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da Conceição Abreu Bandeira M, Rodrigues BL, Soares GHC, Ferreira AL, Carvalho Costa LF, Brazil RP, Rebêlo JMM. DNA Barcoding Culicoides Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Northeast Brazil. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:608-614. [PMID: 36864559 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are small insects associated with the transmission of several pathogens, which requires the correct identification of the species, for implementation of effective strategies against these insects. However, many species are difficult to identify only by morphological characters. Therefore, the use of molecular methods can help in the taxonomy and systematics of this group. Here, the DNA barcode approach was evaluated for nine species of Culicoides from the State of Maranhão, Brazil. We generated 39 sequences from a 476 bp (base pairs) fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene. To assess the usefulness of COI barcodes for the identification of these species, paired genetic distances from intra and interspecific comparisons and phylogenetic trees were generated in MEGA and RAxML/BEAST softwares, respectively. In addition, species delimitation was performed using the PTP, GMYC, and ABGD algorithms. The intra and interspecific genetic distances showed a clear distinction between them, demonstrating that, for the taxa studied, there can hardly be ambiguous identifications with barcodes. In the same sense, the phylogenetic reconstruction resulted in well-supported clades for all morphospecies analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Conceição Abreu Bandeira
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Corrêa Soares
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - André Leite Ferreira
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Luís Fernando Carvalho Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
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Pinto IDS, Rodrigues BL, de Araujo-Pereira T, Shimabukuro PHF, de Pita-Pereira D, Britto C, Brazil RP. DNA barcoding of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from the western Brazilian Amazon. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281289. [PMID: 36730314 PMCID: PMC9894394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The subfamily Phlebotominae comprises important insects for public health. The use of complementary tools such as molecular taxonomy is necessary for interspecific delimitation and/or discovery of cryptic species. Here, we evaluated the DNA barcoding tool to identify different species in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. For this, we collected sand flies in forest fragments along the highway BR-317, in the municipality of Brasiléia, state of Acre, Brazil. The specimens were DNA-barcoded using a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The sequences were analyzed to generate K2P pairwise genetic distances and a Neighbour-joining tree. The sand fly barcodes were also clustered into Molecular Operation Taxonomic Units (MOTU) using Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) approach. A total of 59 COI sequences comprising 22 nominal species and ten genera were generated. Of these, 11 species had not been sequenced before, thus being new COI sequences to science. Intraspecific genetic distances ranged between 0 and 4.9%, with Pintomyia serrana presenting the highest values of genetic distance, in addition to having been partitioned into three MOTUs. Regarding the distances to the nearest neighbour, all species present higher values in relation to the maximum intraspecific distance, in addition to forming well supported clusters in the neighbour-joining analysis. The DNA barcoding approach is useful for the molecular identification of sand flies from Brasiléia, state of Acre, and was efficient in detecting cryptic diversity of five species which can be confirmed in future studies using an integrative approach. We also generated new COI barcodes for Trichophoromyia auraensis, Nyssomyia shawi, and Psychodopygus paraensis, which may play a role in the transmission of Leishmania spp. in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel de Souza Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Itaituba, Pará, Brasil
| | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thais de Araujo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Coleção de Flebotomíneos, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Ferreira TN, Brazil RP, McDowell MA, Cunha-Júnior EF, Costa PRR, Netto CD, Santos ECT, Genta FA. Effects of anti-Leishmania compounds in the behavior of the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:2792-2805. [PMID: 35411662 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is an infectious parasitic disease caused by pathogens of the genus Leishmania transmitted through the bite of adult female sand flies. To reduce case numbers, it is necessary to combine different control approaches, especially those aimed at the sand fly vectors. Innovative forms of control with the use of attractive sugar baits explored the fact that adult sand flies need to feed on sugars of plant origin. Leishmania parasites develop in the gut of sand flies, interacting with the sugars in the diet of adults. Recent studies have shown that sugar baits containing plant-derived compounds can reduce sand fly survival, the number of parasites per gut, and the percentage of infected sand flies. Several synthetic compounds produced from naphthoquinones and pterocarpans have anti-parasitic activity on Leishmania amazonensis and/or Leishmania infantum in cell culture. This work aimed to assess the inclusion of these compounds in sugar baits for blocking transmission, targeting the development of the Leishmania parasite inside the sand fly vector. RESULTS We evaluated the attractant or repellent properties of these compounds, as well as of the reference compound N,N'-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), in sugar baits. We also observed changes in feeding preference caused by these compounds, looking for anti-feeding or stimulation of ingestion. Pterocarpanquinone L4 and pentamidine showed attractant and repellent properties, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the effects in feeding preference and intake volume, pterocarpanquinone L6, and the pyrazole-derived compound P8 were chosen as the most promising compounds for the future development of anti-Leishmania sugar baits. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Neves Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mary Ann McDowell
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Edézio Ferreira Cunha-Júnior
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Unidade Integrada de Pesquisa em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Chaquip Daher Netto
- Laboratório de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Caio Torres Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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da Conceição Abreu Bandeira M, Cerqueira AB, Luiz Pinto Moraes J, Brazil RP, Rebêlo JMM. Diversity of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Rural Settlements and Degraded Seasonal Deciduous Forests. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:240-247. [PMID: 34632513 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biting midges are widespread in Brazilian natural ecosystems. However, deforestation and other activities that impact the environment are reducing natural habitats where biting midges proliferate. The objective of this study was to verify whether there is variation in the composition, richness, abundance, and seasonality of biting midges between wild and rural environments, in a forest area with intense deforestation. Biting midges were captured using 6 traps installed at an average height of 1.5 m in the peridomicile, intradomicile, and deciduous seasonal forests, once a month from May 2012 to April 2013. In total, 2,182 specimens of 13 species of the genus Culicoides were captured. Species richness was similar in the intradomicile (13 species), forest (12), and peridomicile (11), but species diversity was greater in the peridomicile (H' = 0.803) compared with the intradomicile (H' = 0.717) and forest (H' = 0.687). The order of species dominance varied between the forest (Culicoides paucienfuscatus Barbosa > Culicoides leopodoi Ortiz > Culicoides foxi Ortiz > Culicoides ignacioi Forattini) and peridomicile + intradomicile habitats (C. paucienfuscatus > C. foxi > C. filariferus Hoffman > C. ignacioi). The activity of these dipterans was strongly influenced by meteorological variables, as biting midges are predominant in the rainy season (80.7% of specimens), when higher rainfall, relative humidity, and lower temperatures prevail. The abundance of biting midges was higher in the peridomicile + intradomicile (83.7% of specimens) compared with the degraded forest (16.3%), a result that reflects the loss of forest habitat due to intense and progressive deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Conceição Abreu Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária-Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allane Barros Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Dos Santos CB, Brazil RP, Pinto IDES. New species of Boreofairchildia Wagner amp; Stuckenberg and Laurenceomyia Wagner amp; Stuckenberg (Diptera: Psychodidae: Bruchomyiinae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 2021; 4974:391395. [PMID: 34186851 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Two new species of Bruchomyiinae Macquart from Brazil are described and illustrated. Laurenceomyia peixotoi Santos, Brazil Pinto sp. nov. to Amazon Forest and Boreofairchildia alexanderi Santos, Brazil Pinto sp. nov. to Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiney Biral Dos Santos
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, 29.040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil..
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21.040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil..
| | - Israel DE Souza Pinto
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21.040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil..
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de Almeida JV, de Souza CF, Fuzari AA, Joya CA, Valdivia HO, Bartholomeu DC, Brazil RP. Diagnosis and identification of Leishmania species in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of Roraima, Brazil's Amazon Region. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:32. [PMID: 33413563 PMCID: PMC7791761 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Brazil that is highly prevalent in the northern region of the country. Although there is a continuous and growing number of cases registered in the state of Roraima, there is limited information regarding the species of Leishmania that affect the human population. In this study, we aimed to characterize which Leishmania species cause human disease in those presenting with cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic areas of the State of Roraima. Methods We conducted a prospective surveillance study between 2016 to 2018 in health centers located in the State of Roraima, Brazil. Participants with clinical suspicion of CL were enrolled and provided lesion samples for parasitological detection by microscopy. A subset of the samples was tested by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1 PCR) for molecular species identification. Results A total of 262 participants were enrolled in this study. Of those, 129 (49.27%) were positive by parasitological examination. Most positive subjects (81.58%) were male, and most cases presented a single lesion (80.26%). ITS-1 PCR and sequencing on a subset of 76 samples allowed us to detect nine different species of Leishmania: L. (V.) braziliensis, L (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) naiffi, L. (V.) shawi, L.(V.) utingensis, L. (V.) lindenbergi, L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) mexicana. Conclusions Our study provides the first assessment of circulating species of Leishmania in the State of Roraima, Brazil, and shows the high diversity in this region. This study opens the path for further research on the transmission of leishmaniasis in the northernmost Brazilian State including vector and reservoir surveillance as well as for intensification of investigation and control activities against CL in the region.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseneide Viana de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristian Ferreira de Souza
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa Alencastre Fuzari
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christie A Joya
- Department of Parasitology, US Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Hugo O Valdivia
- Department of Parasitology, US Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Almeida JVD, Souza CFD, Teixeira IDO, Valdivia HO, Bartholomeu DC, Brazil RP. Parasitological and molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis among indigenous peoples in the state of Roraima, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200006. [PMID: 33111906 PMCID: PMC7580279 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0006-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cardoso MS, Bento GA, de Almeida LV, de Castro JC, Reis-Cunha JL, Barbosa VDA, de Souza CF, Brazil RP, Valdivia HO, Bartholomeu DC. Detection of multiple circulating Leishmania species in Lutzomyia longipalpis in the city of Governador Valadares, southeastern Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211831. [PMID: 30721272 PMCID: PMC6363391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis encompasses a group of diverse clinical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. This disease is a major public health problem in the New World affecting people exposed in endemic regions. The city of Governador Valadares (Minas Gerais/Brazil) is a re-emerging area for visceral leishmaniasis, with 191 human cases reported from 2008 to 2017 and a lethality rate of 14.7%. The transmission of the parasite occurs intensely in this region with up to 22% of domestic dogs with positive serology for the visceral form. Lu. longipalpis is one of the most abundant sand fly species in this area. Despite this scenario, so far there is no information regarding the circulating Leishmania species in the insect vector Lutzomyia longipalpis in this focus. We collected 616 female Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies between January and September 2015 in the Vila Parque Ibituruna neighborhood (Governador Valadares/MG), which is located on a transitional area between the sylvatic and urban environments with residences built near a preserved area. After DNA extraction of individual sand flies, the natural Leishmania infections in Lu. longipalpis were detected by conventional PCR, using primers derived from kDNA sequences, specific for L. (Leishmania) or L. (Viannia) subgenus. The sensitivity of these PCR reactions was 0.1 pg of DNA for each Leishmania subgenus and the total infection rate of 16.2% (100 positive specimens). Species-specific PCR detected the presence of multiple Leishmania species in infected Lu. longipalpis specimens in Governador Valadares, including L. amazonensis (n = 3), L. infantum (n = 28), L. (Viannia) spp. (n = 20), coinfections with L. infantum and L. (Viannia) spp. (n = 5), and L. (Leishmania) spp (n = 44). Our results demonstrate that multiple Leishmania species circulate in Lu. longipalpis in Governador Valadares and reveal a potential increasing risk of transmission of the different circulating parasite species. This information reinforces the need for epidemiological and entomological surveillance in this endemic focus, and the development of effective control strategies against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos Cardoso
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Ariadine Bento
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laila Viana de Almeida
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joseane Camilla de Castro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Luís Reis-Cunha
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ferreira TN, Pita-Pereira D, Costa SG, Brazil RP, Moraes CS, Díaz-Albiter HM, Genta FA. Transmission blocking sugar baits for the control of Leishmania development inside sand flies using environmentally friendly beta-glycosides and their aglycones. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:614. [PMID: 30501613 PMCID: PMC6271627 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, a disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Adults of this insect feed on blood (females only) or sugar from plant sources, but their digestion of carbohydrates is poorly studied. Beta-glycosides as esculin and amygdalin are plant compounds and release toxic compounds as esculetin and mandelonitrile when hydrolyzed. Beta-glucosidase and trehalase are essential enzymes in sand fly metabolism and participate in sugar digestion. It is therefore possible that the toxic portions of these glycosides, released during digestion, affect sand fly physiology and the development of Leishmania. Results We tested the oral administration to sand flies of amygdalin, esculin, mandelonitrile, and esculetin in the sugar meal. These compounds significantly decreased the longevity of Lutzomyia longipalpis females and males. Lutzomyia longipalpis adults have significant hydrolytic activities against esculin and feeding on this compound cause changes in trehalase and β-glucosidase activities. Female trehalase activity is inhibited in vitro by esculin. Esculin is naturally fluorescent, so its ingestion may be detected and quantified in whole insects or tissue samples stored in methanol. Mandelonitrile neither affected the amount of sugar ingested by sand flies nor showed repellent activity. Our results show that mandelonitrile significantly reduces the viability of L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis, L. infantum and L. mexicana, in a concentration-dependent manner. Esculetin caused a similar effect, reducing the number of L. infantum and L. mexicana. Female L. longipalpis fed on mandelonitrile had a reduction in the number of parasites and prevalence of infection after seven days of infection with L. mexicana, either by counting in a Neubauer chamber or by qPCR assays. Conclusions Glycosides have significant effects on L. longipalpis longevity and metabolism and also affect the development of parasites in culture and inside the insect. These observations might help to conceptualize new vector control strategies using transmission blocking sugar baits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3122-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá Neves Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pita-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samara Graciane Costa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hector Manuel Díaz-Albiter
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad Villahermosa, Villahermosa, México
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Costa PL, Brazil RP, Fuzari AA, Latrofa MS, Annoscia G, Tarallo VD, Capelli G, Otranto D, Brandão-Filho SP, Dantas-Torres F. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Lutzomyia migonei from three Brazilian states. Acta Trop 2018; 187:144-150. [PMID: 30063885 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia migonei is incriminated as a vector of Leishmania braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Recently, this phlebotomine sand fly species has been suggested as a vector for Leishmania infantum, which causes zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Considering the widespread distribution of Lu. migonei in South America, the existence of isolated populations has been hypothesized. Three Lu. migonei populations, two from north-eastern Brazil (Machados, Pernambuco State, and Baturité, Ceará State) and other from the south-eastern region (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State) were analysed both morphologically and genetically. Though no significant morphological differences were found amongst the sand fly specimens analysed, discriminant analysis based on specific morphometric characters (i.e., length of wing, antennal segment 3 and coxite for males, and length of wing and antennal segment 3 for females), showed that specimens from Machados were closer to Baturité than to Niterói. The molecular analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences also supported this observation by the distinct separation of two monophyletic clades, grouping specimens from Machados and Baturité separately from those of Niterói. Our results suggest the existence of different populations within the distribution range of Lu. migonei. Whether these populations are reproductively isolated and/or present differences in terms of vector competence/capacity for L. braziliensis and L. infantum needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietra Lemos Costa
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Stefania Latrofa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giada Annoscia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Domenica Tarallo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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Moreira de Ávila M, Fernandes Brilhante A, Galati EAB, Cardoso ADS, Peçanha Brazil R. Sciopemyia vattierae (Le Pont & Desjeux, 1992) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae): new record from Acre state, Brazil. CheckList 2018. [DOI: 10.15560/14.4.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sciopemyia vattierae (Le Pont & Desjeux, 1992) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) is reported for the first time from Brazil. Five male and 4 female specimens were collected using HP light traps set up in a rural area of the municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil, from December 2014 to January 2016. This species was previously known only in Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia. Our new record extends the known distribution of S. vattierae to the Amazonian region of Acre and represents a new national record for Brazil.
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Araujo-Pereira TD, Pita-Pereira DD, Moreira RB, Silva-Galdino T, Duarte MPDO, Brazil RP, Britto C. Molecular diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Acre State in the Amazonian Region of Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:376-381. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0232-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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de Ávila MM, Brilhante AF, de Souza CF, Bevilacqua PD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP. Ecology, feeding and natural infection by Leishmania spp. of phlebotomine sand flies in an area of high incidence of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:64. [PMID: 29373995 PMCID: PMC5787322 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are insects of medical importance due to their involvement in the zoonotic transmission of Leishmania spp. to vertebrates. The aim of this work was to study the ecology of the sand fly fauna of two types of environments, a rural environment (the Transacreana Road) and an urban park (Horto Florestal Park), both located in the municipality of Rio Branco in the state of Acre, Brazil. Additionally, this study intended to investigate Leishmania infection and blood meal sources of these sand flies using molecular techniques. METHODS The sand fly fauna was studied in different environments (i.e. forest and peridomestic environments in a rural area, and an urban forest) using Shannon traps and HP light traps to collect sand fly specimens over 13 consecutive months (December 2014 to January 2016). For investigating natural infection by Leishmania and the source of sand fly blood meals, DNA samples were extracted from female sand flies and subjected to polymerase chain reaction targeting ITS1 and cytb genes. DNA sequencing was subsequently used to identify species of Leishmania and the source of blood meals. RESULTS A total of 2515 individual sand flies of 43 species were collected and identified, Trichophoromyia auraensis (839; 33.35%), Trichophoromyia spp. (537; 21.35%) and Evandromyia saulensis (187; 7.43%) were more abundant in the rural area (S = 41 species) than in the urban forest. No significant differences were found in species richness between forest and peridomestic environments in the rural area (H = 0.04; P > 0.05), but a larger number of species was found in the forest. Leishmania DNA was sequenced in 13 samples, confirming the presence of L. (V.) braziliensis in Th. auraensis (n = 1), Ev. saulensis (n = 2), Ev. walkeri (n = 1), Ps. llanosmartinsi (n = 1), Pi. nevesi (n = 2), Ps. davisi (n = 1), Ps. ayrozai (n = 1), Pa. aragaoi (n = 1), Ny. antunesi (n = 1) and Ev. infraspinosa (n = 1). Only Ps. ayrozai possessed a sequence similar to that of L. (V.) guyanensis (99%). Through microscopic analysis, five specimens of Ev. saulensis were found to possess flagellate forms in the hindgut, with an infection rate of 2.4%. Samples from 33 fed females were submitted to cytb gene amplification, for which sequencing determined that all were similar to the sequence deposited on GenBank for Gallus gallus (domestic chicken). CONCLUSIONS The high abundance of Trichophoromyia auraensis and Ev. saulensis, and the detection of L. (V.) braziliensis DNA, suggests that both species may be vectors of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Psychodopygus ayrozai was found to be infected by L. (V) braziliesnsis and L. (V.) guyanensis, and although collected in low abundance, it may be a potential vector in the region. The sand fly fauna was found to be rich and diverse with predominance of the genus Psychodopygus. Identification of food sources of fed females showed that 100% amplified a gene region compatible with the domestic chicken, which although considered refractory in the disease transmission cycle, may have an influence on the population dynamics of sand flies.
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Araujo-Pereira TD, Pita-Pereira DD, Boité MC, Melo M, Costa-Rego TAD, Fuzari AA, Brazil RP, Britto C. First description of Leishmania (Viannia) infection in Evandromyia saulensis, Pressatia sp. and Trichophoromyia auraensis (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Amazon Basin, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:75-78. [PMID: 28076470 PMCID: PMC5225531 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the sandfly fauna to evaluate natural infection indexes are still limited in the Brazilian Amazon, a region with an increasing incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here, by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction directed to Leishmania kDNA and hybridisation, we were able to identify L. (Viannia) subgenus in 12 out of 173 sandflies captured in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state, revealing a positivity of 6.94%. By sequencing the Leishmania 234 bp-hsp70 amplified products from positive samples, infection by L. (V.) braziliensis was confirmed in five sandflies: one Evandromyia saulensis, three Trichophoromyia auraensis and one Pressatia sp. The finding of L. (Viannia) DNA in two Ev. saulensis corresponds to the first record of possible infection associated with this sandfly. Moreover, our study reveals for the first time in Brazil, Th. auraensis and Pressatia sp. infected by L. (Viannia) parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Araujo-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daniela de Pita-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariana Côrtes Boité
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Myllena Melo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Taiana Amancio da Costa-Rego
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andressa Alencastre Fuzari
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Constança Britto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Carvalho GML, Brazil RP, Rêgo FD, Ramos MCNF, Zenóbio APLA, Andrade Filho JD. Molecular Detection of Leishmania DNA in Wild-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From a Cave in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2017; 54:196-203. [PMID: 28082647 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are distributed throughout the world, and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. In Brazil, Leishmania transmission involves several species of phlebotomine sand flies that are closely associated with different parasites and reservoirs, and thereby giving rise to different transmission cycles. Infection occurs during the bloodmeals of sand flies obtained from a variety of wild and domestic animals, and sometimes from humans. The present study focused on detection of Leishmania DNA in phlebotomine sand flies from a cave in the state of Minas Gerais. Detection of Leishmania in female sand flies was performed with ITS1 PCR-RFLP (internal transcribed spacer 1) using HaeIII enzyme and genetic sequencing for SSUrRNA target. The survey of Leishmania DNA was carried out on 232 pools and the parasite DNA was detected in four: one pool of Lutzomyia cavernicola (Costa Lima, 1932), infected with Le. infantum (ITS1 PCR-RFLP), two pools of Evandromyia sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho, 1939), both infected with Leishmania braziliensis complex (SSUrRNA genetic sequencing analysis), and one pool of Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte, 1927), infected with subgenus Leishmania (SSUrRNA genetic sequencing analysis). The present study identified the species for Leishmania DNA detected in four pools of sand flies, all of which were captured inside the cave. These results represent the first molecular detection of Lu cavernicola with Le infantum DNA, Sc sordellii with subgenus Leishmania DNA, and Ev sallesi with Leishmania braziliensis complex DNA. The infection rate in females captured for this study was 0.17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M L Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - R P Brazil
- Laboratório de doenças parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pavilhão Arthur Neiva, sala 22. Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, CEP 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - F D Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - M C N F Ramos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - A P L A Zenóbio
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
| | - J D Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715 Barro Preto, CEP 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (; ; ; ; )
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Fuzari AA, Delmondes AFDS, Barbosa VDA, Marra FDA, Brazil RP. Presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Parque Estadual da Serra da Tiririca, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 49:616-619. [PMID: 27812657 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0082-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, is the main vector of Leishmania infantum in the Americas, primarily occurring in areas of apparent anthropomorphic modifications in several regions of Brazil. METHODS Sand flies were captured using light traps. RESULTS Out of all captured species, Lu. longipalpis numbers had increased within the park. CONCLUSIONS We report the occurrence of Lu. longipalpis in an area of Atlantic Forest, possibly representing the first sylvatic population of Lu. longipalpis in an area absent of peridomestic captures, but with the risk of L. infantum transmission in the areas of Niterói and Maricá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Alencastre Fuzari
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa De Araújo Barbosa
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco de Assis Marra
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Perez TD, Figueiredo FB, Junior AAMV, Silva VL, Madeira MDF, Brazil RP, Coura JR. PREVALENCE OF AMERICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS AND LEISHMANIASES IN DOMESTIC DOGS IN A RURAL AREA OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF SÃO JOÃO DO PIAUÍ, PIAUÍ STATE, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:79. [PMID: 27828620 PMCID: PMC5096633 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease and the leishmaniases are endemic zoonoses of great importance to public health in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is a major reservoir, host of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in both urban and rural areas, playing an important role in the transmission of these parasites. The present study evaluated the prevalence of both infectious diseases in dogs of a rural area in the municipality of São João do Piauí, Piauí State. One hundred twenty-nine blood samples were collected for serological assessment: for the leishmaniases, 49 (38%) animals tested positive by the Dual-Path Platform technology (DPP), nine (6%) by the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and 19 (14.7%) by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody test (IFA); while for American Trypanosomiasis, 36 (28%) dogs were reagent by ELISA and 21 by IFA. Of the 129 dogs sampled, 76 were submitted to xenodiagnosis, bone marrow aspiration and skin biopsy to perform parasitological tests whose results showed only one (2.3%) positive skin sample for Trypanosoma caninum and one positive xenodiagnosis for T. cruzi, both results confirmed by molecular assays. Three hundred triatomines of the species Triatoma brasiliensis and 552 phlebotomines - 509 (97%) of the species Lutzomyia longipalpis, were also captured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taliha Dias Perez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: ; ;
| | - Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: ;
| | - Artur Augusto Mendes Velho Junior
- Instituto de Pesquisa Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: ;
| | - Valmir Laurentino Silva
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (FIOCRUZ), Setor Imunodiagnóstico do Laboratório de Pesquisa e Serviço em Saúde Pública do Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Maria de Fátima Madeira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail:
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: ; ;
| | - José Rodrigues Coura
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mails: ; ;
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de Souza Rocha L, Dos Santos CB, Falqueto A, Brazil RP. Natural infection of Evandromyia lenti (Mangabeira) (Diptera: Psychodidae) by Psychodiella chagasi (Adler & Mayrink) (Apicomplexa: Lecudinidae). J Vector Ecol 2015; 40:419-421. [PMID: 26611981 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Souza Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Centro Universitário do Espírito Santo, Av. Fioravante Rossi, 2930, 29703-900 Colatina, ES, Brasil
| | - Claudiney Biral Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Unidade de Medicina Tropical Departamento de Patologia/Parasitologia, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Aloísio Falqueto
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Unidade de Medicina Tropical Departamento de Patologia/Parasitologia, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Pinto IDS, Chagas BDD, Rodrigues AAF, Ferreira AL, Rezende HR, Bruno RV, Falqueto A, Andrade-Filho JD, Galati EAB, Shimabukuro PHF, Brazil RP, Peixoto AA. DNA Barcoding of Neotropical Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae): Species Identification and Discovery within Brazil. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140636. [PMID: 26506007 PMCID: PMC4624639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding has been an effective tool for species identification in several animal groups. Here, we used DNA barcoding to discriminate between 47 morphologically distinct species of Brazilian sand flies. DNA barcodes correctly identified approximately 90% of the sampled taxa (42 morphologically distinct species) using clustering based on neighbor-joining distance, of which four species showed comparatively higher maximum values of divergence (range 4.23–19.04%), indicating cryptic diversity. The DNA barcodes also corroborated the resurrection of two species within the shannoni complex and provided an efficient tool to differentiate between morphologically indistinguishable females of closely related species. Taken together, our results validate the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for species identification and the discovery of cryptic diversity in sand flies from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel de Souza Pinto
- Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Bruna Dias das Chagas
- Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Adelson Luiz Ferreira
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Helder Ricas Rezende
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular – INCT-EM/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aloisio Falqueto
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, UFES, Marechal Campos Ave. 1468, 29043900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade-Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Augusto de Lima Ave. 1715, 30190002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, USP, Dr. Arnaldo Cerqueira Cesar Ave. 715, 01246904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Augusto de Lima Ave. 1715, 30190002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Lab. de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Afranio Peixoto
- Lab. de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil Ave. 4365, 21040360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Brazil RP. The dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis in urban areas. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 46:263-4. [PMID: 23856862 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0101-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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de Oliveira EF, dos Santos Fernandes CE, Araújo e Silva E, Brazil RP, de Oliveira AG. Climatic factors and population density of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) in an urban endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in midwest Brazil. J Vector Ecol 2013; 38:224-228. [PMID: 24581349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The life cycle of vectors and the reservoirs that participate in the chain of infectious diseases have a strong relationship with the environmental dynamics of the ecosystems in which they live. Oscillations in population abundance and seasonality of insects can be explained by factors inherent in each region and time period. Therefore, knowledge of the relationship and influence of environmental factors on the population of Lutzomyia longipalpis is necessary because of the high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. This study evaluates the influence of abiotic variables on the population density and seasonal behavior of L. longipalpis in an urban endemic area of VL in Brazil. The sand fly captures were performed every two months between November, 2009 and November, 2010 in the peridomicile of 13 randomly selected residences. We captured 1,367 specimens of L. longipalpis, and the ratio of male/female flies was 2.86:1. The comparison of the total male specimens in the two seasons showed a statistical difference in the wet season, but there was no significant difference when considering the total females. With respect to climatic variables, a significant negative association was observed only with wind speed. During periods of high wind speeds, the population density of this vector decreased. The presence of L. longipalpis was found in all months of the study with bimodal behavior and population peaks during the wet season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070900, Brazil.
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Nascimento MDDSB, Silva MH, Viana GMDC, Leonardo FS, Bezerra GFDB, Silva ASGE, Soares VCP, Pereira SRF, Rebêlo JMM, Brazil RP. Spatial dynamics of urban populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Caxias, State of Maranhão, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:555-9. [PMID: 24270246 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0150-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this paper, we report the ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Caxias City, located in the eastern part of State of Maranhão, Brazil and highlight its seasonal and geographical distribution by environment. In addition, we discuss natural Leishmania infection and its relationship with visceral leishmaniasis. METHODS Between September 2007 and August 2009, the collection of sandflies was performed using Center for Disease Control (CDC) light traps from 15 houses in 5 selected neighborhoods. RESULTS Lutzomyia longipalpis was present in all zones of the city. We also found that Lu. longipalpis was regularly detected both inside and around the house, predominantly in outdoor areas. In urban areas, Lu. longipalpis was present in both the dry and rainy seasons, with a higher density present in the latter. One female specimen of Lu. longipalpis was observed to have natural Leishmania infection. CONCLUSIONS The presence of Lu. longipalpis was observed throughout the year during 2 seasonal periods, with a predominance in the rainy season. A low rate of natural Leishmania infection was observed in urban areas during the rainy season.
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Rodrigues AAF, Barbosa VDA, Andrade Filho JD, Brazil RP. The sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) of the Parque Estadual da Serra da Tiririca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:943-6. [PMID: 24141956 PMCID: PMC3970638 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the state of Rio de Janeiro is sporadic and can
be characterised as a peridomestic transmission that occurs in modified natural
environments. The aim of this work was to study the fauna and ecological
characteristics of sandflies in an environmentally protected area (the State
Park of Serra da Tiririca) within the remnants of the Atlantic Forest in the
municipalities of Niterói and Maricá and their possible relationship with
leishmaniasis. Captures were performed using light traps during the night once a
month for one year in both sylvatic environments and areas surrounding homes
near the park. A total of 1,037 sandflies were captured, belonging to nine
genera and 12 species: Evandromyia tupynambai (34.1%),
Migonemyia migonei (20.6%), Brumptomyia
cunhai (13.8%), Micropygomyia schreiberi (9.7%),
Psathyromyia lanei (6.5%), Brumptomyia
nitzulescui (5.7%), Evandromyia edwardsi
(5.4%), Nyssomyia intermedia (2.8%), Evandromyia
cortelezzii (0.6%), Pintomyia bianchigalatiae
(0.5%), Lutzomyia longipalpis (0.2%) and Sciopemyia
microps (0.1%). Both Mg. migonei and Ny.
intermedia may be acting as vectors of CL in this area.
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Carvalho GMDL, Brazil RP, Ramos MCDNF, Serra e Meira PCL, Zenóbio APLDA, Botelho HA, Sanguinette CDC, Saraiva L, Andrade Filho JD. Ecological aspects of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a cave of the speleological province of Bambuí, Brazil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77158. [PMID: 24130847 PMCID: PMC3793969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomines are invertebrate hosts of Leishmania genus species which are etiological agents of leishmaniases in humans and other mammals. Sandflies are often collected in entomological studies of caves both in the inner area and the adjacent environments. Caves are ecotypes clearly different from the external environment. Several caves have been opened to public visitation before any studies were performed and the places do not have scientific monitoring of the fauna, flora, geological and geographical characteristics. These events can lead to the loss of geological and biological information. Considering these aspects, this study aimed to describe the sand fly fauna, including the ecological features, in a limestone cave at the Speleological Province of Bambuí (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). A total of 8,354 specimens of sandflies belonging to 29 species were analyzed: Lutzomyia cavernicola (20%), Nyssomyia intermedia (15%), Martinsmyia oliveirai (13%), Evandromyia spelunca (12%), Evandromyia sallesi (11%), Migonemyia migonei (9%), Nyssomyia whitmani (9%), Sciopemyia sordellii (4%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (2%). The others species represent 5% of the total. This manuscript presents data found on richness, diversity, evenness and seasonality, comparing the sand fly fauna trapped in the cave and its surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Helbert Antônio Botelho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Saraiva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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De Oliveira EF, Silva EA, Casaril AE, Fernandes CES, Paranhos Filho AC, Gamarra RM, Ribeiro AA, Brazil RP, Oliveira AG. Behavioral aspects of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in urban area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. J Med Entomol 2013; 50:277-284. [PMID: 23540114 DOI: 10.1603/me12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study of some of the behavioral aspects of the main vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi Cunha & Chagas in the Americas, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), such as dispersion, population size, and vector survival rates, is important for the elucidation of the mechanisms of visceral leishmaniasis transmission. These parameters were studied by means of capture-mark-release-recapture experiments in an urban area of Campo Grande municipality, an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, situated in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Six capture-mark-release-recapture experiments were undertaken between November 2009 and November 2010 and once in January 2012 with a view to assessing the population size and survival rate of Lu. longipalpis. The insects were released in a peridomicile surrounded by 13 residences. The recaptures were undertaken with automatic light traps for four consecutive weeks after release in the surrounding area. In total, 3,354 sand flies were captured, marked, and released. The overall recapture rate during the capture-mark-release-recapture experiments was 4.23%, of which 92.45% were recaptured at the release site, indicating limited dispersal. The greatest distance recorded from the release site was 165 m for males and 241 m for females. The male daily survival rate, calculated on the basis of regressions from the numbers of marked recaptured insects during the 15 successive days after release was 0.897. The estimated male population size measured by the Lincoln Index was 10,947.127. Though Lu. longipalpis presented a limited dispersion the physical barriers typical of urban environments did not prevent the sand flies from flying long distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F De Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, Campo Grande, MS 79000-001, Brazil.
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Carvalho GMDL, Brazil RP, Saraiva L, Quaresma PF, Botelho HA, Ramos MCDNF, de Almeida Zenóbio APL, e Meira PCLS, de Castilho Sanguinette C, Filho JDA. Hourly activity and natural infection of sandflies (Diptera: psychodidae) captured from the aphotic zone of a cave, minas gerais state, Brazil. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52254. [PMID: 23284957 PMCID: PMC3526590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandflies are holometabolous insects that are of great epidemiological importance in the neotropical region as vectors of leishmaniases. Caves are ecotopes that significantly differ from external environments and, among the insects that live or visit their internal area and adjacent environment, sandflies are commonly found. Based on this context, the objective of this work was to examine the period of activity of sandflies in the cave environment in the aphotic zone. Thus, four sandfly captures were conducted, one in each season of the year, in a cave where studies on the bioecological aspects of sandfly fauna have been conducted since 2008. In this same study, we have also noticed the presence of flagellates in some captured females. Catches were carried out for 24 hours using a Shannon trap, light bait, and cave walls were actively searched. We collected a total of 638 sandflies, representing 11 species. The most abundant species and with more intense period of activity were, in descending order: Lu. cavernicola (62%), Ev. spelunca (16%) and Ev. sallesi (14%). A total of 69 females were dissected to check for natural infection, and in five specimens we found living flagellated forms: two Ev. spelunca, two Ev. sallesi and one Sc. sordellii. This study shows that the activity of some species caught in the aphotic zone of the cave, especially Lu. cavernicola, differs from what has already been reported in previous sandfly captures, which are almost always conducted at night and during twilight. The existence of sandflies that were naturally infected with flagellates and the lack of awareness regarding the behaviour of sandflies in cave environments are strong indicators of the need for further study on this group of insects in this ecotope, as a safety measure to protect the visitors of such environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Peçanha Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lara Saraiva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Flávia Quaresma
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helbert Antônio Botelho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cristiani de Castilho Sanguinette
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Oliveira EFD, Silva EAE, Fernandes CEDS, Paranhos Filho AC, Gamarra RM, Ribeiro AA, Brazil RP, Oliveira AGD. Biotic factors and occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:396-401. [PMID: 22510836 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationships between environmental exposure to risk agents and health conditions have been studied with the aid of remote sensing imagery, a tool particularly useful in the study of vegetation cover. This study aims to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of the abundance of Lutzomyia longipalpis and the reported canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases at an urban area of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The sandfly captures were performed in 13 residences that were selected by raffle considering four residences or collection station for buffer. These buffers were generated from the central house with about 50, 100 and 200 m from it in an endemic area of VL. The abundance of sandflies and human and canine cases were georreferenced using the GIS software PCI Geomatica. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percentage of land covered by vegetation were the environmental variables extracted from a remote sensing IKONOS-2 image. The average NDVI was considered as the complexity of habitat and the standard deviation as the heterogeneity of habitat. One thousand three hundred sixty-seven specimens were collected during the catch. We found a significant positive linear correlation between the abundance of sandflies and the percentage of vegetation cover and average NDVI. However, there was no significant association between habitat heterogeneity and the abundance of these flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina Dr Hélio Mandetta, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
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Moraes CS, Lucena SA, Moreira BHS, Brazil RP, Gontijo NF, Genta FA. Relationship between digestive enzymes and food habit of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) larvae: Characterization of carbohydrases and digestion of microorganisms. J Insect Physiol 2012; 58:1136-1145. [PMID: 22684112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) is the main vector of American Visceral Leishmaniasis. In spite of its medical importance and several studies concerning adult digestive physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, very few studies have been carried out to elucidate the digestion in sandfly larvae. Even the breeding sites and food sources of these animals in the field are largely uncharacterized. In this paper, we describe and characterize several carbohydrases from the gut of L. longipalpis larvae, and show that they are probably not acquired from food. The enzyme profile of this insect is consistent with the digestion of fungal and bacterial cells, which were proved to be ingested by larvae under laboratory conditions. In this respect, sandfly larvae might have a detritivore habit in nature, being able to exploit microorganisms usually encountered in the detritus as a food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Moraes
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rosa J, Pereira DP, Brazil RP, Filho JDA, Salomón O, Szelag E. Natural infection of cortelezzii complex (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) with Leishmania braziliensis in Chaco, Argentina. Acta Trop 2012; 123:128-31. [PMID: 22569560 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Argentina, American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) extends up to 29°S in the phytogeographic regions of the Yungas (west), Chaco (center) and Paranaense (east). Since the Phlebotominae vectors of this disease in the western Chaco (dry Chaco) are unknown, in the present work, we studied the natural infection in Phlebotominae by PCR-ERFLP and Dot blot in order to incriminate these organisms as potential vectors. Captures with CDC-type traps were performed monthly in the domicile, the peridomicile and the forest in the Municipio Misión Nueva Pompeya, Chaco, Argentina, in two sites with human cases of ACL: Los Pozos (24°54'S, 61°22'W) and Fortín Arenales (24°58'S, 61°21'W), from November 2006 to December 2007. A total of 1702 Phlebotominae were captured: Mygonemyia migonei (83.8%), cortelezzii complex (11.1%), Mycropigomyia peresi (3.3%), Mycropygomy quinquefer (1.2%), Pintomyia torresi (0.2%) and Nyssomyia neivai (0.2%). Although no significant differences were found in species diversity, there were significant differences in abundance between both sites studied. A total of 80 phlebotomine females were analyzed: 50 of the cortelezzii complex and 30 My. migonei. No intestinal flagellates were observed by light microscopy. Two pools of 10 individuals of the cortelezzii complex of the peridomicile and forest of Fortín Arenales were reactive by PCR and Dot blot for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. In Argentina, Evandromyia cortelezzii has been incriminated as a likely vector of ACL because of its abundance in areas of sporadic outbreaks. In the present work, Ev. cortelezzii females were found naturally infected, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that the members of the cortelezzii complex act as vectors of the disease.
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Alves GB, Oshiro ET, Leite MDC, Melão AV, Ribeiro LM, Mateus NLF, Brazil RP, Andrade Filho JD, Oliveira AGD. Phlebotomine sandflies fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) at rural settlements in the municipality of Cáceres, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:437-43. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012005000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is expanding across Brazil, including the State of Mato Grosso (MT). The aim of this study was to characterize the phlebotomine sandfly fauna at threerural settlements located in the municipality of Cáceres, MT, from August 2010 to July 2011. METHODS: Sandfly captures were conducted at the forest border and in intra and peridomicile areas with automatic light traps, biweekly, from 5pm to 6am. RESULTS: Of the 630 sandflies collected, 348 were female, and 282 were male. Captured specimens were distributed across 11 genera - Brumptomyia, Evandromyia, Expapillata, Lutzomyia, Martinsmyia, Micropygomyia, Nyssomyia, Pintomyia, Psathyromyia, Psychodopygus, and Sciopemyia - and 28 species. Among these, six species had not been marked yet in MT (Brumptomyia avellari, Br. mangabeirai, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Micropygomyia echinatopharynx, Micropygomyia peresi, and Pa. campograndensis). Nyssomyia whitmani was the most abundant species across ecotopes at all settlements. Interestingly, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia cruzi were found in sympatry. CONCLUSIONS: The disorganized occupation of the environment that is happening at the rural settlements of Mata Comprida, Laranjeira I and II could provide opportunities for the domiciliation of wild populations of phlebotomine, including vectors of leishmaniasis. Therefore, more studies are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease in these areas and its impact on the human population.
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de Castro Côrtes LM, de Souza Pereira MC, da Silva FS, Pereira BAS, de Oliveira Junior FO, de Araújo Soares RO, Brazil RP, Toma L, Vicente CM, Nader HB, de Fátima Madeira M, Bello FJ, Alves CR. Participation of heparin binding proteins from the surface of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigotes in the adhesion of parasites to Lutzomyia longipalpis cells (Lulo) in vitro. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:142. [PMID: 22805335 PMCID: PMC3419669 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania (V.) braziliensis is a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. During the parasite life cycle, the promastigotes adhere to the gut of sandflies, to avoid being eliminated with the dejection. The Lulo cell line, derived from Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), is a suitable in vitro study model to understand the features of parasite adhesion. Here, we analyze the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from Lulo cells and proteins from the parasites in this event. Methods Flagellar (Ff) and membrane (Mf) fractions from promastigotes were obtained by differential centrifugation and the purity of fractions confirmed by western blot assays, using specific antibodies for cellular compartments. Heparin-binding proteins (HBP) were isolated from both fractions using a HiTrap-Heparin column. In addition, binding of promastigotes to Lulo cells or to a heparin-coated surface was assessed by inhibition assays or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. Results The success of promastigotes subcellular fractionation led to the obtainment of Ff and Mf proteins, both of which presented two main protein bands (65.0 and 55.0kDa) with affinity to heparin. The contribution of HBPs in the adherence of promastigotes to Lulo cells was assessed through competition assays, using HS or the purified HBPs fractions. All tested samples presented a measurable inhibition rate when compared to control adhesion rate (17 ± 2.0% of culture cells with adhered parasites): 30% (for HS 20μg/ml) and 16% (for HS 10μg/ml); HBP Mf (35.2% for 10μg/ml and 25.4% for 20μg/ml) and HBP Ff (10.0% for 10μg/ml and 31.4% for 20μg/ml). Additionally, to verify the presence of sulfated GAGs in Lulo cells surface and intracellular compartment, metabolic labeling with radioactive sulfate was performed, indicating the presence of an HS and chondroitin sulfate in both cell sections. The SPR analysis performed further confirmed the presence of GAGs ligands on L. (V.) braziliensis promastigote surfaces. Conclusions The data presented here point to evidences that HBPs present on the surface of L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes participate in adhesion of these parasites to Lulo cells through HS participation.
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Carreira JCA, da Silva AVM, de Pita Pereira D, Brazil RP. Natural infection of Didelphis aurita (Mammalia: Marsupialia) with Leishmania infantum in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:111. [PMID: 22676324 PMCID: PMC3409019 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The opossum Didelphis have been considered as natural hosts of Leishmania parasites in the New World, suggesting an important role in the epidemiology of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Among six extant species that belong to the genus Didelphis, only two (D. marsupialis and D. albiventris), have been mentioned as natural hosts of Leishmania infantum in Brazil and Colombia. In the present paper, it is reported for the first time, the observation of intracellular parasites (amastigotes) in tissues of Didelphis aurita naturally infected with Leishmania infantum in Brazil. We also discuss some aspects associated to the relationship between L. infantum and the geographical distribution of some species of the genus Didelphis. Methods The opossums studied were caught by wire traps (Tomahawk) in Barra de Guaratiba, a peri-urban area in Rio de Janeiro. The opossums were killed with an overdose of Thiopental sodium.At necropsy, macroscopic alterations were examined and samples from liver, spleen, lymph nodes, ear, abdominal skin, scent glands and bone marrow were collected for parasitological and molecular diagnoses. Results Forty-eight opossums were captured in an AVL endemic region, 30 being caught in a mangrove area and eighteen animals in a forest area near to some residential-yards. Among the thirty opossums trapped in the mangrove area, all of them were negative by both imprint and sera samples assayed on Dipstick Tests, that is a test based on a combination of protein-A colloidal gold conjugate and rk39 Leishmania antigen to detect anti-Leishmania antibody in serum or plasma. At the macroscopic examination one out of eighteen opossums, caught close to the forest, presented alterations compatible with spleen hypertrophy and three were positive by Dipstick Tests (16.6%) and presented amastigotes in the spleen and in one of them, the parasites were also observed in a submandibular lymph node. Leishmania infantum infections were confirmed through dot blot hybridization using a L. infantum-specific biotinylated probe. Conclusions In the present paper we present the first report of amastigotes in the tissues of Didelphis aurita (Mammalia: Marsupialia) naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. We also attempt to claim the particular role of some opossum species as hosts of Leishmania infantum, contributing at least in part on the description of potential sylvatic reservoirs.
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Brazil RP, Pontes MCDQ, Passos WL, Fuzari AA, Brazil BG. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in the region of Saquarema: potential area of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:120-1. [PMID: 22370841 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi in the Americas. METHODS Phlebotomine captures were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in a rural area endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis located in the municipality of Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro. RESULTS Among other species captured, we observed the presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in this region, demonstrating the potential risk of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the coastal area of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, active vigilance by all municipalities in the area is necessary.
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Oliveira AG, Galati EAB, Fernandes CE, Dorval MEC, Brazil RP. Ecological aspects of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2012; 49:43-50. [PMID: 22308770 DOI: 10.1603/me11082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aspects of phlebotomine behavior were investigated in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The insects were captured weekly during December 2003 to November 2005, with Centers for Disease Control light traps at seven different sites including forests and residential areas. In total, 11,024 specimens (7,805 males and 3,219 females) were collected, from which 9,963 (90.38%) were identified as Lutzomyia longipalpis, the proven vector of American visceral leishmaniasis agent. The remaining 9.62% comprised 21 species. L. longipalpis was the most frequent species in all sampled sites, and the first in the ranking of standardized species abundance index. In residential areas this species clearly predominated in the peridomicile (90.96%), in contrast to the intradomicile (9.04%); in animal shelters, it was more numerous in hen houses and prevailed at ground level, inside, and at forest edge around the residences; this aspect is worrying because this insect may remain sheltered in forested environments during the use of insecticides in homes. In the forest environment, other probable or proven vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis agents were also captured such as Lutzomyia whitmani (=Nyssomyia whitmani, sensu Galati), Lutzomyia antunesi (=Nyssomyia antunesi, sensu Galati), and Lutzomyia flaviscutellata (=Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, sensu Galati).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gutierrez Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia/Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária s/n, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Machado da Silva AV, Magalhães MDAFM, Peçanha Brazil R, Carreira JCA. Ecological study and risk mapping of leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brazil based on a geographical information systems approach. Geospat Health 2011; 6:33-40. [PMID: 22109861 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2011.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease highly influenced by eco-epidemiological factors. Geographical information systems (GIS) have proved to be a suitable approach for the analysis of environmental components that affect the spatial distribution of diseases. Exploiting this methodology, a model was developed for the mapping of the distribution and incidence of canine leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Brazil. Local variations were observed with respect to infection incidence and distribution of serological titers, i.e. high titers were noted close to areas with preserved vegetation, while low titers were more frequent in areas where people kept chickens. Based on these results, we conclude that the environment plays an important role in generating relatively protected areas within larger endemic regions, but that it can also contribute to the creation of hotspots with clusters of comparatively high serological titers indicating a high level of transmission compared with neighbouring areas.
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de Carvalho MR, Valença HF, da Silva FJ, de Pita-Pereira D, de Araújo Pereira T, Britto C, Brazil RP, Brandão Filho SP. Natural Leishmania infantum infection in Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920) (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae) the putative vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Acta Trop 2010; 116:108-10. [PMID: 20457120 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A study of the natural infection of phlebotomine sand flies by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum was conducted in an area of visceral leishmaniasis in São Vicente Férrer, located in the northern part of the Atlantic rain forest region in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. In a previous study, Migonemyia migonei have been found predominantly in peridomiciles and houses in this endemic area. The analysis of M. migonei, collected by CDC light trap, by multiplex PCR assay coupled to non-isotopic hybridization showed that 2 females out of 50 were infected by L. infantum. This is the first finding of natural infection of M. migonei by L. infantum suggesting that M. migonei may be the vector of L. infantum in areas of visceral leishmaniasis where Lutzomyia longipalpis, the usual vector, is absent.
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Dorval MEC, Alves TP, Cristaldo G, Rocha HCD, Alves MA, Oshiro ET, Oliveira AGD, Brazil RP, Galati EAB, Cunha RVD. Sand fly captures with Disney traps in area of occurrence of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, mid-western Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:491-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The work was conducted to study phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) and aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in a forested area where Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis occurs, situated in the municipality of Bela Vista, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: The captures were conducted with modified Disney traps, using hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as bait, from May 2004 to January 2006. RESULTS: Ten species of phlebotomine sandflies were captured: Brumptomyia avellari, Brumptomyia brumpti, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata, Evandromyia bourrouli, Evandromyia lenti, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Psathyromyia campograndensis, Psathyromyia punctigeniculata, Psathyromyia shannoni and Sciopemyia sordellii. The two predominant species were Ev bourrouli (57.3%) and Bi flaviscutellata (41.4%), present at all sampling sites. Two of the 36 hamsters used as bait presented natural infection with Leishmania. The parasite was identified as Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the results revealed the efficiency of Disney traps for capturing Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and the simultaneous presence of both vector and the Leishmania species transmitted by the same can be considered a predictive factor of the occurrence of leishmaniasis outbreaks for the human population that occupies the location.
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Carvalho GMDL, Brazil RP, Sanguinette CDC, Andrade Filho JD. Description of a new phlebotomine species, Martinsmyia reginae sp. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from a cave in the state of Tocantins Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:336-40. [PMID: 20512251 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As inhabitants of forested areas, caves and anthropic environments, the phlebotomines deserve special attention because some species are able to transmit trypanosomatids, bacteria and viruses to vertebrates. Phlebotomines are also a nuisance because they cause painful bites, which may ultimately produce allergic manifestations. The lack of information about the presence and behaviours of sand flies in caves has aroused the curiosity of researchers for a long time. In the present paper, we describe a new species of sand fly that was captured in a cave located in the municipal district of Arraias in the southeastern region of the state of Tocantins. The morphological features of this new species permit it to be included in the alphabetica group of the Martinsmyia genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mayr de Lima Carvalho
- Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Filho JDA, Serra e Meira PCL, Sanguinette CDC, Brazil RP. Description of a new species, Pintomyia dissimilis nov. sp., a phlebotomine fossil from Dominican Republic amber (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). Parasit Vectors 2009; 2:25. [PMID: 19442308 PMCID: PMC2687436 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sandflies are the vectors of etiological agents of leishmaniases in several areas of the world. In the Neotropical Region, the biodiversity of these insects is more than other regions, probably due the long evolutionary period of this group. Miocene amber from Dominican Republic, currently, has a record of 14 extinct species of Phlebotomine sandflies. Results This paper describes a new fossil species of phlebotomine sandfly from amber found in Dominican Republic. This new species is based on morphological characters of a male such as 5° palpomere longer than 3° + 4°, three well-developed spines in the gonostyle, lateral lobe longer than gonocoxite and permit inclusion of the new species in the genus Pintomyia, series serrana. The paramere, with a curvature in the ventral margin, of the middle of the structure, separates the new species from the others fossils or extant species. Conclusion The new species described in the present study named Pintomyia dissimilis nov. sp. is well differenciated from all known species in this genus.
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Andrade Filho JD, Galati EAB, Brazil RP. Review of American fossil Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) with a description of two new species. J Med Entomol 2009; 46:969-979. [PMID: 19769025 DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to carry out a taxonomic review of fossil American phlebotomine sand flies and describe two new species found in amber in the Dominican Republic. The gonostyle of one of these, Micropygomyia dorafeliciangeliae nov. sp., (= Lutzomyia dorafeliciangeliae, species group oswaldoi), has five spines, similar to that of Micropygomyia paterna (Quate, 1963) (= Lutzomyia paterna, species group oswaldoi), but they may be distinguished by the alpha/gamma ratio, which is < 1.0 in the new species and > 1 in the latter. Pintomyia dominicana nov. sp. (= Lutzomyia dominicana, species group verrucarum) has four spines on the gonostyle and presents a long bristle on the apex of the paramere, which distinguishes it from the other fossil species. With the description of these two new species, a total of 14 species of the American fossil phlebotomine sand flies has been described, 10 of which belong to the genus Pintomyia. An identification key for male fossil species is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, CEP 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Dorval MEC, Cristaldo G, Rocha HCD, Alves TP, Alves MA, Oshiro ET, Oliveira AGD, Brazil RP, Galati EAB, Cunha RVD. Phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) of an American cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104:695-702. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bray DP, Bandi KK, Brazil RP, Oliveira AG, Hamilton JGC. Synthetic sex pheromone attracts the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) to traps in the field. J Med Entomol 2009; 46:428-34. [PMID: 19496409 PMCID: PMC3197723 DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving vector control remains a key goal in reducing the world's burden of infectious diseases. More cost-effective approaches to vector control are urgently needed, particularly because vaccines are unavailable and treatment is prohibitively expensive. The causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), Leishmania chagasi, Cunha and Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), is transmitted between animal and human hosts by blood-feeding female sand flies attracted to mating aggregations formed on or above host animals by male-produced sex pheromones. Our results show the potential of using synthetic pheromones to control populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz and Neiva (Diptera: Psychodidae), the sand fly vector of one of the world's most important neglected diseases, AVL. We showed that a synthetic pheromone, (+/-)-9-methylgermacrene-B, produced from a low-cost plant intermediate, attracted females in the laboratory. By formulating dispensers that released this pheromone at a rate similar to that released by aggregating males, we were able to attract flies of both sexes to traps in the field. These dispensers worked equally well when deployed with mechanical light traps and inexpensive sticky traps. If deployed effectively, pheromone-based traps could be used to decrease AVL transmission rates through specific targeting and reduction of L. longipalpis populations. This is the first study to show attraction of a human disease-transmitting insect to a synthetic pheromone in the field, showing the general applicability of this novel approach for developing new tools for use in vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Bray
- Chemical Ecology Group, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, ST5 5BG Keele, United Kingdom
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de Oliveira AG, Marassá AM, Consales CA, Dorval MEC, Fernandes CE, de Oliveira GR, Brazil RP, Galati EAB. Observations on the feeding habits of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Campo Grande, an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Acta Trop 2008; 107:238-41. [PMID: 18611387 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sand flies were captured weekly with CDC light traps from December 2003 to November 2005 in three areas of Campo Grande, in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. These areas incorporated two patches of remnant forest and five houses. The blood meals of engorged female sand flies were identified using the avidin-biotin system of immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Most (327/355) of the females analysed were Lutzomyia longipalpis, of which 66.4% reacted with human blood, 64.8% with that of birds and 8.9% with that of dogs. Females that had taken human blood predominated in the residential areas and two forest patches. The following combinations of blood were also detected for L. longipalpis in some of the samples analysed: bird+human (43.4%), bird+human+dog (6.1%). The combination bird+human+dog+pig was also found for Nyssomyia whitmani. Dogs and pigs appear to have little attractiveness for L. longipalpis. The results obtained demonstrate the eclecticism and high anthropophily of L. longipalpis and raise new questions with regard to the importance of dogs in VL epidemiology and the possible role of man as a source of infection for sand flies.
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de Pita-Pereira D, Cardoso MAB, Alves CR, Brazil RP, Britto C. Detection of natural infection in Lutzomyia cruzi and Lutzomyia forattinii (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) by Leishmania infantum chagasi in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil using a PCR multiplex assay. Acta Trop 2008; 107:66-9. [PMID: 18502392 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify Lutzomyia spp. naturally infected by Leishmania parasites a PCR multiplex assay coupled to non-isotopic hybridization was used for the analysis of insect samples collected by CDC light traps in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the municipality of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil in May/June 2006. Wild sand flies were identified and grouped into pools of 10 female specimens and 27 groups in total were collected. Positive results were obtained from Lutzomyia cruzi (2 out of 13 pools) and Lutzomyia forattinii (1 out of 14 pools). The positive pools were confirmed as being infected by Leishmania infantum chagasi after hybridizing the PCR products with a species-specific biotinylated probe derived from the kinetoplast minicircle conserved sequence. Given that we detected infection in 3 out of 27 groups and that there was at least 1 infected insect in each, it was possible to infer an infection rate of 1.5% for Lu. cruzi and 0.7% for Lu. forattinii in the analyzed samples. These results confirm the vectorial role of Lu. cruzi in transmitting L. infantum chagasi and suggest Lu. forattinii as a potential VL vector in the municipality of Corumbá, where notifications of the disease in humans and dogs have increased over the last two decades.
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Andrade Filho JD, Galati EAB, Falcão AL, Brazil RP. Description of Micropygomyia brandaoi sp. n. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), a fossil phlebotomine from the Dominican Republic. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:344-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Filho JDA, Falcão AL, Galati EAB, Brazil RP. Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) paleotownsendi, a new sand fly from the Miocene amber of Dominican Republic (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 101 Suppl 2:57-8. [PMID: 17308810 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006001000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotominae includes some vector species, mainly that of leishmaniases, with a very old host-parasite relationship. Some species fossils of this subfamily have been recently described and this paper presents the description of a new sand fly Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) paleotownsendi sp. nov in amber. The gonostyle present four spines, being one apical, one external superior implanted close to the apical third, one external inferior in the middle of the structure and one internal implanted in the basal third. This disposition of the spines may separate the new species from others in the sub genus.
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Andrade Filho JD, Brazil RP, Falcão AL, Galati EAB. Description of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) paleotrichia, a miocene period new species from the Dominican Republic (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 102:901-3. [PMID: 17992368 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fossil species of phlebotomine sandflies is described from Dominican amber based in one specimen. Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) paleotrichia sp. nov. is distinguished from the other extant and extinct species by aspects of paramere and the basal tuft of bristles in the gonocoxite.
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Oliveira AG, Galati EAB, Fernandes CE, Dorval MEC, Brazil RP. Seasonal variation of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Acta Trop 2008; 105:55-61. [PMID: 18022137 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The seasonal distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis was studied in two forested and five domiciliary areas of the urban area of Campo Grande; MS, from December 2003 to November 2005. Weekly captures were carried out with CDC light traps positioned on ground and in the canopy inside a residual forest and on the edge (ground) of a woodland and in at least one of the following ecotopes in peridomiciles-a cultivated area, a chicken coop, a pigsty, a kennel, a goat and sheep shelter and an intradomicile. A total of 9519 sand flies were collected, 2666 during the first year and 6853 during the second. L. longipalpis was found throughout the 2-year period, presenting smaller peaks at intervals of 2-3 months and two greater peaks, the first in February and the second in April 2005, soon after periods of heavy rain. Only In one of the woodlands was a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between the number of insects and temperature during the first year and the climatic factors (temperature, RHA and rain) was observed. In the domiciliary areas in four domiciles some positive correlations (p< or =0.05) occurred in relation to one or more climatic factors; however, the species shows a clear tendency to greater frequency (72%) in the rainy season than in the dry (28%). Thus, we recommend an intensification of the VL control measures applied in Campo Grande, MS, during the rainy season with a view to reducing the risk of the transmission of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gutierrez Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Parasitologia, UFMS, Caixa Postal 549, CEP 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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da Silva AVM, de Souza Cândido CD, de Pita Pereira D, Brazil RP, Carreira JCA. The first record of American visceral leishmaniasis in domestic cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Trop 2008; 105:92-4. [PMID: 17953938 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 07/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper is the first to report visceral leishmaniasis in domestic cats (Felis catus domesticus) from an endemic area in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A relatively high seroprevalence of 25% was observed although none of them have presented any symptom. Our results support the observation of previous authors, suggesting that cats may be considered as alternative domestic hosts of visceral leishmaniasis and should be included in serological investigations performed in endemic areas.
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Dorval MEC, Alves TP, Oliveira AGD, Brazil RP, Galati EAB, Cunha RVD. Modification of Disney trap for capture of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2007; 102:877-8. [PMID: 17992367 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the modifications made to the original model of the Disney trap, with a view to easier handling of the same, greater practicability in the collection of sand flies, protection of the animal bait and durability of the trap in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizabeth C Dorval
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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