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Mu R, Yuan J, Huang Y, Meissen JK, Mou S, Liang M, Rosenbaum AI. Bioanalytical Methods and Strategic Perspectives Addressing the Rising Complexity of Novel Bioconjugates and Delivery Routes for Biotherapeutics. BioDrugs 2022; 36:181-196. [PMID: 35362869 PMCID: PMC8972746 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increase in the discovery and development of biotherapeutics employing new modalities, such as bioconjugates or novel routes of delivery, has created bioanalytical challenges. The inherent complexity of conjugated molecular structures means that quantification of the bioconjugate and its multiple components is critical for preclinical/clinical studies to inform drug discovery and development. Moreover, bioconjugates involve additional multifactorial complexity because of the potential for in vivo catabolism and biotransformation, which may require thorough investigations in multiple biological matrices. Furthermore, excipients that enhance absorption are frequently evaluated and employed for the development of oral and inhaled biotherapeutics. Risk-benefit assessments are required for novel or existing excipients that utilize dosages above previously approved levels. Bioanalytical methods that can measure both excipients and potential drug metabolites in biological matrices are highly relevant to these emerging bioanalysis challenges. We discuss the bioanalytical strategies for analyzing bioconjugates such as antibody-drug conjugates and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and review recent advances in bioanalytical methods for the quantification and characterization of novel bioconjugates. We also discuss bioanalytical considerations for both biotherapeutics and excipients through novel administration routes and review analyses in various biological matrices, from the extensively studied serum or plasma to tissue biopsy in the context of preclinical and clinical studies from both technical and regulatory perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Mu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Meissen
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Si Mou
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meina Liang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Koola MM, Sklar J, Davis W, Nikiforuk A, Meissen JK, Sawant-Basak A, Aaronson ST, Kozak R. Kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia: Galantamine-memantine combination for cognitive impairments. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:459-460. [PMID: 28705532 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maju Mathew Koola
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jennifer Sklar
- Clinical Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Whitney Davis
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Nikiforuk
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - John K Meissen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Aarti Sawant-Basak
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Aaronson
- Clinical Research Program, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rouba Kozak
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Kim MS, Krawczyk SA, Doridot L, Fowler AJ, Wang JX, Trauger SA, Noh HL, Kang HJ, Meissen JK, Blatnik M, Kim JK, Lai M, Herman MA. ChREBP regulates fructose-induced glucose production independently of insulin signaling. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4372-4386. [PMID: 27669460 DOI: 10.1172/jci81993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese, insulin-resistant states are characterized by a paradoxical pathogenic condition in which the liver appears to be selectively insulin resistant. Specifically, insulin fails to suppress glucose production, yet successfully stimulates de novo lipogenesis. The mechanisms underlying this dysregulation remain controversial. Here, we hypothesized that carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), a transcriptional activator of glycolytic and lipogenic genes, plays a central role in this paradox. Administration of fructose increased hepatic hexose-phosphate levels, activated ChREBP, and caused glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis in mice. Activation of ChREBP was required for the increased expression of glycolytic and lipogenic genes as well as glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) that was associated with the effects of fructose administration. We found that fructose-induced G6PC activity is a major determinant of hepatic glucose production and reduces hepatic glucose-6-phosphate levels to complete a homeostatic loop. Moreover, fructose activated ChREBP and induced G6pc in the absence of Foxo1a, indicating that carbohydrate-induced activation of ChREBP and G6PC dominates over the suppressive effects of insulin to enhance glucose production. This ChREBP/G6PC signaling axis is conserved in humans. Together, these findings support a carbohydrate-mediated, ChREBP-driven mechanism that contributes to hepatic insulin resistance.
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Meissen JK, Pirman DA, Wan M, Miller E, Jatkar A, Miller R, Steenwyk RC, Blatnik M. Phenotyping hepatocellular metabolism using uniformly labeled carbon-13 molecular probes and LC-HRMS stable isotope tracing. Anal Biochem 2016; 508:129-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
High fructose consumption has been implicated with deleterious effects on human health, including hyperlipidemia elicited through de novo lipogenesis. However, more global effects of fructose on cellular metabolism have not been elucidated. In order to explore the metabolic impact of fructose-containing nutrients, we applied both GC-TOF and HILIC-QTOF mass spectrometry metabolomic strategies using extracts from cultured HepG2 cells exposed to fructose, glucose, or fructose + glucose. Cellular responses were analyzed in a time-dependent manner, incubated in media containing 5.5 mM glucose + 5.0 mM fructose in comparison to controls incubated in media containing either 5.5 mM glucose or 10.5 mM glucose. Mass spectrometry identified 156 unique known metabolites and a large number of unknown compounds, which revealed metabolite changes due to both utilization of fructose and high-carbohydrate loads independent of hexose structure. Fructose was shown to be partially converted to sorbitol, and generated higher levels of fructose-1-phosphate as a precursor for glycolytic intermediates. Differentially regulated ratios of 3-phosphoglycerate to serine pathway intermediates in high fructose media indicated a diversion of carbon backbones away from energy metabolism. Additionally, high fructose conditions changed levels of complex lipids toward phosphatidylethanolamines. Patterns of acylcarnitines in response to high hexose exposure (10.5 mM glucose or glucose/fructose combination) suggested a reduction in mitochondrial beta-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Meissen
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristin M. Hirahatake
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Oliver Fiehn, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, Tel: +1-530-754-8258, Fax: +1-530-754-9658,
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Niehaus TD, Richardson LG, Gidda SK, ElBadawi-Sidhu M, Meissen JK, Mullen RT, Fiehn O, Hanson AD. Plants utilize a highly conserved system for repair of NADH and NADPH hydrates. Plant Physiol 2014; 165:52-61. [PMID: 24599492 PMCID: PMC4012604 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.236539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
NADH and NADPH undergo spontaneous and enzymatic reactions that produce R and S forms of NAD(P)H hydrates [NAD(P)HX], which are not electron donors and inhibit various dehydrogenases. In bacteria, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and mammals, these hydrates are repaired by the tandem action of an ADP- or ATP-dependent dehydratase that converts (S)-NAD(P)HX to NAD(P)H and an epimerase that facilitates interconversion of the R and S forms. Plants have homologs of both enzymes, the epimerase homolog being fused to the vitamin B6 salvage enzyme pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase. Recombinant maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) NAD(P)HX dehydratases (GRMZM5G840928, At5g19150) were able to reconvert (S)-NAD(P)HX to NAD(P)H in an ATP-dependent manner. Recombinant maize and Arabidopsis epimerases (GRMZM2G061988, At5g49970) rapidly interconverted (R)- and (S)-NAD(P)HX, as did a truncated form of the Arabidopsis epimerase lacking the pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase domain. All plant NAD(P)HX dehydratase and epimerase sequences examined had predicted organellar targeting peptides with a potential second start codon whose use would eliminate the targeting peptide. In vitro transcription/translation assays confirmed that both start sites were used. Dual import assays with purified pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts and mitochondria, and subcellular localization of GFP fusion constructs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells, indicated mitochondrial, plastidial, and cytosolic localization of the Arabidopsis epimerase and dehydratase. Ablation of the Arabidopsis dehydratase gene raised seedling levels of all NADHX forms by 20- to 40-fold, and levels of one NADPHX form by 10- to 30-fold. We conclude that plants have a canonical two-enzyme NAD(P)HX repair system that is directed to three subcellular compartments via the use of alternative translation start sites.
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Campbell C, Grapov D, Fiehn O, Chandler CJ, Burnett DJ, Souza EC, Casazza GA, Gustafson MB, Keim NL, Newman JW, Hunter GR, Fernandez JR, Garvey WT, Harper ME, Hoppel CL, Meissen JK, Take K, Adams SH. Improved metabolic health alters host metabolism in parallel with changes in systemic xeno-metabolites of gut origin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84260. [PMID: 24416208 PMCID: PMC3885560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel plasma metabolite patterns reflective of improved metabolic health (insulin sensitivity, fitness, reduced body weight) were identified before and after a 14–17 wk weight loss and exercise intervention in sedentary, obese insulin-resistant women. To control for potential confounding effects of diet- or microbiome-derived molecules on the systemic metabolome, sampling was during a tightly-controlled feeding test week paradigm. Pairwise and multivariate analysis revealed intervention- and insulin-sensitivity associated: (1) Changes in plasma xeno-metabolites (“non-self” metabolites of dietary or gut microbial origin) following an oral glucose tolerance test (e.g. higher post-OGTT propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate [tricarballylic acid]) or in the overnight-fasted state (e.g., lower γ-tocopherol); (2) Increased indices of saturated very long chain fatty acid elongation capacity; (3) Increased post-OGTT α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), fasting α-KG inversely correlated with Matsuda index, and altered patterns of malate, pyruvate and glutamine hypothesized to stem from improved mitochondrial efficiency and more robust oxidation of glucose. The results support a working model in which improved metabolic health modifies host metabolism in parallel with altering systemic exposure to xeno-metabolites. This highlights that interpretations regarding the origins of peripheral blood or urinary “signatures” of insulin resistance and metabolic health must consider the potentially important contribution of gut-derived metabolites toward the host's metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Campbell
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dmitry Grapov
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHA); (OF)
| | - Carol J. Chandler
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dustin J. Burnett
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elaine C. Souza
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gretchen A. Casazza
- Sports Medicine Program, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Mary B. Gustafson
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John W. Newman
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Human Studies Department, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles L. Hoppel
- Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John K. Meissen
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kohei Take
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sean H. Adams
- USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHA); (OF)
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Kind T, Liu KH, Lee DY, DeFelice B, Meissen JK, Fiehn O. LipidBlast in silico tandem mass spectrometry database for lipid identification. Nat Methods 2013; 10:755-8. [PMID: 23817071 PMCID: PMC3731409 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 646] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current tandem mass spectral libraries for lipid annotations in metabolomics are limited in size and diversity. We provide a freely available computer generated in-silico tandem mass spectral library of 212,516 MS/MS spectra covering 119,200 compounds from 26 lipid compound classes, including phospholipids, glycerolipids, bacterial lipoglycans and plant glycolipids. Platform independence is shown by using tandem mass spectra from 40 different mass spectrometer types including low-resolution and high-resolution instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kind
- Metabolics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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Aguer C, Fiehn O, Seifert EL, Bézaire V, Meissen JK, Daniels A, Scott K, Renaud JM, Padilla M, Bickel DR, Dysart M, Adams SH, Harper ME. Muscle uncoupling protein 3 overexpression mimics endurance training and reduces circulating biomarkers of incomplete β-oxidation. FASEB J 2013; 27:4213-25. [PMID: 23825224 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-234302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exercise substantially improves metabolic health, making the elicited mechanisms important targets for novel therapeutic strategies. Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein highly selectively expressed in skeletal muscle. Here we report that moderate UCP3 overexpression (roughly 3-fold) in muscles of UCP3 transgenic (UCP3 Tg) mice acts as an exercise mimetic in many ways. UCP3 overexpression increased spontaneous activity (∼40%) and energy expenditure (∼5-10%) and decreased oxidative stress (∼15-20%), similar to exercise training in wild-type (WT) mice. The increase in complete fatty acid oxidation (FAO; ∼30% for WT and ∼70% for UCP3 Tg) and energy expenditure (∼8% for WT and 15% for UCP3 Tg) in response to endurance training was higher in UCP3 Tg than in WT mice, showing an additive effect of UCP3 and endurance training on these two parameters. Moreover, increases in circulating short-chain acylcarnitines in response to acute exercise in untrained WT mice were absent with training or in UCP3 Tg mice. UCP3 overexpression had the same effect as training in decreasing long-chain acylcarnitines. Outcomes coincided with a reduction in muscle carnitine acetyltransferase activity that catalyzes the formation of acylcarnitines. Overall, results are consistent with the conclusions that circulating acylcarnitines could be used as a marker of incomplete muscle FAO and that UCP3 is a potential target for the treatment of prevalent metabolic diseases in which muscle FAO is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Aguer
- 2M.-E.H., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Meissen JK, Yuen BTK, Kind T, Riggs JW, Barupal DK, Knoepfler PS, Fiehn O. Induced pluripotent stem cells show metabolomic differences to embryonic stem cells in polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines and primary metabolism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46770. [PMID: 23077522 PMCID: PMC3471894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells are different from embryonic stem cells as shown by epigenetic and genomics analyses. Depending on cell types and culture conditions, such genetic alterations can lead to different metabolic phenotypes which may impact replication rates, membrane properties and cell differentiation. We here applied a comprehensive metabolomics strategy incorporating nanoelectrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography-time of flight MS, and hydrophilic interaction- and reversed phase-liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight MS to examine the metabolome of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) compared to parental fibroblasts as well as to reference embryonic stem cells (ESCs). With over 250 identified metabolites and a range of structurally unknown compounds, quantitative and statistical metabolome data were mapped onto a metabolite networks describing the metabolic state of iPSCs relative to other cell types. Overall iPSCs exhibited a striking shift metabolically away from parental fibroblasts and toward ESCs, suggestive of near complete metabolic reprogramming. Differences between pluripotent cell types were not observed in carbohydrate or hydroxyl acid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway metabolites, or free fatty acids. However, significant differences between iPSCs and ESCs were evident in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipid structures, essential and non-essential amino acids, and metabolites involved in polyamine biosynthesis. Together our findings demonstrate that during cellular reprogramming, the metabolome of fibroblasts is also reprogrammed to take on an ESC-like profile, but there are select unique differences apparent in iPSCs. The identified metabolomics signatures of iPSCs and ESCs may have important implications for functional regulation of maintenance and induction of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Meissen
- University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. K. Yuen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tobias Kind
- University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John W. Riggs
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dinesh K. Barupal
- University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Knoepfler
- University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PSK); (OF)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PSK); (OF)
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Kind T, Meissen JK, Yang D, Nocito F, Vaniya A, Cheng YS, Vandergheynst JS, Fiehn O. Qualitative analysis of algal secretions with multiple mass spectrometric platforms. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1244:139-47. [PMID: 22608776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid secretions from algae pose a great opportunity for engineering biofueler feedstocks. The lipid exudates could be interesting from a process engineering perspective because lipids could be collected directly from the medium without harvesting and disrupting cells. We here report on the extracellular secretions of algal metabolites from the strain UTEX 2341 (Chlorella minutissima) into the culture medium. No detailed analysis of these lipid secretions has been performed to date. Using multiple mass spectrometric platforms, we observed around 1000 compounds and were able to annotate 50 lipids by means of liquid chromatography coupled to accurate mass quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF), direct infusion with positive and negative electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These compounds were annotated by tandem mass spectral (MS/MS) database matching and retention time range filtering. We observed a series of triacylglycerols (TG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG), phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylglycerols, as well as betaine lipids diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserines (DGTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kind
- UC Davis Genome Center-Metabolomics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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12
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Schenauer MR, Meissen JK, Seo Y, Ames JB, Leary JA. Heparan sulfate separation, sequencing, and isomeric differentiation: ion mobility spectrometry reveals specific iduronic and glucuronic acid-containing hexasaccharides. Anal Chem 2009; 81:10179-85. [PMID: 19925012 PMCID: PMC2810830 DOI: 10.1021/ac902186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe the resolution of heparan sulfate (HS) isomers by chromatographic methods and their subsequent differentiation by mass spectrometry (MS), ion mobility, and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The two purified hexasaccharide isomers produced nearly identical MS spectra, quantitative disaccharide profiles, and partial enzymatic digestions. However, both tandem spectrometry (MS(2)) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) indicated structural differences existed. All data suggested the distinction between the two hexasaccharides resided in their uronic acid stereochemistries. Glucuronic (GlcA) and iduronic acids (IdoA) were subsequently defined by (1)H NMR analysis completing the structural analysis and verifying the unique structures initially indicated by MS(2) and IMS. Our results suggest that IMS may be a powerful tool in the rapid differentiation of GlcA and IdoA containing isomers in the absence of prior structural knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Schenauer
- The Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - John K. Meissen
- The Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Youjin Seo
- The Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - James B. Ames
- The Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Julie A. Leary
- The Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
- The Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
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Meissen JK, Sweeney MD, Girardi M, Lawrence R, Esko JD, Leary JA. Differentiation of 3-O-sulfated heparin disaccharide isomers: identification of structural aspects of the heparin CCL2 binding motif. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2009; 20:652-7. [PMID: 19185514 PMCID: PMC2758813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 3-O-sulfated glucosamine residues in heparin or heparan sulfate plays a role in binding to antithrombin III and HSV infection. In this study, tandem mass spectrometry was used to differentiate between two heparin disaccharide isomers containing variable sulfate at C6 in a common disaccharide and C3 in a more rare one. The dissociation patterns shown by MS(2) and MS(3) were clearly distinguishable between the isomers, allowing their differentiation and quantitation. Using this technique, we show that an octasaccharide with 11 sulfate groups with high affinity for inflammatory chemokine CCL2 does not contain 3-O-sulfated disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Meissen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Matthew Girardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roger Lawrence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julie A. Leary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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