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Ringh MV, Hagemann-Jensen M, Needhamsen M, Kullberg S, Wahlström J, Grunewald J, Brynedal B, Jagodic M, Ekström TJ, Öckinger J, Kular L. Methylome and transcriptome signature of bronchoalveolar cells from multiple sclerosis patients in relation to smoking. Mult Scler 2020; 27:1014-1026. [PMID: 32729352 PMCID: PMC8145441 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520943768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite compelling evidence that cigarette smoking impacts the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about smoking-associated changes in the primary exposed lung cells of patients. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine molecular changes occurring in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from MS patients in relation to smoking and in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We profiled DNA methylation in BAL cells from female MS (n = 17) and HC (n = 22) individuals, using Illumina Infinium EPIC and performed RNA-sequencing in non-smokers. RESULTS The most prominent changes were found in relation to smoking, with 1376 CpG sites (adjusted P < 0.05) differing between MS smokers and non-smokers. Approximately 30% of the affected genes overlapped with smoking-associated changes in HC, leading to a strong common smoking signature in both MS and HC after gene ontology analysis. Smoking in MS patients resulted in additional discrete changes related to neuronal processes. Methylome and transcriptome analyses in non-smokers suggest that BAL cells from MS patients display very subtle (not reaching adjusted P < 0.05) but concordant changes in genes connected to reduced transcriptional/translational processes and enhanced cellular motility. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into the impact of smoking on lung inflammation and immunopathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael V Ringh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden/Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine and Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boel Brynedal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Smith KA, Hiyoshi A, Burkill S, Bahmanyar S, Öckinger J, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Montgomery S. Hospital diagnosed pneumonia before age 20 years and multiple sclerosis risk. BMJ Neurol Open 2020; 2:e000044. [PMID: 33681783 PMCID: PMC7903180 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2020-000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory inflammation has been proposed as a risk factor for MS. This study aims to determine if hospital-diagnosed pneumonia in adolescence (before age 20 years) is associated with subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This case-control study included incident MS cases after age 20 years identified using the Swedish national registers. Cases were matched with 10 general population controls by age, sex and region. Pneumonia diagnoses were identified between 0–5, 6–10, 11–15 and 16–20 years of age. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for infectious mononucleosis (IM) and education calculated ORs with 95% CIs. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), a common complication of MS, before age 20 years were included as a control diagnosis for reverse causation. Results There were 6109 cases and 49 479 controls included. Pneumonia diagnosed between age 11–15 years was associated with subsequent MS (adj OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.27). Although not statistically significant, sensitivity analyses showed similar magnitude associations of pneumonia between age 11–15 years and MS. No statistically significant associations with MS for pneumonia at other age groups were observed. Adjustment for IM had no notable effect on associations, but was statistically significantly associated with MS. UTIs were not associated with MS. Conclusion Pneumonia at 11–15 years of age was associated with MS, suggesting a possible role for inflammation of the respiratory system in the aetiology of MS during a period of susceptibility in adolescence. Further research on respiratory infections prior to MS onset should be conducted to replicate this finding and determine explanatory causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi A Smith
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayako Hiyoshi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro Universitet-Campus USÖ, Orebro, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Burkill
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shahram Bahmanyar
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro Universitet-Campus USÖ, Orebro, Sweden
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3
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Ringh MV, Hagemann-Jensen M, Needhamsen M, Kular L, Breeze CE, Sjöholm LK, Slavec L, Kullberg S, Wahlström J, Grunewald J, Brynedal B, Liu Y, Almgren M, Jagodic M, Öckinger J, Ekström TJ. Tobacco smoking induces changes in true DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation and gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:290-304. [PMID: 31303497 PMCID: PMC6710853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While smoking is known to associate with development of multiple diseases, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Tobacco smoking can modify the chemical integrity of DNA leading to changes in transcriptional activity, partly through an altered epigenetic state. We aimed to investigate the impact of smoking on lung cells collected from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Methods We profiled changes in DNA methylation (5mC) and its oxidised form hydroxymethylation (5hmC) using conventional bisulphite (BS) treatment and oxidative bisulphite treatment with Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip, and examined gene expression by RNA-seq in healthy smokers. Findings We identified 1667 total 5mC + 5hmC, 1756 5mC and 67 5hmC differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between smokers and non-smokers (FDR-adjusted P <.05, absolute Δβ >0.15). Both 5mC DMPs and to a lesser extent 5mC + 5hmC were predominantly hypomethylated. In contrast, almost all 5hmC DMPs were hypermethylated, supporting the hypothesis that smoking-associated oxidative stress can lead to DNA demethylation, via the established sequential oxidation of which 5hmC is the first step. While we confirmed differential methylation of previously reported smoking-associated 5mC + 5hmC CpGs using former generations of BeadChips in alveolar macrophages, the large majority of identified DMPs, 5mC + 5hmC (1639/1667), 5mC (1738/1756), and 5hmC (67/67), have not been previously reported. Most of these novel smoking-associating sites are specific to the EPIC BeadChip and, interestingly, many of them are associated to FANTOM5 enhancers. Transcriptional changes affecting 633 transcripts were consistent with DNA methylation profiles and converged to alteration of genes involved in migration, signalling and inflammatory response of immune cells. Interpretation Collectively, these findings suggest that tobacco smoke exposure epigenetically modifies BAL cells, possibly involving a continuous active demethylation and subsequent increased activity of inflammatory processes in the lungs. Fund The study was supported by the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, the Stockholm County Council (ALF), the King Gustav's and Queen Victoria's Freemasons' Foundation, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Neuro Sweden, and the Swedish MS foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael V Ringh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Needhamsen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles E Breeze
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, USA; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise K Sjöholm
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Slavec
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boel Brynedal
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Malin Almgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Berg T, Hegelund-Myrbäck T, Öckinger J, Zhou XH, Brännström M, Hagemann-Jensen M, Werkström V, Seidegård J, Grunewald J, Nord M, Gustavsson L. Expression of MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2, in epithelial and immune cells in the lung of COPD and healthy individuals. Respir Res 2018; 19:68. [PMID: 29678179 PMCID: PMC5910606 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several inhaled drugs are dependent on organic cation transporters to cross cell membranes. To further evaluate their potential to impact on inhaled drug disposition, the localization of MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 were investigated in human lung. Methods Transporter proteins were analysed by immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from healthy subjects and COPD patients. Transporter mRNA was analysed by qPCR in lung tissue and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from smokers and non-smokers. Results We demonstrate for the first time MATE1 protein expression in the lung with localization to the apical side of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells. Interestingly, MATE1 was strongly expressed in alveolar macrophages as demonstrated both in lung tissue and in BAL cells, and in inflammatory cells including CD3 positive T cells. P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 were also expressed in the alveolar epithelial cells and in inflammatory cells including alveolar macrophages. In BAL cells from smokers, MATE1 and P-gp mRNA expression was significantly lower compared to cells from non-smokers whereas no difference was observed between COPD patients and healthy subjects. THP-1 cells were evaluated as a model for alveolar macrophages but did not reflect the transporter expression observed in BAL cells. Conclusions We conclude that MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 are expressed in pulmonary lung epithelium, in alveolar macrophages and in other inflammatory cells. This is important to consider in the development of drugs treating pulmonary disease as the transporters may impact drug disposition in the lung and consequently affect pharmacological efficacy and toxicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0760-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Berg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Hegelund-Myrbäck
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Brännström
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Werkström
- Respiratory GMed, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janeric Seidegård
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Patient Safety, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Drug Metabolism, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
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5
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Scher JU, Joshua V, Artacho A, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, Öckinger J, Kullberg S, Sköld M, Eklund A, Grunewald J, Clemente JC, Ubeda C, Segal LN, Catrina AI. The lung microbiota in early rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. Microbiome 2016; 4:60. [PMID: 27855721 PMCID: PMC5114783 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway abnormalities and lung tissue citrullination are found in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and individuals at-risk for disease development. This suggests the possibility that the lung could be a site of autoimmunity generation in RA, perhaps in response to microbiota changes. We therefore sought to test whether the RA lung microbiome contains distinct taxonomic features associated with local and/or systemic autoimmunity. METHODS 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was utilized to compare the bacterial community composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) in patients with early, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD)-naïve RA, patients with lung sarcoidosis, and healthy control subjects. Samples were further assessed for the presence and levels of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (including fine specificities) in both BAL and serum. RESULTS The BAL microbiota of RA patients was significantly less diverse and abundant when compared to healthy controls, but similar to sarcoidosis patients. This distal airway dysbiosis was attributed to the reduced presence of several genus (i.e., Actynomyces and Burkhordelia) as well as reported periodontopathic taxa, including Treponema, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas. While multiple clades correlated with local and systemic levels of autoantibodies, the genus Pseudonocardia and various related OTUs were the only taxa overrepresented in RA BAL and correlated with higher disease activity and erosions. CONCLUSIONS Distal airway dysbiosis is present in untreated early RA and similar to that detected in sarcoidosis lung inflammation. This community perturbation, which correlates with local and systemic autoimmune/inflammatory changes, may potentially drive initiation of RA in a proportion of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose U. Scher
- Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Vijay Joshua
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Johan Öckinger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Carles Ubeda
- Institute for Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo N. Segal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Anca I. Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Ostadkarampour M, Müller M, Öckinger J, Kullberg S, Lindén A, Eklund A, Grunewald J, Wahlström J. Distinctive Regulatory T Cells and Altered Cytokine Profile Locally in the Airways of Young Smokers with Normal Lung Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164751. [PMID: 27798682 PMCID: PMC5087844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking influences the immune system in different ways and, hypothetically, effects on pulmonary effector and regulatory T cells emerge as potentially detrimental. Therefore, we characterized the frequencies and characteristics of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in the blood and lungs of young tobacco smokers. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood were obtained from healthy moderate smokers (n = 18; 2–24 pack-years) and never-smokers (n = 15), all with normal lung function. Cells were stimulated ex vivo and key intracellular cytokines (IFNγ, IL-17, IL-10 and TNFα) and transcription factors (Foxp3, T-bet and Helios) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Our results indicate that smoking is associated with a decline in lung IL-17+ CD4+ T cells, increased IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells and these alterations relate to the history of daily cigarette consumption. There is an increased fraction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells being Helios- in the lungs of smokers. Cytokine production is mainly confined to the Helios- T cells, both in regulatory and effector subsets. Moreover, we detected a decline of Helios+Foxp3- postulated regulatory CD8+ T cells in smokers. These alterations in the immune system are likely to increase risk for infection and may have implications for autoimmune processes initiated in the lungs among tobacco smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ostadkarampour
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Malin Müller
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Öckinger J, Hagemann-Jensen M, Kullberg S, Engvall B, Eklund A, Grunewald J, Piehl F, Olsson T, Wahlström J. T-cell activation and HLA-regulated response to smoking in the deep airways of patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:114-120. [PMID: 27339331 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), and the risk is further multiplied for HLA-DRB1*15(+) smokers. To define the smoke-induced immune responses in the lung we performed bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on smokers and non-smokers, both MS-patients and healthy volunteers. In the BAL, non-smokers with MS showed an increased preformed CD40L expression in CD4(+) T-cells while smokers displayed an increase in proliferating (Ki-67(+)) T-cells. In addition, our results confirm that smoking induces an increase of alveolar macrophages in BAL, and further defined a significant attenuation of this response in carriers of the HLA-DRB1*15 allele, in both MS patients and healthy controls. This first systematic investigation of the immune response in the lungs of smokers and non-smokers diagnosed with MS, thus suggests an MS-associated lung T-cell phenotype, involvement of a specific T-cell response to smoke, and a genetic regulation of the macrophage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Öckinger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benita Engvall
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Lung Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Wahlström
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Stridh P, Ruhrmann S, Bergman P, Thessén Hedreul M, Flytzani S, Beyeen AD, Gillett A, Krivosija N, Öckinger J, Ferguson-Smith AC, Jagodic M. Parent-of-origin effects implicate epigenetic regulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and identify imprinted Dlk1 as a novel risk gene. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004265. [PMID: 24676147 PMCID: PMC3967983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-of-origin effects comprise a range of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of inheritance. Recently, detection of such effects implicated epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. We here sought to dissect the magnitude and the type of parent-of-origin effects in the pathogenesis of experimental neuroinflammation under controlled environmental conditions. We investigated inheritance of an MS-like disease in rat, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), using a backcross strategy designed to identify the parental origin of disease-predisposing alleles. A striking 37–54% of all detected disease-predisposing loci depended on parental transmission. Additionally, the Y chromosome from the susceptible strain contributed to disease susceptibility. Accounting for parent-of-origin enabled more powerful and precise identification of novel risk factors and increased the disease variance explained by the identified factors by 2-4-fold. The majority of loci displayed an imprinting–like pattern whereby a gene expressed only from the maternal or paternal copy exerts an effect. In particular, a locus on chromosome 6 comprises a well-known cluster of imprinted genes including the paternally expressed Dlk1, an atypical Notch ligand. Disease-predisposing alleles at the locus conferred lower Dlk1 expression in rats and, together with data from transgenic overexpressing Dlk1 mice, demonstrate that reduced Dlk1 drives more severe disease and modulates adaptive immune reactions in EAE. Our findings suggest a significant epigenetic contribution to the etiology of EAE. Incorporating these effects enables more powerful and precise identification of novel risk factors with diagnostic and prognostic implications for complex disease. Even with recent progress in determining the genetic basis of complex diseases, the issue of ‘missing heritability’ remains and its potential sources are frequently speculated about but rarely explained. Parent-of-origin effects might contribute to the ‘missing heritability’ and involve genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of inheritance. Our study is the first that establishes (i) the magnitude and (ii) the type of parent-of-origin effects in the pathogenesis of a multiple sclerosis-like disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rat, using a strategy designed to identify genes that confer risk only when inherited from either mother or father. A striking 37-54% of all risk loci depended on parental origin. Accounting for parent-of-origin enabled more powerful and precise identification of novel risk factors for EAE, such as the imprinted Dlk1gene. Disease-predisposing alleles conferred lower Dlk1 expression in rats and transgenic Dlk1 mice demonstrated that lower Dlk1 drives more severe EAE and modulates adaptive immune responses. Because parental-origin effects are epigenetically regulated, our data implicate a contributory role for epigenetic mechanisms in complex diseases. Considering parent-of-origin effects in complex disease has enabled more powerful and precise identification of novel risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Bergman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Thessén Hedreul
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevasti Flytzani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amennai Daniel Beyeen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Gillett
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Krivosija
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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9
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Thessen Hedreul M, Möller S, Stridh P, Gupta Y, Gillett A, Daniel Beyeen A, Öckinger J, Flytzani S, Diez M, Olsson T, Jagodic M. Combining genetic mapping with genome-wide expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis highlights a gene network enriched for T cell functions and candidate genes regulating autoimmunity. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4952-66. [PMID: 23900079 PMCID: PMC3836475 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system commonly used to study multiple sclerosis (MS). We combined clinical EAE phenotypes with genome-wide expression profiling in spleens from 150 backcross rats between susceptible DA and resistant PVG rat strains during the chronic EAE phase. This enabled correlation of transcripts with genotypes, other transcripts and clinical EAE phenotypes and implicated potential genetic causes and pathways in EAE. We detected 2285 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Sixty out of 599 cis-eQTLs overlapped well-known EAE QTLs and constitute positional candidate genes, including Ifit1 (Eae7), Atg7 (Eae20-22), Klrc3 (eEae22) and Mfsd4 (Eae17). A trans-eQTL that overlaps Eae23a regulated a large number of small RNAs and implicates a master regulator of transcription. We defined several disease-correlated networks enriched for pathways involved in cell-mediated immunity. They include C-type lectins, G protein coupled receptors, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transmembrane proteins, suppressors of transcription (Jundp2 and Nr1d1) and STAT transcription factors (Stat4) involved in interferon signaling. The most significant network was enriched for T cell functions, similar to genetic findings in MS, and revealed both established and novel gene interactions. Transcripts in the network have been associated with T cell proliferation and differentiation, the TCR signaling and regulation of regulatory T cells. A number of network genes and their family members have been associated with MS and/or other autoimmune diseases. Combining disease and genome-wide expression phenotypes provides a link between disease risk genes and distinct molecular pathways that are dysregulated during chronic autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Thessen Hedreul
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Institutet, L8:04, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Adzemovic MZ, Öckinger J, Zeitelhofer M, Hochmeister S, Beyeen AD, Paulson A, Gillett A, Hedreul MT, Covacu R, Lassmann H, Olsson T, Jagodic M. Expression of Ccl11 associates with immune response modulation and protection against neuroinflammation in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39794. [PMID: 22815714 PMCID: PMC3397980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a polygenic disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS), which can be modeled in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The Eae18b locus on rat chromosome 10 has previously been linked to regulation of beta-chemokine expression and severity of EAE. Moreover, the homologous chemokine cluster in humans showed evidence of association with susceptibility to MS. We here established a congenic rat strain with Eae18b locus containing a chemokine cluster (Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl11, Ccl12 and Ccl1) from the EAE- resistant PVG rat strain on the susceptible DA background and utilized myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE to characterize the mechanisms underlying the genetic regulation. Congenic rats developed a milder disease compared to the susceptible DA strain, and this was reflected in decreased demyelination and in reduced recruitment of inflammatory cells to the brain. The congenic strain also showed significantly increased Ccl11 mRNA expression in draining lymph nodes and spinal cord after EAE induction. In the lymph nodes, macrophages were the main producers of CCL11, whereas macrophages and lymphocytes expressed the main CCL11 receptor, namely CCR3. Accordingly, the congenic strain also showed significantly increased Ccr3 mRNA expression in lymph nodes. In the CNS, the main producers of CCL11 were neurons, whereas CCR3 was detected on neurons and CSF producing ependymal cells. This corresponded to increased levels of CCL11 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of the congenic rats. Increased intrathecal production of CCL11 in congenic rats was accompanied by a tighter blood brain barrier, reflected by more occludin+ blood vessels. In addition, the congenic strain showed a reduced antigen specific response and a predominant anti-inflammatory Th2 phenotype. These results indicate novel mechanisms in the genetic regulation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Z. Adzemovic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (JO); (MZA)
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (JO); (MZA)
| | - Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hochmeister
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Amennai Daniel Beyeen
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atul Paulson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Gillett
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Thessen Hedreul
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruxandra Covacu
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Beyeen AD, Adzemovic MZ, Öckinger J, Stridh P, Becanovic K, Laaksonen H, Lassmann H, Harris RA, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Celius EG, Harbo HF, Kockum I, Jagodic M, Olsson T. IL-22RA2 Associates with Multiple Sclerosis and Macrophage Effector Mechanisms in Experimental Neuroinflammation. J I 2010; 185:6883-90. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Johannesson M, Lopez-Aumatell R, Stridh P, Diez M, Tuncel J, Blázquez G, Martinez-Membrives E, Cañete T, Vicens-Costa E, Graham D, Copley RR, Hernandez-Pliego P, Beyeen AD, Öckinger J, Fernández-Santamaría C, Gulko PS, Brenner M, Tobeña A, Guitart-Masip M, Giménez-Llort L, Dominiczak A, Holmdahl R, Gauguier D, Olsson T, Mott R, Valdar W, Redei EE, Fernández-Teruel A, Flint J. A resource for the simultaneous high-resolution mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci in rats: the NIH heterogeneous stock. Genes Dev 2009; 19:150-8. [PMID: 18971309 PMCID: PMC2612958 DOI: 10.1101/gr.081497.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is a key tool for the study of medicine and pharmacology for human health. A large database of phenotypes for integrated fields such as cardiovascular, neuroscience, and exercise physiology exists in the literature. However, the molecular characterization of the genetic loci that give rise to variation in these traits has proven to be difficult. Here we show how one obstacle to progress, the fine-mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL), can be overcome by using an outbred population of rats. By use of a genetically heterogeneous stock of rats, we map a locus contributing to variation in a fear-related measure (two-way active avoidance in the shuttle box) to a region on chromosome 5 containing nine genes. By establishing a protocol measuring multiple phenotypes including immunology, neuroinflammation, and hematology, as well as cardiovascular, metabolic, and behavioral traits, we establish the rat HS as a new resource for the fine-mapping of QTLs contributing to variation in complex traits of biomedical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Lopez-Aumatell
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet CMM, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarita Diez
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet CMM, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Tuncel
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gloria Blázquez
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Martinez-Membrives
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elia Vicens-Costa
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delyth Graham
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard R. Copley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amennai D. Beyeen
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet CMM, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet CMM, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Percio S. Gulko
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Guitart-Masip
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet CMM, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Mott
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - William Valdar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Eva E. Redei
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, The Asher Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
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