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da Conceição Abreu Bandeira M, Cerqueira AB, Luiz Pinto Moraes J, Brazil RP, Rebêlo JMM. Diversity of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Rural Settlements and Degraded Seasonal Deciduous Forests. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:240-247. [PMID: 34632513 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biting midges are widespread in Brazilian natural ecosystems. However, deforestation and other activities that impact the environment are reducing natural habitats where biting midges proliferate. The objective of this study was to verify whether there is variation in the composition, richness, abundance, and seasonality of biting midges between wild and rural environments, in a forest area with intense deforestation. Biting midges were captured using 6 traps installed at an average height of 1.5 m in the peridomicile, intradomicile, and deciduous seasonal forests, once a month from May 2012 to April 2013. In total, 2,182 specimens of 13 species of the genus Culicoides were captured. Species richness was similar in the intradomicile (13 species), forest (12), and peridomicile (11), but species diversity was greater in the peridomicile (H' = 0.803) compared with the intradomicile (H' = 0.717) and forest (H' = 0.687). The order of species dominance varied between the forest (Culicoides paucienfuscatus Barbosa > Culicoides leopodoi Ortiz > Culicoides foxi Ortiz > Culicoides ignacioi Forattini) and peridomicile + intradomicile habitats (C. paucienfuscatus > C. foxi > C. filariferus Hoffman > C. ignacioi). The activity of these dipterans was strongly influenced by meteorological variables, as biting midges are predominant in the rainy season (80.7% of specimens), when higher rainfall, relative humidity, and lower temperatures prevail. The abundance of biting midges was higher in the peridomicile + intradomicile (83.7% of specimens) compared with the degraded forest (16.3%), a result that reflects the loss of forest habitat due to intense and progressive deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Conceição Abreu Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allane Barros Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Pinto Moraes JL, Marinho Santana HT, da Conceição Abreu Bandeira M, Macário Rebêlo JM. Effects of forest degradation on the sand fly communities of northeast Brazil. J Vector Ecol 2020; 45:89-99. [PMID: 32492277 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The richness and abundance of sand fly species were studied in northeastern Brazil in areas of leishmaniasis transmission. The study was carried out in two forest areas with different deforestation times for agricultural and livestock activities: one modified by long-term settlement (more than 50 years of occupation) and another less impacted by short-term settlement (10 years). The sand flies were captured with CDC light traps from 18:00 to 06:00 for three consecutive nights, once a month, from May, 2012 to April, 2014. The study captured 21,708 specimens and also 33 species of Lutzomyia and two of Brumptomyia. Species richness and abundance were higher in the more conserved area of short-term occupation (31 species; 61.7%) than in the more degraded area with long-term occupation (17 species; 38.3%). In the most conserved area, the species richness was higher in the forest fragment than in the rural settlement, whereas in the degraded area the richness was higher in the peri-domicile than in the forest. The diversity was higher in the degraded area forest. There were significant statistical differences when comparing the means of total abundance with the intra-domicile, peri-domicile, and forest environments. The average abundance was statistically higher in the peri-domicile compared to the forest (p = 0.009), but there were no statistically significant differences between intra-domicile-peri-domicile (p = 0.11) and forest-intra-domicile (p = 0.87). In conclusion, a change in vegetation cover negatively affects the richness and abundance of sand flies in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Rebêlo JMM, Moraes JLP, Cruz GBV, Andrade-Silva J, Bandeira MDCA, Oliveira Pereira YN, Santos CLCD. Influence of Deforestation on the Community Structure of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Eastern Amazonia. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1004-1012. [PMID: 30887047 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Variation in the structure of phlebotomine (sand fly) communities in forest fragments with different degrees of preservation and human occupation (peridomicile) in eastern Amazonia was studied. We identified 43 species of sand flies in our study, of which 38 occurred in both preserved forest areas and in the peridomiciles of short-term settlements, while another 28 species occurred in altered forest fragments and long-term settlements. The composition of the community at each site changed with the type of environment (forest or peridomicile), with the species Lutzomyia evandroi, L. whitmani, L. choti, L. serrana, L. triacantha, L. migonei, L. hirsuta, L. shannoni, and L. brachyphylla accounting for more than 54% of the differences among environments. The quality of the environment exerted a significant influence on the structure of phlebotomine communities, and affected their species composition, richness, and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal - Rede BIONORTE da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal - Rede BIONORTE da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Barbosa Vieira Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal - Rede BIONORTE da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Joudellys Andrade-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | - Yrla Nívea Oliveira Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Ciro Líbio Caldas Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
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Pereira-Filho AA, Fonteles RS, Bandeira MDCA, Moraes JLP, Rebêlo JMM, Melo MN. Molecular Identification of Leishmania spp. in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:989-994. [PMID: 29471500 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sand flies are very common in the region of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important tourist attraction in Brazil. However, the role of some species and their relative importance locally in Leishmania Ross 1903 transmission is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify Leishmania infection in phlebotomine sand flies collected around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important conservation area and popular international/national tourist destination with a high incidence of leishmaniasis. Sand flies were collected in peridomiciliary areas on the tourist route from September 2012 to August 2013. The captured females were subjected to molecular analyses for the detection of Leishmania DNA. Sand flies were infected with four Leishmania species: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Vianna, 1911) was found in Lutzomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho, 1939) (2.1%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) (1.7%); Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (Nicole, 1908) infected Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw, and Lainson, 1971) (20%), Lutzomyia sordellii (Shannon and Del Ponte, 1927) (4.3%), Lu. longipalpis (3.7%), and Lu. whitmani (0.8%); Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (Lainson & Shaw, 1972) was found in Lu. whitmani (0.58%), while Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni infected Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima and Antunes, 1936) (3.4%), Lu. longipalpis (1.06%), and Lu. whitmani (0.29%). The occurrence of these parasites requires control measures to reduce the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and to contain a possible epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Alves Pereira-Filho
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Fonteles RS, Pereira Filho AA, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF, Rodrigues BL, Rebêlo JMM. Detection of Leishmania DNA and Blood Meal Identification in Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Lençois Maranhenses National Park Region, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:445-451. [PMID: 29281057 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate portions of the transmission cycles of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occurring in the region surrounding the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, an important tourist center in Brazil, the present study objectives were to determine the rate of natural infection by Leishmania spp. and the blood meal in caught sand flies species in the region. Sand flies were captured over 36 mo in 62 locations of the municipality of Barreirinhas, Maranhão with notifications of disease incidence. Species identification of parasites was performed with internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) PCR-RFLP using HaeIII enzyme. Blood meal identification was performed with cytochrome b (cytb) gene PCR-RFLP using HaeIII and MboI enzyme. The species Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva 1912) presented a positivity rate of 3.7% for Leishmania infantum. Species not considered vectors of this parasite such as Lu. lenti (Mangabeira 1938) and Lu. whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho 1939) showed infection rates of 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively. Among the vectors of Leishmania spp. was Lu. whitmani with detection rate of 0.3% for Le. braziliensis and Lu. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira 1942) with a detection rate of 8% for Le. amazonensis. After restriction of amplification product encoding a 359bp sequence of the cytb recognized in as follows: pigs (37.9%); dogs (27.4%); chickens (20.9%); horses (9%), rodents (3.3%), and humans (1.4%). The presence of Leishmania DNA in sand flies fed with human blood and domestic animals in villages with transmission of VL and TL suggests that transmission could be occurring in the locations of the infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
| | | | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Silma Regina Ferreira Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Laboratório de Genética, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Laboratório de Genética, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, Maranhão, Brasil
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Costa-Neta BM, da Silva AA, Brito JM, Moraes JLP, Rebêlo JMM, Silva FS. Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Traps Improve the Light-Trapping of Anopheline Mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:1699-1703. [PMID: 28968803 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous advantages over the standard incandescent lamp favor the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as an alternative and inexpensive light source for sampling medically important insects in surveillance studies. Previously published studies examined the response of mosquitoes to different wavelengths, but data on anopheline mosquito LED attraction are limited. Center for Disease Control and Prevention-type light traps were modified by replacing the standard incandescent lamp with 5-mm LEDs, one emitting at 520 nm (green) and the other at 470 nm (blue). To test the influence of moon luminosity on LED catches, the experiments were conducted during the four lunar phases during each month of the study period. A total of 1,845 specimens representing eight anopheline species were collected. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) evansae (35.2%) was the most frequently collected, followed by An. (Nys.) triannulatus (21.9%), An. (Nys.) goeldii (12.9%), and An. (Nys.) argyritarsis (11.5%). The green LED was the most attractive light source, accounting for 43.3% of the individuals collected, followed by the blue (31.8%) and control (24.9%) lights. The LED traps were significantly more attractive than the control, independent of the lunar phase. Light trapping of anopheline mosquitoes was more efficient when the standard incandescent lamp was replaced with LEDs, regardless of the moon phase. The efficiency of LEDs improves light trapping results, and it is suggested that the use of LEDs as an attractant for anopheline mosquitoes should be taken into consideration when sampling anopheline mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Costa-Neta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - A A da Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - J M Brito
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - J L P Moraes
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - J M M Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - F S Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Center for Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, CEP: 65500-00, Chapadinha, MA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, CEP: 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brasil
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Rebêlo JMM, Rodrigues BL, Bandeira MDCA, Moraes JLP, Fonteles RS, Pereira SRF. Detection of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis in Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazonia. J Vector Ecol 2016; 41:303-308. [PMID: 27860021 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biting midges in the genus Culicoides act as vectors of arboviruses throughout the world and as vectors of filariasis in Latin America, the Caribbean, and parts of Africa. Although Culicoides spp. are currently not considered to be vectors of Leishmania protozoa, the high abundance of biting midges in areas with active cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission points to the possibility of Culicoides infection by these pathogens. We used PCR to test captured Culicoides species for natural infection with Leishmania spp. We tested 450 Culicoides females, divided into 30 pools of 15 individuals each, as follows: nine pools of C. foxi (135 specimens), seven pools of C. filariferus (105), seven pools of C. insignis (105), five pools of C. ignacioi (75), and two pools of C. flavivenula (30). PCR confirmed the presence of Leishmania braziliensis DNA in C. ignacioi (0.14%), C. insignis (0.14%), and C. foxi (0.11); and Le. amazonensis DNA in C. filariferus (0.14%) and C. flavivenula (0.50%). We conclude that these Culicoides species can be naturally infected, but vector competence and transmission capability must be confirmed in future studies. Our results warrant further investigation into the role of these biting midge species in the leishmaniasis epidemiological cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão (Universidade Federal do Maranhão-UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão (Universidade Federal do Maranhão-UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Post-Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, UFMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Bandeira MCA, Da Penha A, Moraes JLP, Brito GA, Rebêlo JMM. Infestation of Brazilian Peridomiciliary Areas by Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Humid and Semihumid Climates. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:1163-1168. [PMID: 27343177 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates Culicoides infestation in peridomestic environments in two villages in Maranhão, one with hot and humid climate and the other with semihumid climate. We evaluated the composition, richness, abundance, and seasonality of species. We captured insects using CDC light traps installed in animal shelters once a month, from 6 pm to 6 am, for 24 mo (May 2012 to April 2014). In this study, 17 species were found. Of these, 10 occurred simultaneously in two areas; six were found only in hot and humid area, while one occurred only in the semihumid area. Species richness was higher in the hot and humid climate (16 species) than in the semihumid (11 species). The rank of abundance was uneven across areas: C. foxi, C. insignis, C. filariferus, C. ignacioi, and C. flavivenula were dominant in the hot and humid area, and C. ignacioi, C. foxi, C. filariferus, C. insignis, and C. boliviensis in the semihumid. Midges were more abundant in the rainy season in both areas. This result reveals a diversified fauna of midges, with variable abundance of rank according to the area, prevailing in the rainy season and in the Amazon area. It also highlights the need for health monitoring in order to contain the infestation by these insects in peridomestic environments, taking into account that some species can be effective vectors of arboviruses in the Amazon and northeastern Maranhão.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C A Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil (; ; ; )
| | - A Da Penha
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65.080-805 São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - J L P Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil (; ; ; )
| | - G A Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil (; ; ; )
| | - J M M Rebêlo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, Campus do Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil (; ; ; )
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65.080-805 São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
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Pereira Filho AA, Bandeira MDCA, Fonteles RS, Moraes JLP, Lopes CRG, Melo MN, Rebêlo JMM. An ecological study of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the vicinity of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:442. [PMID: 26315017 PMCID: PMC4552461 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, located in Maranhão, Brazil, is a region of exceptional beauty and a popular tourist destination. The adjoining area has suffered from the impact of human activity and, consequently, has experienced outbreaks of leishmaniasis. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, abundance, species richness and seasonal distribution of sand flies in the region and to determine the constancy of the insect population. Methods The survey was conducted at three sites located in the municipalities of Barreirinhas and Santo Amaro between September 2012 and August 2013. Sampling was performed monthly using automatic light traps installed 1.5 m above the soil adjacent to 13 randomly selected rural dwellings. At each site, one trap was placed in the peridomicile near to animal enclosures and another (extradomicile) at 500 m from the peridomicile. Results A total of 4,474 individual sand flies were collected over the year with the highest abundance recorded during the rainy season (December to June). Nine species were collected: L. whitmani, L. longipalpis, L. lenti, L. sordellii, L. evandroi, L. flaviscutellata, L. wellcomei, L. termitophila and L. intermedia. Although peridomiciliary and extradomiciliary environments presented similar species richness, the Shannon diversity index was significantly lower in the former (H’ = 2.4) compared with the latter (H’ = 4.98). Lutzomyia whitmani and L. longipalpis were the most abundant species and were classified as constant (constancy index, CI = 100 %) along with L. lenti (CI = 58.3), L. evandroi (CI = 58.3) and L. sordellii (CI = 66.7). The remaining four species presented CI values between 25 and 50 % and were considered accessory. Conclusions The present results confirm the present of L. whitmani and L. longipalpis in the peridomicile of houses in Lençóis National Park. The abundance of these species could explain, respectively, the endemicity of cutaneous leishmaniasis and sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the study area. However, in the case of cutaneous leishmaniasis, the presence of other sand fly vectors (in addition to L. whitmani) cannot be neglected. Finally, this study emphasizes the need for a more effective and permanent supervision to control the expansion of these vectors and leishmaniasis outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Alves Pereira Filho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria da Conceição Abreu Bandeira
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Camila Ragonezi Gomes Lopes
- Departamento de Cartografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Azevedo PCB, Lopes GN, Fonteles RS, Vasconcelos GC, Moraes JLP, Rebêlo JMM. The effect of fragmentation on phlebotomine communities (Diptera: Psychodidae) in areas of ombrophilous forest in São Luís, state of Maranhão, Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 2011; 40:271-277. [PMID: 21584411 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-566x2011000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether an edge effect could be observed in the structure and composition of phlebotomine assemblages in five forest fragments on São Luís Island. The study also investigated whether there were any differences in species along the forest edge-to-interior gradient and in species richness and abundance between the fragments studied. To capture the insects a transect was defined in each fragment, and eight light traps were set up at 15 m intervals from the edge. Phlebotomines were found in all fragments, and a total of 2972 specimens (1188 males and 1784 females) belonging to 24 species were collected. Of these, the most abundant was Lutzomyia antunesi (Coutinho), followed by Brumptomyia avellari (Costa Lima), L. infraspinosa (Mangabeira), L. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira), L. claustrei Abonnenc, Léger & Fauran, L. wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson), L. sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte) and L. paraensis (Costa Lima). No significant differences were observed in the number of individuals or species along the edge-to-interior gradient. However, a higher distribution of some species in certain regions of the forest could be observed graphically. There was no correlation between fragment size and the number of species or individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C B Azevedo
- Depto de Biologia, Univ Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
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Rebêlo JMM, Assunção Júnior AN, Silva O, Moraes JLP. [Occurrence of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in leishmaniasis foci in an ecotourism area around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2010; 26:195-8. [PMID: 20209223 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution and relative abundance of sand fly species were studied in the municipality of Barreirinhas, Maranhão State, Brazil, around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, from January to June 2005, August 2004, July 2005, and September/2008. A total of 6,658 specimens were captured. The most frequent species were Lutzomyia whitmani (46.6%), L. longipalpis (29.9%), L. evandroi (17.1%), and L. lenti (4.8%), while L. termitophila, L. flaviscutellata, L. migonei, L. infraspinosa, L. sordellii, L. wellcomei, L. antunesi, and L. trinidadensis represented 1.6%. The presence of Leishmania vector species explains the high detection rate for tegumentary leishmaniasis in 2000 (308.2), 2001 (310.9), 2002 (338.2), and 2005 (313.6) and active foci of human visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Barreirinhas.
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Fonteles RS, Vasconcelos GCE, Azevêdo PCB, Lopes GN, Moraes JLP, Lorosa ES, Kuppinger O, Rebêlo JMM. Preferência alimentar sanguínea de Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera, Psychodidae) em área de transmissão de leishmaniose cutânea americana, no Estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009; 42:647-50. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822009000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as fontes de alimento sanguíneo de fêmeas de Lutzomyia whitmani, espécie de flebotomíneo incriminada no Maranhão como principal vetor da leishmaniose cutânea americana. Para isso, 70 fêmeas desta espécie coletadas no município de Axixá, área com um dos maiores números de casos de leishmaniose cutânea americana em humanos no Maranhão, foram analisadas utilizando a técnica da precipitina. Dos indivíduos analisados, 90% apresentaram reação a algum tipo de antissoro e dentre estes, 73% apresentaram reações do tipo simples com predominância para sangue de galinha (22,2%), roedor (14,3) e humano (12,7%). Nas reações duplas predominaram as combinações galinha/humano (6,3%), galinha/gambá (4,8%), boi/humano e gambá/humano (3,2%). Assim, concluímos que seres humanos, animais domésticos e sinantrópicos constituem fonte alimentar sanguínea para Lutzomyia whitmani podendo desempenhar um papel importante no ciclo de transmissão da leishmaniose cutânea americana explicando os casos da doença em Axixá.
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Rebêlo JMM, Rocha RV, Moraes JLP, Alves GA, Leonardo FS. Distribuição de Lutzomyia whitmani em fitorregiões do estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Rev Saude Publica 2009; 43:1070-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102009005000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a distribuição geográfica de Lutzomyia whitmani s.l. no estado do Maranhão. De 1992 a 2005, foram capturados 9.600 espécimes (machos: 65,1% e fêmeas: 34,9%) nas zonas rurais e urbanas de 35 municípios situados em áreas de floresta, cerrado e vegetação mista com cocal, restinga e caatinga. A abundância foi maior no peridomicílio (91,6%) do que no intradomicílio (8,4%). A ocorrência do vetor em diferentes fitorregiões e nas áreas rurais e urbanas favorece a transmissão da leishmaniose tegumentar nesses ambientes. É possível que esse táxon constitua um complexo de espécies no Maranhão, o que poderá ser confirmado mediante estudos de biologia molecular.
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Oliveira-Pereira YN, Moraes JLP, Lorosa ES, Rebêlo JMM. Preferência alimentar sanguínea de flebotomíneos da Amazônia do Maranhão, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2008; 24:2183-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2008000900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as fontes alimentares sanguíneas de flebotomíneos por meio da reação da precipitina, em Buriticupu, na Amazônia maranhense, Brasil, de julho de 2002 a junho de 2004. Foram detectadas reações simples (87,6%), duplas (8%) e não reagentes (4,4%). A presença de flebotomíneos alimentados com sangue humano (6,7%) e de possíveis reservatórios de Leishmania no peridomicílio ajuda a explicar a ocorrência de casos autóctones de leishmaniose tegumentar no Município de Buriticupu.
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Oliveira-Pereira YN, Rebêlo JMM, Moraes JLP, Pereira SRF. Diagnóstico molecular da taxa de infecção natural de flebotomíneos (Psychodidae, Lutzomyia) por Leishmania sp na Amazônia maranhense. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2006; 39:540-3. [PMID: 17308698 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822006000600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A taxa de infecção natural de três diferentes espécies de flebotomíneos por Leishmania foi estudada usando a técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase. Primers específicos para Leishmania foram designados para examinar se os pools de flebotomíneos estavam infectadas. Um total de 1.100 fêmeas separadas em pools de 10 indivíduos foram examinados, consistindo de 50 Lutzomyia whitmani, 43 Lutzomyia triacantha e 17 Lutzomyia choti. De todos os pools analisados, 4 de Lutzomyia whitmani estavam positivos, mas nenhum pool das duas espécies restantes estava infectado. Deste modo, uma taxa de infecção de 0,4% foi verificada neste estudo. Esta taxa de infecção associada a estudos anteriores sugere que Lutzomyia whitmani transmite Leishmania aos mamíferos em Buriticupu, Maranhão.
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