1
|
Saesen R, Machado M, Crifo B, Liu L, de Vries C, Herold R, Llinares Garcia J, Huys I. Involvement of the European Medicines Agency in multi-stakeholder regulatory science research projects: experiences of staff members and project coordinators. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1181702. [PMID: 37324145 PMCID: PMC10267977 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1181702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The European Medicines Agency (EMA) interacts with many different stakeholders involved in the development of drugs, including academic researchers. In recent years, EMA has collaborated more closely with academia, inter alia by taking part in external research projects such as those set up under the Horizon 2020 program in general and the Innovative Medicines Initiative in particular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived added value of EMA's involvement in these projects, both from the perspective of the Agency's participating Scientific Officers and of the coordinators of the consortia that undertook them. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the coordinators of 21 ongoing or recently finalized projects in which EMA has participated, as well as with the Agency experts contributing to them. Results In total, 40 individuals were interviewed, of whom 23 were project coordinators and 17 were EMA staff members. While most of the projects were reported to suffer from delays due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the consortia adapted to the circumstances and their members still expected to deliver on their objectives. EMA's input into the projects ranged from providing guidance by reviewing documents and attending meetings to creating project materials and disseminating them. The frequency of communication between EMA and the consortia varied widely. The projects generated a diverse set of outputs, which encompassed new or improved medicinal products, methodological standards, research infrastructures, and educational tools. All of the coordinators expressed that EMA's contributions to their projects had increased the scientific relevance of their consortium's work, and the EMA experts found that the knowledge and the deliverables produced by the projects were valuable, taking into consideration the time they had invested into them. In addition, interviewees highlighted some actions which could be taken to increase the regulatory significance of the project outcomes. Conclusion EMA's engagement in external research projects benefits the consortia conducting them and supports the Agency's mission to foster scientific excellence and advance regulatory science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbe Saesen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matilde Machado
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Lifang Liu
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corinne de Vries
- Translational Sciences Office, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ralf Herold
- Task Force Regulatory Science and Innovation, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jordi Llinares Garcia
- Task Force Regulatory Science and Innovation, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Huys
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hendrikse NM, Llinares Garcia J, Vetter T, Humphreys AJ, Ehmann F. Biomarkers in Medicines Development-From Discovery to Regulatory Qualification and Beyond. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:878942. [PMID: 35559349 PMCID: PMC9086587 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.878942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important tools in medicines development and clinical practice. Besides their use in clinical trials, such as for enrichment of patients, monitoring safety or response to treatment, biomarkers are a cornerstone of precision medicine. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) emphasised the importance of the discovery, qualification, and use of biomarkers in their Regulatory Science Strategy to 2025, which included the recommendation to enhance early engagement with biomarker developers to facilitate regulatory qualification. This study explores the journey of biomarkers through the EU regulatory system and beyond, based on a review of interactions between developers and the EMA from 2008 to 2020, as well as the use of qualified biomarkers in clinical trials. Of applicants that used early interaction platforms such as the Innovation Task Force, less than half engaged in fee-related follow-up procedures. Results showed that, as compared to companies, consortia were more likely to opt for the Qualification of Novel Methodologies procedure and engage in follow-up procedures. Our results highlight the importance of early engagement with regulators for achieving biomarker qualification, including pre-submission discussions in the context of the qualification procedure. A review of clinical trials showed that all qualified biomarkers are used in practice, although not always according to the endorsed context of use. Overall, this study highlights important aspects of biomarker qualification, including opportunities to improve the seamless support for developers by EMA. The use of qualified biomarkers in clinical trials underlines the importance of regulatory qualification, which will further enable precision medicine for the benefit of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Hendrikse
- Regulatory Science and Innovation Task Force, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jordi Llinares Garcia
- Regulatory Science and Innovation Task Force, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Vetter
- Scientific Advice Office, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony J Humphreys
- Regulatory Science and Innovation Task Force, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Falk Ehmann
- Regulatory Science and Innovation Task Force, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bakker E, Hendrikse NM, Ehmann F, van der Meer DS, Llinares Garcia J, Vetter T, Starokozhko V, Mol PGM. Biomarker qualification at the European Medicines Agency: a review of biomarker qualification procedures from 2008 to 2020. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:69-80. [PMID: 35137949 PMCID: PMC9313861 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory qualification of biomarkers facilitates their harmonized use across drug developers, enabling more personalized medicine. This study reviews various aspects of the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA’s) biomarker qualification procedure, including frequency and outcome, common challenges, and biomarker characteristics. Our findings provide insights into the EMA’s biomarker qualification process and will thereby support future applications. All biomarker‐related “Qualification of Novel Methodologies for Medicine Development” procedures that started from 2008 to 2020 were included. Procedural data were extracted from relevant documents and analyzed descriptively. In total, 86 biomarker qualification procedures were identified, of which 13 resulted in qualified biomarkers. Whereas initially many biomarker qualification procedures were linked to a single company and specific drug development program, a shift was observed to qualification efforts by consortia. Most biomarkers were proposed (n = 45) and qualified (n = 9) for use in patient selection, stratification, and/or enrichment, followed by efficacy biomarkers (37 proposed, 4 qualified). Overall, many issues were raised during qualification procedures, mostly related to biomarker properties and assay validation (in 79% and 77% of all procedures, respectively). Issues related to the proposed context of use and rationale were least common yet were still raised in 54% of all procedures. While few qualified biomarkers are currently available, procedures focus increasingly on biomarkers for general use instead of those linked to specific drug compounds. The issues raised during qualification procedures illustrate the thorough discussions taking place between applicants and regulators—highlighting aspects that need careful consideration and underlining the importance of an appropriate validation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bakker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Falk Ehmann
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlla S van der Meer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, CBG-MEB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Viktoriia Starokozhko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, CBG-MEB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G M Mol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, CBG-MEB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Scientific Advice Working Party of the European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lodewijk I, Bernardini A, Suárez-Cabrera C, Bernal E, Sánchez R, Garcia JL, Rojas K, Morales L, Wang S, Han X, Dueñas M, Paramio JM, Manso L. Genomic landscape and immune-related gene expression profiling of epithelial ovarian cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:7. [PMID: 35087175 PMCID: PMC8795445 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery is an accepted treatment for patients with stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer who are not suitable for primary debulking surgery. The identification of suitable adjuvant treatments in these patients is an unmet need. Here, we explore potential genomic characteristics (mutational and immune-associated expression profiles) in a series of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor samples from biopsy and interval debulking surgery were analyzed for mutational landscape and immune profiling, together with detailed immunohistochemistry using different immune cell markers, and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and potential response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No major differences in the mutational landscape were observed in paired biopsy and surgery samples. Genomic loss of heterozygosity was found to be higher in patients with total/near-total tumor response. The immune gene expression profile after neoadjuvant chemotherapy revealed activation of several immune regulation-related pathways in patients with no/minimal or partial response. In parallel, neoadjuvant therapy caused a significant increase of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte population abundance, primarily due to an augmentation of the CD8+ T cell population. Remarkably, these changes occurred irrespective of potential homologous recombination defects, such as those associated with BRCA1/2 mutations. Our study strengthens the use of loss of heterozygosity as a biomarker of homologous repair deficiency. The changes of immune states during neoadjuvant chemotherapy reveal the dynamic nature of tumor-host immune interactions and suggest the potential use of immune checkpoint inhibitors or their combination with poly-ADP polymerase inhibitors in high stage and grade epithelial ovarian cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Lodewijk
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bernardini
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Suárez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Bernal
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 De Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology, Infant Cristina University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Sánchez
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 De Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Garcia
- Pathology Department, University Hospital 12 De Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Rojas
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Morales
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Wang
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - X Han
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - M Dueñas
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Paramio
- Biomedical Research Institute I+12, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Manso
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 De Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hines PA, Agricola E, Llinares Garcia J, O'Dwyer L, Herold R. Therapeutic genome editing: regulatory horizons. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:1-2. [PMID: 34326503 DOI: 10.1038/d41573-021-00130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Papadouli I, Mueller-Berghaus J, Beuneu C, Ali S, Hofner B, Petavy F, Tzogani K, Miermont A, Norga K, Kholmanskikh O, Leest T, Schuessler-Lenz M, Salmonson T, Gisselbrecht C, Garcia JL, Pignatti F. EMA Review of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Yescarta) for the Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Oncologist 2020; 25:894-902. [PMID: 32339368 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
On June 28, 2018, the Committee for Advanced Therapies and the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Yescarta for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, after two or more lines of systemic therapy. Yescarta, which was designated as an orphan medicinal product and included in the European Medicines Agency's Priority Medicines scheme, was granted an accelerated review timetable. The active substance of Yescarta is axicabtagene ciloleucel, an engineered autologous T-cell immunotherapy product whereby a patient's own T cells are harvested and genetically modified ex vivo by retroviral transduction using a retroviral vector to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising an anti-CD19 single chain variable fragment linked to CD28 costimulatory domain and CD3-zeta signaling domain. The transduced anti-CD19 CAR T cells are expanded ex vivo and infused back into the patient, where they can recognize and eliminate CD19-expressing cells. The benefits of Yescarta as studied in ZUMA-1 phase II (NCT02348216) were an overall response rate per central review of 66% (95% confidence interval, 56%-75%) at a median follow-up of 15.1 months in the intention to treat population and a complete response rate of 47% with a significant duration. The most common adverse events were cytokine release syndrome, neurological adverse events, infections, pyrexia, diarrhea, nausea, hypotension, and fatigue. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel) was the first chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy to be submitted for evaluation to the European Medicines Agency and admitted into the "priority medicine" scheme; it was granted accelerated assessment on the basis of anticipated clinical benefit in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a condition of unmet medical need. Indeed, Yescarta showed an overall response rate of 66% and a complete response rate of 47% with a significant duration and a manageable toxicity that compared very favorably with historical controls. Here the analysis of benefits and risks is presented, and specific challenges with this important novel product are highlighted, providing further insights and reflections for future medical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Beuneu
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sahra Ali
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Petavy
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne Miermont
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Norga
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Brussels, Belgium
- Paediatric Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Tim Leest
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vreman RA, Heikkinen I, Schuurman A, Sapede C, Garcia JL, Hedberg N, Athanasiou D, Grueger J, Leufkens HGM, Goettsch WG. Unmet Medical Need: An Introduction to Definitions and Stakeholder Perceptions. Value Health 2019; 22:1275-1282. [PMID: 31708064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing informal and formal use of unmet medical need (UMN) in drug development, regulation, and assessment, there is no insight into its definitions in use. This study aims to provide insight into the current definitions in use and to provide a starting point for a multi-stakeholder discussion on alignment. METHODS A scoping and a gray literature review were performed to locate definitions of UMN in literature and on stakeholder websites. These definitions were categorized and then discussed among the multi-stakeholder author group via semistructured group discussions and open session workshops with a broader stakeholder audience. Issues with the formation of a common definition and mechanisms for use were discussed. RESULTS The reviews yielded 16 definitions. Differences were evident, but all included 1 or more of the following elements: (adequacy of) available treatments (16 of 16: 100%), disease severity or burden (6 of 16: 38%), and patient population size (1 of 16: 6%). The stakeholder discussions led to a suggestion for a definition including the first 2 items and, depending on context, population size. The discussions also showed that quantification of UMN is highly dependent on the scope and the value framework in which it is used based on different stakeholder preferences and responsibilities. CONCLUSION We encourage stakeholders that want to promote alignment on the concept of UMN to prospectively discuss the scope in which they want to apply the concept, what elements they find important for consideration in each case, and how they would measure UMN within the broader regulatory or value framework applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Vreman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Health Care Institute, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ad Schuurman
- National Health Care Institute, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Niklas Hedberg
- The Dental and Pharmaceuticals Benefits Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Athanasiou
- World Duchenne Organization, Stichting United Parent Projects Muscular Dystrophy, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hubert G M Leufkens
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G Goettsch
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; National Health Care Institute, Diemen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schneider LCL, do Nascimento JCP, Trevizan AR, Góis MB, Borges SC, Beraldi EJ, Garcia JL, Sant'Ana DMG, Buttow NC. Toxoplasma gondii promotes changes in VIPergic submucosal neurons, mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, and goblet cells during acute infection in the ileum of rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13264. [PMID: 29266818 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal mucosa plays an important role in the mechanical barrier against pathogens. During Toxoplasma gondii infection, however, the parasites invade the epithelial cells of the small intestine and initiate a local immune response. In the submucosal plexus, this response promotes an imbalance of neurotransmitters and induces neuroplasticity, which can change the integrity of the epithelium and its secretory function. This study evaluated the submucosal neurons throughout acute T. gondii infection and the relationship between possible alterations and the epithelial and immune defense cells of the mucosa. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups (n = 5): 1 control group, uninfected, and 7 groups infected with an inoculation of 5000 sporulated T. gondii oocysts (ME-49 strain, genotype II). Segments of the ileum were collected for standard histological processing, histochemical techniques, and immunofluorescence. KEY RESULTS The infection caused progressive neuronal loss in the submucosal general population and changed the proportion of VIPergic neurons throughout the infection periods. These changes may be related to the observed reduction in goblet cells that secret sialomucins and increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes after 24 hours, and the increase in immune cells in the lamina propria after 10 days of infection. The submucosa also presented fibrogenesis, characterizing injury and tissue repair. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The acute T. gondii infection in the ileum of rats changes the proportion of VIPergic neurons and the epithelial cells, which can compromise the mucosal defense during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C L Schneider
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J C P do Nascimento
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A R Trevizan
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M B Góis
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - S C Borges
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E J Beraldi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J L Garcia
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - D M G Sant'Ana
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - N C Buttow
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dasi MA, Gonzalez-Conejero R, Izquierdo S, Padilla J, Garcia JL, Garcia-Barberá N, Argilés B, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Hernández-Sánchez JM, Hernández-Rivas JM, Vicente V, Corral J. Uniparental disomy causes deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent proteins. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2410-2418. [PMID: 27681307 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Vitamin K-dependent coagulant factor deficiency (VKCFD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. We describe a case of inherited VKCFD due to uniparental disomy. The homozygous mutation caused the absence of GGCX isoform 1 and overexpression of Δ2GGCX. Hepatic and non-hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins must be assayed to monitor VKCFD treatment. SUMMARY Background Inherited deficiency of all vitamin K-dependent coagulant factors (VKCFD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the γ-glutamyl carboxylase gene (GGCX) or the vitamin K epoxide reductase gene (VKORC1), with great heterogeneity in terms of both clinical presentation and response to treatment. Objective To characterize the molecular basis of VKCFD in a Spanish family. Methods and Results Sequencing of candidate genes, comparative genomic hybridization and massive sequencing identified a new mechanism causing VKCFD in the proband. Uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 2 caused homozygosity of a mutation (c.44-1G>A) resulting in aberrant GGCX splicing. This change contributed to absent expression of the mRNA coding for the full-length protein, and to four-fold overexpression of the smaller mRNA isoform lacking exon 2 (Δ2GGCX). Δ2GGCX might be responsible for two unexpected clinical observations in the patient: (i) increased plasma osteocalcin levels following vitamin K1 supplementation; and (ii) a mild non-bleeding phenotype. Conclusions Our study identifies a new autosomal disease, VKCFD1, caused by UPD. These data suggest that the Δ2GGCX isoform may retain enzymatic activity, and strongly encourage the evaluation of both hepatic and non-hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins to assess differing responses to vitamin K supplementation in VKCFD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Dasi
- Unidad de Hematología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - S Izquierdo
- Unidad de Hematología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Padilla
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - J L Garcia
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - N Garcia-Barberá
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - B Argilés
- Unidad de Hematología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - M E de la Morena-Barrio
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Grupo CB15/00055 del Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J M Hernández-Rivas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - V Vicente
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Grupo CB15/00055 del Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Corral
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Grupo CB15/00055 del Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Novoa NM, Gomez MT, Garcia JL, Ludeña D. Factors influencing malignant evolution and long-term survival in solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura. Histol Histopathol 2014; 29:1445-54. [PMID: 24610596 DOI: 10.14670/hh-29.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solitary pleuro-pulmonary fibrous tumours are relatively uncommon neoplasms that are difficult to manage therapeutically and which, cytogenetically, have been poorly studied. The aim of the present work was to analyse the characteristics of a series of consecutive operated solitary pleural fibrous tumours in an attempt to discover a malignant pattern of evolution. This was a retrospective observational study of 19 cases. Samples were studied for clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic characteristics (aCGH, FISH). Descriptive statistics were used: the Kapplan-Meyer log-rank test and the Cox-regression model for survival analysis. Analysis of malignant evolution was achieved using 2x2 tables; significant factors were included in a binary logistic regression model. Parietal pleural implantation of the primary tumour, high mib1 expression, and low p53 expression were seen to be statistically significant factors for survival. We recommend a close follow-up for patients with a malignant primary tumour and low p53 expression and a regular long-term follow-up for benign primary tumours with a high mib1 index, high positive p53, and deletions. These findings need confirmation in more extensive series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria M Novoa
- Thoracic Surgery Department. - Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria T Gomez
- Thoracic Surgery Department. University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J L Garcia
- Research Unit of the University Hospital of Salamanca, Spain - Centre for Cancer Research, Salamanca (CIC IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dolores Ludeña
- Pathology Department. University Hospital of Salamanca, Spain - Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mañes M, Moriel C, Santaolalla I, Garcia JL, Martín I, Segura M. CP-100 Strategy for the simplification of antiretroviral therapy: protease inhibitor monotherapy. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
12
|
Gasanz I, Rubio B, Corrales L, Crespo P, Garcia JL, Segura M. PS-029 Review of the system for recording elderly patients’ medicines at admission. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
13
|
Putzeist M, Heemstra HE, Garcia JL, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Gispen-De Wied CC, Hoes AW, Leufkens HGM. Determinants for successful marketing authorisation of orphan medicinal products in the EU. Drug Discov Today 2011; 17:352-8. [PMID: 22094244 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, the European Regulation for Orphan Medicinal Products (OMPs) was in force for ten years. In this study we assessed possible determinants of applications for OMPs in the EU since 2000 that are associated with a successful marketing authorisation. Our analysis shows that clinical trial characteristics such as demonstrating convincing evidence of a beneficial effect on the primary endpoint, the selection of a clinically relevant endpoint, providing RCT data as pivotal study evidence and the submission of sound dose finding data are critical success factors. In addition, high medical need seems to counterweigh uncertainties about the scientific evidence in the benefit-risk assessment of OMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Putzeist
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lopes FMR, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Gonçalves DD, Freire RL, Karigyo CJT, Wedy GF, Matsuo T, Reiche EMV, Morimoto HK, Capobiango JD, Inoue IT, Garcia JL, Navarro IT. Factors associated with seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant women of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 104:378-82. [PMID: 19430668 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between seropositivity for IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and socio-economic and environmental variables in pregnant women of Londrina, state of Paraná, Brazil. We interviewed 492 pregnant women, each of whom answered an epidemiological questionnaire, and collected blood samples for measurement of IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii antibodies by chemiluminescence. A confirmatory diagnosis of acute infection was made by an IgG avidity test. Titres of specific IgG anti-T. gondii were obtained by IFAT. Seropositivity for IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies was observed in 242 women (49.2%) and, of these, six pregnant women (1.2%) showed seropositivity for IgM. Age group, level of education, per capita income, presence of a cat in the house and a habit of eating green vegetables were all factors associated with a greater chance of infection with T. gondii. This study showed that 250 (50.8%) pregnant women were susceptible to T. gondii and considered to be at high risk for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Based on the results obtained, is critical to establish a program of health surveillance for toxoplasmosis, in order to contribute to diagnosis and early treatment during the prenatal period. It is also necessary to introduce measures to prevent the Toxoplasma infection in seronegative pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M R Lopes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Santos-Briz A, Romo A, Antúnez P, Román C, Alcoceba M, Garcia JL, Vazquez L, González M, Unamuno P. Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of donor origin after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:e778-81. [PMID: 19817764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 56-year-old male patient had a history of mantle-cell lymphoma, which was treated with polychemotherapy and reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) from his healthy sister with an identical human leucocyte antigen profile. Six years after transplantation, the patient developed asymptomatic eczema-like cutaneous lesions. Histologically the lesions contained a dense superficial lichenoid infiltrate, mainly consisting of CD4+ atypical medium to large lymphocytes showing indented hyperchromatic nuclei. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus was negative. PCR amplification of the T-cell receptor-gamma chain gene from several lesions revealed a monoclonal rearrangement without clonal variation. Two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (X and Y chromosomes) and microsatellite genotyping were used to compare samples from the patient (transplant recipient), his sister (donor) and the skin biopsy sample, which confirmed that the origin of the neoplastic cells was the donor graft. To our knowledge, this is the first case of post-transplant primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder after ASCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Santos-Briz
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lopez-Villar O, Garcia JL, Sanchez-Guijo FM, Robledo C, Villaron EM, Hernández-Campo P, Lopez-Holgado N, Diez-Campelo M, Barbado MV, Perez-Simon JA, Hernández-Rivas JM, San-Miguel JF, del Cañizo MC. Both expanded and uncultured mesenchymal stem cells from MDS patients are genomically abnormal, showing a specific genetic profile for the 5q− syndrome. Leukemia 2009; 23:664-72. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
18
|
Climent J, Garcia JL, Mao JH, Arsuaga J, Perez-Losada J. Characterization of breast cancer by array comparative genomic hybridization. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 85:497-508. [PMID: 17713584 DOI: 10.1139/o07-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is due to the accumulation of recurrent genomic alterations that induce growth advantage and clonal expansion. Most of these genomic changes can be detected using the array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) technique. The accurate classification of these genomic alterations is expected to have an important impact on translational and basic research. Here we review recent advances in CGH technology used in the characterization of different features of breast cancer. First, we present bioinformatics methods that have been developed for the analysis of CGH arrays; next, we discuss the use of array CGH technology to classify tumor stages and to identify and stratify subgroups of patients with different prognoses and clinical behaviors. We finish our review with a discussion of how CGH arrays are being used to identify oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and breast cancer susceptibility genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Climent
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- J L Garcia
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie IRD, Université de Provence, ESIL case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 9, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Romanelli PR, Freire RL, Vidotto O, Marana ERM, Ogawa L, De Paula VSO, Garcia JL, Navarro IT. Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and dogs from Guarapuava farms, Paraná State, Brazil. Res Vet Sci 2007; 82:202-7. [PMID: 17266999 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sheep and dog blood samples were collected from nine farms in the county of Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used to detect Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Herein, serum samples from 305 sheep were evaluated, being 29 (9.5%) and 157 (51.5%) seropositives to N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. Seven (29.1%) and five (20.8%) out of 24 dogs were seropositives to N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. There were no differences among the sheep serology for N. caninum and reproductive problems, management and animal feeding variables, neurological problems and presence of other animals species on the farm (P>or=0.05). The simultaneous frequency of antibodies between N. caninum and T. gondii was 5.2% in the herds. Age, breed, farm size, semi-intensive activity, mineral salt supplementation, water origin, stage of the pregnancy when reproduction problems occurred, neurological problems in lambs, presence of rodents in the food room and pasture cat access were identified as associated factors for the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in sheep (P<0.05). There were no differences among the seropositivity in dogs for N. caninum and T. gondii and breed, age and sex (P>or=0.05). The present work is the first report on serum prevalence of N. caninum in sheep from the state of Paraná, Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Romanelli
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Postal Box 6001, 86050-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dettori T, Frau DV, Garcia JL, Pierantoni G, Lee C, Hernandez JM, Fusco A, Morton CC, Vanni R. Comprehensive conventional and molecular cytogenetic characterization of B-CPAP, a human papillary thyroid carcinoma-derived cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 151:171-7. [PMID: 15172756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Revised: 09/05/2003] [Accepted: 09/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines derived from different thyroid tumor histotypes are useful for the in vitro study of both the phenotypic and genetic features of these cancers. Although karyotypic changes are known to be associated with thyroid lesions, the chromosome patterns of only a few cell lines have been published. Herein, we report an extensive conventional and molecular cytogenetic investigation of the human papillary thyroid carcinoma derived cell line B-CPAP. Morphological studies and expression of tumor markers in this cell line have been reported previously, but no detailed characterization on the origin of the chromosome markers is available. B-CPAP cells have a rather stable hypertriploid karyotype, with chromosome polysomies and structural chromosome abnormalities featuring whole chromosome arm imbalances. Chromosome banding revealed a main clone with nine chromosome markers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome paint (wcp), partial chromosome paint (pcp), and centromeric probes clarified their origin. The use of centromeric probes provided accurate refinement of the rearrangements classified as whole-arm translocations by banding and FISH with wcp probes. Both chromosomal and array-based comparative genomic hybridization experiments confirmed the cytogenetic characterization of this cell line. Moreover, the use of fluorescence immunophenotyping and interphase cytogenetics as a tool for the investigation of neoplasms (FICTION) technique, which simultaneously shows nuclear ploidy and cytoplasmic immunofluorescence, detailed the oncocytic feature of the cells. Intriguingly, despite their origin, they lack most of the features expressed in papillary thyroid tumor cells and have a chromosomal pattern reminiscent of that of a subgroup of oncocytic malignant thyroid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Dettori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastases manifest through pain, which can arise even before the injury is radiologically detected. Pain occurs as a result of bone destruction and, as more destruction ensues, more pain can be experienced. Radiculopathies, plexopathies and shrinkage of spinal nerves due to tumour growth and fractures are very frequent in these patients. Relief of pain from bone metastasis can be achieved by treating the cancer itself; radiotherapy; conventional analgesics; and specific drugs that work on the bone tumour-induced alteration: biphosphonates, calcitonin or radioactive agents. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of radioisotopes to control metastatic pain in patients with bone metastases and complications due to bone metastases (hypercalcaemia, bone fracture and spinal cord compression) as well as its efficacy in terms of patient survival and adverse effects. SEARCH STRATEGY Randomised and controlled clinical trials related to this review were retrieved electronically using MEDLINE (1966-2003), EMBASE (1974-2003) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 1 2003). general strategies to identify RCTs were combined with specific commands to identify trials of radioisotopes and metastatic bone pain. SELECTION CRITERIA The inclusion criteria were: randomised trials of patients with metastatic bone pain that compared treatment with radioisotopes and placebo, and where the major outcome was either pain or complications of bone metastases (eg, hypercalcaemia, bone fracture, spinal cord compression) assessed at least four weeks after treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The quality of included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale and the Oxford Pain Validity Score. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and completed a standard form designed for that purpose. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed, and global estimates of effect were calculated using a random effects model. MAIN RESULTS Four trials (325 patients) provided data that suggest a small effect of radioisotopes on pain control both at short and medium term (one to six months). No evidence was available to assess long-term effects (12 months). Only one study provided data on analgesia use and concluded that patients given either radioisotopes or placebo showed similar levels of analgesic use when compared to baseline use. Leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia are secondary effects associated with the administration of radioisotopes. The incidence of leukocytopenia is significantly greater in patients treated with radioisotopes (RR=4.56, 95% CI (1.22,17.08)). There were also a greater number of thrombocytopenia events in the treatment group, without reaching statistical significance. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of radioisotopes has been assessed in clinical trials with small sample sizes and short-term evaluations of the outcomes. There is some evidence indicating that radioisotopes may give complete reduction in pain over one to six months with no increase in analgesic use, but adverse effects, specifically leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, have also been experienced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Roqué
- Service of Epidemiology and Public Health. Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, c/ Sant Antoni M. Claret 171, 4a planta 08041, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is the most frequent symptom experienced by cancer patients, its intensity dependent on the site of the tumour. Tumours that compromise bone or nervous structures due to the bone destruction process are the most painful. There are several treatments to deal with pain (and other symptoms) caused by bone metastasis. The hormone, calcitonin, has the potential to relieve pain, and also retain bone density, thus reducing the risk of fractures. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of calcitonin in controlling metastatic bone pain and reducing bone complications (hypercalcemia, fractures and nervous compression) in patients with bone metastases. SEARCH STRATEGY Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE (1966-2001), EMBASE (1974-2001), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2, 2001), specialised registers of the Cochrane Cancer Network and of the Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group. Registers of clinical trials in progress were also searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were included if they were randomised, double-blind clinical trials of patients with metastatic bone pain, treated with calcitonin, where the major outcome measure was pain, assessed at four weeks or longer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Only two studies (90 patients) were eligible for inclusion in the review and therefore meta-analysis of the data was not possible. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed by imputing all missing values as adverse outcomes. MAIN RESULTS Of the two small studies included in the review, one study showed a non-significant effect of calcitonin in the number of patients with total pain reduction (RR 2.50; CI 95%, 0.55 to 11.41). The second study provided no evidence that calcitonin reduced analgesia consumption (RR 1.05; CI 95%, 0.90 to 1.21) in patients with painful bone metastases. There was no evidence that calcitonin was effective in controlling complications due to bone metastases; for improving quality of life; or patients' survival. Although not statistically significant, a greater number of adverse effects were observed in the groups given calcitonin in the two included studies (RR 3.35, CI 95%, 0.72 to 15.66). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The limited evidence currently available for systematic review does not support the use of calcitonin to control pain from bone metastases. Until new studies provide additional information on this treatment, other therapeutic approaches should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Martinez
- Service of Epidemiology and Public Health, Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Casa de Convalescència, Sant Antoni M Claret 171, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mateo C, Fernández-Lorente G, Cortés E, Garcia JL, Fernández-Lafuente R, Guisan JM. One-step purification, covalent immobilization, and additional stabilization of poly-His-tagged proteins using novel heterofunctional chelate-epoxy supports. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 76:269-76. [PMID: 11668463 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy supports covalently immobilize proteins following a two-step mechanism; that is, the protein is physically adsorbed and then the covalent reaction takes place. This mechanism has been exploited to combine the selectivity of metal chelate affinity chromatography with the covalent immobilization capacity of epoxy supports. In this way, it has been possible to accomplish, in a simple manner, the purification, immobilization, and stabilization of a poly-His-tagged protein. To fulfill this objective we developed a new kind of multifunctional epoxy support (chelate epoxy support [CES]), which was tested using a poly-His-tagged glutaryl acylase as a model protein (an alphabeta-heterodimeric enzyme of significant industrial interest). The selectivity of the immobilization in CES toward poly-His-tagged proteins was dependent to a large extent on the density and nature of the chelated metal. The highest selectivity was achieved by using low-density chelate groups (e.g., 5 micromol/g) and metals with a low affinity (e.g., Co). However, the rate of covalent immobilization of the protein by its reaction with the epoxy groups on the support significantly increased at alkaline pH values. The multipoint attachment to the CES also depended on the reaction time. The immobilization of both glutaryl acylase subunits was achieved by incubation of the enzyme derivative at pH 10 for 24 h, with the best enzyme derivative 100-fold more stable than the soluble enzyme. By taking advantage of the selectivity properties of the novel support, we were able to immobilize up to 30 mg of protein per gram of modified Eupergit 250 using either pure enzyme or a very crude enzyme extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mateo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chamkha M, Labat M, Patel BK, Garcia JL. Isolation of a cinnamic acid-metabolizing Clostridium glycolicum strain from oil mill wastewaters and emendation of the species description. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:2049-2054. [PMID: 11760946 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-6-2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A strictly anaerobic, gram-positive, motile, sporulated bacterium, designated strain CIN5, was isolated from olive mill wastewaters after enrichment on cinnamic acid. The rod-shaped cells were slightly curved (0.4-1.1 x 2.0-15 microm) and occurred singly or in pairs. Strain CIN5 utilized a limited number of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol), grew optimally at 37 degrees C and at pH 7.3-7.5 and had a DNA G+C content of 29.1+/-0.3 mol%. Strain CIN5 was very closely related to Clostridium glycolicum DSM 1288T. Both strain CIN5 and the type strain of C. glycolicum transformed cinnamic acid to hydrocinnamic acid and a wide range of other cinnamic acid derivatives, including o-, m- and p-coumaric, o-, m- and p-methoxycinnamic, p-methylcinnamic, caffeic, ferulic and isoferulic acids, to their corresponding 3-phenylpropionic acids by reducing the double bond of the side chain. Glucose supplementation increased the rate of conversion markedly. The emendation of the description of C. glycolicum is proposed to include these new characteristics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chamkha M, Garcia JL, Labat M. Metabolism of cinnamic acids by some Clostridiales and emendation of the descriptions of Clostridium aerotolerans, Clostridium celerecrescens and Clostridium xylanolyticum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:2105-11. [PMID: 11760953 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-6-2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Clostridium aerotolerans DSM 5434T, Clostridium celerecrescens DSM 5628T, Clostridium methoxybenzovorans DSM 12182T, Clostridium stercorarium ATCC 35414T, Clostridium subterminale DSM 2636, Clostridium termitidis DSM 5398T, Clostridium thermolacticum DSM 2910T, Clostridium thermopalmarium DSM 5974T and Clostridium xylanolyticum DSM 6555T to metabolize cinnamic acid and various derivatives, with or without glucose supplementation, was examined. Only C aerotolerans DSM 5434T and C. xylanolyticum DSM 6555T, closely related species, transformed cinnamic acid to 3-phenylpropionic acid. Both species also reduced a wide range of cinnamic acid derivatives, including o-, m- and p-coumaric, o-, m- and p-methoxycinnamic, p-methylcinnamic, caffeic, ferulic, isoferulic and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acids to their corresponding 3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives. C. aerotolerans DSM 5434T, however, also decarboxylated p-coumaric acid into 4-vinylphenol, which was then reduced to 4-ethylphenol. C. celerecrescens was grouped with C. aerotolerans and C. xylanolyticum in subcluster XIVa of the Clostridiales. C. celerecrescens DSM 5628T only metabolized m- and p-methoxycinnamic and p-methylcinnamic acids to their corresponding 3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives, reducing the double bond in the C3 aliphatic side chain. Addition of glucose markedly increased the yield of the biotransformations by these three species. An emendation of the descriptions of C. aerotolerans, C. celerecrescens and C. xylanolyticum is proposed, based on these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Chamkha
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie IRD, Unité de Biotechnologie Microbienne Post-Récolte, IFR-BAIM, Universités de Provence et de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mateo C, Fernandez-Lorente G, Pessela BC, Vian A, Carrascosa AV, Garcia JL, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Guisan JM. Affinity chromatography of polyhistidine tagged enzymes. New dextran-coated immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography matrices for prevention of undesired multipoint adsorptions. J Chromatogr A 2001; 915:97-106. [PMID: 11358266 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) matrices containing a high concentration of metal-chelate moieties and completely coated with inert flexible and hydrophilic dextrans are here proposed to improve the purification of polyhistidine (poly-His) tagged proteins. The purification of an interesting recombinant multimeric enzyme (a thermoresistant beta-galactosidase from Thermus sp. strain T2) has been used to check the performance of these new chromatographic media. IMAC supports with a high concentration (and surface density) of metal chelate groups promote a rapid adsorption of poly-His tagged proteins during IMAC. However, these supports also favor the promotion of undesirable multi-punctual adsorptions and problems may arise for the simple and effective purification of poly-His tagged proteins: (a) more than 30% of the natural proteins contained in crude extracts from E. coli become adsorbed, in addition to our target recombinant protein, on these IMAC supports via multipoint weak adsorptions; (b) the multimeric poly-His tagged enzyme may become adsorbed via several poly-His tags belonging to different subunits. In this way, desorption of the pure enzyme from the support may become quite difficult (e.g., it is not fully desorbed from the support even using 200 mM of imidazole). The coating of these IMAC supports with dextrans greatly reduces these undesired multi-point adsorptions: (i) less than 2% of natural proteins contained in crude extracts are now adsorbed on these novel supports; and (ii) the target multimeric enzyme may be fully desorbed from the support using 60 mM imidazole. In spite of this dramatic reduction of multi-point interactions, this dextran coating hardly affects the rate of the one-point adsorption of poly-His tagged proteins (80% of the rate of adsorption compared to uncoated supports). Therefore, this dextran coating of chromatographic matrices seems to allow the formation of strong one-point adsorptions that involve small areas of the protein and support surface. However, the dextran coating seems to have dramatic effects for the prevention of weak or strong multipoint interactions that should involve a high geometrical congruence between the enzyme and the support surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mateo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Giraldi N, Vidotto O, Navarro IT, Garcia JL. Enteroparasites prevalence among daycare and elementary school children of municipal schools, Rolândia, PR, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2001; 34:385-7. [PMID: 11562735 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822001000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coproparasitological analyses were performed on 191 daycare children and 434 elementary school children from urban and rural areas in Rolândia, Parana State, Brazil. The overall prevalence of enteroparasites was 15.2 % for daycare children and 52.5% for elementary school children. Risk factors are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Giraldi
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Koussémon M, Combet-Blanc Y, Patel BK, Cayol JL, Thomas P, Garcia JL, Ollivier B. Propionibacterium microaerophilum sp. nov., a microaerophilic bacterium isolated from olive mill wastewater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:1373-1382. [PMID: 11491335 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-4-1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, microaerophilic bacterium, designated strain M5T, was isolated from a decantation reservoir of olive mill wastewater. The cells were rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming and catalase-negative. Growth occurred at pH ranging from 4.5 to 9.5, with optimum growth at 7.0. The optimum temperature for growth was around 30 degrees C. Although growth occurred under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, the optimum O2 concentration for growth was determined as 5% in the gas phase of the culture. During anaerobic growth, glucose or lactate were mainly fermented to propionate, acetate and CO2. In the presence of O2 (more than 2%), glucose was oxidized completely to CO2. The G+C content of the DNA was 67.7+/-0.6 mol% and 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that the new isolate belonged to the cluster of 'dairy' propionibacteria, Propionibacterium acidipropionici being its closest phylogenic relative (97.5% similarity). However, the level of DNA relatedness between strain M5T and P. acidipropionici was 56.2%. Consequently, both the phenotypic (range of substrates used) and genotypic characteristics of strain M5T allow it to be assigned as a new species of the genus Propionibacterium, Propionibacterium microaerophilum sp. nov. The type strain is strain M5T (= CNCM I-2360T = DSM 13435T).
Collapse
|
30
|
Fardeau ML, Ollivier B, Garcia JL, Patel BK. Transfer of thermobacteroides leptospartum and Clostridium thermolacticum as Clostridium stercorarium subsp. leptospartum subsp. thermolacticum subsp. nov., comb. nov. and C. stercorarium subsp. thermolacticum subsp. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:1127-1131. [PMID: 11411681 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-3-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
16S rRNA sequencing and sequence analysis of the sole member of the genus Thermobacteroides, Thermobacteroides leptospartum, revealed that it was related to members of cluster III (according to the scheme of Collins et al. 1994) represented exclusively by cellulolytic Clostridium species. Phenotypic studies indicated that Thermobacteroides leptospartum was also able to grow on cellulose, providing further evidence of its affiliation to members of cluster III. Its closest phylogenetic relatives, Clostridium thermolacticum and Clostridium stercorarium, were almost equidistantly placed with a similarity value of 99%. DNA hybridization studies also indicated that Thermobacteroides leptospartum, C. thermolacticum and C. stercorarium were closely related to each other (values of over 95% homology). Similarities based on the comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA homology are sufficiently high to regard all three strains as subspecies of a single species. It is therefore proposed that Thermobacteroides leptospartum and C. thermolacticum be transferred to cluster III as C. stercorarium subsp. leptospartum subsp. nov., comb. nov. and C. stercorarium subsp. thermolacticum subsp. nov., comb. nov., respectively, thus automatically creating C. stercorarium subsp. stercorarium subsp. nov., comb. nov. The transfer of the sole member of Thermobacteroides invalidates the taxonomic status of the genus.
Collapse
|
31
|
Garcia JL, Navarro IT. [Serologic survey for leptospirosis and brucellosis in patients from the rural area of Guaraci County, Parana State, Brazil]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2001; 34:301-2. [PMID: 11460219 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822001000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated patients that were attended at the Health Center of Guaraci Municipality, Paraná State, Brazil. Three (2.6%) patients were leptospirosis positive from a total of 115 samples. No significant statistical differences were observed for risk factors. There was no positive test for brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Garcia
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cuzin N, Ouattara AS, Labat M, Garcia JL. Methanobacterium congolense sp. nov., from a methanogenic fermentation of cassava peel. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:489-493. [PMID: 11321095 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-2-489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain CT, a non-motile, mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic, methanogenic bacterium, was isolated from an anaerobic digester used for the treatment of raw cassava-peel waste in Congo. The cells were rods, 0.4-0.5 x 2-10 microm in size, and stained Gram-positive. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were the only substrates that supported growth and methane production. Methane production, but not growth, occurred with CO2 in the presence of either 2-propanol, 2-butanol or cyclopentanol as hydrogen donors. The temperature range for growth was 25-50 degrees C, the optimum being between 37 and 42 degrees C. The optimum pH for growth was 7.2; consistent growth and methane production were not observed below pH 5.9 or above pH 8.2. The doubling time under optimal growth conditions was 7.5 h. The DNA base composition was 39.5 mol% G+C. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phenotypic characteristics, the isolate is proposed as a new species of the genus Methanobacterium, namely Methanobacterium congolense sp. nov. The type strain is strain CT (= DSM 7095T = OCM 779T).
Collapse
|
33
|
Solé F, Salido M, Espinet B, Garcia JL, Martinez Climent JA, Granada I, Hernández JM, Benet I, Piris MA, Mollejo M, Martinez P, Vallespí T, Domingo A, Serrano S, Woessner S, Florensa L. Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: two cytogenetic subtypes, one with gain of 3q and the other with loss of 7q. Haematologica 2001; 86:71-7. [PMID: 11146574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZBCL) has clinical, immunophenotypic and histologic features distinct from other B-cell malignancies, but few chromosome studies have been previously reported. In the present study we performed conventional cytogenetics and in situ hybridization studies in 47 patients with SMZBCL. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 47 cases of splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma combining conventional cytogenetics and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques using centromeric probes (chromosomes 3 and 12), locus specific probes (7q31 and 17p13) and cross-species color banding fluorescent ISH probes (RxFISH). The diagnosis of SMZBCL was ascertained in all cases after studying, morphologically and immunologically, peripheral blood and splenectomy specimens. RESULTS A clonal chromosome abnormality detected by conventional cytogenetics and/or FISH was found in 33/47 patients (70%) being identified in 18 (18/33, 55%) as a complex abnormality. The most frequently recurrent abnormalities were: gain of 3q (10 cases), del(7q) (12 cases), and involvement of chromosomes 1, 8 and 14. No patient showed translocation t(11;14) (q13;q32) or t(14;18) (q21;q32). Trisomy 3 was detected in eight cases (8/47, 17%). Two novel cytogenetic abnormalities involving 14q32, t(6;14)(p12;q32) and t(10;14) (q24;q32) were reported. Deletion of 17p13 (P53) was observed by FISH in one case. Only one patient showed a gain of 3q or trisomy 3 and deletion 7q in the same karyotype. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the interpretation that two forms of SMZBCL could be considered, one with gain of 3q and the other with deletions at 7q.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Solé
- Laboratori de Citologia Hematològica, Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya, Departament de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, IMAS, IMIM, Passeig Maritim, 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fardeau ML, Magot M, Patel BK, Thomas P, Garcia JL, Ollivier B. Thermoanaerobacter subterraneus sp. nov., a novel thermophile isolated from oilfield water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 6:2141-2149. [PMID: 11155990 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-6-2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new thermophilic, anaerobic glucose-fermenting, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SEBR 7858T, was isolated from an oilfield water sample. Under optimal conditions on a glucose-containing medium (3% NaCl, 65 degrees C and pH 7.5), the generation time was 2.5 h. No growth occurred at 35 or 80 degrees C, nor at pH 5..5 or 9.0. Strain SEBR 7858T possessed lateral flagella. Spores were undetected but heat-resistant forms were present. Strain SEBR 7858T fermented a range of carbohydrates to acetate, L-alanine, lactate, H2 and CO2. The isolate reduced thiosulfate and elemental sulfur, but not sulfate or sulfite to sulfide. In the presence of thiosulfate, the ratio of acetate produced per mole of glucose consumed increased, suggesting a shift in the use of electron acceptors during carbohydrate metabolism. The DNA G+C content was 41 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain was almost equidistantly related to all members of the genus Thermoanaerobacter (mean similarity 92%). Based on phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SEBR 7858T was clearly different from all members of the genus Thermoanaerobacter and was therefore designated as a new species, Thermoanaerobacter subterraneus sp. nov. The type strain is SEBR 7858T (= CNCM 1-2383T, DSM 13054T).
Collapse
|
35
|
Varea J, Saiz JL, López-Zumel C, Monterroso B, Medrano FJ, Arrondo JL, Iloro I, Laynez J, Garcia JL, Menéndez M. Do sequence repeats play an equivalent role in the choline-binding module of pneumococcal LytA amidase? J Biol Chem 2000; 275:26842-55. [PMID: 10849429 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004379200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
LytA amidase breaks down the N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine bonds in the peptidoglycan backbone of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Its polypeptide chain has two modules: the NH(2)-terminal module, responsible for the catalytic activity, and the COOH-terminal module, constructed by six tandem repeats of 20 or 21 amino acids (p1-p6) and a short COOH-terminal tail. The polypeptide chain must contain at least four repeats to efficiently anchor the autolysin to the choline residues of the cell wall. Nevertheless, the catalytic efficiency decreases by 90% upon deletion of the final tail. The structural implications of deleting step by step the two last (p5 and p6) repeats and the final COOH-tail and their effects on choline-amidase interactions have been examined by comparing four truncated mutants with LytA amidase by means of different techniques. Removal of this region has minor effects on secondary structure content but significantly affects the stability of native conformations. The last 11 amino acids and the p5 repeat stabilize the COOH-terminal module; each increases the module transition temperature by about 6 degrees C. Moreover, the p5 motif also seems to participate, in a choline-dependent way, in the stabilization of the NH(2)-terminal module. The effects of choline binding on the thermal stability profile of the mutant lacking the p5 repeat might reflect a cooperative pathway providing molecular communication between the choline-binding module and the NH(2)-terminal region. The three sequence motives favor the choline-amidase interaction, but the tail is an essential factor in the monomer <--> dimer self-association equilibrium of LytA and its regulation by choline. The final tail is required for preferential interaction of choline with LytA dimers and for the existence of different sets of choline-binding sites. The p6 repeat scarcely affects the amidase stability but could provide the proper three-dimensional orientation of the final tail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Varea
- Instituto de Quimica-Fisica "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mechichi T, Fardeau ML, Labat M, Garcia JL, Verhé F, Patel BK. Clostridium peptidivorans sp. nov., a peptide-fermenting bacterium from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 3:1259-1264. [PMID: 10843071 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-3-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new peptide-degrading, strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated strain TMC4T, was isolated from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester. Cells of strain TMC4T were motile, rod-shaped (5-10 x 0.6-1.2 microm), stained Gram-positive and formed terminal to subterminal spores that distended the cells. Optimal growth occurred at 37 degrees C and pH 7 in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0.5% Casamino acids. Arginine, lysine, cysteine, methionine, histidine, serine, isoleucine, yeast extract, peptone, Biotrypcase, gelatin and crotonate also supported growth, but not carbohydrates, organic acids or alcohols. The end-products of degradation were: acetate and butyrate from lysine and crotonate; acetate, butyrate, H2 and CO2 from Biotrypcase, gelatin and peptone; acetate, alanine, H2 and CO2 from cysteine; acetate, H2 and CO2 from serine, cysteine and yeast extract; acetate and formate from histidine; propionate from methionine; methyl 2-butyrate, H2 and CO2 from isoleucine; acetate and ethanol from arginine; and acetate, propionate, butyrate, methyl 2-butyrate, H2 and CO2 from Casamino acids. The DNA G+C content of strain TMC4T was 31 mol%. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that strain TMC4T was a member of the low-G+C-content Gram-positive genus Clostridium, with the closest relative being Clostridium pascui (sequence similarity of 96 %). Due to considerable differences in genomic and phenotypic properties between strain TMC4T and those of its nearest relative, strain TMC4T is proposed as a new species of the genus Clostridium, Clostridium peptidivorans sp. nov. Strain TMC4T has been deposited in the DSMZ as strain DSM 12505T.
Collapse
|
37
|
Defnoun S, Labat M, Ambrosio M, Garcia JL, Patel BK. Papillibacter cinnamivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a cinnamate-transforming bacterium from a shea cake digester. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 3:1221-1228. [PMID: 10843066 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-3-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-sporulating, mesophilic bacterium, designated strain CIN1T (T=type strain) was isolated from an anaerobic digester fed with shea cake rich in tannins and aromatic compounds. Cells of strain CIN1T were rod-shaped, had characteristically pointed ends (1.3-3.0 x 0.5-0.6 microm) and occurred singly, in pairs and sometimes in chains of up to six. The pH range for growth was 6.9-8.5 and the temperature growth range was 15-40 degrees C. Optimum growth occurred with yeast extract and cinnamate at 37 degrees C and a pH of 7.5. The isolate transformed cinnamate by degrading the aliphatic side chain to produce acetate and benzoate rather than by aromatic ring cleavage or demethoxylation. The position of the methoxyl group appears to be important in the degradation of the aliphatic side chain of cinnamate; consequently, 3-methoxycinnamate and 4-methoxycinnamate, but not 2-methoxycinnamate, are transformed to produce acetate and methoxybenzoates, namely 3-methoxybenzoate and 4-methoxybenzoate, respectively. Crotonate is degraded to acetate and butyrate. The G+C content of the DNA is 56 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain CIN1T indicated that it was a member of the low-G+C-containing Gram-positive branch with a specific relationship to Sporobacter termitidis (sequence identity of 88%). The phylogenetic results concur with the phenotypic data which reveals that the isolate is a novel bacterium and, based on these findings, strain CIN1T (= DSM 12816T = ATCC 700879T) has been designated Papillibacter cinnamivorans gen. nov., sp. nov.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Anaerobiosis
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/growth & development
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/metabolism
- Bioreactors
- Cinnamates/metabolism
- Culture Media
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods/classification
- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods/genetics
- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods/growth & development
- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods/metabolism
- Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tannins/metabolism
- Trees
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang CY, Garcia JL, Patel BK, Cayol JL, Baresi L, Mah RA. Salinivibrio costicola subsp. vallismortis subsp. nov., a halotolerant facultative anaerobe from Death Valley, and emended description of Salinivibrio costicola. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 2:615-622. [PMID: 10758867 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-2-615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain DVT, a halotolerant, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, was isolated from a hypersaline pond located in Death Valley, California. The cells were non-spore-forming, motile, curved rods (1.0-1.8 x 0.5-0.6 microns) and occurred singly, in pairs or rarely in chains. Strain DVT was oxidase-, catalase-, Voges-Proskauer-, amylase-, gelatinase- and lipase-positive and indole-negative. Nitrate, sulfate and fumarate were not used as electron acceptors. Carbohydrates served as energy sources both aerobically and anaerobically. Strain DVT grew optimally at 37 degrees C (temperature range 20-50 degrees C) with 2.5% NaCl (NaCl range 0-12.5%) and pH 7.3 (pH range of 5.5-8.5) in a glucose/yeast extract medium with a doubling time of 20 min (aerobically) or 41 min (anaerobically). The end products of glucose fermentation were ethanol, isobutyrate, propionate, lactate, formate and CO2. Strain DVT was resistant to penicillin, D-cycloserine, streptomycin and tetracycline (200 micrograms ml-1). The G + C content was 50 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it was closely related to Salinivibrio costicola (97.7%) and this was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization (93% relatedness). However, phenotypic characteristics such as halotolerance, gas production, growth at 50 degrees C, antibiotic resistance, sugar-utilization spectrum and phylogenetic signatures are sufficiently different from Salinivibrio costicola to warrant designating strain DVT as a new subspecies of Salinivibrio costicola, Salinivibrio costicola subsp. vallismortis subsp. nov. (= DSM 8285T).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- California
- Culture Media
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sodium Chloride
- Vibrionaceae/classification
- Vibrionaceae/cytology
- Vibrionaceae/isolation & purification
- Vibrionaceae/physiology
- Water Microbiology
Collapse
|
39
|
Cayol JL, Ducerf S, Patel BK, Garcia JL, Thomas P, Ollivier B. Thermohalobacter berrensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, strictly halophilic bacterium from a solar saltern. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 2:559-564. [PMID: 10758861 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-2-559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new thermophilic, strictly halophilic, anaerobic, non-sporulating rod-shaped bacterium, measuring 0.5 x 3.0-8.0 microns and designated strain CTT3T, was isolated from a solar saltern. Strain CTT3T stained Gram-negative, was motile by means of laterally inserted flagella, had a genome G + C content of 33 mol% and grew optimally at 65 degrees C and pH 7.0 with 5% NaCl. The strain also grew readily at 70 degrees C in the presence of 15% NaCl. Strain CTT3T fermented cellobiose, fructose, glucose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sucrose, glycerol, N-acetylglucosamine, starch, pyruvate and bio-Trypticase. It produced acetate, ethanol, H2 and presumably CO2 from glucose. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it is a member of cluster XII of the Clostridiales and related genera of the subphylum of the Gram-positive bacteria containing genomes of low G + C content. Its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics clearly differentiated it from all other members of this cluster. Based on the findings it is proposed that strain CTT3T be designated as a new species of a new genus, Thermohalobacter berrensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is CTT3T (= CNCM 105955T).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Base Composition
- Culture Media
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods/classification
- Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods/cytology
- Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods/isolation & purification
- Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Temperature
Collapse
|
40
|
Joulian C, Patel BK, Ollivier B, Garcia JL, Roger PA. Methanobacterium oryzae sp. nov., a novel methanogenic rod isolated from a Philippines ricefield. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 2:525-528. [PMID: 10758856 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-2-525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rod (0.3-0.4 micron x 3-10 microns) to filamentous (up to 40 microns) non-motile methanogenic bacterium, designated strain FPiT (T = type strain), was isolated from ricefield soil in the Philippines. The strain uses H2 + CO2 or formate for growth and produces CH4. Optimum growth temperature is 40 degrees C; no growth is observed at 15 degrees C or 45 degrees C. Optimum pH for growth is 7; no growth is observed at pH 5.5 or 9.0. Strain FPiT is halotolerant and grows at NaCl concentrations of 0-25 g l-1. The G + C content of its DNA is 31 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as a new species of the genus Methanobacterium: Methanobacterium oryzae sp. nov. The type strain is FPiT (= DSM 11106T).
Collapse
|
41
|
Baena S, Fardeau ML, Labat M, Ollivier B, Garcia JL, Patel BK. Aminobacterium mobile sp. nov., a new anaerobic amino-acid-degrading bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 1:259-264. [PMID: 10826812 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-1-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, curved (0.3 x 4.0-5.0 microm), Gram-negative, non-sporulating, mesophilic bacterium, designated strain ILE-3T (T = type strain), was isolated from an anaerobic lagoon in a dairy wastewater treatment plant. Optimal growth occurred at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 on a medium containing serine as an energy source and yeast extract. The strain was motile by means of one or two lateral flagella. It required yeast extract for growth on serine, glycine, threonine and pyruvate. Poor growth was obtained on cysteine, Casamino acids, biotrypcase, peptone and 2-oxoglutarate. In the presence of Methanobacterium formicicum, strain ILE-3T oxidized alanine, glutamate, leucine, isoleucine, valine and aspartate to a minor extent. The G+C content of the DNA was 44 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of strain ILE-3T indicated that it was related to Aminobacterium colombiense (95% similarity value). On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain ILE-3T is designated as a new species of the genus Aminobacterium, namely Aminobacterium mobile sp. nov. (= DSM 12262T).
Collapse
|
42
|
Garcia JL, Navarro IT, Ogawa L, de Oliveira RC, de Faria Garcia SM, Leite J. [Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis and ocular evaluation by Amsler grid in patients from the rural area treated at the Jaguapitã county health center, Paraná State, Brazil]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1999; 32:671-6. [PMID: 10881104 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821999000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we collected serum from 82 randomly selected patients from a rural area in Jaguapitã county, Paraná State. All sera were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect IgG antibodies against T. gondii. Serum titers >/=+ 16 were considered positive. Of the 82 evaluated sera, 68 (82.9%) were positive to toxoplasmosis and 14 (17.1%) were non-reactive. The most common titers found were 64 (23/33.8%) and 256 (16/23.5%), the highest titer being 4096 (8/11.8%). The 82 patients were also evaluated by the Amsler Grid test, with 22 (26.8%) patients presenting at least one alteration in this test. Masculinity was found to be a protection factor in the Amsler grid test (OR = 0.21 0.04 < OR < 0. 86 chi2 = 4,98 p = 0,02). There were no significant statistical differences related to the epidemiological investigation. We concluded that T. gondii has a wide distribution in the population studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Garcia
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e de Serviço Social, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mechichi T, Labat M, Garcia JL, Thomas P, Patel BK. Sporobacterium olearium gen. nov., sp. nov., a new methanethiol-producing bacterium that degrades aromatic compounds, isolated from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49 Pt 4:1741-8. [PMID: 10555356 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-49-4-1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A strictly chemo-organotrophic, anaerobic bacterium was isolated from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester on syringate and designated strain SR1T. The cells were slightly curved rods, stained Gram-positive and possessed terminal spores. Strain SR1T utilized crotonate, methanol and a wide range of aromatic compounds including 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB), 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (TMC), syringate, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetate (TMPA), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylpropionate (TMPP), ferulate, sinapate, vanillate, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate, 2,3-dimethoxybenzoate, gallate, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate (THB), pyrogallol, phloroglucinol and quercetin as carbon and energy sources. Acetate and butyrate were produced from aromatic compounds, methanol and crotonate whereas methanethiol (MT) was produced from methoxylated aromatic compounds and methanol. Strain SR1T had a G + C content of 38 mol% and grew optimally between 37 and 40 degrees C at pH 7.2 on a crotonate-containing medium. Phylogenetically, strain SR1T was a member of cluster XIVa of the Clostridiales group and shared a sequence similarity of 90% with Clostridum aminovalericum and Eubacterium fissicatena. Consequently, its precise neighbourliness to any one of them depended on the selection of strains of the cluster. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence presented in this paper, the designation of strain SR1T as Sporobacterium olearium gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SR1T (= DSM 12504T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mechichi
- Laboratoire ORSTOM de Microbiologie des Anaérobies, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
A new xylanolytic bacterium designated strain HESP1T (T = type strain) was isolated from a methanogenic digester. Strain HESP1T was a motile, rod shaped, spore-forming bacterium, which possessed a Gram-positive type cell wall. Glucose, fructose, lactose, trehalose, maltose, raffinose, sucrose, xylan, mannitol, cellobiose, galactose, mannose, melibiose, ribose were fermented to produce, acetate, butyrate, H2, CO2, formate, isobutyrate, and ethanol. Fumarate was fermented to acetate. Glycerol and methanol were also utilized. Sulfate, thiosulfate, nitrate, sulfur and fumarate were not used as electron acceptors. Strain HESP1T had a G + C content of 40 mol% and grew optimally at 37 degrees C and pH 7 on a fructose containing medium. Phylogenetically, strain HESP1T was most related to Clostridium aminovalericum (similarity of 94%) than to C. populeti, C. herbivorans and Eubacterium xylanophilum (average similarity of 92%), all members of subcluster XIVa of the low G + C containing Gram-positive branch. However, strain HESP1T shared little phenotypic and genotypic traits with C. aminovalericum and on the basis of this and phylogenetic evidence, we propose to tentatively designate strain HESP1T as a new species of the genus Clostridium, Clostridium xylanovorans sp. nov. The type strain is HESP1T (= DSM 12503).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mechichi
- Laboratoire ORSTOM de Microbiologic des Anaérobies, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Garcia JL, Navarro IT, Ogawa L, de Oliveira RC, Kobilka E. [Seroprevalence, epidemiology and ocular evaluation of human toxoplasmosis in the rural zone Jauguapitã (Paraná) Brazil]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 1999; 6:157-63. [PMID: 10517092 DOI: 10.1590/s1020-49891999000800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a protozoal zoonosis common among a great variety of species worldwide. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of toxoplasmosis among 345 residents in a rural area in Jagupitã municipality, Paraná state, Brazil. The frequency of titers in human serum samples was compared with the frequency of titers found in 1,420 samples obtained from various animal species with which local residents came into contact. Titers > or = 16 were considered positive. The highest titer found was 65,536 (1%), and the most frequent titer levels were 256 (29%) and 1,024 (19%). The comparisons between humans and animals revealed a positive and significant correlation between humans and felines (r = 0.78; P = 0.01) and humans and canines (r = 0.64; P = 0.05) in terms of titer distribution. Study participants were also tested with the Amsler grid. Seventy-five of the 345 people (22%) reported some type of ocular degradation. Of these 75, 58 of them (77%) were seropositive for toxoplasmosis. Forty-one of these 58 people underwent an ophthalmologic exam. Of these 41, 9 of them, who were between 34 and 78 years old, presented lesions characteristic of healed chorioretinitis, suggesting ocular toxoplasmosis. None of the 9 had ocular inflammation. Six of the 9 patients (67%) had unilateral lesions; 4 of these 6 presented a titer level of 256. The epidemiological survey showed that the probability of presenting ocular problems was 2.06 times as great for reactive patients as for nonreactive ones. No significant differences were observed in terms of sex, contact with felines or other animals, consumption of raw or rare meat and raw milk, and slaughtering of animals for personal consumption. Our results suggest that toxoplasmosis is common in the region, with a significant incidence of ocular lesions caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Health authorities should increase their monitoring and control activities in order to decrease the risk of toxoplasmic infections, especially among pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Garcia
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Baena S, Fardeau ML, Ollivier B, Labat M, Thomas P, Garcia JL, Patel BK. Aminomonas paucivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic, anaerobic, amino-acid-utilizing bacterium. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49 Pt 3:975-82. [PMID: 10425753 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-49-3-975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel, asaccharolytic, amino-acid-degrading bacterium, designated strain GLU-3T, was isolated from an anaerobic lagoon of a dairy wastewater treatment plant. Strain GLU-3T stained Gram-negative and was an obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, slightly curved, rod-shaped bacterium (0.3 x 4.0-6.0 microns) which existed singly or in pairs. The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. Optimum growth occurred at 35 degrees C and pH 7.5 on arginine with a generation time of 16 h. Good growth was obtained on arginine, histidine, threonine and glycine. Acetate was the end-product formed from all these substrates, but in addition, a trace of formate was detected from arginine and histidine, and ornithine was produced from arginine. Strain GLU-3T grew slowly on glutamate and produced acetate, carbon dioxide, formate, hydrogen and traces of propionate as the end-products. In syntrophic association with Methanobacterium formicicum, strain GLU-3T oxidized arginine, histidine and glutamate to give propionate as the major product; acetate, carbon dioxide and methane were also produced. Strain GLU-3T did not degrade alanine and the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine either in pure culture or in association with M. formicicum. The nearest phylogenetic relative of strain GLU-3T was the thermophile Selenomonas acidaminovorans (similarity value of 89.5%). As strain GLU-3T is phylogenetically, physiologically and genotypically different from other amino-acid-degrading genera, it is proposed that it should be designated a new species of a new genus Aminomonas paucivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. (DSM 12260T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Baena
- Laboratoire ORSTOM de Microbiologie des Anaérobies, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mechichi T, Labat M, Patel BK, Woo TH, Thomas P, Garcia JL. Clostridium methoxybenzovorans sp. nov., a new aromatic o-demethylating homoacetogen from an olive mill wastewater treatment digester. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49 Pt 3:1201-9. [PMID: 10425780 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A strictly anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium (3.0-5.0 x 0.4-0.8 microns), designated strain SR3T (T = type strain), which stained Gram-positive and possessed a Gram-positive type cell wall was isolated from a methanogenic pilot-scale digester fed with olive mill wastewater (Sfax, Tunisia). It utilized a number of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sorbose, galactose, myo-inositol, sucrose, lactose, cellobiose), organic compounds (lactate, betaine, sarcosine, dimethylglycine, methanethiol, dimethylsulfide), alcohol (methanol) and all methoxylated aromatic compounds only in the presence of yeast extract (0.1%). The end products from carbohydrate fermentation were H2, CO2, formate, acetate and ethanol, that from lactate was methanol, those from methoxylated aromatics were acetate and butyrate, and that from betaine, sarcosine, dimethylglycine, methanethiol and dimethylsulfide was only acetate. Strain SR3T was non-motile, had a G+C content of 44 mol% and grew optimally at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 on a glucose-containing medium. Phylogenetically, the closest relatives of strain SR3T were the non-methoxylated aromatic-degrading Clostridium xylanolyticum, Clostridium aerotolerans, Clostridium sphenoides and Clostridium celerecrescens (mean similarity of 98%). On the basis of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of the isolate, it is proposed to designate strain SR3T as Clostridium methoxybenzovorans sp. nov. The type strain is SR3T (= DSM 12182T).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- Bioreactors
- Clostridium/classification
- Clostridium/growth & development
- Clostridium/isolation & purification
- Clostridium/metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Gallic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- Gallic Acid/metabolism
- Genotype
- Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/metabolism
- Industrial Waste
- Methylation
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Olive Oil
- Phenotype
- Phylogeny
- Plant Oils
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Waste Disposal, Fluid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mechichi
- Laboratoire ORSTOM de Microbiologie des Anaérobies, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ravot G, Magot M, Fardeau ML, Patel BK, Thomas P, Garcia JL, Ollivier B. Fusibacter paucivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thiosulfate-reducing bacterium from an oil-producing well. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49 Pt 3:1141-7. [PMID: 10425772 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-49-3-1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A strictly anaerobic, halotolerant, spindle-shaped rod, designated strain SEBR 4211T, was isolated from an African saline oil-producing well. Cells stain Gram-positive, which was confirmed by electron microscopy observations. Strain SEBR 4211T was motile by means of one to four peritrichous flagella, had a G+C content of 43 mol% and grew optimally at 37 degrees C, pH 7.3, with 0 to 3% (w/v) NaCl. It utilized a limited number of carbohydrates (cellobiose, glucose, fructose, mannitol and ribose) and produced acetate, butyrate, CO2 and H2 as end products from glucose fermentation. It reduced thiosulfate to sulfide. In the presence of thiosulfate, a decrease in butyrate and an increase in acetate production was observed. Phylogenetically, strain SEBR 4211T was related to members of the low G+C Clostridiales order with Clostridium halophilum as the closest relative (16S rDNA sequence similarity of 90%). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of the isolate, it is proposed to designate it as a new species of a new genus, Fusibacter gen. nov., as Fusibacter paucivorans sp. nov. The type strain is SEBR 4211T (= DSM 12116T).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/cytology
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/physiology
- Base Composition
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genotype
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/cytology
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Gram-Positive Bacteria/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Petroleum
- Phenotype
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Thiosulfates/metabolism
- Water Microbiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ravot
- Laboratoire ORSTOM de Microbiologie des Anaérobies, Université de Provence, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Merino G, Alvarez AI, Redondo PA, Garcia JL, Larrodé OM, Prieto JG. Bioavailability of albendazole sulphoxide after netobimin administration in sheep: effects of fenbendazole coadministration. Res Vet Sci 1999; 66:281-3. [PMID: 10333473 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.1998.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After oral co-administration of two dosages of netobimin (7.5 and 20 mg kg-1 with fenbendazole (1.1 mg kg-1) to Merino sheep, the AUC0-infinity of albendazole sulphoxide at the lower dosage of netobimin, was significantly increased (75.5 per cent) from control value (34.43 +/- 7.91 versus 60.33 +/- 11.93 microg h ml-1). The pharmacokinetic parameters MRT and T1/2 were also increased: 18.96 +/- 2.54 vs 26.44 +/- 4.69 h and 10.31 +/- 1.72 vs 22.28 +/- 6.75 h respectively. No data corresponding to the higher dosage of netobimin (20 mg kg-1) were statistically different from control values. It is concluded that fenbendazole increases the bioavailability of albendazole sulphoxide in sheep at the 7.5 mg kg-1 dosage, and this may produce a potentiated anthelmintic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Merino
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology. Faculty of Veterinary., University of León, León, E24071, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Redondo PA, Alvarez AI, Garcia JL, Larrodé OM, Merino G, Prieto JG. Presystemic metabolism of albendazole: experimental evidence of an efflux process of albendazole sulfoxide to intestinal lumen. Drug Metab Dispos 1999; 27:736-40. [PMID: 10348805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) presystemic clearance was studied in rat by perfusion of a 25 microM ABZ solution in isolated intestinal loops. Significant secretion of the active metabolite, ABZSO, into the lumen was observed. The metabolite was also present in mesenteric blood. After 30 min of intestinal perfusion, 64% of the ABZ dose had disappeared from lumen. The total amount of ABZSO measured was 0.341 +/- 0.04 nmol/cm with 0.176 +/- 0.03 nmol/cm in mesenteric blood. The metabolite secretion to intestinal lumen was 0.165 +/- 0.05 nmol/cm. Intestinal sulfoxidation was induced by repeated administration of ABZ and ABZ coadministered with surfactants, especially polysorbate 80. The enantioselectivity of the in vitro intestinal sulfoxidation of ABZ showed that the relative contribution of P-450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase was quite similar, but after the induction by ABZ coadministered with polysorbate 80, the cytochrome P-450 system contribution was significantly increased. The appearance of ABZSO in mesenteric blood clearance was also increased under these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Redondo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of León, León, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|