities of glucose-metabolizing enzymes were decreased in rho(0) cells compared with parental rho(+) cells. Our results suggest that the quantitative reduction of mtDNA may suppress the expression of nuclear DNA-encoded glucose transporters and enzymes of glucose metabolism. Thus this may lead to diabetic status, such as decreased ATP production and glucose utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Park
- Division of Metabolic Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Seoul 122-701, Korea
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenomic RNA. The first step of HBV genome replication is the encapsidation of the pregenomic RNA encoding the encapsidation signal, termed epsilon, into the core particles, which is preceded by recognition and binding of HBV DNA polymerase to epsilon. The pregenomic RNA contains two identical epsilon elements due to its terminal redundancy: one near the 5' end and another near the 3' end. Despite the fact that both epsilon elements have an identical sequence, only the 5' epsilon, but not the 3' epsilon, is functional for encapsidation. To understand the molecular nature of this position effect, we made a series of lacZ RNA expression plasmids which contain the epsilon element at various positions from the 5' end of the transcripts. Following transfection, the lacZ RNAs in cytoplasmic core particles were measured by RNase protection assay for encapsidation. The results indicated that the lacZ RNAs with epsilon positioned up to 65 nucleotides from the 5' end were encapsidated, whereas the lacZ RNAs with epsilon positioned further downstream were not. Interestingly, the cap-free lacZ RNA transcribed by T7 RNA polymerase was not encapsidated, implying that the 5' cap structure is required for encapsidation of the pregenomic RNA. We hypothesized that HBV DNA polymerase must somehow recognize the cap structure and/or its associated factors, as well as the 5' epsilon, for encapsidation to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 120-749
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Towndrow KM, Mertens JJ, Jeong JK, Weber TJ, Monks TJ, Lau SS. Stress- and growth-related gene expression are independent of chemical-induced prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in renal epithelial cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2000; 13:111-7. [PMID: 10688535 DOI: 10.1021/tx990160s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress can initiate prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis which, through changes in gene expression, can modulate cellular functions, including cell growth. PGA(2), a metabolite of PGE(2), induces the expression of stress response genes, including gadd153 and hsp70, in HeLa cells and human diploid fibroblasts. PGs, gadd153, and hsp70 expression are also influenced by the cellular redox status. Polyphenolic glutathione conjugates retain the ability to redox cycle, with the concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species. One such conjugate, 2,3,5-tris(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone (TGHQ), is a potent nephrotoxic and nephrocarcinogenic metabolite of the nephrocarcinogen, hydroquinone. We therefore investigated the effects of TGHQ on PGE(2) synthesis and gene expression in a renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (LLC-PK(1)). TGHQ (200 microM, 2 h) increases PGE(2) synthesis (2-3-fold) in LLC-PK(1) cells with only minor (5%) reductions in cell viability. This response is toxicant-specific, since another proximal tubular toxicant, S-(1, 2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), stimulates PGE(2) synthesis only after massive (68%) reductions in cell viability. Consistent with the ability of TGHQ to generate an oxidative stress, both deferoxamine mesylate and catalase protect LLC-PK(1) cells from TGHQ-mediated cytotoxicity. Only catalase, however, completely blocks TGHQ-mediated PGE(2) synthesis, implying a major role for hydrogen peroxide in this response. TGHQ induces the early (60 min) expression of gadd153 and hsp70. However, while inhibition of cyclooxygenase with aspirin prevents TGHQ-induced PGE(2) synthesis, it does not affect TGHQ-mediated induction of gadd153 or hsp70 expression. In contrast, a stable PGE(2) analogue, 11-deoxy-16, 16-dimethyl-PGE(2) (DDM-PGE(2)), which protects LLC-PK(1) cells against TGHQ-mediated cytotoxicity, modestly elevates the levels of gadd153 and hsp70 expression. In addition, catalase and, to a lesser extent, deferoxamine mesylate block TGHQ-induced gene expression. Therefore, although TGHQ-induced generation of reactive oxygen species is required for PGE(2) synthesis and stress gene expression, acute TGHQ-mediated increases in gadd153 and hsp70 mRNA levels are independent of PGE(2) synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Towndrow
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Kim HP, Lee JY, Jeong JK, Bae SW, Lee HK, Jo I. Nongenomic stimulation of nitric oxide release by estrogen is mediated by estrogen receptor alpha localized in caveolae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 263:257-62. [PMID: 10486286 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute administration of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) exerts antiatherosclerotic effects in healthy postmenopausal women. The vasoprotective action of E(2) may be partly accounted for by a rapid increase in nitric oxide (NO) levels in endothelial cells (ECs). However, the signaling mechanisms producing this rise are unknown. In an attempt to address the short-term effect of E(2) on endothelial NO production, confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were incubated in the absence or presence of E(2), and NO production was measured. Significant increases in NO levels were detected after only 5 min of E(2) exposure without a change in the protein levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). This short-term effect of estrogen was significantly blunted by various ligands which decrease intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Furthermore, plasma membrane-impermeable BSA-conjugated E(2) (E(2)BSA) stimulated endothelial NO release, indicating that in the current system the site of action of E(2) is on the plasma membrane rather than the classical nuclear receptor. The partial antagonist tamoxifen did not block E(2)-induced NO production; however, a pure estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) antagonist ICI 182,780 completely inhibited E(2)-stimulated NO release. The binding of E(2) to the membrane was confirmed using FITC-labeled E(2)BSA (E(2)BSA-FITC). Western blot analysis showed that plasmalemmal caveolae possess ERalpha in addition to well-known caveolae-associated proteins eNOS and caveolin. This study demonstrates that the nongenomic and short-term effect of E(2) on endothelial NO release is Ca(2+)-dependent and occurs via ERalpha localized in plasmalemmal caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 5 Nokbun-dong, Seoul, Eunpyung-ku, [122-701], Korea
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Jeong JK, Wogan GN, Lau SS, Monks TJ. Quinol-glutathione conjugate-induced mutation spectra in the supF gene replicated in human AD293 cells and bacterial MBL50 cells. Cancer Res 1999; 59:3641-5. [PMID: 10446975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroquinone is a nephrocarcinogen in rats but generally tests negative in standard mutagenicity assays. However, 2,3,5-tris-(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone, a potent nephrotoxic metabolite of hydroquinone, and 2-bromo-bis-(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone, another cytotoxic quinol-glutathione (GSH) conjugate, cause extensive single strand breaks in DNA in a manner that is dependent on the formation of reactive oxygen species. We, therefore, investigated whether quinol-GSH conjugates have the potential to behave as genotoxicants. The shuttle vector pSP189, containing the supF gene, was treated with 2,3,5-tris-(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone and replicated in both human AD293 cells and Escherichia coli MBL50 cells. The mutation frequency increased 4.6- and 2.6-fold in human AD293 and bacterial MBL50 cells, respectively. Base substitutions were the major type of mutations, and they occurred predominantly at G:C sites in both cell types. A high frequency of deletions (30%), including < 10- and > 10-bp deletions, were observed in AD293-replicated plasmids. The most common types of mutations in AD293 cells were G:C to A:T transitions (33.8%) and G:C to T:A (29.4%) and G:C to C:G (19.1%) transversions. In MBL50 cells, the major mutations were G:C to T:A (33.8%) and G:C to C:G (31.3%) transversions and G:C to A:T transitions (27.5%). The mutation spectra were similar to those reported for *OH-induced mutations, suggesting that *OH generated from polyphenolic-GSH conjugates not only plays a role in cytotoxicity but also provides a basis for their mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jeong
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Toxicology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
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Jeong JK, Juedes MJ, Wogan GN. Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen: relevance to peroxynitrite mutagenesis. Chem Res Toxicol 1998; 11:550-6. [PMID: 9585487 DOI: 10.1021/tx980008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that the oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO-) was strongly mutagenic in the supF shuttle vector pSP189 replicated in bacteria or human cells. Qualitative characteristics of the mutational spectra induced by ONOO- differed significantly from those reportedly caused by hydroxyl radical (OH.) in other experimental systems but showed similarities to spectra reportedly produced by singlet oxygen (1O2). The molecular mechanisms of ONOO--mediated DNA damage are unknown. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize mutational effects induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by OH* and 1O2 to permit direct comparison with mutational spectra induced by ONOO- in this system. Base substitutions were the major form of mutation induced in plasmids replicated in human (AD293) cells by ONOO- (84%) and 1O2 (71%), whereas OH* induced fewer of them (49%). In plasmids replicated in bacteria (Escherichia coli MBL50), frequencies of base substitutions induced by the three treatments were similar. G:C-to-T:A transversions were the most common form of base substitution induced by ONOO- (75% and 67%, respectively, in AD293- and MBL50-replicated plasmids) and 1O2 (68% and 71%); they were induced at lower frequencies by OH. (51% and 47%). G:C-to-C:G transversions or G:C-to-A:T transitions were induced at almost equal frequencies by both ONOO- and 1O2, whereas OH* induced these mutations at different frequencies in the AD293 system. Collectively, our results confirm that in several important respects mutational spectra induced by ONOO- have greater similarity to spectra induced by 1O2 than to those induced by OH* and suggest that genotoxic derivatives of ONOO- are likely to include species that have DNA-damaging properties resembling those of 1O2 in selectivity for guanine but not identical in sequence specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jeong
- Division of Toxicology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Jeong JK, Dybing E, Søderlund E, Brunborg G, Holme JA, Lau SS, Monks TJ. DNA damage, gadd153 expression, and cytotoxicity in plateau-phase renal proximal tubular epithelial cells treated with a quinol thioether. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 341:300-8. [PMID: 9169019 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
2-Bromo-bis-(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone [2-Br-bis-(GSyl)HQ] causes DNA single-strand breaks (SSB), causes growth arrest, induces the expression of gadd153 (a gene inducible by growth arrest and DNA damage), and decreases histone H2B mRNA in log-phase renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). Renal epithelial cells in vivo normally exhibit a low mitotic index, therefore experiments in both plateau- and log-phase cells are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the stress response to 2-Br-bis-(GSyl)HQ. In the present article we demonstrate that not all features of the stress response in log-phase cells are reproduced in plateau-phase cells. Thus, although 2-Br-bis-(GSyl)HQ causes concentration and time-dependent increases in DNA SSB, and increases the expression of gadd153, histone H2B mRNA levels are unaltered in plateau-phase cells. The relationship between reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, gene expression, and cytotoxicity was also investigated. Our findings suggest that (i) 2-Br-bis-(GSyl)HQ-mediated DNA damage in LLC-PK1 cells is mediated by the generation of H2O2; (ii) DNA damage, either directly or indirectly, contributes to cell death; and (iii) DNA damage, either directly or indirectly, provides the initial signal for gadd153 expression. In addition, DNA repair is rapid in LLC-PK1 cells, and the DNA-repair inhibitors 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and hydroxyurea have no effect on the amount of DNA SSB. Although the addition of 3-aminobenzamide following 2-Br-bis-(GSyl)HQ exposure has no effect on the removal of DNA SSB, it causes a slight but significant increase in gadd153 expression and cell viability, indicating that activation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase may exacerbate toxicity. Finally, aurintricarboxylic acid did not prevent DNA SSB or cytotoxicity in 2-Br-bis-(GSyl) HQ-treated LLC-PK1 cells, implying that activation of endonucleases does not play a role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jeong
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin 78712, USA
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Abstract
Cells respond to a variety of stresses by activating the transcription of a battery of "acute phase" or "stress response" genes. The nature of this response is tailored to the nature of the stress. The extent to which physiologically and pathophysiologically induced growth arrest share common genomic responses is unclear. We therefore compared the effects of a physiologically induced (serum and nutrient depletion) and a chemically induced (2-Br-bis-(GSyl)HQ and 2-Br-6-(GSyl)HQ) stress in renal tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). The response to physiological stress, induced by serum depletion, involves growth arrest characterized by an inhibition of DNA synthesis that occurs in the absence of a decrease in histone mRNA or an increase in gadd153 mRNA, one of the growth arrest and DNA damage inducible genes. In contrast, the chemical-induced stress involves growth arrest accompanied by a decrease in histone mRNA, particularly core histone H2B and H2A mRNA, and the induction of gadd153. Chemical-induced changes in histone mRNA inversely correlate to changes in the expression of a stress gene, hsp70, whose expression is dependent upon the maintenance of appropriate nucleosomal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jeong
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Jeong JK, Stevens JL, Lau SS, Monks TJ. Quinone thioether-mediated DNA damage, growth arrest, and gadd153 expression in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Mol Pharmacol 1996; 50:592-8. [PMID: 8794898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the conjugation of quinones with glutathione is associated with the process of detoxication, the reaction frequently facilitates quinone-induced toxicity. Thiol conjugates of quinones retain the ability to redox cycle and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to the biological (re)activity of a variety of polyphenolic compounds. 2-Bromo-bis(glutathion-S-yl) hydroquinone (2-Br-bis(GSyl)HQ) and 2-bromo-6-(glutathion-S-yl) hydroquinone [2-Br-6-(GSyl)HQ] are potent nephrotoxicants in rats, inducing rapid karyolysis in vivo and DNA single-strand breaks in cultured renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). We investigated the cellular and molecular responses initiated after exposure of LLC-PK1 cells to 2-Br-bis(GSyl)HQ and 2-Br-6-(GSyl)HQ. Both quinone thioethers cause the concentration-dependent formation of DNA single-strand breaks, rapidly (2-10 min) inhibit DNA synthesis, and increase the expression of gadd153, a gene responsive to growth arrest and DNA damage. The addition of catalase to LLC-PK1 cells exposed to 2-Br-6-(GSyl)HQ or 2-Br-bis(GSyl)HQ effectively prevents gadd153 induction, which is consistent with findings that the gadd153 gene is subject to redox modulation and that ROS play an important role in quinone thioether-mediated cytotoxicity. Deferoxamine pretreatment also diminishes gadd153 induction, suggesting that in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, decreased expression of gadd153 is not dependent on the removal of hydrogen peroxide per se but rather on preventing the generation of hydroxyl radical. Chelation of intracellular calcium with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxy-methyl ester also reduces gadd153 induction by 2-Br-6-(GSyl)HQ and 2-Br-bis(GSyl)HQ, suggesting a role for calcium in the signaling process. Thus, 2-Br-6-(GSyl)HQ and 2-Br-bis(GSyl)HQ activate a genomic stress response via a signaling pathway that may include ROS, Ca2+, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jeong
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin 78712, USA
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Abstract
A pituitary-specific trans-acting factor, Pit-1 regulates transcriptional activity of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) genes. Pit-1 can bind and activate the promoters of human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS-A) and placental GH variants (hGH-V) as well. However, expression of Pit-1 in the rat placenta has not yet been elucidated. The present study aims to determine whether the Pit-1 gene is locally expressed in the rat placenta using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Northern blot and Western blot hybridization, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. PCR products were further analyzed by Southern hybridization and DNA sequencing. The estimated size of Pit-1 mRNA in placenta was very similar to that in anterior pituitary (AP). PCR products from placenta were exactly the same size with that from AP and confirmed as Pit-1-specific by Southern hybridization. The Pit-1 specific sequence was also confirmed by sequencing of partial amplification fragments. Immunoreactive 33 kDa Pit-1 was present in the placenta as well as in AP. Pit-1 specific mRNA and protein were localized in the trophoblast cells of placenta. These data suggest that Pit-1 is locally synthesized in the rat placenta and may be involved in the regulation of GH- and/or PRL-like gene expression in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, South Korea
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