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Pittet LF, Moore CL, McDonald E, Barry S, Bonten M, Campbell J, Croda J, Dalcolmo M, Davidson A, Douglas MW, Gardiner K, Gwee A, Jardim B, Lacerda MV, Lucas M, Lynn DJ, Manning L, de Oliveira RD, Perrett KP, Prat-Aymerich C, Richmond PC, Rocha JL, Rodriguez-Baño J, Warris A, Wood NJ, Messina NL, Curtis N. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination for protection against recurrent herpes labialis: a nested randomised controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102203. [PMID: 37719417 PMCID: PMC10500555 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrences of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the orofacial region (herpes labialis or cold sores) impact quality-of-life. We aimed to study whether the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can attenuate cold sore recurrences through off-target immunomodulatory effects. Methods In this nested randomised controlled trial within the multicentre, phase 3 BRACE trial, 6828 healthcare workers were randomised in 36 sites in Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Brazil, to receive BCG-Denmark or no BCG (1:1 ratio using a web-based procedure) and followed for 12 months with 3-monthly questionnaires. Exclusion criteria included contraindication to BCG vaccine or previous vaccination with BCG within the past year, any other live-attenuated vaccine within the last month, or any COVID-specific vaccine. The intervention group received one intradermal dose of 0.1 mL of BCG-Denmark corresponding to 2-8 x 105 colony forming units of Mycobacterium bovis, Danish strain 1331. The primary outcome was the difference in restricted mean survival time (i.e., time to first cold-sore recurrence), in participants with frequent recurrent herpes labialis (≥4 recurrences/year), analysed by intention-to-treat. Secondary outcomes addressed additional questions, including analyses in other sub-populations. Adverse events were monitored closely during the first 3 months and were reported in all participants who received one dose of study drug according to intervention received. The BRACE trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04327206. Findings Between March 30, 2020 and February 18, 2021, 84 individuals with frequent recurrent cold sores were randomly assigned to BCG (n = 38) or control (n = 46). The average time to first cold-sore recurrence was 1.55 months longer in the BCG group (95% CI 0.27-2.82, p = 0.02) than the control group (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.91; intention-to-treat). The beneficial effect of BCG was greater in the as-treated population (difference 1.91 months, 95% CI 0.69-3.12, p = 0.003; hazard ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.76). In prespecified subgroup analyses, only sex modified the treatment effect (interaction p = 0.007), with benefit restricted to males. Over 12 months, a greater proportion of participants in the BCG group compared with the control group reported a decrease in duration (61% vs 21%), severity (74% vs 21%), frequency (55% vs 21%), and impact on quality of life (42% vs 15%) of cold sore recurrences. In participants who had ever had a cold sore, there was also a decrease in self-reported burden of recurrences in the BCG group. In participants who had never had a cold sore, there was an increased risk of a first episode in the BCG group (risk difference 1.4%; 95% CI 0.3-2.6%, p = 0.02). There were no safety concerns. Interpretation BCG-Denmark vaccination had a beneficial effect on herpes labialis, particularly in males with frequent recurrences, but may increase the risk of a first cold sore. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Minderoo Foundation, Sarah and Lachlan Murdoch, the Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Health Services Union NSW, the Peter Sowerby Foundation, SA Health, the Insurance Advisernet Foundation, the NAB Foundation, the Calvert-Jones Foundation, the Modara Pines Charitable Foundation, the UHG Foundation Pty Ltd, Epworth Healthcare, and individual donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure F. Pittet
- Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology, Vaccinology, and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obsterics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia L. Moore
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Children's Trial Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellie McDonald
- Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Barry
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marc Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - John Campbell
- Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Croda
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Margareth Dalcolmo
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Curicica, Brazil
- Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrew Davidson
- Melbourne Children's Trial Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark W. Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaya Gardiner
- Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Operations, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Gwee
- Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruno Jardim
- Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus V.G. Lacerda
- Institute of Clinical Research Carlos Borborema, Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Manaus, Brazil
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Michaela Lucas
- Department of Immunology, Pathwest, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David J. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Laurens Manning
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Roberto D. de Oliveira
- Nursing Course, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Kirsten P. Perrett
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Children's Trial Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristina Prat-Aymerich
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter C. Richmond
- Department of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jorge L. Rocha
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Curicica, Brazil
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Baño
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, University of Seville, Biomedicines Institute of Seville-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carloss III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adilia Warris
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Wood
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Disease, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Messina
- Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Matos T, Rocha JL, Faria CL, Martins MS, Henriques R, Goncalves LM. Development of an automated sensor for in-situ continuous monitoring of streambed sediment height of a waterway. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:152164. [PMID: 34875333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sedimentary processes play a major role in every aquatic ecosystem, however, there are few automated options for in-situ monitoring of sediment displacement in the streambed of waterways. We present an automated optical instrument for in-situ continuous monitoring of sediment deposition and erosion of the streambed that requires no calibration. With a production cost of 32€, power consumption of 300 μA in sleep mode, and capacity to monitor the bedform of a waterway, the sensor was developed to evaluate the sediment dynamics of coastal areas with a wide spatial and temporal resolution. The novel device is intended to be buried in the sand and uses 32 infrared channels to monitor the streambed sediment height. For testing purposes, a maximum measuring length of 160 mm and 5 mm resolution was chosen, but these values are scalable. Sensors can be built with different ranges and precision according to the needs of the fieldwork. A laboratory experiment was conducted to demonstrate the working principle of the instrument and its behaviour regarding the turbidity originated by suspended sediment and the settling and deposition of the suspended particles. The device was deployed for 119 days in an estuarine area and was able to detect patterns in the sediment deposition and resuspension during the tidal cycles. Also, abnormal events occurred during the experiment as floods and algae blooms. During these events, the sensor was able to record exceptional erosion and sediment deposition rates. The reported automated instrument can be broadly used in sedimentary studies or management and planning of fluvial and maritime infrastructures to provide real-time information about the changes in the bedform of the watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matos
- MEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - J L Rocha
- MEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C L Faria
- MEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M S Martins
- MEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Renato Henriques
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - L M Goncalves
- MEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
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Zhang J, Nie D, Williamson K, Rocha JL, Hogan MV, Wang JHC. Selectively activated PRP exerts differential effects on tendon stem/progenitor cells and tendon healing. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731418820034. [PMID: 30728936 PMCID: PMC6351965 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418820034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the variable efficacy with platelet rich plasma (PRP) treatments for tendon injury, we determined the differential effects of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)1- or PAR4-activated PRP (PAR1-PRP, PAR4-PRP) from humans on human patellar tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSCs) and tendon healing. We show that PAR1-PRP released VEGF, whereas PAR4-PRP released endostatin. Treatment of TSCs with PAR1-PRP increased collagen I expression and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), but cells treated with PAR4-PRP increased less collagen I and higher MMP-2 expression. The wound area treated with PAR4-PRP formed tendon-like tissues with well-organized collagen fibers and fewer blood vessels, while PAR1-PRP treatment resulted in the formation of blood vessels and unhealed tissues. These findings indicate that differential activation of PRP leads to different effects on TSCs and tendon healing. We suggest that based on acute or chronic type of tendon injury, selective activation of PRP should be applied in clinics in order to treat injured tendons successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Zhang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daibang Nie
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Williamson
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorge L Rocha
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - MaCalus V Hogan
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James H-C Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ewalefo SO, Dombrowski M, Hirase T, Rocha JL, Weaver M, Kline A, Carney D, Hogan MV. Management of Posttraumatic Ankle Arthritis: Literature Review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2018; 11:546-557. [PMID: 30327933 PMCID: PMC6220012 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-018-9525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Trauma is the principle cause of osteoarthritis in the ankle, which is associated with significant morbidity. This review highlights the current literature for the purpose of bringing the reader up-to-date on the management of posttraumatic ankle arthritis, describing treatment efficacy, indications, contraindications, and complications. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies on osteoarthritis have demonstrated variability among anatomic locations regarding the mechanisms and rates of development for posttraumatic osteoarthritis, which are attributed to newly discovered biological differences intrinsic to each joint. Regarding surgical management of posttraumatic ankle arthritis, osteochondral allograft transplantation of the talus, and supramalleolar osteotomies have demonstrated promising results. Additionally, the outpatient setting was found to be appropriate for managing pain following total ankle arthroplasty, associated with low complication rates and no readmission. Management for posttraumatic ankle arthritis is generally progressive. Initial treatment entails nonpharmacologic options with surgery reserved for posttraumatic ankle arthritis refractory to conservative treatment. Patient demographics and lifestyles should be carefully considered when formulating a management strategy, as outcomes are dependent upon the satisfaction of each set of respective criteria. Ultimately, the management of posttraumatic ankle arthritis should be individualized to satisfy the needs and desires, which are specific to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O Ewalefo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.
| | - Malcolm Dombrowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi Hirase
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge L Rocha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell Weaver
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex Kline
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dwayne Carney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - MaCalus V Hogan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zhang J, Nie D, Rocha JL, Hogan MV, Wang JHC. Characterization of the structure, cells, and cellular mechanobiological response of human plantar fascia. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418801103. [PMID: 30302189 PMCID: PMC6170959 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418801103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report that human plantar fascia consists of two distinct tissues with differential structural properties. These tissues also contain stem/progenitor cells with differential biological properties. The mechanobiological responses of these two plantar fascia stem cells also differ in terms of expression of collagen I and IV, non-ligament-related genes, and proinflammatory genes. The production of inflammatory agents (prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6) and matrix degradative enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2) are also different between the two types of plantar fascia stem cells. Based on the findings from this study, we suggest that plantar fasciitis results from the aberrant mechanobiological responses of the stem cells from plantar fascia sheath and core tissues. Our findings may also be used to devise tissue engineering approaches to treat plantar fascia injury effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Zhang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daibang Nie
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorge L Rocha
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - MaCalus V Hogan
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James H-C Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Dalcolmo M, Gayoso R, Sotgiu G, D'Ambrosio L, Rocha JL, Borga L, Fandinho F, Braga J, Galesi VM, Barreira D, Sanchez DA, Dockhorn F, Centis R, Caminero JA, Migliori G. Effectiveness and safety of clofazimine in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a nationwide report from Brazil. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1602445. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02445-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although clofazimine is used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), there is scant information on its effectiveness and safety. The aim of this retrospective, observational study was to evaluate these factors as well as the tolerability of clofazimine in populations in Brazil, where it was administered at a daily dose of 100 mg·day−1 (body weight ≥45 kg) as part of a standardised MDR-TB treatment regimen until 2006 (thereafter pyrazinamide was used).All MDR-TB patients included in the Sistema de Informação de Tratamentos Especiais da Tuberculose (SITETB) individual electronic register were analysed. The effectiveness of clofazimine was assessed by comparing the treatment outcomes of patients undergoing clofazimine-containing regimens against those undergoing clofazimine-free regimens and its safety by describing clofazimine-attributed adverse events. A total of 1446 patients were treated with clofazimine-containing regimens and 1096 with pyrazinamide-containing regimens.Although success rates were similar in patients treated with clofazimine versus those treated with pyrazinamide (880 out of 1446, 60.9%, versus 708 out of 1096, 64.6%; p=0.054), clofazimine-treated cases exhibited higher death rates due to tuberculosis than pyrazinamide-treated ones (314 out of 1446, 21.7%, versus 120 out of 1096, 10.9%) but fewer failures (78 out of 1446, 5.4%, versus 95 out of 1096, 8.7%) and less loss to follow-up (144 out of 1446, 10.0%, versus 151 out of 1096, 13.8%). No relevant differences were detected when comparing adverse events in patients treated with clofazimine-containing regimens to those treated with clofazimine-free regimens. However, the incidence of side-effects was less than previously reported (gastro-intestinal complaints: 10.5%; hyper-pigmentation: 50.2%; neurological disturbances: 9–13%).
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Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Bosques-Padilla F, Daffra P, De Paula JA, Etchevers J, Galiano MT, Ibañez P, Juliao F, Kotze PG, Marroquín de la Garza JM, Monreal Robles R, Rocha JL, Steinwurz F, Vázquez-Frías R, Veitia G, Zaltman C. Special situations in inflammatory bowel disease: First Latin American consensus of the Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (PANCCO) (Second part). Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2017; 82:134-155. [PMID: 28318706 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This is the first Latin American Consensus of the Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (PANCCO) regarding special situations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this consensus is to raise awareness in the medical community in all Latin American countries with respect to pregnancy, vaccinations, infections, neoplasms, including colorectal cancer, and pediatric issues in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Yamamoto-Furusho
- Clínica de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - F Bosques-Padilla
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - P Daffra
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J A De Paula
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Etchevers
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M T Galiano
- Clínica de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Clínica Marly, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P Ibañez
- Programa de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Juliao
- Clínica de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
| | - P G Kotze
- Hospital Universitario Cajuru, Universidad Católica del Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brasil
| | - J M Marroquín de la Garza
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - R Monreal Robles
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - J L Rocha
- Grupo Académico y de Investigación en Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa Crónica Idiopática de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F Steinwurz
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - R Vázquez-Frías
- Departamento de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - G Veitia
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - C Zaltman
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Río de Janeiro, Brasil
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Hogan MV, Hicks JH, Engineering B, Rocha JL, Li H, Wang Y, Huard J. Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 via Coacervate. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2473011416s00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Currently, there is no cure for osteoarthritis (OA) with treatment aimed at symptom relief and improved function. Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) have been shown to exhibit long-term proliferation, high self-renewal, and can undergo chondrogenic differentiation when cultivated in chondrogenic medium in vitro and can differentiate into chondrocytes and repair injured articular cartilage (AC) in vivo. MDSCs retrovirally transduce to express chondrogenic proteins (BMPs) to differentiate into chondrocytes and enhance cartilage repair in vivo. Gene therapy is a promising approach to promote the chondrogenic potentials of MDSCs for AC repair. We have developed a unique sustained growth factor delivery platform comprised of native heparin and a synthetic polycation incorporated with BMP2 (BMP2 coacervate) which can sustain delivery of BMPs to stimulate the chondrogenesis of MDSCs for AC repair. Methods: MDSC were stimulated in vitro with single dose of free BMP2, multi-dose BMP2, BMP2 coacervate, coacervate alone (vehicle only), or in the absence of BMP2 and coacervate (control). BMP2 effects on MDSCs were evaluated by RT-PCR. 20μl of a MIA solution was injected into the knee joint of C57B6 mice to induce osteoarthritic lesions. Two weeks after MIA injection, 20μl of PBS (PBS control), 1×106 MDSCs with 1μg of free BMP2 (MDSC-free BMP), or MDSCs with 1μg BMP2-coacervate (MDSC- BMP coacervate) were injected into the knee joints of the OA injured mice. After 4 weeks, macroscopic and histologic evaluations of cartilage regeneration were conducted. Results: mRNA expression of Aggrecan and Col2A were significantly higher in each BMP2 group compared to control or vehicle only (P < 0.05). Multi-dosage free BMP2 demonstrated significantly higher Aggrecan expression compared to single dose free BMP2 (p < 0.05). Col2A and aggrecan expression in the BMP coacervate group was superior to both single and mult-dose free BMP2 delivery (p < 0.05) (Fig 1A). Histologic examination demonstrated superior cartilage repair and integration in the BMP2 coacervate group (Fig. 1B). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that sustained growth factor delivery (BMP2) is a potential therapeutic option for muscle- derived stem cell based cartilage regeneration for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Prolonged delivery of BMP2 via coacervate led to enhanced MDSC chondrogenesis in vivo and improved cartilage regeneration in vivo. Our results demonstrate an effective method for prolonged exposure to BMP2 and is more clinically translatable.
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Zhang J, Rocha JL, Hicks JH, McLane M, Wang JHC, Hogan MV. The Effects Of Protease-Activated Receptors 1 And 4 In Human Platelet Activation And Inflammation. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2473011416s00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Tendon injuries occur frequently and cost billions of health care dollars annually. Recently, there has been an increase in the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to treat tendon injuries. However, the efficacy of PRP treatment is controversial due to inconsistent results from human clinical trials. It is thought that variations in PRP preparation contribute to these inconsistencies. Specifically, platelets in PRP contain pro-angiogenic (e.g. VEGF) or anti-angiogenic (e.g. endostatin) factors, which may differentially affect the healing of tendon injuries. It is known that these factors are selectively released after platelet activation by specific receptors. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effect of protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 (PAR1 and PAR4) in platelet activation and inflammation. Methods: Platelet preparation – Human blood was obtained from 12 healthy donors and 9 ml of blood was mixed with 1 ml of 3.8% sodium citrate and centrifuged at 500g for 10 min. Then, the supernatant (PRP) without the buffy coat was centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min and the resulting pellet was washed in Tyrodes-HEPES buffer and centrifuged for 10 min at 1000g. Finally, platelets in the pellet was suspended in Tyrodes-HEPES buffer and used in experiments. Platelet activation – About 100 μl of platelet from above was activated with 5 μl 1 mM PAR1-activating peptide (PAR1-AP) or PAR4-activating peptide (PAR4-AP) at 25°C for 10 min. Then, the mixture was centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min, and the levels of VEGF, endostatin, IL-1RA and HMGB-1in the supernatant was determined by ELISA. Platelets without activators were used as controls. Results: PAR1 induced angiogenic effects in human platelets. PAR1 activated platelets released 3 times more VEGF than when activated with PAR4 (Fig. 1A). However, PAR4 activated platelets released 7 times more endostatin than the PAR1 activated platelets (Fig. 1B). Further, PAR1 induced anti-inflammatory effects in human platelets; it did not change IL-1R-A (Fig. 2A) but decreased HMGB-1 levels (Fig. 2B). In contrast, PAR4 stimulated inflammatory effects in human platelets by lowering IL-1-RA and increasing HMGB-1 levels. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that PAR1 induces angiogenetic and anti-inflammatory effects in human platelets, while PAR4 has anti-angiogenetic and inflammatory effects. Of significance is HMGB-1, which is constitutively expressed in the nuclei of most mammalian cells. Under cellular stress, HMGB1 is released into the extracellular matrix and activates the immune response thus acting as a danger-signal. Both PAR1 and PAR4 selectively regulated the release of VEGF and endostatin, and IL-1RA and HMGB-1 from human platelets. Therefore, the role of PAR1 and PAR4 on human platelet activation and inflammation should be considered prior to the use of PRP to treat tendon injuries.
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Ciobanu DC, Bastiaansen JWM, Magrin J, Rocha JL, Jiang DH, Yu N, Geiger B, Deeb N, Rocha D, Gong H, Kinghorn BP, Plastow GS, van der Steen HAM, Mileham AJ. A major SNP resource for dissection of phenotypic and genetic variation in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Anim Genet 2009; 41:39-47. [PMID: 19799596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioinformatics and re-sequencing approaches were used for the discovery of sequence polymorphisms in Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of 1221 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in a pool of individuals from various commercial populations. A set of 211 SNPs were selected for further molecular validation and 88% showed variation in 637 samples representing three commercial breeding lines. An association analysis was performed between these markers and several traits of economic importance for shrimp producers including resistance to three major viral diseases. A small number of SNPs showed associations with test weekly gain, grow-out survival and resistance to Taura Syndrome Virus. Very low levels of linkage disequilibrium were revealed between most SNP pairs, with only 11% of SNPs showing an r(2)-value above 0.10 with at least one other SNP. Comparison of allele frequencies showed small changes over three generations of the breeding programme in one of the commercial breeding populations. This unique SNP resource has the potential to catalyse future studies of genetic dissection of complex traits, tracing relationships in breeding programmes, and monitoring genetic diversity in commercial and wild populations of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Ciobanu
- Sygen International Plc, Franklin, KY 42134, USA.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843
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Oishi JO, Thome LC, Rea-Neto A, Oliveira MC, Rocha JL, Lemke VG. Critically ill patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC3301167 DOI: 10.1186/cc5827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Abstract
Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious illness caused by a Gram-negative rod named Bartonella henselae. Typical CSD is characterized by a small skin lesion at the site of a scratch or a bite, followed by regional lymphadenopathy, one to two weeks later. Atypical forms may present as ocular manifestations, neurological manifestations, hepatosplenic involvement and vertebral osteomyelitis. Among neurological complications, encephalopathy is by far the most common. Other neurological manifestations are very rare. We report a case of an 11-year-old boy, with a posterior cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. Cat scratch disease was diagnosed and treated after a positive "Whartin-Starry" stain on lymph node biopsy. Two weeks after treatment, the patient was readmitted presenting an acute episode of left hemiplegia. A brain MRI demonstrated a right subcortical fronto-parietal lesion with no contrast enhancement. Complete recovery was observed after corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Department of Infectious Disease, Nossa Senhora das Graças Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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15
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Abstract
Among azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men, 7-15% present microdeletions of a region on the long arm of the Y chromosome that has been called AZF (azoospermia factor). Because these deletions present varying relative frequencies in different populations, we decided to ascertain whether their presence was correlated with specific Y-chromosome haplotypes. For that, we evaluated 51 infertile Israeli men, 9 of whom had microdeletions in AZF. Haplotypes were identified using a hierarchical system with eight biallelic DNA markers. We also checked for the presence of the deletion marker 50f2/C, which was absent in all seven patients with isolated AZFc deletion and also in the one patient with isolated AZFb deletion, suggesting that these microdeletions overlap. As expected, haplogroup J was the most common (47%), followed by equal frequencies of haplogroups Y* (xDE, J, K), P* (xR1a, R1b8), K* (xP), and E. In six patients with AZFc deficiencies of comparable size, three belonged to haplogroup J, two belonged to haplogroup P* (xR1a, R1b8), and one belonged to haplogroup R1a. Also, there were no significant differences in the haplotype frequencies between the groups with and without microdeletions. Thus we did not identify any association of a specific haplogroup with predisposition to de novo deletion of the AZF region in the Israeli population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M B Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-010 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Abstract
Generalization of the polymorphism information content (PIC) index to represent marker informativeness (MI) for a three-generation F2 design requires that two additional sources of non-informativeness be added to the PIC formula: the probability of matings between like-heterozygous F1 individuals, of which one is non-informative; and that of matings between like-heterozygous F1 individuals, which are both fully informative but where line of origin of the same alleles is reciprocal. Given the dense marker-maps currently available for some species, this F2 informativeness parameter constitutes the natural criterion for marker selection in F2 designs, and two computer programs to predict MI from grandparental marker-genotypes were developed for an F2 population originating from two divergent selection lines of outbred mice (F approximately 0.2). A total of 403 markers had been genotyped for the F0 grandparents (n=31), and 14 markers had also been genotyped in the complete pedigree including 559 F2 individuals. One program was based on assumptions of random-mating (RM), while the other (PED) accounted for the pedigreed mating structure. For the 403 markers, the correlation between MI from RM and from PED was 0.95, and the average deviation between the two predictions was 0.005 MI units (MI ranged from 0 to 1). Correlations between predicted and realized MI for the 14 fully genotyped markers were 0.97 for PED and 0.94 for RM, while the corresponding average of deviations between predicted and actual values were 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. Absolute deviations from realized MI never exceeded 0.09 and 0.16 for PED and RM, respectively. Simulated optimization of the mating system to maximize average MI of 28 markers on one chromosome led to improvements in the range of 15-20% average MI (0.07-0.09 MI units). The degree of relative advantage conferred by the F2 generalization of the PIC index over the traditional index was found to be of minor significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
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Abstract
Nicaragua provides an example of how a major disaster, in this case Hurricane Mitch, can transform the national agenda for disaster mitigation and preparedness. Hurricane Mitch was a reminder of how extremely disaster prone Nicaragua is, and also how neoliberal reforms have weakened governmental response capacity. In the face of critiques of how governmental policies had affected preparedness and response, discussions of this transformation became a highly politicised process where the debate over alternative development models tended to overshadow the original calls to strengthen risk management. Progress can be seen in some areas, such as disaster mitigation through environmental management. This study of NGO roles, and their relations with other key actors, draws attention to the need to anchor improved risk management in local-level NGO-government collaboration. Structures are being put into place to achieve this aim, but dependence on donor financing raises questions regarding the longer-term sustainability of these efforts.
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Abstract
The nephrotoxic effect of COX-2 selective inhibitors has not yet been established. We report a case of reversible acute renal failure due to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, confirmed by histology of a renal biopsy sample, associated with taking rofecoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor.
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Rocha JL, Kondo W, Gracia CM, Baptista MI, Büchele G, da Cunha CA, Martins LT. Central venous sinus thrombosis following mastoiditis: report of 4 cases and literature review. Braz J Infect Dis 2000; 4:307-12. [PMID: 11136529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of mastoiditis and its complications have declined since the advent of antibiotics. Among all complications, transverse sinus thrombosis is the least frequent, although it may have the highest mortality rate. Before the introduction of surgery and antibiotic treatment, mortality was close to 100%. Previous administration of antibiotics may lead to changes in the clinical presentation of venous sinus thrombosis that make diagnosis more difficult, in spite of greatly improved imaging methods. This article reports 4 confirmed cases of venous sinus thrombosis complicating mastoiditis that were diagnosed and treated at Nossa Senhora das Graças Hospital, Curitiba--PR from June, 1999, to February, 2000. All 4 cases were documented by magnetic resonance imaging. Each patient recovered after treatment with antibiotics and anticoagulation. No surgical intervention was necessary. Diagnosis of the complication requires a high level of clinical suspicion and then evaluation by mastoid CT and cranial MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Division of Infectious Disease, Nossa Senhora das Graças Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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20
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Gentil MA, Rocha JL, Pereira P, Algarra GR, López R. High incidence of diabetes mellitus after kidney transplant in patients with hepatitis C. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 82:85. [PMID: 10224494 DOI: 10.1159/000045377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gentil MA, Rocha JL, Rodríguez-Algarra G, Pereira P, López R, Bernal G, Muñoz J, Naranjo M, Mateos J. Impaired kidney transplant survival in patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14:2455-60. [PMID: 10528672 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/14.10.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a few exceptions, most published studies do not show an influence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the success of a kidney transplant. METHODS We studied all our renal transplant recipients who had received kidneys from cadaver donors (n = 335) and had been treated with quadruple immunosuppression (steroids, azathioprine, and antilymphocyte antibodies, followed by cyclosporin). We had information on the status of the hepatitis C antibodies before and/or after the transplant in 320 cases (95.5%; in 300, pre-transplant). Patients with HCV antibodies before and/or after the transplant were considered to be HCV positive (HCV+). RESULTS The HCV+ patients had more time in dialysis and a greater number of transfusions, hyperimmunized cases, and re-transplants. The evolution in the first post-transplant year was similar in both groups, but afterwards, the HCV+ patients had proteinuria more often as well as worse kidney function. The survival rate of the graft was significantly less in the HCV+ cases: 90.6, 68.3 and 51.0% at respectively 1, 5 and 10 years, compared with 91.5, 84.7 and 66.5% in HCV-patients (P<0.01). The patient survival rate was: 96.4, 87.0, and 71.9% in the HCV+ patients at 1, 5, and 10 years, compared with 98.2, 96.0 and 90.0% in the HCV- cases respectively (P<0.01). The differences remained the same in stratified studies according to time spent in dialysis or pre/post-transplant evolution of HCV antibodies, even when immunologically high-risk patients were excluded. In multivariant analysis, the presence of HCV antibodies acted as a independent prognostic factor for the survival of the kidney and the patient: 3.0 (1.8-5.0) and 3.1 (1.2-7.8) odds-ratio (95% of the confidence interval), respectively. The main cause of death among HCV+ patients was cardiovascular; there was no apparent increase in mortality rate due to infections or chronic liver disease. The loss of organs was mainly due to chronic nephropathy or death with a functioning kidney. CONCLUSION The presence of hepatitis C antibodies, before or after transplantation, is associated with a worse long-term survival rate for both the patient and the transplanted kidney in our patients treated with quadruple therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gentil
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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22
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Rocha JL, Friedman E, Boson W, Moreira A, Figueiredo B, Liberman B, de Lacerda L, Sandrini R, Graf H, Martins S, Puñales MK, De Marco L. Molecular analyses of the vasopressin type 2 receptor and aquaporin-2 genes in Brazilian kindreds with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Hum Mutat 1999; 14:233-9. [PMID: 10477431 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1999)14:3<233::aid-humu6>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is associated with germline mutations in two genes: vasopressin receptor type 2 (V2(R)) in X-linked NDI, and the water channel aquaporin-2, in autosomal-recessive disease. Genetic heterogeneity is further emphasized by reports of phenotypically abnormal individuals with normal structural genes. We analyzed both genes in five Brazilian families and the aquaporin-2 gene in two Swedish families with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of NDI, by a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and direct DNA sequencing. A novel polymorphism in the aquaporin-2 gene (S167S), but no disease-associated mutations in any tested individual from all seven families, was detected. In two Brazilian families, frameshift mutations were detected in the V2(R) gene: one leading to a premature stop after codon 36 and the other to a longer peptide (462 aa instead of the 373 aa wild-type protein). In two other Brazilian families, probable disease-associated missense mutations were detected: an alanine to proline at codon 163 (A163P) and an asparagine to aspartic acid at codon 85 (D85N). In one Brazilian family, both genes were structurally normal and the aquaporin-2 gene was also normal in the two Swedish kindreds. This report further extends the mutational spectrum of NDI and suggests that there are other mutational or epigenetic events inactivating the two known genes or even novel genes that underlie NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Rocha JL, González-Roncero F, López-Hidalgo R, Gómez-García L, Martín-Herrera C, Rodríguez-Puras MJ, Navarro M, Castilla JJ. Inverse paradoxical embolism in a patient on chronic hemodialysis with aortic bacterial endocarditis. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 34:338-40. [PMID: 10430983 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a 45-year-old patient on chronic hemodialysis who suffered aortic endocarditis by Staphylococcus haemolyticus after bacteremia associated with a venous catheter, which was used temporarily during the maturing phase of a Cimino-Brescia arteriovenous fistula in the left forearm. Three weeks after starting antibiotic therapy, the patient suffered a septic pulmonary embolism. The catheter had been removed 4 weeks before the embolism. Thrombophlebitis of lower limbs, infection or thrombosis of the vascular access, and the involvement of right-sided cardiac structures were all discarded. We assumed that the pulmonary episode was probably a consequence of the paradoxical passage of embolic material, detached from the aortic valve, from arterial to venous circulation through the arteriovenous fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Hospital Universitario "Virgen del Rocío", Sevilla, Spain.
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Abstract
The potential of trait-based analysis to detect quantitative trait loci was investigated using blood group polymorphisms as the marker systems and milk and type traits in Holstein cattle as the quantitative traits. Within large half-sib families, animals were ranked on their predicted transmitted abilities or phenotypes, and blood group allele frequencies were compared between the upper and lower 5% tails of the distributions. Genotype frequencies within large families were also examined for evidence of selection. All of the major effects that had previously been detected using linear model analyses were identified by the trait-based analyses of a C blood group effect on rump angle, an L effect on milk yield and composition traits, an S effect on milk fat yield, and a direct effect of the M locus on milk and protein yields. These results provide additional support for the biological validity of these associations and also demonstrate the utility of trait-based analysis for the detection of quantitative trait loci within existing dairy breeding programs. However, just as in the linear model analyses, an analytical strategy should be utilized that allows the identification of the effects that are consistent across environments and genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
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Abstract
This study addresses the utility of 11 blood groups as selection aids in Holstein breeding schemes and considers issues inherent to the approach of resolving quantitative variation into components that are due to quantitative trait loci. The data consisted of predicted transmitting abilities of 22,614 bulls, first lactation information on 1,924,171 cows, and type scores on 447,800 cows. Linear models were fitted under male half-sib designs, female half-sib designs, and granddaughter designs as well as under the assumption of direct effects of the markers. The evolution of allele frequencies through time was determined, and previous research results were synthesized according to criteria of consistency of biological significance. The inconsistency of results across studies and analytical designs alludes to the importance of the intrinsic nonadditivity of genetic and biological phenomena to quantitative trait locus detection and marker-assisted selection. In our analyses, three associations met the criteria of consistency--a C blood group effect on rump angle, an L effect on milk yield and composition traits, and an S effect on milk fat yield. The M locus appears to be directly associated with effects on milk and protein yields. An enhanced understanding of the biochemical and physiological bases of quantitative genetics should be a long-term objective of this type of genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
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Rocha JL, Gentil MA, Gili M, Gil L, Cabello V, Bernal G. Continuous intravenous intradialysis versus intravenous postdialysis erythropoietin therapy in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13:89-92. [PMID: 9481721 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/13.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin seems to be more effective than intravenous administration. Local pain, however, may diminish patient compliance with the subcutaneous route. Recently continuous intravenous intradialysis administration of rHuEpo has been reported to be more efficacious in stimulating erythropoiesis than the usual postdialysis intravenous bolus. METHODS We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover study on stable chronic haemodialysis patients to compare the efficacy of continuous intradialysis rHuEpo therapy with intravenous postdialysis administration. Twenty patients were selected and randomly assigned to receive rHuEpo either postdialysis (control phase) or by continuous intradialysis perfusion (slow Epo phase) for 12 weeks. After this period, patients were switched to the alternative method for 12 additional weeks. The erythropoietin dose remained unchanged during the study. Haematocrit was monitored weekly and iron metabolism, serum Epo, and vitamins were measured monthly. Urea kinetics and iPTH measurements were performed every 3 months. RESULTS Three patients were excluded because of unrelated problems. The final mean haematocrit was unchanged from previous basal values in both phases and no statistical differences were found for any parameter between the groups. No differences were found in iron metabolism nor in urea kinetic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Continuous intravenous intradialysis administration of rHuEpo is not more effective than an intravenous postdialysis bolus as rHuEpo maintenance therapy in stable chronic haemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Division of Nephrology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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Rocha JL, Moreira AC, Friedman E, Liberman B, Silva BC, De-Marco L. A novel polymorphism in the coding region of the vasopressin type 2 receptor gene. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:443-5. [PMID: 9251762 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare disease characterized by renal inability to respond properly to arginine vasopressin due to mutations in the vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2(R)) gene in affected kindreds. In most kindreds thus far reported, the mode of inheritance follows an X chromosome-linked recessive pattern although autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive modes of inheritance have also been described. Studies demonstrating mutations in the V2(R) gene in affected kindreds that modify the receptor structure, resulting in a dys- or nonfunctional receptor have been described, but phenotypically indistinguishable NDI patients with a structurally normal V2(R) gene have also been reported. In the present study, we analyzed exon 3 of the V2(R) gene in 20 unrelated individuals by direct sequencing. A C-->T alteration in the third position of codon 331 (AGC-->AGT), which did not alter the encoded amino acid, was found in nine individuals, including two unrelated patients with NDI. Taken together, these observations emphasize the molecular heterogeneity of a phenotypically homogeneous syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidade Federal de Minas Cerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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DeMarco L, Stratakis CA, Boson WL, Jakbovitz O, Carson E, Andrade LM, Amaral VF, Rocha JL, Choursos GP, Nordenskjöld M, Friedman E. Sporadic cardiac myxomas and tumors from patients with Carney complex are not associated with activating mutations of the Gs alpha gene. Hum Genet 1996; 98:185-8. [PMID: 8698339 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac myxomas are rare tumors that may be encountered sporadically or in the context of the Carney complex. The molecular basis for the development of cardiac myxomas and Carney complex tumors is unclear. Pathological myocardial function and myocardial hypertrophy have been associated with alterations in the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. The postulated proto-oncogenic character of the gene encoding the alpha sub-unit of the stimulatory GTP-binding protein Gs alpha (gsp) in pituitary and thyroid tumors, the finding of identical somatic gsp mutations in the myocardium of patients with McCune-Albright syndrome, and the associated endocrine anomalies of the Carney complex prompted us to investigate the occurrence of activating missense mutations in the Gs alpha gene in 10 sporadically occurring atrial myxomas and in 8 tumors from 7 patients with Carney complex. No gsp mutations could be demonstrated by using the polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis complemented by direct DNA sequencing. Thus, activating Gs alpha mutations neither are associated with the development of atrial myxomas, nor can be demonstrated in other tumors from patients with Carney complex. The significance of these mutations in the myocardium of asymptomatic patients with McCune-Albright syndrome remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L DeMarco
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Rocha JL, Baker JF, Womack JE, Sanders JO, Taylor JF. Statistical associations between restriction fragment length polymorphisms and quantitative traits in beef cattle1. J Anim Sci 1992; 70:3360-70. [PMID: 1360949 DOI: 10.2527/1992.70113360x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on 41 traits from 677 animals produced in a five-breed diallel were matched with genotypes for five marker-loci provided by restriction fragment length polymorphisms to detect quantitative effects associated with the markers, following three different designs based on inbred lines, half-sib families, and on assumptions of the markers being quantitative trait loci (QTL). Three growth hormone-TaqI alleles, B, C, and D, in high frequencies in this sample of the Brahman breed, were associated with decreases in birth weight, as a maternal trait (P < .01), and decreases in shoulder width at birth (P < .05). Among F2 Angus-Brahman and Brahman-Hereford cows, homozygotes for the B, C, or D alleles gave birth to calves 4.0 kg lighter than cows homozygous for the A allele, an effect that amounts to the magnitude of the corresponding breed difference in the diallel, and represents one phenotypic SD. A putative cytoplasmic effect seems to interact (P = .02) with this effect on maternal birth weight. Also, at birth, F2 calves homozygous for the B, C, or D alleles were .8 cm narrower at the shoulders than those homozygous for the A allele, after adjusting for birth weight. Significant associations (P < .05) between the parathyroid hormone-MspI marker and measures of body size were detected, as well as an effect on weaning weight (P = .03) as a maternal trait, whose magnitude (17.5 kg) equals the Brahman vs Angus and Hereford breed difference, as quantified in the diallel, and represents .8 of a phenotypic SD. No significant associations were found for three other marker-loci (prolactin-MspI, osteonectin-EcoRI, and keratin VI-MspI). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms have the potential to provide new insights and useful applications to animal breeding, but, as in this work, small sample sizes, extreme susceptibility to Type I errors, and different types of possible confounding obfuscate the conclusions that can be drawn from studies of limited scope and less than ideal planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rocha
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
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Blackburn HD, Rocha JL, Figueiredo EP, Berne ME, Vieira LS, Cavalcante AR, Rosa JS. Interaction of parasitism and nutrition in goats: effects on haematological parameters, correlations, and other statistical associations. Vet Parasitol 1992; 44:183-97. [PMID: 1466129 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90116-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Weaned wether goats (n = 144) approximately 6 months of age were placed in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment to test the effects and interaction of two levels of nutrition (growth+maintenance, NUT1; and twice growth+maintenance, NUT2) and three levels of Haemonchus contortus burden (0, 500, and 2000 larvae administered every 2 weeks; W0, W500, and W2000, respectively) on packed cell volume, red blood cell count, total serum protein and leukocytes. The statistical analysis revealed clear and proportionate differences among levels of infection for all variables. A significant (P < 0.05) nutritional effect was also found associated with all the variables except leukocytes. Nutrition by worm load interactions were found for packed cell volume and leukocytes. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was higher in the NUT1-infected animals, leading to the nutrition by worm load interaction for leukocytes. An analysis for the different leukocyte types revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences among infection levels for lymphocytes, while nutrition level was found to be a significant effect for basophil count and immature white cells. Several significant correlations were observed between pairs of variables. Faecal egg output could be predicted from actual worm count in three of the four necropsy periods. The clear differences observed for blood parameters were not present in production traits, suggesting that physiological thresholds may play an important role in framing the metabolic activity of biological organisms. Total serum protein was the best indicator of these effects on production parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Blackburn
- Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station 77843
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Blackburn HD, Rocha JL, Figueiredo EP, Berne ME, Vieira LS, Cavalcante AR, Rosa JS. Interaction of parasitism and nutrition and their effects on production and clinical parameters in goats. Vet Parasitol 1991; 40:99-112. [PMID: 1763494 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(91)90086-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Weaned wether goats (n = 144) approximately 6 months of age were placed in a 2 x 3 factorial design experiment for 5 months to test the main effects and interaction of two levels of nutrition (growth + maintenance, NUT1; twice growth + maintenance, NUT2) and three levels of Haemonchus contortus burden (0, 500 and 2000 larvae administered every 2 weeks: W0, W500 W2000, respectively) on weight, feed intake, level of infection and packed cell volume (PCV). The rationale for the experimental design was based on the lack of information concerning the interaction between nutritional status and worm burden. Results indicated significant effects of worm burden levels on PCV, faecal egg contents (eggs per gram of feces (EPG)), actual worm numbers, feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization. Nutrition x worm burden interactions were also significant for PCV and EPG. However, the differences detected for PCV and actual worm numbers did not translate into large or consistent differences in body weight. Goats on NUT2, after an initial period, showed little difference in body weight, irrespective of worm burden. Within the NUT1 level, W0 kids weighed more than W500 or W2000 kids throughout the study. Although not statistically significant, this constitutes a trend towards an interaction between nutrition and worm burden. In both nutrition levels, there were no body weight differences between W500 and W2000 until the last 14 days. Feed intake was depressed in the first 3 months of the experiment for infected animals, but was subsequently followed by a compensatory reaction. Lower establishment rates, based on actual worm counts, were observed for the higher infection level, but in both infection levels establishment rates tended to decrease with time. Nutrition was found to be more important to counteract the consequences of a parasitic infection than to counteract the establishment of that same infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Blackburn
- Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station 77843
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García-Luna PP, Leal-Cerro A, Rocha JL, Trujillo F, Garcia-Pesquera F, Astorga R. Evaluation of the pituitary-adrenal axis before, during and after pituitary adenomectomy. Is perioperative glucocorticoid therapy necessary? Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1990; 122:83-8. [PMID: 2154904 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Under the supposition that ACTH secretion will be compromised by surgical trauma, patients with pituitary adenomas undergoing transsphenoidal adenomectomy are frequently given corticoids, even though this therapy is controversial. We studied 10 patients with pituitary adenomas whose adrenocortical function was sufficient prior to surgery. The ACTH and cortisol levels rose significantly during surgery in all of these patients. Five patients completed a two-year postoperative follow-up period and their ACTH and cortisol values remained within normal limits. It may be that patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas do not need perioperative glucocorticoid treatment, since the hypophyseal-adrenal axis does retain its integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P García-Luna
- Division of Endocrinology, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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