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Meyer B, Stirzaker C, Ramkomuth S, Harvey K, Chan B, Lee CS, Karim R, Deng N, Avery-Kiejda KA, Scott RJ, Lakhani S, Fox S, Robbins E, Shin JS, Beith J, Gill A, Sioson L, Chan C, Krishnaswamy M, Cooper C, Warrier S, Mak C, Rasko JE, Bailey CG, Swarbrick A, Clark SJ, O'Toole S, Pidsley R. Detailed DNA methylation characterisation of phyllodes tumours identifies a signature of malignancy and distinguishes phyllodes from metaplastic breast carcinoma. J Pathol 2024; 262:480-494. [PMID: 38300122 DOI: 10.1002/path.6250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Phyllodes tumours (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial lesions of the breast that are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant. As little is known about the molecular underpinnings of PTs, current diagnosis relies on histological examination. However, accurate classification is often difficult, particularly for distinguishing borderline from malignant PTs. Furthermore, PTs can be misdiagnosed as other tumour types with shared histological features, such as fibroadenoma and metaplastic breast cancers. As DNA methylation is a recognised hallmark of many cancers, we hypothesised that DNA methylation could provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis and tumour stratification in PTs, whilst also allowing insight into the molecular aetiology of this otherwise understudied tumour. We generated whole-genome methylation data using the Illumina EPIC microarray in a novel PT cohort (n = 33) and curated methylation microarray data from published datasets including PTs and other potentially histopathologically similar tumours (total n = 817 samples). Analyses revealed that PTs have a unique methylome compared to normal breast tissue and to potentially histopathologically similar tumours (metaplastic breast cancer, fibroadenoma and sarcomas), with PT-specific methylation changes enriched in gene sets involved in KRAS signalling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Next, we identified 53 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (false discovery rate < 0.05) that specifically delineated malignant from non-malignant PTs. The top DMR in both discovery and validation cohorts was hypermethylation at the HSD17B8 CpG island promoter. Matched PT single-cell expression data showed that HSD17B8 had minimal expression in fibroblast (putative tumour) cells. Finally, we created a methylation classifier to distinguish PTs from metaplastic breast cancer samples, where we revealed a likely misdiagnosis for two TCGA metaplastic breast cancer samples. In conclusion, DNA methylation alterations are associated with PT histopathology and hold the potential to improve our understanding of PT molecular aetiology, diagnostics, and risk stratification. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braydon Meyer
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Stirzaker
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonny Ramkomuth
- Tumour Progression Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Harvey
- Tumour Progression Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda Chan
- Department of Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rooshdiya Karim
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Niantao Deng
- Tumour Progression Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sunil Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Robbins
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Beith
- Psycho-Oncology Co-Operative Group (PoCoG), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Loretta Sioson
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles Chan
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mrudula Krishnaswamy
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caroline Cooper
- Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sanjay Warrier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical Program, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy Mak
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Ej Rasko
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer and Gene Regulation Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Tumour Progression Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan J Clark
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- Tumour Progression Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth Pidsley
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Morton M, Vanguru V, Shin JS, Ronnachit A. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent patient. Med Mycol Case Rep 2024; 43:100635. [PMID: 38425787 PMCID: PMC10904178 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2024.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to Histoplasma infection is rare and almost always occurs in immunocompromised hosts. We report a 32-year-old immunocompetent man presenting with a nonspecific febrile illness found to have disseminated histoplasmosis and associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination and PCR of liver and bone marrow biopsies. He was successfully treated with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and itraconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Morton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Vinay Vanguru
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Amrita Ronnachit
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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Risbey C, Khoma O, Shin JS, Sandroussi C. Revision Surgery is Possible in Patients With Previous Bovine Pericardium Inferior Vena Cava Reconstruction: A Case Series and Review of Literature. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2024; 58:200-204. [PMID: 37427756 DOI: 10.1177/15385744231189021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of research investigating revision surgery for patients with previous inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstruction using bovine pericardium (BP). To the best of our knowledge, no reports of redo procedures have been published in the medical literature. We describe two cases of redo surgery in patients with previous IVC reconstructions using BP following disease recurrence. The first case underwent resection of the BP graft with a second IVC reconstruction using BP, the second case underwent resection of the BP graft without reconstruction due to extensive thromboses. Neither case experienced perioperative complication or morbidity following their redo procedure, and previous IVC reconstruction with BP did not present significant intraoperative technical challenges. One case showed evidence of endothelialisation of the excised BP graft, however, it was not possible to definitively conclude if endothelialisation was present in the second case. Overall, these cases demonstrate that previous IVC reconstruction using BP should not be considered an absolute contraindication for redo surgery in the context of disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Risbey
- Department of Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Oleksandr Khoma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Charbel Sandroussi
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Brown KGM, Solomon MJ, Sutton PA, Shin JS, Steffens D. The definition of clear resection margins in locally recurrent rectal cancer-time for consensus. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znad450. [PMID: 38198158 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian G M Brown
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery (IAS), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Solomon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery (IAS), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Sutton
- Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Steffens
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Fullard K, Steffens D, Solomon M, Shin JS, Koh C. Measuring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer presentation: a retrospective comparative study. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:2951-2957. [PMID: 37846781 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provided challenges to surgical care in Australia. This study aimed to measure the potential impact of COVID-19 on colorectal cancer presentation through surgical volume and cancer staging at a major tertiary referral hospital in the city of Sydney Australia. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed using routinely collected data from consecutive colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 period (1 March 2020 to 1 October 2021) and compared with the pre-COVID-19 period (1 March 2018 to 1 October 2019). The main outcomes included patient demographics, surgical volume (including overall, elective and emergency) and cancer staging. Differences in outcomes between the two studied periods were compared using Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher test or t-test. RESULTS A total of 381 patients composed the COVID-19 group (Mean age = 62.4 years) and 364 patients composed the pre-COVID-19 group (Mean age = 65.6 years; P<0.001). No significant differences were observed for overall, elective or emergency surgical volumes. Patients in the COVID-19 group had a reduction in Stage I and an increase in Stage II and III disease, with Stage IV and recurrent disease being similar with a variation of <1% when compared to the pre-COVID-19 group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Disruptions in patient screening, diagnosis and management from elective surgery restrictions and patient hesitancy may not have resulted in observed changes to surgical volume, however, it may have contributed to an increase in Stages II and III colorectal cancer during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Fullard
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Colorectal Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Steffens
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Solomon
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Colorectal Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Department of Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cherry Koh
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Colorectal Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Risbey C, Fielder T, Steffens D, Shin JS, Solomon M. Patterns of DNA mismatch repair protein expression for primary and recurrent colorectal cancer at an advanced surgical unit: A retrospective audit. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:369-374. [PMID: 36300681 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Lynch syndrome is an inherited cancer syndrome associated with an increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and characterized by germline mutations to one of four DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing is used to screen for Lynch syndrome; however, despite routine completion following resection of primary CRC, it is only variably completed following resection of recurrent disease. This may be significant, as MMR protein expression can change from primary to recurrent CRC. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how MMR profiles change from primary to recurrent CRC; the secondary aim is to assess rates of MMR testing of primary and recurrent disease. METHOD We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgery for recurrent CRC from 2018-19 at a high-volume institution. MMR profiles were obtained following both primary and recurrent resection of CRC, and MMR protein expression was evaluated from both time points. RESULTS A total of 107 patients met the inclusion criteria and IHC results were obtained for both primary and recurrent resections in 85 cases. MMR profiles changed in nine patients (10.6%), with a loss of staining from primary to recurrent disease in six (7.1%) and a gain of staining in three (3.5%). IHC testing was completed following 88.7% of primary and 39.3% of recurrent resections. CONCLUSION MMR profiles can change from primary to recurrent CRC and repeat MMR testing for recurrent CRC is completed in only a minority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Risbey
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Timothy Fielder
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Daniel Steffens
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Michael Solomon
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
- RPA Institute of Academic Surgery, New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
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Strach MC, Yeung N, Lin HM, Ansari N, Koh C, Shin JS, Kench J, Horvath L, Mahon KL. Characteristics of immune-infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment of appendiceal cancer with peritoneal disease. J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
217 Background: Appendiceal cancers (AC) are rare, associated with peritoneal metastases, and respond poorly to current systemic treatments. There are limited studies on the characteristics and prognostic impact of infiltrating immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) of AC with peritoneal metastases. Infiltrating immune cells are associated with survival outcomes and predict the effectiveness of immunotherapies in solid tumours. Different definitions have been developed to describe infiltrating immune cells and associated structures such as tertiary lymphoid aggregates (TLS). The aim of our study was to describe the immune TME in patients with AC peritoneal metastases to understand mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to chemoimmunotherapies. Methods: Fresh tissue was collected during cytoreductive surgery from consenting patients with AC with peritoneal disease (Jul 2020-Feb 2022). Uncultured Day 0 tissues were fixed in formalin prior to paraffin embedding (FFPE). Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed on sections of FFPE tissue. Sections were evaluated by light microscopy for the presence of immune cells based on morphological appearance. Patterns of infiltrating immune cells were classified based on location (peritumoural, intratumoural, perimucinous, stromal), and aggregation (none, immature, mature). Immune cells forming aggregates were counted and the diameter of aggregates measured using QuPath. Results: We evaluated 25 patients with AC peritoneal disease during the study period. Immune cells were detected in tissues from all except 3 patients; 16 cases (78 immune areas) were low grade (LG) disease of primary appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, and 6 cases (29 immune areas) were high grade (HG) from primary appendiceal adenocarcinomas (Table). Immune cell aggregates had a median diameter of 209 mm (75-491) and median cell count of 892 cells (46-6490). Conclusions: This study represents the first formal description and characterisation of infiltrating immune cells in appendiceal cancer peritoneal metastases. Perimucinous immune cells were not observed in HG disease despite presence of mucin. Intratumoural immune cells were not observed in LG disease, consistent with these tumours being more resistant to chemotherapy. We plan ongoing work correlating the immune features with clinical outcomes alongside immunohistochemical and transcriptomic characterisation of the aggregates. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Yeung
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui-Ming Lin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Cherry Koh
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - James Kench
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Strach MC, Yeung N, Lin HM, Ansari N, Koh C, Shin JS, Kench J, Centenera M, Butler L, Horvath L, Mahon K. Patient-derived explant model of appendiceal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4160 Background: Appendiceal cancers (AC) are rare with 5-year survival of 15% for high grade (HG) adenocarcinomas and 75% for low grade (LG) mucinous neoplasms. There is limited literature on the AC tumour microenvironment (TME) in disease progression and drug resistance. Ex vivo cultures, such as patient derived explants (PDEs), have been used for other solid tumours to test anticancer agents, explore the TME, and are being developed as personalised models. The aim of our study was to develop a PDE model of AC, preserve the TME, study the biological profile of AC and test novel therapies. Methods: Fresh tissue was collected during cytoreductive surgery (CRS) from consenting patients with AC with peritoneal disease, Jul 2020-Mar 2021. Tissues from 10 patients were dissected and cultured as PDEs under varying conditions of tissue size, media, matrix support and duration (Table). Uncultured Day 0 tissues and PDEs were fixed in formalin prior to paraffin embedding (FFPE). Immunohistochemical staining was performed on sections of FFPE tissue to assess viability with antibodies against the tumour marker, Cytokeratin-20 (CK20), and cell death marker, cleaved caspase 3 (CC3). Tissue architecture was rated on a 4-point scale (MS, J-SS). Cancer cells were counted in 6 Day 0 samples and PDEs from 3 patients using QuPath v0.3.2. Apoptotic index (AI) was calculated as the proportion of cells positive for CC3 divided by the number of total CK20 positive cells. Results: The mean proportion of tumour and mucin in the tissues was 3% (0-60%) and 39% (0-95%) respectively. Day 0 samples were viable with mean AI of cancer cells 7% (0-4%). Tissue architecture was maintained, as compared to Day 0 control, for varying sizes of PDE and culture durations up to 4d. More small or medium-sized PDEs had improved architecture compared to large sized PDEs (Table). PDEs at 4d had poorer architecture compared to at 1-3d. There was improved architecture in PDEs using enriched media with support factors compared to base media, and in specimens with matrix support compared to none. The mean AI of PDE cancer cells was 21% (0-92%) and 51% of PDEs had no cancer cell death. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating that AC tissue is amenable to ex vivo culture as PDEs. The optimal PDE model was <10mm tissue placed on a gelatine sponge in enriched media for 1-3d. PDEs had preserved tissue architecture and viability compared to uncultured tissue. Protein expression was in keeping with the original tumour. We plan to use this model to test anticancer agents and explore the TME of AC.[Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Yeung
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui-Ming Lin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Cherry Koh
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - James Kench
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Butler
- University of Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Kate Mahon
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia
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Shin JS, Jones J, Day E. Use of smartphones as a camera system for flexible cystoscopy during COVID-19 outbreak. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:72-75. [PMID: 34972498 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E Day
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
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Däster S, Shin JS, Loizides S, Steffens D, Koh CE, Solomon MJ. Pathology reporting of pelvic exenteration specimens for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2100-2107. [PMID: 33895021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.03.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reporting of pelvic exenteration specimens for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) can be challenging for structured pathological analysis and currently, there is a lack of specific guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of pathology reporting in a cohort of patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for LRRC in a high-volume tertiary unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective analysis of histopathology reports of consecutive patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for LRRC from 1996 to 2018, the quality of pathology reporting was assessed using the Structure Reporting Protocol for Colorectal Cancer. The primary endpoint was the completeness of pathology reporting, secondary endpoints were the association between the reporting style (narrative versus synoptic), reporting period (the first half versus the second half), as well as the activity of the pathologists with the completeness of pathology reporting. RESULTS 221 patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for LRRC were included into the study. There was a high variability in completeness of pathology reporting within the cohort, ranging from 9.5% to 100%. Notably, microscopic clearance was reported in only 92.4% of the reports. Overall, a significantly higher rate of completeness was observed in synoptic reports when compared to narrative reports and in more recent compared to earlier reports. There was no significant association between the activity of pathologists and the completeness of reporting. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a significant variability in the quality of reporting in pelvic exenteration for LRRC. The use of synoptic reporting clearly resulted in more complete reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Däster
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sofronis Loizides
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Steffens
- Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cherry E Koh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Solomon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Surgical Outcomes Research Centre (SOuRCe), Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Pham TT, Liney G, Wong K, Henderson C, Rai R, Graham PL, Borok N, Truong MX, Lee M, Shin JS, Hudson M, Barton MB. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging assessment of whole tumour heterogeneity for chemoradiotherapy response prediction in rectal cancer. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2021; 18:26-33. [PMID: 34258404 PMCID: PMC8254202 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Prediction of chemoradiotherapy response (CRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer would enable stratification of management. The purpose was to prospectively evaluate multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of tumour heterogeneity combining diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI for the prediction of CRT response in locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and methods Patients with Stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant CRT and surgery underwent MRI (DWI and DCE) before, during (week 3), and after CRT (1 week before surgery). Patients with histopathology tumour regression grade (TRG) 0-1 were classified as responders, and TRG 2-3 were classified as non-responders. A whole tumour voxel-wise technique was used to produce apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and Ktrans (Tofts model) histograms derived from DWI and DCE-MRI, respectively. Logistic regression was used to predict response status for ADC and Ktrans quantiles. Results Thirty-three patients were included in this analysis; 16 responders, and 17 non-responders. On heterogeneity analysis, odds of being a responder were significantly higher after CRT (before surgery) for higher ADC 75th (p = 0.049) and ADC 90th (p = 0.034) percentile values. The Ktrans quantiles were lower in non-responders than responders before and during CRT, and higher after CRT although no significant association with response status was observed (p ≥ 0.10). Conclusions DWI-MRI after CRT (before surgery) incorporating a histogram analysis of whole tumour heterogeneity was predictive of CRT response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. DCE-MRI did not add value in response prediction. Clinical trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) number ACTRN12616001690448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thanh Pham
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South West Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, PO Box 3151, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | - Gary Liney
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South West Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, PO Box 3151, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | - Christopher Henderson
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW, 1871, Australia
| | - Robba Rai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | - Petra L Graham
- Centre for Economic Impacts of Genomic Medicine, Macquarie Business School and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nira Borok
- Department of Radiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | - Minh Xuan Truong
- Department of Radiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | - Mark Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW, 1871, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Malcolm Hudson
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, Locked Bag 77, Camperdown, NSW 1450, Australia
| | - Michael B Barton
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South West Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, PO Box 3151, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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12
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Paver EC, Cooper WA, Colebatch AJ, Ferguson PM, Hill SK, Lum T, Shin JS, O'Toole S, Anderson L, Scolyer RA, Gupta R. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) as a predictive marker for immunotherapy in solid tumours: a guide to immunohistochemistry implementation and interpretation. Pathology 2020; 53:141-156. [PMID: 33388161 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is well established as an effective treatment for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. The list of approved indications for treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors is growing rapidly as clinical trials continue to show their efficacy in patients with a wide range of solid tumours. Clinical trials have used a variety of PD-L1 immunohistochemical assays to evaluate PD-L1 expression on tumour cells, immune cells or both as a potential biomarker to predict response to immunotherapy. Requests to pathologists for PD-L1 testing to guide choice of therapy are rapidly becoming commonplace. Thus, pathologists need to be aware of the different PD-L1 assays, methods of evaluation in different tumour types and the impact of the results on therapeutic decisions. This review discusses the key practical issues relating to the implementation of PD-L1 testing for solid tumours in a pathology laboratory, including evidence for PD-L1 testing, different assay types, the potential interchangeability of PD-L1 antibody clones and staining platforms, scoring criteria for PD-L1, validation, quality assurance, and pitfalls in PD-L1 assessment. This review also explores PD-L1 IHC in solid tumours including non-small cell lung carcinoma, head and neck carcinoma, triple negative breast carcinoma, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, gastric and gastroesophageal carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. The review aims to provide pathologists with a practical guide to the implementation and interpretation of PD-L1 testing by immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Paver
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Colebatch
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter M Ferguson
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean K Hill
- Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Qld, Australia
| | - Trina Lum
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndal Anderson
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Khandkar C, Vaidya K, Penglase R, Cai K, Shin JS, Hunyor I, Keech A, McGill N. Rare case of infiltrative cardiomyopathy secondary to scleromyxoedema. Intern Med J 2020; 50:127-128. [PMID: 31943623 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Khandkar
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaivan Vaidya
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross Penglase
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Imre Hunyor
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Keech
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil McGill
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Chetwood JD, Mudaliar S, Staudenmann D, Shin JS, Liu K, Majumdar A, Kaffes A, Strasser S, McCaughan GW, Saxena P. Emerging role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy. Gut 2020; 70:gutjnl-2020-322704. [PMID: 32948619 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John David Chetwood
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjivan Mudaliar
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic Staudenmann
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken Liu
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avik Majumdar
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arthur Kaffes
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simone Strasser
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Payal Saxena
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Abstract
Introduction: Despite advances in screening and treatment options, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent and lethal cancer subtypes. Resistance to cytotoxic or targeted therapy has remained a constant challenge to the treatment and long-term management of patients, attracting intense worldwide investigation since the 1950s. Through extensive investigations into the proteomic mechanisms and functions that convey resistance to therapy/s, researchers have become able to implicate alterations in several signaling pathways that provide and sustain resistance to treatment.Areas covered: In this review, we summarize how protein alterations are associated with resistance to therapy, with particular emphasis on CRC. An overview of the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance is described, highlighting recent studies which endeavor to elucidate the proteomic changes that are associated with the acquisition and promulgation of therapeutic resistance.Expert opinion: While cancers such as CRC have been intensively studied for decades, unresponsiveness and the resistance to therapy remain critical obstacles in the treatment of patients. Due to the inherent biological and clinical heterogeneity of individual CRCs, proteomic methods stand to become powerful tools to provide biological insights that may guide therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of refining emergent immunotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Cantor
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jack Westacott
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Seong Boem Ahn
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Morris PD, Lee D, Chung KKY, Shin JS, Byrne C. Fulminant amoebic colitis and septic shock in a returning traveller. ANZ J Surg 2019; 89:E50. [PMID: 30756503 DOI: 10.1111/ans.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Morris
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kimberley Kuen-Yee Chung
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Byrne
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Hamilton AE, Singh A, Austin KK, Shin J, Hong JS. A Rare Pathological Couplet of Colocolic Intussusception Plus Cecal Bascule in a Young Adult: A Case Report. Cureus 2018; 10:e3430. [PMID: 30546977 PMCID: PMC6289586 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This report is of a rare case involving a 27-year-old female who presented to the hospital with the pathological couplet of colocolic intussusception and cecal bascule causing bowel obstruction. Up to the time of presentation to the hospital, this patient had not undergone a full investigation for a known iron deficiency, anemia. Subsequently, during the emergency admission and after having an operative surgical procedure, the patient was found to have both a congenitally malpositioned cecum and a benign colonic polyp-forming condition. The pertinent issues about this unusual case to be highlighted are its ambiguous clinical presentation; uncommon gender and age group for either condition; the simultaneous occurrence of dual anatomical anomalies; and the uncommon benign etiology of causes of bowel obstruction in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angad Singh
- Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, AUS
| | - Kirk K Austin
- Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, AUS
| | - JooShik Shin
- Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, AUS
| | - Jonathan S Hong
- Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, AUS
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18
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Ho V, Chung L, Singh A, Lea V, Abubakar A, Lim SH, Ng W, Lee M, de Souza P, Shin JS, Lee CS. Overexpression of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex in rectal cancer correlates with poor response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy and prognosis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:869. [PMID: 30176843 PMCID: PMC6122630 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex plays an essential role in detecting and repairing double-stranded breaks, and thus the potential roles of MRE11, RAD50 and NBS1 proteins in the pathogenesis of various cancers is the subject of investigation. This study was aimed at assessing the three-protein panel of MRN complex subunits as a potential radiosensitivity marker and evaluating the prognostic and clinicopathological implications of MRN expression in rectal cancer. METHODS Samples from 265 rectal cancer patients treated with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, including samples from 55 patients who were treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011, were analyzed. Expression of MRN complex proteins in tissue samples was determined by immunohistochemistry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify clinicopathological characteristics that are associated with the MRN three-protein panel expression in rectal cancer samples. RESULTS In Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, we found that high level expression of MRN complex proteins in postoperative samples was associated with poor disease-free (p = 0.021) and overall (P = 0.002) survival. Interestingly, high MRN expression also correlated with poor disease-free (P = 0.047) and overall (P = 0.024) survival in the neoadjuvant radiotherapy subgroup. In multivariate analysis, combined MRN expression (hazard ratio = 2.114, 95% confidence interval 1.096-4.078, P = 0.026) and perineural invasion (hazard ratio = 2.160, 95% confidence interval 1.209-3.859, P = 0.009) were significantly associated with a worse disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Expression levels of MRN complex proteins significantly predict disease-free survival in rectal cancer patients, including those treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and may have value in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ho
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Liping Chung
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Vivienne Lea
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Askar Abubakar
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Stephanie H. Lim
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Weng Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Mark Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Discipline of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- MBBS FRACP, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia
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19
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Shin JS, Sun K, Son HS, Kim HM, Kim KT, Ahn SS, Park SY, Rho YR, Lee HS, Min BG. A Preclinical Cadaver Fitting Study of Implantable Biventricular Assist Device - AnyHeart™. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 27:495-500. [PMID: 15293355 DOI: 10.1177/039139880402700608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional, Korean-made artificial heart (AnyHeart™) was developed, and prior to its clinical application, a cadaver-fitting study was performed. The study proposed to determine the optimal cannulation approach, implantation technique and route of the cannula to minimize the organ compression of AnyHeart™. The anatomical feasibility and a variety of surgical techniques were evaluated using ten preserved, human cadavers. Implanting AnyHeart™ with ease is possible using various approaches, including a median sternotomy, and a right or left lateral thoracotomy. The lateral thoracotomy approach is shown to be safe and reproducible, especially in patients who have already undergone an operation that used a median sternotomy. The results of this study will guide improvements in the designs of cannulae and AnyHeart™ for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute of Medical Science Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Li XZ, Yan CG, Yu J, Gao QS, Choi SH, Shin JS, Smith SB. Dietary whole and cracked linseed increases the proportion of oleic and α-linolenic acids in adipose tissues and decreases stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase gene expression in the longissimus thoracis muscle of Yanbian Yellow cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:718-726. [PMID: 28380598 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that supplementation of linseed in a beef cattle fattening diet would increase PUFA concentrations in intramuscular adipose tissue and depress (), (), and () gene expression by decreasing () expression. Conversely, supplemental linseed would upregulate expression of () and () in muscle of Yanbian Yellow steers. Thirty steers were assigned at random to 3 groups of 10 steers fed either the basal diet (corn grain and corn silage-based commercial concentrate [CON]), the CON diet plus 8% whole linseed (WLS; DM basis), or the CON diet plus 8% cracked linseed (CLS; DM basis) for 6 mo. The WLS and CLS supplements did not affect carcass weight, backfat thickness, or marbling scores ( > 0.10) but increased rib eye area and fat color (more yellow; < 0.05). The WLS and CLS diets decreased the proportions of 16:0 and 18:0 and increased the proportions of 18:1-9, 18:3-3, -9, -11 conjugated linoleic acid, total MUFA, and total PUFA in intramuscular, intermuscular, and subcutaneous adipose tissues. The WLS and CLS diets increased and gene expression whereas the supplements depressed , , , and gene expression in longissimus thoracis muscle, relative to CON muscle, consistent with our hypothesis. Because the WLS and CLS treatments did not affect any measure of carcass adiposity, these results indicated that linseed supplements promoted uptake of dietary lipids while concurrently depressing de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in adipose tissue.
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21
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Pham TT, Liney G, Wong K, Rai R, Lee M, Moses D, Henderson C, Lin M, Shin JS, Barton MB. Study protocol: multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging for therapeutic response prediction in rectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:465. [PMID: 28676107 PMCID: PMC5496240 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) of rectal cancer is variable. Accurate imaging for prediction and early assessment of response would enable appropriate stratification of management to reduce treatment morbidity and improve therapeutic outcomes. Use of either diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) or dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging alone currently lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity for clinical use to guide individualized treatment in rectal cancer. Multi-parametric MRI and analysis combining DWI and DCE may have potential to improve the accuracy of therapeutic response prediction and assessment. METHODS This protocol describes a prospective non-interventional single-arm clinical study. Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing preoperative CRT will prospectively undergo multi-parametric MRI pre-CRT, week 3 CRT, and post-CRT. The protocol consists of DWI using a read-out segmented sequence (RESOLVE), and DCE with pre-contrast T1-weighted (VIBE) scans for T1 calculation, followed by 60 phases at high temporal resolution (TWIST) after gadoversetamide injection. A 3-dimensional voxel-by-voxel technique will be used to produce colour-coded ADC and Ktrans histograms, and data evaluated in combination using scatter plots. MRI parameters will be correlated with surgical histopathology. Histopathology analysis will be standardized, with chemoradiotherapy response defined according to AJCC 7th Edition Tumour Regression Grade (TRG) criteria. Good response will be defined as TRG 0-1, and poor response will be defined as TRG 2-3. DISCUSSION The combination of DWI and DCE can provide information on physiological tumour factors such as cellularity and perfusion that may affect radiotherapy response. If validated, multi-parametric MRI combining DWI and DCE can be used to stratify management in rectal cancer patients. Accurate imaging prediction of patients with a complete response to CRT would enable a 'watch and wait' approach, avoiding surgical morbidity in these patients. Consistent and reliable quantitation from standardised protocols is essential in order to establish optimal thresholds of ADC and Ktrans and permit the role of multi-parametric MRI for early treatment prediction to be properly evaluated. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) number ACTRN12616001690448 (retrospectively registered 8/12/2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thanh Pham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney West Radiation Oncology Network, Westmead, Blacktown and Nepean Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary Liney
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Radiation and Medical Physics, University of Wollongong, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robba Rai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Moses
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher Henderson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Bernard Barton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Matsumura S, Quispe-Salcedo A, Schiller CM, Shin JS, Locke BM, Yakar S, Shimizu E. IGF-1 Mediates EphrinB1 Activation in Regulating Tertiary Dentin Formation. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1153-1161. [PMID: 28489485 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517708572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors belong to a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated by membrane-spanning ligands called ephrins. Previously, we demonstrated that the ephrinB1-EphB2 interaction regulates odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation from dental pulp cells (DPCs) in vitro. The goal of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms regulated by the EphB2/ephrinB1 system that govern tertiary dentin formation in vitro and in vivo. During tooth development, ephrinB1, and EphB2 were expressed in preodontoblast and odontoblasts at postnatal day 4. EphrinB1 was continuously expressed in odontoblasts and odontoblastic processes until the completion of tooth eruption. In addition, ephrinB1 was expressed in odontoblastic processes 2 wk following tooth injury without pulp exposure, whereas EphB2 was expressed in the center of pulp niches but not odontoblasts. In a model of tooth injury with pulp exposure, ephrinB1 was strongly expressed in odontoblasts 4 wk postinjury. In vitro studies with human and mouse DPCs treated with calcium hydroxide (CH) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) showed an increased expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Experiments using several inhibitors of IGF-1 receptor signaling revealed that inhibiting the Ras/Raf-1/MAPK pathway inhibited EphB2 expression, and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway specifically inhibited ephrinB1 gene expression. Tooth injury in mice with odontoblast-specific IGF-1 receptor ablation exhibited a reduced tertiary dentin volume, mineral density, and ephrinB1 expression 4 wk following injury. We conclude that the IGF-1/ephrinB1 axis plays significant roles in the early stages of tooth injury. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of targeting ephrinB1 as a regenerative pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsumura
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - A Quispe-Salcedo
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - C M Schiller
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - J S Shin
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - B M Locke
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - S Yakar
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - E Shimizu
- 2 Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA.,3 Oral Biology Department, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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23
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Li XZ, Choi SH, Yan CG, Shin JS, Smith SB. Dietary linseed oil with or without malate increases conjugated linoleic acid and oleic acid in milk fat and and gene expression in mammary gland and milk somatic cells of lactating goats. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:3572-3583. [PMID: 27695785 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementary dietary plant oils have the potential to alter milk fatty acid composition in ruminants as a result of changes in the amount and kind of fatty acid precursors. We hypothesized that linseed oil in combination with malate (a key propionate precursor in the rumen) would increase ∆9 unsaturated fatty acids and specific gene expression in somatic cells and mammary glands of lactating goats. Twelve lactating goats were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments included the basal diet (CON), the CON plus 4% linseed oil (LO), and the CON plus 4% linseed oil and 2% -malate (LOM). Relative to CON, the LO and LOM supplements increased the daily intake of palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1-9), linoleic (18:2-6), α-linolenic (18:3-3), and γ-linolenic acids (18:2-6); α-linolenic acid intake was increased over 9-fold, from 6.77 to over 51 g/d ( < 0.02). The LO and LOM supplements increased daily milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk fat percentage ( < 0.05). The LOM supplement also increased milk lactose percentage and daily yield ( = 0.03). Both the LO and LOM supplements increased plasma glucose and total cholesterol and decreased plasma β-hydroxbutyrate concentrations ( = 0.03). The LO and LOM supplements increased concentrations of stearic acid; -vaccenic acid (TVA; 18:1-11); -9, -11 CLA; -10 -12 CLA; and α-linolenic acid in rumen fluid and increased the concentrations of oleic acid; TVA; -9, -11 CLA; -10, -12 CLA; and α-linolenic acid in plasma lipids and milk fat ( < 0.05). Conversely, the LO and LOM supplements decreased short- and medium-chain SFA, including lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0), and palmitic acids, in plasma and milk fat ( < 0.05). Relative mRNA levels for and () gene expression were increased in somatic cells and mammary gland tissue by LO and LOM ( < 0.05). We conclude that the higher intake and ruminal production of stearic acid promoted SCD gene expression in somatic cells and mammary tissue. Furthermore, milk somatic cells are a suitable substitute for documenting treatment effects of dietary oils on gene expression in goat mammary tissue.
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24
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Jung SA, Lee DH, Moon JH, Hong SW, Shin JS, Hwang IY, Shin YJ, Kim JH, Gong EY, Kim SM, Lee EY, Lee S, Kim JE, Kim KP, Hong YS, Lee JS, Jin DH, Kim T, Lee WJ. Corrigendum to 'L-Ascorbic acid can abrogate SVCT-2-dependent cetuximab resistance mediated by mutant KRAS in human colon cancer cells': [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 95 (2016) 200-208]. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:620. [PMID: 27476024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Jung
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Moon
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Hong
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Shin
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I Y Hwang
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Shin
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Y Gong
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Y Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K P Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Hong
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Jin
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - T Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - W J Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an essential protein in communicating cell-cycle progression and DNA damage. Overexpression of PLK1 has been validated as a marker for poor prognosis in many cancers. PLK1 knockdown decreases the survival of cancer cells. PLK1 is therefore an attractive target for anticancer treatments. Several inhibitors have been developed, and some have been clinically tested to show additive effects with conventional therapies. Upstream regulation of PLK1 involves multiple interactions of proteins such as FoxM1, E2F and p21. Other cancer-related proteins such as pRB and p53 also indirectly influence PLK1 expression. With the high mutation rates of these genes seen in cancers, they may be associated with PLK1 deregulation. This raises the question of whether PLK1 overexpression is a cause or a consequence of oncogenesis. In addition, hypomethylation of the CpG island of the PLK1 promoter region contributes to its upregulation. PLK1 expression can be affected by many factors; thus, it is possible that PLK1 deregulation in each individual patient tumours could be due to different underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Tiong Weng Ng
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tara Laurine Roberts
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Plasmacytomas are localized neoplastic proliferations of monoclonal plasma cells. When multifocal, the process is referred to as multiple myeloma. These lesions exhibit a pattern of antigen expression and cytomorphology that usually leads to a ready diagnosis. However, potentially troublesome variations in immunophenotype occur. We describe a case of a plasmacytoma from a patient who presented with sudden onset of pain and a lytic lesion of the left proximal humerus. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections showed a lymphoproliferative lesion composed of large lymphoid cells, some with plasmacytoid and immunoblastic features. The lesion also showed significant mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD45 (LCA), CD56 (N-CAM), CD43 (MT1), and cytokeratin CAM5.2. There was also clonal staining for λ light chains. In addition, flow cytometric analysis showed positivity for myeloid markers such as CD13, CD33, CD38, and CD138. Significant negative markers include CD20 (L26), CD45RO (UCHL-1), and CD79α. The unusual phenotypic features of this plasmacytoma illustrate potential diagnostic pitfalls. It is important to fully study such lesions to correctly classify them, because this has significant impact on prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pare R, Shin JS, Lee CS. Increased expression of senescence markers p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) in breast cancer is associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence and poor survival outcome. Histopathology 2016; 69:479-91. [PMID: 26843058 DOI: 10.1111/his.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Breast cancer is a hormonally driven disease. Cellular senescence is an age-related irreversible cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase upon induction. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression patterns of the senescence markers p14(ARF) , p16(INK4a) and p21(WAF1/Cip1) during breast cancer progression in a large patient cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a retrospective study of 1080 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, no special type, over an 11-year period. We performed immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarrays that included normal, benign hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma tissue from each patient. Invasive ductal carcinomas showed higher expression of p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) but lower expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) than non-malignant tissues. There were significant correlations of normal, benign, preinvasive and malignant tissues with p14(ARF) , p16(INK4a) and p21(WAF1/Cip1) expression (P < 0.05). Univariate comparison showed a correlation between high p16(INK4a) expression and poor survival (P = 0.000) and an increased risk of relapse (P = 0.000), whereas high p14(ARF) expression correlated only with an increased risk of relapse (P = 0.038). Multivariate analysis showed p16(INK4a) to be an important prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.011) and disease-free survival (P = 0.004), with p14(ARF) also being a significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.043). Moreover, patients showing both high p16(INK4a) expression and and high p14(ARF) expression had an adjusted three-fold increased risk of disease recurrence (P < 0.05) and a two-fold increased risk of all-cause-related death (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These finding suggest p16(INK4a) expression and p14(ARF) expression may play an important role in the progression of proliferative breast tissue to invasive cancer, and may be useful as prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmawati Pare
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ng W, Shin JS, Wang B, Lee CS. Intrinsic factors do not cause overexpression of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Pathology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ng W, Shin JS, Yang T, Roberts T, Wang B, Begg J, Lee CS. The interactions between polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), microsatellite instability (MSI) and radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC). Pathology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Revoltar M, Shin JS, Lim S, Tut TG, Dissanayake I, Descallar J, Ho V, Chua W, Ng W, Lee M, Henderson C, De Souza P, Morgan M, Lee C. Early marker of DNA damage response, atm, as a predictor of clinical outcome following radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Pathology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jo CH, Shin JS, Shin WH, Lee SY, Yoon KS, Shin S. Corrigendum. Platelet-rich plasma for arthroscopic repair of medium to large rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:NP3. [PMID: 26729728 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515621880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Jo CH, Shin JS, Shin WH, Lee SY, Yoon KS, Shin S. Platelet-rich plasma for arthroscopic repair of medium to large rotator cuff tears: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2015 43(9):2102-2110. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0363546515587081 )
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32
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Shin JS, Kim JM, Kim JS, Min BH, Kim YH, Kim HJ, Jang JY, Yoon IH, Kang HJ, Kim J, Hwang ES, Lim DG, Lee WW, Ha J, Jung KC, Park SH, Kim SJ, Park CG. Long-term control of diabetes in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates (NHP) by the transplantation of adult porcine islets. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2837-50. [PMID: 26096041 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pig islets are an alternative source for islet transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D), but reproducible curative potential in the pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) model has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that pig islet grafts survived and maintained normoglycemia for >6 months in four of five consecutive immunosuppressed NHPs. Pig islets were isolated from designated pathogen-free (DPF) miniature pigs and infused intraportally into streptozotocin-induced diabetic rhesus monkeys under pretreatment with cobra venom factor (CVF), anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and maintenance with anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody and low-dose sirolimus. Ex vivo expanded autologous regulatory T cells were adoptively transferred in three recipients. Blood glucose levels were promptly normalized in all five monkeys and normoglycemia (90-110 mg/dL) was maintained for >6 months in four cases, the longest currently up to 603 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests during the follow-up period showed excellent glucose disposal capacity and porcine C-peptide responses. Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells was likely to be associated with more stable and durable normoglycemia. Importantly, the recipients showed no serious adverse effects. Taken together, our results confirm the clinical feasibility of pig islet transplantation to treat T1D patients without the need for excessive immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B H Min
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Jang
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I H Yoon
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E S Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D G Lim
- National Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - W W Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Ha
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K C Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Myong-Ji Hospital, Koyang-si, Kyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - C G Park
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sim JA, Shin JS, Park SM, Chang YJ, Shin A, Noh DY, Han W, Yang HK, Lee HJ, Kim YW, Kim YT, Jeong SY, Yoon JH, Kim YJ, Heo DS, Kim TY, Oh DY, Wu HG, Kim HJ, Chie EK, Kang KW, Yun YH. Association between information provision and decisional conflict in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1974-1980. [PMID: 26116430 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to identify demographic and clinical variables that correlate with perceived information provision among cancer patients and determine the association of information provision with decisional conflict (DC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled a total of 625 patients with cancer from two Korean hospitals in 2012. We used the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality-of-life questionnaire (QLQ-INFO26) to assess patients' perception of the information received from their doctors and the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) to assess DC. To identify predictive sociodemographic and clinical variables for adequate information provision, backward selective logistic regression analyses were conducted. In addition, adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify clinically meaningful differences of perceived level of information subscales associated with high DC. RESULTS More than half of patients with cancer showed insufficient satisfaction with medical information about disease (56%), treatment (73%), other services (83%), and global score (80%). In multiple logistic regression analyses, lower income and education, female, unmarried status, type of cancer with good prognosis, and early stage of treatment process were associated with patients' perception of inadequate information provision. In addition, Information about the medical tests with high DCS values clarity [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.97] and support (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI 0.33-0.85) showed negative significance. For inadequate information perception about treatments and other services, all 5 DCS scales (uncertainty, informed, values clarity, support, and effective decision) were negatively related. Global score of inadequate information provision also showed negative association with high DCS effective decision (aOR, 0.43; 95% CI 0.26-0.71) and DCS uncertainty (aOR, 0.46; 95% CI 0.27-0.77). CONCLUSION This study found that inadequate levels of perceived information correlated with several demographic and clinical characteristics. In addition, sufficient perceived information levels may be related to low levels of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J S Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Education & Human Resources Development, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S M Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y J Chang
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si
| | - A Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine
| | - D Y Noh
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - W Han
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - H K Yang
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - Y W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Y T Kim
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul
| | - S Y Jeong
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Surgery
| | - J H Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul; Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul; Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - D S Heo
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - T Y Kim
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - D Y Oh
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H G Wu
- Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Departments of Radiation Oncology
| | - H J Kim
- Departments of Radiation Oncology
| | - E K Chie
- Departments of Radiation Oncology
| | - K W Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;; Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Y H Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul;.
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Lim SH, Chua W, Cheng C, Descallar J, Ng W, Solomon M, Bokey L, Wong K, Lee MT, de Souza P, Shin JS, Lee CS. Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on tumor-infiltrating/associated lymphocytes in locally advanced rectal cancers. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:6505-6513. [PMID: 25368252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocytes and natural killer cells (NK) appear to be important in colorectal cancer. Their role in chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancers is unclear. We evaluated T-lymphocytes (CD3), sub-groups CD4 and CD8, and NK cells (CD56+CD57) in normal and rectal tumor tissues pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy, and investigated their relationship to tumor regression grade, disease-free survival and pathological stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays from colonoscopic biopsies, resection specimens and normal tissues, from 52 patients, were immunostained. RESULTS NK cell counts were significantly lower in tumor samples compared to normal tissues (p=0.007). T-lymphocyte counts were higher in post-treatment compared to pre-treatment samples (p=0.025), specifically in the CD8 subgroup after long-course treatment. The results suggested an association between post-treatment CD8 and NK cell counts with higher tumor regression. No associations were found with regard to stage or disease-free survival. CONCLUSION NK cell counts were significantly reduced in rectal cancers compared to normal tissues, while total T-lymphocyte counts increased post-chemoradiotherapy. Both appeared important in tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Christina Cheng
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Joseph Descallar
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Weng Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Michael Solomon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Les Bokey
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Mark T Lee
- University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, Australia University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, Australia University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, Australia University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
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Shin JS, Lee JY, Cho KH, Park HL, Kukulka M, Wu JT, Kim DY, Park SH. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of oral doses of ilaprazole 10, 20 and 40 mg and esomeprazole 40 mg in healthy subjects: a randomised, open-label crossover study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:548-61. [PMID: 25041486 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ilaprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) currently in clinical use, may provide improved acid suppression vs. other PPIs. AIM To compare the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of ilaprazole and esomeprazole. METHODS A phase 1, randomised, open-label, single-centre, 4-period crossover study was conducted in 40 healthy volunteers. Ilaprazole 10, 20 or 40 mg or esomeprazole 40 mg was administered once daily for 5 days with ≥5-day washout intervals. Pharmacokinetic blood samples and intragastric pH measurements were collected at scheduled timepoints for 24 h after dosing on Days 1 and 5. RESULTS Esomeprazole 40 mg provided significantly better pH control during the initial hours (0-4 h) after a single dose, but ilaprazole (particularly 20 and 40 mg) provided significantly better pH control for the entire 24-h period and during evening and overnight hours after single and multiple doses. Increasing ilaprazole doses resulted in dose-proportional increases in peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve following single and multiple doses. Ilaprazole was safe and generally well tolerated; an unexpectedly high incidence of allergic eye and skin reactions were observed but were not specific to any dosing regimen. Plasma gastrin concentrations did not increase proportionately with increasing ilaprazole dose. CONCLUSIONS Ilaprazole provided significantly better pH control over 24 h and during evening and overnight hours compared with esomeprazole in healthy volunteers, which may translate to greater relief of night-time heartburn in the clinical setting for patients with gastric acid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Central Research Institute, IL-YANG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, South Korea
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Li XZ, Park BK, Yan CG, Choi JG, Ahn JS, Shin JS. Effect of alcohol fermented feed on lactating performance, blood metabolites, milk Fatty Acid profile and cholesterol content in holstein lactating cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:1546-52. [PMID: 25049515 PMCID: PMC4093031 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A feeding experiment with 40 lactating Holstein cows and 4 dietary treatments was conducted to investigate supplementation with different levels of alcohol fermented feed to the TMR on lactating performance, blood metabolites, milk fatty acid profile and cholesterol concentration of blood and milk. Forty Holstein lactating cows (106±24 d post-partum; mean±SD) were distributed into four groups and randomly assigned to one of four treatments with each containing 10 cows per treatment. The treatment supplemented with TMR (DM basis) as the control (CON), and CON mixed with alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) at a level of 5%, 10% and 15% of the TMR as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by supplementation of AFF. An increased 4% FCM in the milk occurred in cows fed T3 diet compared with CON, while T1 and T2 diets decreased 4% FCM in a dose dependent manner. Supplementation of AFF increased the concentration of albumin, total protein (TP), ammonia, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum compared with CON. In contrast, supplementation with AFF clearly decreased concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total cholesterol (TC) compare with CON. AFF supplementation increased the proportion of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 compared to CON. A decrease in the concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) for T1, T2 and T3 resulted in an increased unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) to SFA ratio compared to CON. Concentration of cholesterol in milk fat was reduced in proportion to the supplemental level of AFF. Feeding a diet supplemented with a moderate level AFF to lactating cows could be a way to alter the feed efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk by increasing potentially human consumer healthy fatty acid without detrimental effects on feed intake and milk production. A substantially decreased cholesterol proportion in milk induced by supplementation AFF suggests that alcohol fermented feed may improve milk cholesterol levels without any negative effects in lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, JiLin, 13302, China
| | - B K Park
- Nonghyup Feed Co., LTD., Seoul 134-763, Korea
| | - C G Yan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, JiLin, 13302, China
| | - J G Choi
- Deahan Livestock and Feed Co., LTD. BukSung-Dong, 1-Ka, Chung-Ku, Incheon 400-201, Korea
| | - J S Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, JiLin, 13302, China
| | - J S Shin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, JiLin, 13302, China
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Mahasneh T, Harrington Z, Williamson J, Alkhawaja D, Duflou J, Shin JS. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a rare presentation. Respirol Case Rep 2014; 2:67-9. [PMID: 25473570 PMCID: PMC4184509 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a patient with persisting fevers, a progressive pulmonary infiltrate, and high levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase. No underlying cause for these changes was found prior to her death despite extensive investigations. Postmortem tissue revealed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and subsequent brain examination revealed vascular changes in keeping with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). On review, subtle yet extensive lymphomatous infiltrates involved the vasculature of multiple other organs, including the lungs. Aspergillosis is a relatively rare presenting feature of lymphoproliferative disorders, and IVLBCL is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with, to our knowledge, very few case reports to date. Lymphoma should be considered in patients presenting with pneumonitis with bilateral lung infiltrates on imaging, with a high serum level of lactate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamadur Mahasneh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zinta Harrington
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Williamson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darweesh Alkhawaja
- Department of Surgery, Nepean Hospital, University of Sydney Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jo Duflou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Sydney Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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An HJ, Choi EK, Kim JS, Hong SW, Moon JH, Shin JS, Ha SH, Kim KP, Hong YS, Lee JL, Choi EK, Lee JS, Jin DH, Kim TW. INCB018424 induces apoptotic cell death through the suppression of pJAK1 in human colon cancer cells. Neoplasma 2014; 61:56-62. [PMID: 24195509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) is one of the main upstream activators of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) that are constitutively activated in various malignancies and are associated with cell growth, survival, and carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of JAKs in colorectal cancer in order to develop effective therapeutic targets for INCB018424, which is the first JAK1/2 inhibitor to be approved by FDA. After examining the basal expression levels of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-JAK2, we measured the effects of INCB018424 on the phosphorylation of JAK1/2 using western blot analysis. Cell viability was determined using the trypan blue exclusion assay. The cell death mechanism was identified by the activation of caspase 3 using western blot and annexin V staining. The basal levels of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-JAK2 were cancer cell type dependent. Colorectal cancer cell lines that phosphorylate both JAK1 and JAK2 include DLD-1 and RKO. INCB018424 inactivates both JAK1 and JAK2 in DLD-1 cells but inactivates only JAK1 in RKO cells. Cell death was proportional to the inactivation of JAK1 but not JAK2. INCB018424 causes caspase-dependent cell death, which is prevented by treatment with z-VAD. The inhibition of JAK1 phosphorylation seemed sufficient to allow INCB018424-mediated apoptosis. JAK1 is a key molecule that is involved in colon cancer cell survival and the inhibition of JAK1 by INCB01424 results in caspase-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The use of selective JAK1 inhibitors could be an attractive therapy against colorectal cancer, but further clinical investigations are needed to test this possibility.
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Abstract
Invasive breast cancer develops through prolonged accumulation of multiple genetic changes. The progression to a malignant phenotype requires overriding of growth inhibition. It is evident that some breast cancers have an inherited basis, and both hereditary and sporadic cancers appear to involve molecular mechanisms that are linked to the cell cycle. Frequently, changes in the molecular pathways with gene deletions, point mutations and/or overexpression of growth factors can be seen in these cancers. Recent evidence also implicates the senescence pathway in breast carcinogenesis. It has a barrier effect towards excessive cellular growth, acting as the regulator of tumour initiation and progression. Later in carcinogenesis, acquisition of the senescence associated secretory phenotype may instead promote tumour progression by stimulating growth and transformation in adjacent cells. This two-edge role of senescence in cancer directs more investigations into the effects of the senescence pathway in the development of malignancy. This review presents the current evidence on the roles of senescence molecular pathways in breast cancer and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmawati Pare
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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Shin JS, Tut TG, Yang T, Lee CS. Radiotherapy response in microsatellite instability related rectal cancer. Korean J Pathol 2013; 47:1-8. [PMID: 23482947 PMCID: PMC3589603 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Preoperative radiotherapy may improve the resectability and subsequent local control of rectal cancers. However, the extent of radiation induced regression in these tumours varies widely between individuals. To date no reliable predictive marker of radiation sensitivity in rectal cancer has been identified. At the cellular level, radiation injury initiates a complex molecular network of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways that leads to cell cycle arrest, attempts at re-constituting the damaged DNA and should this fail, then apoptosis. This review presents the details which suggest the roles of DNA mismatch repair proteins, the lack of which define a distinct subset of colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI), in the DDR pathways. Hence routine assessment of the MSI status in rectal cancers may potentially serve as a predictor of radiotherapy response, thereby improving patient stratification in the administration of this otherwise toxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Shik Shin
- Discipline of Pathology, University of Western Sydney School of Medicine, Liverpool, NSW, Australia. ; Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia. ; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney South West Area Pathology Service, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Kim MJ, Lee JS, Kumar S, Rahman MM, Shin JS, Ra CS. Indirect Estimation of CH4 from Livestock Feeds through TOCs Evaluation. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:496-501. [PMID: 25049590 PMCID: PMC4092901 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-five available feeds were fermented in vitro in order to investigate their soluble total organic carbon (TOCs) and methane (CH4) production rate. A fermentation reactor was designed to capture the CH4 gas emitted and to collect liquor from the reactor during in vitro fermentation. The results showed that CH4 production rate greatly varied among feeds with different ingredients. The lowest CH4-producing feeds were corn gluten feed, brewer’s grain, and orchard grass among the energy, protein, and forage feed groups, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in digestibility, soluble total organic carbon (TOCs), and CH4 emissions among feeds, during 48 h of in vitro fermentation. Digestibility and TOCs was not found to be related due to different fermentation pattern of each but TOCs production was directly proportional to CH4 production (y = 0.0076x, r2 = 0.83). From this in vitro study, TOCs production could be used as an indirect index for estimation of CH4 emission from feed ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - M M Rahman
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - J S Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - C S Ra
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
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Shin JS, Foot T, Hong A, Zhang M, Lum T, Solomon MJ, Soon Lee C. Telomerase expression as a predictive marker of radiotherapy response in rectal cancer: in vitro and in vivo study. Pathology 2012; 44:209-15. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e3283511cd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sasani S, Quin J, Henderson C, Soon Lee C, Shin JS. An unsuspected case of cerebral toxoplasmosis: case report and literature review. Pathology 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)32871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Park I, Park RW, Lim SK, Lee W, Shin JS, Yu S, Shin GT, Kim H. Rectal culture screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in chronic haemodialysis patients: false-negative rates and duration of colonisation. J Hosp Infect 2011; 79:147-50. [PMID: 21764175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Infection or colonisation with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is common in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients. However, there is limited information on the duration of VRE colonisation or on the reliability of consecutive negative rectal cultures to determine the clearance of VRE in chronic HD patients. Chronic HD patients from whom VRE was isolated were examined retrospectively. Rectal cultures were collected more than three times, at least one week apart, between 1 June 2003 and 1 March 2010. The results of the sequential VRE cultures and patients' data were analysed. Among 812 patients from whom VRE was isolated, 89 were chronic HD patients and 92 had three consecutive negative cultures. It took 60.7 ± 183.9 and 111.4 ± 155.4 days to collect three consecutive negative cultures in the 83 non-chronic haemodialysis patients and nine chronic HD patients, respectively (P = 0.011). The independent risk factors for more than three negative sequential rectal cultures were glycopeptide usage [odds ratio (OR): 2.155; P = 0.003] and length of hospital stay (OR: 1.009; P = 0.001). After three consecutive negative rectal cultures, two of six chronic HD patients and 10 of 36 non-HD patients were culture positive again. In conclusion, a significant proportion of patients colonised with VRE cannot be detected by three-weekly rectal cultures, and the duration of VRE colonisation in chronic haemodialysis patients tends to be prolonged. These results may be contributing to the continued increase in the prevalence of VRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Park
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim HT, Kim DW, Hwang JS, Shin JS, Whang D, Ahn D, Hwang SW. Probing the continuous radio frequency spectrum of water relaxation using a carbon nanotube. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:072201. [PMID: 21411871 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/7/072201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have obtained the continuous radio frequency spectrum of water molecule relaxation using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a high-speed nanoprobe. Three sets of characteristic time scales are clearly identified. Two sets are attributed to the electric-field-driven polarization of water molecules bound to CNTs and the collective relaxation of water layers in the vicinity of CNTs, respectively. The third set is appreciable only in air, and can be related to triplet oxygen relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Kim
- Research Center for Time-domain Nano-functional Devices and School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 5-1 Anam, Sungbuk, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid hormone important for health and disease prevention. The actions of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D receptor that binds the active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] to induce both transcriptional and non-genomic responses. Vitamin D has well known classical functions in calcium uptake and bone metabolism, but more recent work highlights the importance of the nonclassical actions of vitamin D in a variety of cell types. These actions include modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and regulation of cell proliferation. Adequate vitamin D intake is essential for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, and epidemiological data indicate that many pregnant women have sub-optimal vitamin D levels. Notably, vitamin D deficiency correlates with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and bacterial vaginosis, and an increased risk for C-section delivery. Recent work emphasizes the importance of nonclassical roles of vitamin D in pregnancy and the placenta. The placenta produces and responds to vitamin D where vitamin D functions as a modulator of implantation, cytokine production and the immune response to infection. We describe vitamin D metabolism and the cellular responses to vitamin D, and then summarize the role of vitamin D in placental trophoblast, pregnancy and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid hormone important for health and disease prevention. The actions of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D receptor that binds the active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] to induce both transcriptional and non-genomic responses. Vitamin D has well known classical functions in calcium uptake and bone metabolism, but more recent work highlights the importance of the nonclassical actions of vitamin D in a variety of cell types. These actions include modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and regulation of cell proliferation. Adequate vitamin D intake is essential for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, and epidemiological data indicate that many pregnant women have sub-optimal vitamin D levels. Notably, vitamin D deficiency correlates with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and bacterial vaginosis, and an increased risk for C-section delivery. Recent work emphasizes the importance of nonclassical roles of vitamin D in pregnancy and the placenta. The placenta produces and responds to vitamin D where vitamin D functions as a modulator of implantation, cytokine production and the immune response to infection. We describe vitamin D metabolism and the cellular responses to vitamin D, and then summarize the role of vitamin D in placental trophoblast, pregnancy and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shin JS, Kim BG. Kinetic resolution of alpha-methylbenzylamine with omicron-transaminase screened from soil microorganisms: application of a biphasic system to overcome product inhibition. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 55:348-58. [PMID: 18636493 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970720)55:2<348::aid-bit12>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two microorganisms showing high omicron-transaminase activity (Klebsiella pneumoniae JS2F and Bacillus thuringiensis JS64) were screened by the enrichment method using (S)-alpha-methylbenzylamine (alpha-MBA) as a sole nitrogen source. Optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for enzyme induction and the properties of omicron-transaminases were investigated. omicron-Transaminase from B. thuringiensis JS64 was highly enantioselective (E = 75.3) for (S)-enantiomer of alpha-MBA and showed remarkable stability. However, omicron-transaminase showed severe product inhibition by acetophenone. An aqueous/organic two-phase system was introduced to overcome this problem. Through solvent screening, cyclohexanone and ethyl acetate were selected as the best organic phases. The acetophenone-extracting capacity of the solvent and the biocompatibility of the solvent to the cell were important determinants in the reaction rate at high concentrations of alpha-MBA. The reaction rate of omicron-transamination was strongly influenced by the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase as well as agitation speed in the biphasic mixture. Using the optimal volume ratio (Vorg:Vaq = 1:4) in the biphasic system with cyclohexanone, the reaction rate of omicron-transaminase under vigorous mixing conditions increased ninefold compared with that in the monophasic aqueous system. At the same optimal conditions, using whole cells, 500 mM alpha-MBA could be resolved successfully to above 95% enantiomeric excess of (R)-alpha-MBA with ca. 51% conversion. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 348-358, 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Department of Chemical Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhou J, Belov L, Huang PY, Shin JS, Solomon MJ, Chapuis PH, Bokey L, Chan C, Clarke C, Clarke SJ, Christopherson RI. Surface antigen profiling of colorectal cancer using antibody microarrays with fluorescence multiplexing. J Immunol Methods 2010; 355:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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