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Kong LY, Li Y, Rao DY, Wu B, Sang CP, Lai P, Ye JS, Zhang ZX, Du ZM, Yu JJ, Gu L, Xie FC, Liu ZY, Tang ZX. miR-666-3p Mediates the Protective Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Against Oxygen-glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation- induced Cell Injury in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:20-77. [PMID: 33745435 DOI: 10.2174/1567202618666210319152534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)- derived exosomes can protect primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) against oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced injury. OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify the key factors mediating the protective effects of MSC-derived exosomes. METHODS Primary rat BMECs were either pretreated or not pretreated with MSC-derived exosomes before exposure to OGD/R. Naïve cells were used as a control. After performing small RNA deep sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to validate microRNA (miRNA) expression. The effects of rno-miR-666-3p on cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation in OGD/R-exposed cells were assessed by performing the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Moreover, the role of rno-miR-666-3p in regulating gene expression in OGD/R-exposed cells was studied using mRNA deep sequencing. Lastly, to evaluate whether mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was the target of rno-miR-666-3p, western blotting and the dual-luciferase assay were performed. RESULTS MSC-derived exosomes altered the miRNA expression patterns in OGD/R-exposed BMECs. In particular, the expression levels of rno-miR-666-3p, rno-miR-92a-2-5p, and rnomiR- 219a-2-3p decreased in OGD/R-exposed cells compared with those in the control; however, MSC-derived exosomes restored the expression levels of these miRNAs under OGD/R conditions. rno-miR-666-3p overexpression enhanced cell viability and alleviated the apoptosis of OGD/R-exposed cells. Moreover, rno-miR-666-3p suppressed OGD/R-induced inflammation. mRNA deep sequencing revealed that rno-miR-666-3p is closely associated with the MAPK signaling pathway. Western blotting and the dual-luciferase assay confirmed that MAPK1 is the target of rnomiR- 666-3p. CONCLUSION MSC-derived exosomes restore rno-miR-666-3p expression in OGD/R-exposed BMECs. Moreover, this specific miRNA exerts protective effects against OGD/R by suppressing the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Kong
- Department of Operation Room, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Guanzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ding-Yu Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Gannan Medical University, Guanzhou, 341000, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ping Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jun-Song Ye
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zu-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Du
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jun-Jian Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Fa-Chun Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zi-You Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
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Kong LY, Liang MY, Liu JP, Lai P, Ye JS, Zhang ZX, Du ZM, Yu JJ, Gu L, Xie FC, Tang ZX, Liu ZY. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Rescue Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-induced Injury in Endothelial Cells. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 17:155-163. [PMID: 32056526 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666200214103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes on brain microvascular endothelial cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which mimic cells in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in vitro, are yet to be studied. METHODS MSCs were co-cultured with primary rat brain endothelial cells, which were then exposed to OGD. Cell viability, apoptosis, the inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and the activation of inflammation-associated TLR4-mediated pyroptosis and the NF-κB signaling pathway were determined. Furthermore, exosomes derived from MSCs were isolated and incubated with endothelial cells to investigate whether the effect of MSCs is associated with MSCderived exosomes. Apoptosis, cell viability, and the inflammatory response were also analyzed in OGD-induced endothelial cells incubated with MSC-derived exosomes. RESULTS OGD treatment promoted endothelial cell apoptosis, induced the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and inhibited cell viability. Western blot analysis showed that OGD treatment-induced TLR4, and NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation and caspase-1 upregulation, while co-culture with MSCs could reduce the effect of OGD treatment on endothelial cells. As expected, the effect of MSC-derived exosomes on OGD-treated endothelial cells was similar to that of MSCs. MSC-derived exosomes alleviated the OGD-induced decrease in the viability of endothelial cells, and increased levels of apoptosis, inflammatory factors, and the activation of inflammatory and inflammatory focal pathways. CONCLUSION Both MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes attenuated OGD-induced rat primary brain endothelial cell injury. These findings suggest that MSC-derived exosomes mediate at least some of the protective effects of MSCs on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Kong
- Department of Operation Room, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Meng-Ya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of Vascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ping Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jun-Song Ye
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zu-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Du
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jun-Jian Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fa-Chun Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zi-You Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Abstract
The relevance of research on reconstructed organs is justified by the lack of organs available for transplant and the growing needs for the ageing population. The development of a reconstructed organ involves two parallel complementary steps: de-cellularization of the organ with the need to maintain the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix and vascular network and re-cellularization of the scaffold with stem cells or resident cells.Whole organ engineering for liver, heart, lung or kidneys, is particularly difficult because of the structural complexity of organs and heterogeneity of cells. Rodent, porcine and rhesus monkey organs have been de-cellularized to obtain a scaffold with preserved extracellular matrix and vascular network. As concern the cells for re-cellularization, embryonic, foetal, adult, progenitor stem cells and also iPS have been proposed.Heart construction could be an alternative option for the treatment of cardiac insufficiency. It is based on the use of an extra-cellular matrix coming from an animal's heart and seeded with cells likely to reconstruct a normal cardiac function. Though de-cellularization techniques now seem controlled, the issues posed by the selection of cells capable of generating the various components of cardiac tissue are not settled yet. In addition, the recolonisation of the matrix does not only depend on the phenotype of cells that are used, but it is also impacted by the nature of biochemical signals emitted.Recent researches have shown that it is possible to use decellularized whole liver treated by detergents as scaffold, which keeps the entire network of blood vessels and the integrated extracellular matrix (ECM). Beside of decellularized whole organ scaffold seeding cells selected to repopulate a decellularized liver scaffold are critical for the function of the bioengineered liver. At present, potential cell sources are hepatocyte, and mesenchymal stem cells.Pulmonary regeneration using engineering approaches is complex. In fact, several types of local progenitor cells that contribute to cell repair have been described at different levels of the respiratory tract. Moving towards the alveoles, one finds bronchioalveolar stem cells as well as epithelial cells and pneumocytes. A promising option to increase the donor organ pool is to use allogeneic or xenogeneic decellularized lungs as a scaffold to engineer functional lung tissue ex vivo.The kidney is certainly one of the most difficult organs to reconstruct due to its complex nature and the heterogeneous nature of the cells. There is relatively little research on auto-construction, and experiments have been performed on rats, pigs and monkeys.Nevertheless, before these therapeutic approaches can be applied in clinical practice, many researches are necessary to understand and in particular the behaviour of cells on the decellularized organs as well as the mechanisms of their interaction with the microenvironment. Current knowledges allow optimism for the future but definitive answers can only be given after long term animal studies and controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Stoltz
- CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,CNRS, GDRI 0851, France-Chine « Stem cells and Regenerative medicine », Faculté de Médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (UTCT) (FR CNRS-INSERM-UL-CHU 3209), 54511 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - L Zhang
- CNRS, GDRI 0851, France-Chine « Stem cells and Regenerative medicine », Faculté de Médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Centre de Recherche, Calmette Hospital, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - J S Ye
- CNRS, GDRI 0851, France-Chine « Stem cells and Regenerative medicine », Faculté de Médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,Centre de Recherche, Calmette Hospital, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - N De Isla
- CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.,CNRS, GDRI 0851, France-Chine « Stem cells and Regenerative medicine », Faculté de Médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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Abstract
Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases (ESLD). However, it is hampered by shortage of liver donor. Liver tissue engineering, aiming at fabricating new livers in vitro, provides a potential resolution for donor shortage. Three elements need to be considered in liver tissue engineering: seeding cell resources, scaffolds and bioreactors. Studies have shown potential cell sources as hepatocytes, hepatic cell line, mesenchymal stem cells and others. They need scaffolds with perfect biocompatiblity, suitable micro-structure and appropriate degradation rate, which are essential charateristics for cell attachment, proliferation and secretion in forming extracellular matrix. The most promising scaffolds in research include decellularized whole liver, collagens and biocompatible plastic. The development and function of cells in scaffold need a microenvironment which can provide them with oxygen, nutrition, growth factors, et al. Bioreactor is expected to fulfill these requirements by mimicking the living condition in vivo. Although there is great progress in these three domains, a large gap stays still between their researches and applications. Herein, we summarized the recent development in these three major fields which are indispensable in liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming (Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kunming, China
| | - Zheng Guan
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming (Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Song Ye
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming (Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Feng Yin
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming (Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kunming, China
| | - Jean-François Stoltz
- Lorraine University and CNRS UNR 7365, Medical college, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,CHRU Nancy, Unité Therapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Natalia de Isla
- Lorraine University and CNRS UNR 7365, Medical college, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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5
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Wang M, Qi DS, Zhou C, Han D, Li PP, Zhang F, Zhou XY, Han M, Di JH, Ye JS, Yu HM, Song YJ, Zhang GY. Ischemic preconditioning protects the brain against injury via inhibiting CaMKII-nNOS signaling pathway. Brain Res 2016; 1634:140-149. [PMID: 26794251 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have shown that cerebral ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain damage, but its precise mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of IPC against ischemic brain damage induced by cerebral I/R and to explore whether the Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated up-regulation of nNOS ser847-phosphorylation signaling pathway contributed to the protection provided by IPC. Transient global brain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were pretreated with 3 min of IPC alone or KN62 (selective antagonist of CaMKII) treatment before IPC, after reperfusion for 3 days, 6 min ischemia was induced. Cresyl violet staining was used to examine the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the phosphorylation of CaMKII, nNOS, c-Jun and the expression of FasL. Immunoprecipitation was used to examine the binding between PSD95 and nNOS. The results showed that IPC could significantly protect neurons against cerebral I/R injury, furthermore, the combination of PSD95 and nNOS was increased, coinstantaneously the phosphorylation of CaMKII and nNOS (ser847) were up-regulated, however the activation of c-Jun and FasL were reduced. Conversely, KN62 treatment before IPC reversed all these effects of IPC. Taken together, the results suggest that IPC could diminish ischemic brain injury through CaMKII-mediated up-regulation of nNOS ser847-phosphorylation signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Da-Shi Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Dong Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Pei-Pei Li
- Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, PR China
| | - Jie-Hui Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Jun-Song Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Yuan-Jian Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
| | - Guang-Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
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Zhang L, Zhao YH, Guan Z, Ye JS, de Isla N, Stoltz JF. Application potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly in liver tissue engineering. Biomed Mater Eng 2015; 25:137-43. [PMID: 25538064 DOI: 10.3233/bme-141232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The shortage of organ resource has been limiting the application of liver transplantation. Bioartificial liver construction is increasingly focused as a replacement treatment. To product a bioartificial liver, three elements must be considered: seeding cells, scaffold and bioreactor. Recent studies have shown that several methods can successfully differentiate MSC (mesenchymal stem cells) derived from Wharton's jelly into hepatocyte, such as stimulating MSC by cytokines and growth factors, direct and indirect co-culture MSC with hepatocytes, or promote MSC differentiation by 3-dimensional matrix. In some cases, differentiation of MSC into hepatocytes can also be an alternative approach for whole organ transplantation in treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. In this review, the characterization of MSC from Wharton's jelly, their potential of application in liver tissue engineering on base of decellularized scaffold, their status of banking and their preclinical work performed will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kun Ming Medical University, Kun Ming, China
| | - Yong-Hen Zhao
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kun Ming Medical University, Kun Ming, China
| | - Zheng Guan
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kun Ming Medical University, Kun Ming, China
| | - Jun-Song Ye
- Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kun Ming Medical University, Kun Ming, China CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lés-Nancy, France
| | - Natalia de Isla
- CNRS, UMR 7365, Biopole, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre-lés-Nancy, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES In present study, we plan to produce a decellularization protocol from rat liver to generate a three-dimensional whole organ scaffold. METHODS A combination of 1% SDS and 1% tritonX-100 were used orderly to decellularize rat livers. After about 6 h of interactive antegrade/retrograde perfusion, a decellularized whole translucent liver scaffold with integrated blood vessel networks was generated. The decellularized livers are charactered by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and biochemical analysis (DNA quantification) for preservation of the three-dimension of extracellular matrix architecture. RESULTS The decellularization protocol was verified by observation of the whole translucent liver organ with intact vascular trees under macroscopy, in conjunction with the hematoxylin-eosin staining that showed no cells or nuclear material remained. Additionally, the Masson's stain indicted that the extracellular proteins were well kept and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a preserved decellularized matrix architecture. Compared to normal livers, DNA in the decellularized livers was quantified less than 10% at the same mass. CONCLUSIONS The current method of decellularization protocol was feasible, simple and quick, and was verified by an absence of residual cells. The decellularized extracellular matrix had preserved integrate vascular network and a three-dimensional architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Ye
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming, Kun Ming, China Lorraine University and CNRS UNR 7561, Medical College, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-François Stoltz
- Lorraine University and CNRS UNR 7561, Medical College, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France CHRU Nancy, Unité Therapie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Natalia de Isla
- Lorraine University and CNRS UNR 7561, Medical College, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yang Liu
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming, Kun Ming, China
| | - Yan-Feng Yin
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming, Kun Ming, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming, Kun Ming, China
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Ye JS, Su XS, Stoltz JF, de Isla N, Zhang L. Signalling pathways involved in the process of mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into hepatocytes. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:157-65. [PMID: 25656979 PMCID: PMC6496737 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
End‐stage liver disease can be the termination of acute or chronic liver diseases, with manifestations of liver failure; transplantation is currently an effective treatment for these. However, transplantation is severely limited due to the serious lack of donors, expense, graft rejection and requirement of long‐term immunosuppression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention as therapeutic tools as they can be obtained with relative ease and expanded in culture, along with features of self‐renewal and multidirectional differentiation. Many scientific groups have sought to use MSCs differentiating into functional hepatocytes to be used in cell transplantation with liver tissue engineering to repair diseased organs. In most of the literature, hepatocyte differentiation refers to use of various additional growth factors and cytokines, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), oncostatin M (OSM) and more, and most are involved in signalling pathway regulation and cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions. Signalling pathways have been shown to play critical roles in embryonic development, tumourigenesis, tumour progression, apoptosis and cell‐fate determination. However, mechanisms of MSCs differentiating into hepatocytes, particularly signalling pathways involved, have not as yet been completely illustrated. In this review, we have focused on progress of signalling pathways associated with mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into hepatocytes along with the stepwise differentiation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Ye
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming, Kun Ming, 650011, China; Lorraine University and CNRS UMR 7365, Medical College, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France
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9
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Abstract
Liver diseases have become one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Cell therapy and liver transplantation are though to be two treatment options well accepted. However, the shortage of cells sources in cytotherapy and the lack of liver donor in liver transplantation are the major obstacles for the performance of these treatment methods. It urged us to find new origins of extra-hepatic cells. A number of recent studies show that extra-hepatic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from different tissues can be differentiated into hepatocytes like cells (HLC). Several hepatic differentiation protocols of MSC have been published in recent years, based on cellular stimulation with exogenous cytokines/growth factors, co-culture with fetal or adult hepatocytes, 2- or 3-dimensional (2D, 3D) matrices to favor differentiation. Independently from the starting stem cells population used, some minimal criteria must be fulfilled to ensure therapeutic success: in vitro expandability, expression of hepatic like surface markers, with hepatic cell functions, and minimal or absent immunogenicity in the recipient host. In this review, we focused on stem cells originated from bone marrow, umbilical cord and adipose tissue which are widely investigated in recent years and have been proved to have liver regenerative potential, the factors used to differentiate stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells and the methods used to investigate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- BRC, First Hospital of Kun Ming (affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kun Ming Medical College), Kun Ming, China.
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Hu SQ, Ye JS, Zong YY, Sun CC, Liu DH, Wu YP, Song T, Zhang GY. S-nitrosylation of mixed lineage kinase 3 contributes to its activation after cerebral ischemia. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:2364-77. [PMID: 22123824 PMCID: PMC3268398 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.227124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) can be activated following global ischemia. In addition, other laboratories have reported that the activation of MLK3 may be linked to the accumulation of free radicals. However, the mechanism of MLK3 activation remains incompletely understood. We report here that MLK3, overexpressed in HEK293 cells, is S-nitrosylated (forming SNO-MLK3) via a reaction with S-nitrosoglutathione, an exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor, at one critical cysteine residue (Cys-688). We further show that the S-nitrosylation of MLK3 contributes to its dimerization and activation. We also investigated whether the activation of MLK3 is associated with S-nitrosylation following rat brain ischemia/reperfusion. Our results show that the administration of 7-nitroindazole, an inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), or nNOS antisense oligodeoxynucleotides diminished the S-nitrosylation of MLK3 and inhibited its activation induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. In contrast, 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-1,3-thiazine (an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase) or nNOS missense oligodeoxynucleotides did not affect the S-nitrosylation of MLK3. In addition, treatment with sodium nitroprusside (an exogenous NO donor) and S-nitrosoglutathione or MK801, an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, also diminished the S-nitrosylation and activation of MLK3 induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The activation of MLK3 facilitated its downstream protein kinase kinase 4/7 (MKK4/7)-JNK signaling module and both nuclear and non-nuclear apoptosis pathways. These data suggest that the activation of MLK3 during the early stages of ischemia/reperfusion is modulated by S-nitrosylation and provides a potential new approach for stroke therapy whereby the post-translational modification machinery is targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qun Hu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation and Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jun-Song Ye
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation and Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Yan-Yan Zong
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation and Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Chang-Cheng Sun
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation and Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Dong-Hai Liu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation and Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Yong-Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002 and
| | - Tao Song
- the Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Guang-Yi Zhang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation and Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
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Abstract
Both coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection and selenium (Se) deficiency play a pivotal role in Keshan disease of the heart. The Se deficiency was known to contribute to the CVB3-induced myocarditis in acute and subacute phase of infection. However, its effect on the myocarditis in chronic phase of infection has not been examined yet. To address this question, we kept mice on a Se-replete or Se-deficient diet for 28 days, infected them intraperitoneally with CVB3 and maintaining previous diets, we examined them for next 90 days for several parameters indicative of the infection or disease. We found out that the mice on the Se-deficient diet exhibited a higher mortality, lower serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, evident histopathological changes indicative of myocarditis, and a higher level of viral RNA in the heart. Summing up, these data suggest that the Se-deficiency creates a chronic myocarditis-prone condition by fostering the active virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Jun
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Yang KH, Fang H, Ye JS, Gong JZ, Wang JT, Xu WF. The main functions and structural modifications of tripeptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) as a chemotactic factor. Pharmazie 2008; 63:779-783. [PMID: 19069235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gram negative bacteria-derived and synthetic N-formyl peptides play a key role in host defense as chemotactic factors for phagocytic leukocytes. The first compound to be identified was N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) which contains highly potent leukocyte chemoattractant. Natural fMLP was subsequently purified and identified in supernatants of gram negative bacteria. Recently, much more attention has been focused on the human formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and its variant formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and formyl peptide receptor-like 2 (FPRL2). Chemotactic factors such as fMLP interact with their specific cell surface receptors, which results in multiple biological responses through a G protein-coupled signal pathway. In this review, the functions and structural modifications of fMLP are discussed in view of future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, P.R. China
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13
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Wang JT, Peng DY, Chen M, Ye JS. Gene delivery for lung cancer using nonviral gene vectors. Pharmazie 2007; 62:723-726. [PMID: 18236772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple options for the treatment of lung cancer have often been described in the past, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, but the therapeutic effect is typically transient and mostly absent with advanced disease. New approaches to the treatment of lung cancer are urgently needed. Gene therapy has been widely proposed as a novel strategy to improve therapy. Although progress has been made using viral vectors, rapid advances in transfection technologies employing nonviral vectors, together with their relatively low toxicity, suggest that nonviral vectors may have significant potential for clinical applications. This paper briefly reviews general principles of gene delivery with emphasis on recent developments in the arena of lung cancer using nonviral vectors (naked DNA, polycationic polymers, cationic liposomes). Employing gene transfer techniques to achieve therapeutically useful levels of expression of therapeutic genes in the lung could provide a new strategy for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Wang
- Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 45 Shihe Road, Hefei, 230001, China.
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14
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Abstract
In acute hypoxia, the release of nitric oxide (NO) produced in rat carotid body is unclear. The concentration of NO was measured electrochemically with a Pt/Nafion/Pd-IrOx/POAP-modified electrode placed on the surface of isolated carotid bodies superfused with bicarbonate-buffer saline at 35 degrees C. In hypoxia, the concentration of NO in the carotid body was increased by 17+/-2 nM. The amount of NO release during hypoxia was augmented by increasing the number of carotid bodies surrounding the electrode and also in the presence of L-arginine. In addition, the hypoxia-induced elevation of NO was abolished by pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-N(G)-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME). The results suggest that endogenous NO production in the carotid body increases during hypoxia. Electrophysiological measurement of single fiber activity in the sinus nerve revealed that L-NAME treatment enhances the afferent discharge in response to hypoxia. This confirms that the hypoxia-induced elevation of NO suppresses the carotid chemoreceptor response to hypoxia. Taken together, it is concluded that acute hypoxia increases NO generation in the rat carotid body, and that the elevated levels of NO suppress carotid chemoreceptor activity during hypoxia. Hence, NO may play an active inhibitory role in the control of carotid chemoreceptor activity during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Fung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam
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15
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Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a neuron-specific protein kinase C (PKC) substrate, which contains four cysteine (Cys) residues. Recently, it has been shown that Ng is a redox-sensitive protein and is a likely target of nitric oxide (NO) and other oxidants [F.-S. Sheu, C.W. Mahoney, K. Seki, K.-P. Huang, Nitric oxide modification of rat brain neurogranin affects its phosphorylation by protein kinase C and affinity for calmodulin, J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 22407-22413: J. Li, J.H. Pak, F.L. Huang, K.-P. Huang, N-methyl-D-aspartate induces neurogranin/RC3 oxidation in rat brain slices, J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 1294-1300]. In this study, we directly examine the redox reactions between dissolved NO and Cys as well as between NO and bacterial expressed Ng in its reduced form, at concentrations approximate to the physiological levels in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) under aerobic conditions. The reaction kinetics are measured directly by our newly developed electrochemical sensor. Our sensor is based on the chemical modification of electrode with immobilized nanoparticles of transition metal palladium (Pd) which serves as catalytic centers for the electrochemical oxidation of thiol and NO selectively and quantitatively at different potentials. It detects Cys and Ng in a linear range from nano to micromolar concentration at + 450 mV, vs. a saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE), while the detection of NO at the sensor can be optimally achieved at + 700 mV (vs. SCE) with a linear current-to-concentration range of nM to microM. It thus provides a selective control to monitor two reactants independently. With this sensor as a detector, we found that (1) the oxidation of either Cys or Ng by NO is a fast reaction which reaches a near completion within 1-2 min at its physiological concentration; and (2) after the completion of reaction, NO is mostly, if not all, regenerated, an observation consistent with the reaction mechanism involving the formation of S-nitrosothiol as an intermediate. The reaction kinetics of both NO to Cys and NO to Ng implies that NO can achieve local action on cellular proteins in addition to its effect on targets located in neighboring cells via concentration-gradient-dependent diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Miao
- Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the mycelium of Ganoderma microsporum was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment at 70 degrees C, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-52 anion-exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl SH-200 chromatography. The molecular mass of its native form was estimated to be 98 kD by size-exclusion chromatography. This enzyme is tetrameric composed of four subunits of equal size of 25 kD. The pI of this purified Mn-SOD was located at pH 6.34 and 5.06 by isoelectric focusing. Comparisons of 17 amino acids from the N-terminus of Mn-SOD subunit with the derived amino acid sequences from the reported Mn-SOD cDNA clones of other sources indicated a high degree of homology among the Ganoderma genus but the Mn-SOD from G. microsporum showed a high variation when compared with other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pan
- Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China.
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Ye JS, Wang XH, Feng GH, Liang GR, Liu ZP. Small-dose Harringtonine induces complete remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia 1988; 2:427-9. [PMID: 3164799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Small-dose Harringtonine (1-3 mg infused during 4-5 hr) was used as a single agent to treat 10 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Every patient received one to three courses, each lasting 13-81 days (mean 33 days). The interval between courses (i.e., interruptions) was 5-11 days. During treatment, marrow aplasia occurred in one patient and hypoplasia in three. Pancytopenia occurred in all 10 patients. Complete remission was achieved in seven patients (70%) and cytoreduction in two. In vitro studies showed that, although Harringtonine produced a decrease in leukemic cells in all five series of marrow cultures from five patients, there was only one wherein the decrease was accompanied by a simultaneous absolute increase in differentiated myeloid cells. Considerable discrepancy existed between the culture results and clinical responses. These results seem to suggest that the therapeutic effect of Harringtonine on acute promyelocytic leukemia originates chiefly from cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ye
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital 309, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
Fourteen patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were treated with low-dose arabinosylcytosine (LDAC). Thirteen patients received subcutaneous injections at a dose of 10 mg/M2 every 12 h. One patient received 25 mg intramuscularly daily. All cases received one to three courses with each course lasting 10-60 days (median 19). Complete remission was achieved in 6 (or 43%) of the patients. Three patients had only cytoreduction and 5 patients did not respond. During the therapy severe thrombocytopenia occurred in all patients while prominent other cytopenias occurred in 10. Two-thirds of the patients achieving a remission had significant myelosuppression. There was one treatment-related death. During therapy 11 patients demonstrated a decrease in leukemia cells with an associated increase in differentiated granulocytes. This included 3 of the 4 complete remitters, and 3 of the 5 nonresponders. These results seem to suggest that the therapeutic effect of low-dose Ara-C may result from a combination of differentiation induction, cytotoxicity and unusual sensitivity of the leukemic cells to this agent.
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Zhou ZX, Li GR, Ye JS, Xi YH, Huang RZ. Continuous in vitro cultivation of erythrocytic Plasmodium cynomolgi. Chin Med J (Engl) 1984; 97:84-8. [PMID: 6432472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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20
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Ye JS, Zhang HQ, Yuan CQ. [Isolation and identification of coumarin praeruptorin E from the root of the Chinese drug Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (Umbelliferae)]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1982; 17:431-4. [PMID: 7148466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Wu YX, Zheng DS, Yu GR, Cheng BH, Ye JS, Qian DH, Wu JH. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of acupuncture at Neiguan (P. 6) in chronic rheumatic heart disease. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1982; 2:51-6. [PMID: 6765689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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