1
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Ilic S, Counihan MJ, Lavan SN, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Dhakal D, Mars J, Antonio EN, Kitsu Iglesias L, Fister TT, Zhang Y, Maginn EJ, Toney MF, Klie RF, Connell JG, Tepavcevic S. Effect of Antisolvent Additives in Aqueous Zinc Sulfate Electrolytes for Zinc Metal Anodes: The Case of Acetonitrile. ACS Energy Lett 2024; 9:201-208. [PMID: 38230374 PMCID: PMC10789094 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) employing zinc metal anodes are gaining traction as batteries for moderate to long duration energy storage at scale. However, corrosion of the zinc metal anode through reaction with water limits battery efficiency. Much research in the past few years has focused on additives that decrease hydrogen evolution, but the precise mechanisms by which this takes place are often understudied and remain unclear. In this work, we study the role of an acetonitrile antisolvent additive in improving the performance of aqueous ZnSO4 electrolytes using experimental and computational techniques. We demonstrate that acetonitrile actively modifies the interfacial chemistry during Zn metal plating, which results in improved performance of acetonitrile-containing electrolytes. Collectively, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of solvent additive systems in battery performance and durability and provides a new framework for future efforts to optimize ion transport and performance in ZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ilic
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Michael J. Counihan
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sydney N. Lavan
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Department
of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Yinke Jiang
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Diwash Dhakal
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Julian Mars
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Emma N. Antonio
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Luis Kitsu Iglesias
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Timothy T. Fister
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Edward J. Maginn
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Robert F. Klie
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Justin G. Connell
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sanja Tepavcevic
- Joint
Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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2
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Zhang Y, Carino E, Hahn NT, Becknell N, Mars J, Han KS, Mueller KT, Toney M, Maginn EJ, Tepavcevic S. Understanding the Surprising Ionic Conductivity Maximum in Zn(TFSI) 2 Water/Acetonitrile Mixture Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11393-11399. [PMID: 38079154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous electrolytes composed of 0.1 M zinc bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Zn(TFSI)2) and acetonitrile (ACN) were studied using combined experimental and simulation techniques. The electrolyte was found to be electrochemically stable when the ACN V% is higher than 74.4. In addition, it was found that the ionic conductivity of the mixed solvent electrolytes changes as a function of ACN composition, and a maximum was observed at 91.7 V% of ACN although the salt concentration is the same. This behavior was qualitatively reproduced by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Detailed analyses based on experiments and MD simulations show that at high ACN composition the water network existing in the high water composition solutions breaks. As a result, the screening effect of the solvent weakens and the correlation among ions increases, which causes a decrease in ionic conductivity at high ACN V%. This study provides a fundamental understanding of this complex mixed solvent electrolyte system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Emily Carino
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Nigel Becknell
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Julian Mars
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Karl T Mueller
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael Toney
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sanja Tepavcevic
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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3
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Varon A, Mars J, Bonnel J. Approximation of modal wavenumbers and group speeds in an oceanic waveguide using a neural network. JASA Express Lett 2023; 3:2895949. [PMID: 37306565 DOI: 10.1121/10.0019704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Underwater acoustic propagation is influenced not only by the property of the water column, but also by the seabed property. Modeling this propagation using normal mode simulation can be computationally intensive, especially for wideband signals. To address this challenge, a Deep Neural Network is used to predict modal horizontal wavenumbers and group velocities. Predicted wavenumbers are then used to compute modal depth functions and transmission losses, reducing computational cost without significant loss in accuracy. This is illustrated on a simulated Shallow Water 2006 inversion scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Varon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, GIPSA-Lab, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Mars
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, GIPSA-Lab, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Bonnel
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, , ,
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4
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Zhang Y, Lewis NHC, Mars J, Wan G, Weadock NJ, Takacs CJ, Lukatskaya MR, Steinrück HG, Toney MF, Tokmakoff A, Maginn EJ. Correction to "Water-in-Salt LiTFSI Aqueous Electrolytes. 1. Liquid Structure from Combined Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Studies". J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3196-3197. [PMID: 35420823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Zhang Y, Lewis NHC, Mars J, Wan G, Weadock NJ, Takacs CJ, Lukatskaya MR, Steinrück HG, Toney MF, Tokmakoff A, Maginn EJ. Water-in-Salt LiTFSI Aqueous Electrolytes. 1. Liquid Structure from Combined Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Studies. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4501-4513. [PMID: 33904299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of water-in-salt electrolytes was introduced recently, and these systems have been successfully applied to yield extended operation voltage and hence significantly improved energy density in aqueous Li-ion batteries. In the present work, results of X-ray scattering and Fourier-transform infrared spectra measurements over a wide range of temperatures and salt concentrations are reported for the LiTFSI (lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide)-based water-in-salt electrolyte. Classical molecular dynamics simulations are validated against the experiments and used to gain additional information about the electrolyte structure. Based on our analyses, a new model for the liquid structure is proposed. Specifically, we demonstrate that at the highest LiTFSI concentration of 20 m the water network is disrupted, and the majority of water molecules exist in the form of isolated monomers, clusters, or small aggregates with chain-like configurations. On the other hand, TFSI- anions are connected to each other and form a network. This description is fundamentally different from those proposed in earlier studies of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicholas H C Lewis
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Julian Mars
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gang Wan
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nicholas J Weadock
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher J Takacs
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Maria R Lukatskaya
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Michael F Toney
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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6
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Li H, Mars J, Lohstroh W, Koza MM, Butt H, Mezger M. Water Mobility in the Interfacial Liquid Layer of Ice/Clay Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7697-7702. [PMID: 33238050 PMCID: PMC8048683 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
At solid/ice interfaces, a premelting layer is formed at temperatures below the melting point of bulk water. However, the structural and dynamic properties within the premelting layer have been a topic of intense debate. Herein, we determined the translational diffusion coefficient Dt of water in ice/clay nanocomposites serving as model systems for permafrost by quasi-elastic neutron scattering. Below the bulk melting point, a rapid decrease of Dt is found for charged hydrophilic vermiculite, uncharged hydrophilic kaolin, and more hydrophobic talc, reaching plateau values below -4 °C. At this temperature, Dt in the premelting layer is reduced up to a factor of two compared to supercooled bulk water. Adjacent to charged vermiculite the lowest water mobility was observed, followed by kaolin and the more hydrophobic talc. Results are explained by the intermolecular water interactions with different clay surfaces and interfacial segregation of the low-density liquid water (LDL) component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Julian Mars
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ)Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Michael Marek Koza
- Institut Laue-Langevin71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 2015638042GrenobleFrance
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Butt
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Department of Physics at InterfacesMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department of Physics, Dynamics of Condensed SystemsUniversity of ViennaBoltzmanngasse 51090WienAustria
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7
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Nallamilli T, Ketomaeki M, Prozeller D, Mars J, Morsbach S, Mezger M, Vilgis T. Complex coacervation of food grade antimicrobial lauric arginate with lambda carrageenan. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:53-62. [PMID: 33665619 PMCID: PMC7902899 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complex coacervation mechanism of Lauric arginate ester (LAE) with λ-carrageenan was studied using turbidimetry, light scattering and electrophoresis. The complexes formed were found to have a bilayer-like structure using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-TEM (transmission electron microscopy). It was observed that mixing LAE with Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) could significantly reduce the interactions between mixed micelles and λ-carrageenan. The interactions between LAE/SDS and λ-carrageenan were found to be predominantly entropy driven. Mixed micelles of LAE/Tween 20 and LAE/SDS showed significantly less interactions with carrageenan compared to pure LAE micelles. Interfacial properties of complexes were measured using surface tension measurements. It was observed that pure LAE showed good foaming behavior and when mixed with increasing amounts of carrageenan the foaming capacity decreased. Reduction in foam volume was due to reduced availability of free LAE molecules for foam stabilization and due to hydrophilic nature of complexes. Lauric arginate forms complex coacervates with Lambda carrageenan due to combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Coacervation leads to both soluble and insoluble coacervates depending on the mixing ratio. The complex coacervates show a lamellar microstructure with certain degree of disorder in the lamellar layers. Interactions of Lauric arginate with Lambda carrageenan decrease when it is mixed with either non ionic or anionic surfactant due to formation of mixed micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trivikram Nallamilli
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Ketomaeki
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Domenik Prozeller
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Vilgis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Sheil R, Perng YC, Mars J, Cho J, Dunn B, Toney MF, Chang JP. Synthesis and Crystallization of Atomic Layer Deposition β-Eucryptite LiAlSiO 4 Thin-Film Solid Electrolytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:56935-56942. [PMID: 33314924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to control the stoichiometry of thin lithium aluminosilicate films, thereby enabling crystallization into the ion-conducting β-eucryptite LiAlSiO4 phase. The rapid thermal annealed ALD film developed a well-defined epitaxial relationship to the silicon substrate: β-LiAlSiO4 (12̅10)||Si (100) and β-LiAlSiO4 (101̅0)||Si (001). The extrapolated room temperature ionic conductivity was found to be 1.2 × 10-7 S/cm in the [12̅10] direction. Because of the unique 1-D channel along the c axis of β-LiAlSiO4, the epitaxial thin film has the potential to facilitate ionic transport if oriented with the c axis normal to the electrode surface, making it a promising electrolyte material for three-dimensional lithium-ion microbatteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sheil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ya-Chuan Perng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Julian Mars
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jea Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jane P Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Ritchhart A, Monahan M, Mars J, Toney MF, De Yoreo JJ, Cossairt BM. Covalently Linked, Two-Dimensional Quantum Dot Assemblies. Langmuir 2020; 36:9944-9951. [PMID: 32787121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using nanoscale building blocks to construct hierarchical materials is a radical new branch point in materials discovery that promises new structures and emergent functionality. Understanding the design principles that govern nanoparticle assembly is critical to moving this field forward. By exploiting mixed ligand environments to target patchy nanoparticle surfaces, we have demonstrated a novel method of colloidal quantum dot (QD) assembly that gives rise to 2D structures. The equilibration of solutions of spherical and quasispherical QDs, including CdS, CdSe, and InP, with 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diacrylic acid resulted in the preferential formation of 2D assemblies over the course of days as determined by transmission electron microscopy analysis. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirms the existence of the QD assemblies in solution. The dependence of the assembly on linker properties (length and rigidity), linker concentration, and total concentration was investigated, together with the data point to a mechanism involving ligand redistribution to create a patchy surface that maximizes the steric repulsion of neighboring QDs. By operating in an underexchanged regime, the arising patchiness results in enthalpically preferred directions of cross-linking that can be accessed by thermal equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ritchhart
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Madison Monahan
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Julian Mars
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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10
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Haider T, Suraeva O, O'Duill ML, Mars J, Mezger M, Lieberwirth I, Wurm FR. Controlling the crystal structure of precisely spaced polyethylene-like polyphosphoesters. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and crystallization behavior of polyethylene-like polyphosphates with a precise spacing of 20, 30, and 40 methylene groups between each phosphate group, which determined the crystal structure, lamellar, and crystal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Haider
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Oksana Suraeva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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11
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Weiss H, Cheng HW, Mars J, Li H, Merola C, Renner FU, Honkimäki V, Valtiner M, Mezger M. Structure and Dynamics of Confined Liquids: Challenges and Perspectives for the X-ray Surface Forces Apparatus. Langmuir 2019; 35:16679-16692. [PMID: 31614087 PMCID: PMC6933819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The molecular-scale structure and dynamics of confined liquids has increasingly gained relevance for applications in nanotechnology. Thus, a detailed knowledge of the structure of confined liquids on molecular length scales is of great interest for fundamental and applied sciences. To study confined structures under dynamic conditions, we constructed an in situ X-ray surface forces apparatus (X-SFA). This novel device can create a precisely controlled slit-pore confinement down to dimensions on the 10 nm scale by using a cylinder-on-flat geometry for the first time. Complementary structural information can be obtained by simultaneous force measurements and X-ray scattering experiments. The in-plane structure of liquids parallel to the slit pore and density profiles perpendicular to the confining interfaces are studied by X-ray scattering and reflectivity. The normal load between the opposing interfaces can be modulated to study the structural dynamics of confined liquids. The confinement gap distance is tracked simultaneously with nanometer precision by analyzing optical interference fringes of equal chromatic order. Relaxation processes can be studied by driving the system out of equilibrium by shear stress or compression/decompression cycles of the slit pore. The capability of the new device is demonstrated on the liquid crystal 4'-octyl-4-cyano-biphenyl (8CB) in its smectic A (SmA) mesophase. Its molecular-scale structure and orientation confined in 100 nm to 1.7 μm slit pores was studied under static and dynamic nonequilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Weiss
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hsiu-Wei Cheng
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna Institute of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/E134, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Julian Mars
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hailong Li
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Merola
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna Institute of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/E134, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Frank Uwe Renner
- Institute
for Materials Research, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Veijo Honkimäki
- ESRF-European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38043 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Markus Valtiner
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna Institute of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/E134, 1040 Wien, Austria
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Li H, Bier M, Mars J, Weiss H, Dippel AC, Gutowski O, Honkimäki V, Mezger M. Interfacial premelting of ice in nano composite materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3734-3741. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05604h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantitative description of ice premelting in permafrost model systems. Experimental data on the interfacial premelting in ice/clay nano composites was obtained by high energy X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Markus Bier
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics IV
- University of Stuttgart
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Henning Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- 22607 Hamburg
- Germany
| | | | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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13
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Mars J, Hou B, Weiss H, Li H, Konovalov O, Festersen S, Murphy BM, Rütt U, Bier M, Mezger M. Correction: Surface induced smectic order in ionic liquids - an X-ray reflectivity study of [C 22C 1im] +[NTf 2]<sup/>. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24494-24495. [PMID: 30207340 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp91851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Surface induced smectic order in ionic liquids - an X-ray reflectivity study of [C22C1im]+[NTf2]-' by Julian Mars et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 26651-26661.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Mars J, Hou B, Weiss H, Li H, Konovalov O, Festersen S, Murphy BM, Rütt U, Bier M, Mezger M. Surface induced smectic order in ionic liquids - an X-ray reflectivity study of [C 22C 1im] +[NTf 2] . Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:26651-26661. [PMID: 28960006 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface induced smectic order was found for the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-docosylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethlysulfonyl)imide by X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence scattering experiments. Near the free liquid surface, an ordered structure of alternating layers composed of polar and non-polar moieties is observed. This leads to an oscillatory interfacial profile perpendicular to the liquid surface with a periodicity of 3.7 nm. Small angle X-ray scattering and polarized light microscopy measurements suggest that the observed surface structure is related to fluctuations into a metastable liquid crystalline SmA2 phase that was found by supercooling the bulk liquid. The observed surface ordering persists up to 157 °C, i.e. more than 88 K above the bulk melting temperature of 68.1 °C. Close to the bulk melting point, we find a thickness of the ordered layer of L = 30 nm. The dependency of L(τ) = Λ ln(τ/τ1) vs. reduced temperature τ follows a logarithmic growth law. In agreement with theory, the pre-factor Λ is governed by the correlation length of the isotropic bulk phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Reichert P, Kjær KS, Brandt van Driel T, Mars J, Ochsmann JW, Pontoni D, Deutsch M, Nielsen MM, Mezger M. Molecular scale structure and dynamics at an ionic liquid/electrode interface. Faraday Discuss 2018; 206:141-157. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural arrangement and dynamics of ions near the IL/electrode interface during charging and discharging was studied by a combination of time resolved X-ray reflectivity and impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reichert
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Kasper Skov Kjær
- Centre for Molecular Movies
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Tim Brandt van Driel
- Centre for Molecular Movies
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | | | - Diego Pontoni
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron and Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM)
- 38043 Grenoble
- France
| | - Moshe Deutsch
- Department of Physics
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat-Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Martin Meedom Nielsen
- Centre for Molecular Movies
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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Abstract
The salt-induced microheterogeneity (MH) formation in binary liquid mixtures is studied by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and liquid state theory. Previous experiments have shown that this phenomenon occurs for antagonistic salts, whose cations and anions prefer different components of the solvent mixture. However, so far the precise mechanism leading to the characteristic length scale of MHs has remained unclear. Here, it is shown that MHs can be generated by the competition of short-ranged interactions and long-ranged monopole-dipole interactions. The experimental SAXS patterns can be reproduced quantitatively by fitting to the derived correlation functions without assuming any specific model. The dependency of the MH structure with respect to ionic strength and temperature is analyzed. Close to the demixing phase transition, critical-like behavior occurs with respect to the spinodal line in the phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bier
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics IV, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hailong Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Hollóczki O, Berkessel A, Mars J, Mezger M, Wiebe A, Waldvogel SR, Kirchner B. The Catalytic Effect of Fluoroalcohol Mixtures Depends on Domain Formation. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4
+ 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Julian Mars
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anton Wiebe
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4
+ 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Weiss H, Mars J, Li H, Kircher G, Ivanova O, Feoktystov A, Soltwedel O, Bier M, Mezger M. Mesoscopic Correlation Functions in Heterogeneous Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:620-629. [PMID: 28001074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A common feature of ionic liquids composed of cations with long aliphatic side chains is structural heterogeneities on the nanometer length scale. This so-called microphase separation arises from the clustering of aliphatic moieties. The temperature dependence of the liquid bulk structure was studied by small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering for a set of methylimidazolium ([C18C1im]+, [C22C1im]+) based ionic liquids with tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([FAP]-), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]-), and bis(nonafluorobutylsulfonyl)imide ([NNf2]-) anions. The experimental data is quantitatively analyzed using a generalized Teubner-Strey model. Discussion of the resulting periodicity d and correlation length ξ shows that the structural heterogeneities are governed by the interplay between the alkyl chain length, the geometry of the anion, and entropic effects. Connections between the mesoscopic correlation functions, density, and entropy of fusion are discussed in comparison to alcohols. The observed dependencies allow predictions on the mesoscopic correlation functions based on macroscopic bulk quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Weiss
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hailong Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kircher
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oxana Ivanova
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Olaf Soltwedel
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research , Outstation at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Bier
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics IV, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Zardalidis G, Mars J, Allgaier J, Mezger M, Richter D, Floudas G. Influence of chain topology on polymer crystallization: poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) rings vs. linear chains. Soft Matter 2016; 12:8124-8134. [PMID: 27714349 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01622g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The absence of entanglements, the more compact structure and the faster diffusion in melts of cyclic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains have consequences on their crystallization behavior at the lamellar and spherulitic length scales. Rings with molecular weight below the entanglement molecular weight (M < Me), attain the equilibrium configuration composed from twice-folded chains with a lamellar periodicity that is half of the corresponding linear chains. Rings with M > Me undergo distinct step-like conformational changes to a crystalline lamellar with the equilibrium configuration. Rings melt from this configuration in the absence of crystal thickening in sharp contrast to linear chains. In general, rings more easily attain their extended equilibrium configuration due to strained segments and the absence of entanglements. In addition, rings have a higher equilibrium melting temperature. At the level of the spherulitic superstructure, growth rates are much faster for rings reflecting the faster diffusion and more compact structure. With respect to the segmental dynamics in their semi-crystalline state, ring PEOs with a steepness index of ∼34 form some of the "strongest" glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Zardalidis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Julian Mars
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Allgaier
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science and Institute for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Richter
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science and Institute for Complex Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
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van Maanen C, van der Heijden H, Wellenberg GJ, Witteveen G, Luttikholt S, Bouwstra R, Kooi B, Vellema P, Peperkamp K, Mars J. Schmallenberg virus antibodies in bovine and ovine fetuses. Vet Rec 2012; 171:299. [PMID: 22922706 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C van Maanen
- Animal Health Service (GD-Deventer), P.O. Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, The Netherlands.
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Kittelberger R, Mars J, Wibberley G, Sting R, Henning K, Horner GW, Garnett KM, Hannah MJ, Jenner JA, Pigott CJ, O'Keefe JS. Comparison of the Q-fever complement fixation test and two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of serum antibodies againstCoxiella burnetii(Q-fever) in ruminants: Recommendations for use of serological tests on imported animals in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2009; 57:262-8. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2009.58619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mars J. [Foot and mouth disease]. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1995; 120:512. [PMID: 7570560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kimman TG, Zimmer GM, Westenbrink F, Mars J, van Leeuwen E. Epidemiological study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in calves: influence of maternal antibodies on the outcome of disease. Vet Rec 1988; 123:104-9. [PMID: 3413952 DOI: 10.1136/vr.123.4.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A prospective epidemiological survey on bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infections in calves was carried out on 21 dairy farms during one BRSV epidemic season. Special attention was paid to the role of maternal antibodies. On 15 farms the spread of the virus was demonstrated during the investigation period and on eight farms this was accompanied by an outbreak of acute respiratory disease. Disease seldom occurred in calves younger than two weeks old and the most severe disease was observed in calves from one to three months old. Although maternal antibodies did not effectively prevent the disease, both the incidence and severity of disease were inversely related to the level of specific maternal antibodies. Two serodiagnostic techniques were compared. In calves older than three months from herds with disease outbreaks associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus the diagnosis was established in 80 per cent of the animals by an increase in IgG titre against BRSV and in 77 per cent by the detection of BRSV specific IgM. In comparison, only 10 per cent of the calves younger than three months were positive by IgG serodiagnosis, and 51 per cent by IgM serodiagnosis. On farms where the spread of the virus was accompanied by an outbreak of clinical disease more calves were present, a higher proportion of the calves was younger than three months, and calves of all ages were more often housed together.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Kimman
- Department of Herd Health and Pathology, Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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