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Lee G, Lee MS, Lee R, Moon JE. A novel compound variant in GNRHR causing congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a young male Korean patient. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 28:S20-S22. [PMID: 35798295 PMCID: PMC10783930 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2244070.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gimin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Rosie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Lee R, Lee MS, Moon JE. A Korean male with Kleefstra syndrome presented with micropenis. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 28:308-311. [PMID: 38173384 PMCID: PMC10765021 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2244174.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Kleefstra syndrome is caused by chromosome 9q34.3 deletion or heterozygous mutations in the euchromatin histone methyl transferase 1 (EHMT1) gene. It can be accompanied by intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, microcephaly, psychiatric disorders, hypotonia in childhood, hearing loss, heart defects, renal defects, epilepsy, speech anomalies, and obesity. Furthermore, genital anomalies are present in 30%-40% of male patients with Kleefstra syndrome, but their mechanisms have not been elucidated. Herein, we report a patient with Kleefstra syndrome presenting with micropenis. The patient was transferred to Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital for management of imperforate anus on the day of birth. Physical examination revealed micropenis with stretched penile length of 0.9 cm and facial dysmorphisms, including hypertelorism and anteverted nares. Chromosomal microarray revealed 424-kb heterozygous deletion at chromosome 9q34.3 (arr[hg19] 9q34.3 (140,234,315-140,659,055)x1). Among the involved main OMIM genes, phenotypically relevant genes were EHMT1 and NSMF. Endocrinological investigation showed low basal gonadotropin and testosterone levels. Anterior pituitary hormones and steroid hormone levels were in the normal range. Testicular function was normal based on human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test. The patient experienced improvement in penile length growth with intramuscular testosterone enanthate injection initiated at 4 months of age. The purpose of this study is to describe the etiology, endocrine laboratory tests, and treatment of micropenis in Kleefstra syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-seon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Lee YJ, Choi Y, Yoo HW, Lee YA, Shin CH, Choi HS, Kim HS, Kim JH, Moon JE, Ko CW, Ahn MB, Suh BK, Choi JH. Metabolic Impacts of Discontinuation and Resumption of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment during the Transition Period in Patients with Childhood-Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:359-368. [PMID: 35504604 PMCID: PMC9081298 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discontinuing growth hormone (GH) treatment during the transition to adulthood has been associated with adverse health outcomes in patients with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency (CO-GHD). This study investigated the metabolic changes associated with interrupting GH treatment in adolescents with CO-GHD during the transition period. METHODS This study included 187 patients with CO-GHD who were confirmed to have adult GHD and were treated at six academic centers in Korea. Data on clinical parameters, including anthropometric measurements, metabolic profiles, and bone mineral density (BMD) at the end of childhood GH treatment, were collected at the time of re-evaluation for GHD and 1 year after treatment resumption. RESULTS Most patients (n=182, 97.3%) had organic GHD. The median age at treatment discontinuation and re-evaluation was 15.6 and 18.7 years, respectively. The median duration of treatment interruption was 2.8 years. During treatment discontinuation, body mass index Z-scores and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels increased, whereas fasting glucose levels decreased. One year after GH treatment resumption, fasting glucose levels, HDL cholesterol levels, and femoral neck BMD increased significantly. Longer GH interruption (>2 years, 60.4%) resulted in worse lipid profiles at re-evaluation. The duration of interruption was positively correlated with fasting glucose and non-HDL cholesterol levels after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION GH treatment interruption during the transition period resulted in worse metabolic parameters, and a longer interruption period was correlated with poorer outcomes. GH treatment should be resumed early in patients with CO-GHD during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunha Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Saem Choi
- Departmend of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Departmend of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Moon Bae Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park H, Kim J, Choi S, Suh HR, Moon JE, Kim D, Choi BS, Hwang SK, Kang B, Choe BH. Case report of compound CFTR variants in Korean siblings with cystic fibrosis: importance of differentiating cystic fibrosis from inflammatory bowel disease. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:3104-3109. [PMID: 34976777 PMCID: PMC8649608 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cystic fibrosis (CF) is considerably lower in Asian populations compared with that of Caucasians. Cases of CF are typically due to mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene with autosomal recessive inheritance. Here, we report two cases of newly diagnosed CF in Korea-a 13-year-old boy and his 5-year-old brother. The older brother was admitted to our hospital for evaluation and treatment of recurrent abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, and failure to thrive. Fecal calprotectin (FC) was elevated, and when combining this with his clinical presentation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EoGE) was the first impression of his disease. Several ulcerative lesions were observed on ileocolonoscopy. However, incidental findings of suspicious bronchiectatic lesions were observed on plain radiography, which were confirmed by chest computed tomography. Moreover, diffuse bowel wall thickening with pancreatic atrophy was also incidentally detected by computed tomography of the abdomen. Comprehensively, these findings were highly suggestive of CF. Therefore, diagnostic exome sequencing was conducted, which revealed compound heterozygous variants of c.263T>G (p.Leu88*) and c.2977G>T (p.Asp993Tyr) in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Although symptoms in the younger brother were not as prominent as the older brother, genetic test was also conducted, which revealed the same mutation. We report the identification of a novel variant, p.Asp993Tyr, in siblings with Korean heritage. Although CF is rare in Koreans, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sujin Choi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo-Rim Suh
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dongsub Kim
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bong Seok Choi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Choe
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Lee MS, Lee GM, Ko CW, Moon JE. Precocious puberty in Korean girls with and without exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in toy slime: a comparative analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:190. [PMID: 34535098 PMCID: PMC8449472 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toy slime is popular in Korea, and in parallel, pre-pubertal girls visit hospitals for early pubertal signs. Thus far, numerous studies have investigated the association of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with precocious puberty (PP). However, there is a lack of studies on the clinical manifestations and sex hormones. We aimed to investigate early pubertal development in Korean girls with or without a history of toy slime exposure and determine changes in bone age, Tanner stage, and sex hormones. METHODS In this study, 140 girls underwent stimulation tests at Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital Endocrinology Department, during January 2018 and December 2020. Patients were divided into two groups for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test and frequency of exposure to toy slime (EDCs). GnRH stimulation test was conducted after an intravenous injection of 100 µg of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Slime exposure was defined as Slime ≥ 3 times/week for ≥ 3 months. RESULTS History of slime exposure was found in 14 of 58 and 65 of 82 patients in the central PP (CPP) and non-CPP groups, respectively. Slime-exposed patients had advanced bone age, although their Tanner stage was low. Patients with a history of toy slime exposure were 5.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with non-CPP than patients without slime exposure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to toy slime in prepubertal girls may be associated with rapid clinical advancement of pubertal development and bone age, and the patients appear more likely to be diagnosed with non-CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Seon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Min Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, 41404, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Lee MS, Lee R, Ko CW, Moon JE. Increase in blood glucose level and incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2021; 39:46-52. [PMID: 34433241 PMCID: PMC8895965 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2021.01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area in 2020 has caused difficulties in the daily life and hospital care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We detected an increase in blood sugar levels in these children and the number of patients hospitalized with more severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) compared to those before COVID-19. Methods This single-center study was conducted at Kyungpook National University Children’s Hospital. The following patient groups were included; 45 returning patients diagnosed with T1DM and undergoing insulin treatment for more than 2 years and 20 patients newly diagnosed with T1DM before and after COVID-19 were selected by age matching. Returning patients before and after the outbreak were selected, and changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were retrospectively reviewed. The HbA1c levels and severity of symptoms in newly diagnosed patients during hospitalization were examined. Results HbA1c levels in returning patients with T1DM were significantly increased after COVID-19 (before, 7.70%±1.38% vs. after, 8.30%±2.05%; p=0.012). There were 10 and 10 newly diagnosed patients before and after COVID-19, respectively. The proportion of patients with drowsiness and dyspnea at the time of admission was higher after COVID-19 than before (before, 2 of 10 vs. after, 4 of 10). The HbA1c levels were higher in newly diagnosed patients hospitalized after COVID-19 than before (before, 11.15% vs. after, 13.60%; p=0.036). Conclusion Due to COVID-19 in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area, there was an increase in blood glucose levels in children with T1DM and in the incidence of severe DKA in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Seon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Rosie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Moon JE, Yang HY, Wee G, ParK SH, Ko CW. A cell function study on calcium regulation of a novel calcium-sensing receptor mutation (p.Tyr825Phe). Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 26:24-30. [PMID: 32871647 PMCID: PMC8026336 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2040022.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria is a genetic disease characterized by hypoparathyroidism with hypercalciuria. We discovered a novel variant (p.Tyr825Phe[Y825F]) of the CASR gene in a neonate with congenital hypoparathyroidism and hypercalciuria and conducted a cell function study to determine whether the CASR-Y825F variant was pathogenic. METHODS To perform a functional study on CaSR-Y825F, we constructed expression vectors expressing wild-type (WT) CASR and CASR-Y825F. After transfection of each expression vector into HEK293 cells, we examined alterations in intracellular signaling. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling activity of HEK293 cells expressing CASR-WT or CASR-Y825F was determined. Changes in intracellular calcium ions ([Ca2+]i) by extracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]e) stimulation were quantitatively compared and analyzed. RESULTS Cells expressing CASR-Y825F showed elevated of MAPK signaling (phospho-ERK [pERK], phospho-JNK [pJNK], phospho-p38 [pp38]) and increased [Ca2+]i levels at low [Ca2+]e stimulation compared with cells expressing CASR-WT. Additionally, [Ca2+]i levels in HEK293 cells expression CASR-WT and CASR-Y825F were determined at 340 nm/380 nm wavelength ratios using Fura-2 AM. At [Ca2+]e concentrations of 2.5 mM and 3 mM, the ratios of CASR-Y825F cells were higher (2.6 and 3.5, respectively) than those of CASR-WT cells (1.04 and 1.40, respectively). CONCLUSION This cell function study proved that the CASR-Y825F expressed in HEK293 cells elevated MAPK signaling (pERK, pJNK, pp38) and increased [Ca2+]i to induce hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, Korea
| | - Gabbine Wee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, Korea
| | - Suk-Hyun ParK
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea,Address for correspondence: Cheol Woo Ko Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, 807, Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Korea
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Lee Y, Choi JH, Oh A, Kim GH, Park SH, Moon JE, Ko CW, Cheon CK, Yoo HW. Clinical, endocrinological, and molecular features of four Korean cases of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 25:97-103. [PMID: 32615689 PMCID: PMC7336261 DOI: 10.6065/apem.1938152.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the POR gene encoding an electron donor for all microsomal P450 enzymes. It is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, ambiguous genitalia, maternal virilization during pregnancy, and skeletal dysplasia. In this study, we investigated the clinical, hormonal, and molecular characteristics of patients with POR deficiency in Korea. METHODS This study included four patients with POR deficiency confirmed by biochemical and molecular analysis of POR. Clinical and biochemical findings were reviewed retrospectively. Mutation analysis of POR was performed by Sanger sequencing after polymerase chain reaction amplification of all coding exons and the exon-intron boundaries. RESULTS All patients presented with adrenal insufficiency and ambiguous genitalia regardless of their genetic sex. Two patients harbored homozygous p.R457H mutations in POR and presented with adrenal insufficiency and genital ambiguity without skeletal phenotypes. The other two patients with compound heterozygous mutations of c.[1329_1330insC];[1370G>A] (p.[I444Hfs*6];[R457H]) manifested skeletal abnormalities, such as craniosynostosis and radiohumeral synostosis, suggesting Antley-Bixler syndrome. They also had multiple congenital anomalies involving heart, kidney, and hearing ability. All patients were treated with physiologic doses of oral hydrocortisone. CONCLUSION We report the cases of 4 patients with POR deficiency identified by mutation analysis of POR. Although the study involved a small number of patients, the POR p.R457H mutation was the most common, suggesting founder effect in Korea. POR deficiency is rare and can be misdiagnosed as 21-hydroxylase or 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. Therefore, molecular analysis is critical for confirmatory diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Lee
- Depar tment of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Depar tment of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arum Oh
- Depar tment of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gu-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook-Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chong-Kun Cheon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Depar tment of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Han-Wook Yoo, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3374 Fax: +82-2-473-3725 E-mail:
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Cho EM, Moon JE, Lee SJ, Ko CW. Severe recurrent nocturnal hypoglycemia during chemotherapy with 6-mercaptopurine in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 23:226-228. [PMID: 30599485 PMCID: PMC6312912 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2018.23.4.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various endocrine dysfunctions occur during chemotherapy, including hypoglycemia. However, reports of hypoglycemia associated with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are rare. Herein, we report an 8-year-old boy with severe symptomatic hypoglycemia likely due to 6-MP during chemotherapy. He had been diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia 3 years previously and was in the maintenance chemotherapy period. Treatment included oral dexamethasone, methotrexate, and 6-MP, of which only 6-MP was administered daily. Hypoglycemic symptoms appeared mainly at dawn, and his serum glucose dropped to a minimum of 37 mg/dL. Laboratory findings showed nothing specific other than increased serum cortisol, free fatty acids, ketone, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Under the hypothesis of hypoglycemia due to chemotherapy drugs, we changed the time of 6-MP from evening to morning and recommended him to ingest carbohydrate-rich foods before bedtime. Hypoglycemia improved dramatically, and there was no further episode during the remaining maintenance chemotherapy period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of hypoglycemia occurring in an Asian child including Korean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Cho
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Lee
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Ko
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Lee TH, Bu J, Kim BH, Kim YJ, Kang YT, Moon JE, Cho YH. Abstract 4306: Combined effects of chemotherapy to reduce metastasis caused by insufficient hyperthermia. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hyperthermia therapy is one of the most widely studied non-surgical methods for breast tumors, which eliminates tumor by inducing acute stress on tumor cells. However, it has been extensively known that the viability of the tumor cells is highly influenced by the applied temperature. Insufficient thermal stress during hyperthermia treatments may alter tumor microenvironment by promoting epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition (EMT) and as a result, enhancing the outgrowth of residual tumor cells. Therefore, cells that have survived from sublethal thermal stress and experienced EMT may cause substantial clinical problems. In this case, hyperthermia requires additional therapy in order to promote cell death of more invasive tumor cells that have resisted to the thermal stimulus. In this study, we confirmed that the co-treatment of chemotherapy with hyperthermia may overcome the phenotypical transition caused by insufficient heat treatment. After exposing breast cancer cells (MCF-7) into two different temperature conditions (42°C and 47°C) for an hour, we have verified that 10.51 ± 1.71% and 18.27 ± 10.66% of cells experienced apoptosis or necrosis when the cells were exposed to 42°C and 47°C, respectively. At the same time, cancer cells showed higher invasiveness, spear-like morphology, and enhanced migratory behaviors as the exposed temperature increases, which is mainly shown among the cells that have experienced EMT. Further western blot assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using mesenchymal marker (vimentin) and epithelial marker (E-cadherin) also support that the mesenchymal-like phenotype has been highly increased on the cells that have resisted to the thermal stress. However, when chemotherapy was conducted after the heat treatment, cell viability was highly reduced. Paclitaxel (11.7 nM), cisplatin (3.3 μM), and combination of two anticancer drugs were treated for 24 hours on the cells that have been exposed to different temperatures, respectively. As a result, death rate of tumor cells has increased from 11.31 to 66.69%. Especially, when paclitaxel and cisplatin were co-treated, the death rate was up to 73.75 ± 4.37% after cells were exposed to 47°C. In conclusion, cancer cells that have survived from insufficient hyperthermia showed high potential to promote metastasis or recurrence but additional chemotherapy can successfully reduce the side effects induced by insufficient hyperthermia treatment.
Citation Format: Tae Hee Lee, Jiyoon Bu, Byoung Hyuck Kim, Young Jun Kim, Yoon-Tae Kang, Jung Eun Moon, Young-Ho Cho. Combined effects of chemotherapy to reduce metastasis caused by insufficient hyperthermia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4306. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4306
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hee Lee
- 1Cell Bench Research Center(SEMCELL), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byoung Hyuck Kim
- 3Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jung Eun Moon
- 4Armed Forces Medical Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Gotto AM, Moon JE. Merits and potential downsides of the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol management guidelines. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:573-576. [PMID: 24819819 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association on cholesterol management introduced substantial changes from the previous Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and generated an immediate storm of controversy upon their release in November 2013. Four categories of individuals that can benefit from statin therapy, including three high-risk groups, have been identified. The fourth category of primary prevention has proven to be the most contentious, with criticism centering on the algorithm used to estimate ten-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and the optimal threshold for statin therapy. Although the risk assessment algorithm can be further refined, it represents an improvement from the previous calculator since it better captures risk in women and African Americans. However, the elimination of lipid targets in the new guidelines discounts a wealth of clinical trial and epidemiological evidence indicating that, with regards to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, "lower is better." Recommendations regarding the use of nonstatin drugs, while appropriate, could potentially be revised in the future. In general, the new guidelines stress the necessity of addressing the multiple factors that contribute to cardiovascular risk, and they provide a valuable opportunity for physicians to address the importance of lifestyle modifications to lower a patient's overall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gotto
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - J E Moon
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Ahn DG, Shim SB, Moon JE, Kim JH, Kim SJ, Oh JW. Interference of hepatitis C virus replication in cell culture by antisense peptide nucleic acids targeting the X-RNA. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:e298-306. [PMID: 21692941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the essential catalytic enzyme for viral genome replication. It initiates minus-strand RNA synthesis from a highly conserved 98-nt sequence, called the X-RNA, at the 3'-end of the plus-strand viral genome. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effects of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) targeting the X-RNA. Our in vitro RdRp assay results showed that PNAs targeting the three major stem-loop (SL) domains of X-RNA can inhibit RNA synthesis initiation. Delivery of X-RNA-targeted PNAs by fusing the PNAs to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) into HCV-replicating cells effectively suppressed HCV replication. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the PNA targeting the SL3 region at the 5'-end of X-RNA dissociated the viral RdRp from the X-RNA. Furthermore, delivery of the SL3-targeted PNA into HCV-infected cells resulted in the suppression of HCV RNA replication without activation of interferon β expression. Collectively, our results indicate that the HCV X-RNA can be effectively targeted by CPP-fused PNAs to block RNA-protein and/or RNA-RNA interactions essential for viral RNA replication and identify X-RNA SL3 as an RdRp binding site crucial for HCV replication. In addition, the ability to inhibit RNA synthesis initiation by targeting HCV X-RNA using antisense PNAs suggests their promising therapeutic potential against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Ahn
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Keiser PB, Biggs-Cicatelli S, Moran EE, Schmiel DH, Pinto VB, Burden RE, Miller LB, Moon JE, Bowden RA, Cummings JF, Zollinger WD. A phase 1 study of a meningococcal native outer membrane vesicle vaccine made from a group B strain with deleted lpxL1 and synX, over-expressed factor H binding protein, two PorAs and stabilized OpcA expression. Vaccine 2011; 29:1413-20. [PMID: 21199704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This phase I clinical trial assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a native outer membrane vesicle (NOMV) vaccine prepared from an lpxL1(-) synX(-) mutant of strain 8570(B:4:P1.19,15:L8-5) of Neisseria meningitidis. Additional mutations enhance the expression of factor H binding protein variant 1 (fHbp v.1), stabilize expression of OpcA and introduce a second PorA (P1.22,14). Thirty-six volunteers were assigned to one of four dose groups (10, 25, 50 and 75 mcg, based on protein content) to receive three intramuscular injections at six week intervals with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Specific local and systemic adverse events were solicited by diary and at visits on days 2, 7, and 14 after each vaccination. Blood chemistries, complete blood count, and coagulation studies were measured on each vaccination day and again 2 and 14 days later. Blood for ELISA and serum bactericidal assays was drawn two and six weeks after each vaccination. The proportion of volunteers who developed a fourfold or greater increase in bactericidal activity to the wild type parent of the vaccine strain at two weeks after the third dose was 27 out of 34 (0.79, 95% C.I. 0.65-0.93). Against four other group B strains the response rate ranged from 41% to 82% indicating a good cross reactive antibody response. Depletion assays show contributions to bactericidal activity from antibodies to lipooligosaccharide (LOS), fHbp v.1 and OpcA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Keiser
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Jung SI, Lee CS, Park KH, Kim ES, Kim YJ, Kim GS, Lim DS, Moon JE, Min JJ, Bom HS, Jung MH, Chang YJ, Chae SL, Lee JH. Sero-epidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection among healthcare workers in Korean hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2009; 72:251-7. [PMID: 19446368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been increasingly reported in Korea as has an outbreak in Korean healthcare workers (HCWs). This 2008 study evaluated the sero-epidemiology of HAV infections among 3696 HCWs in four Korean hospitals. HCWs were tested for immunoglobulin G anti-HAV antibodies using commercially available kits. Data including demographic characteristics, occupation, workplace and serological status for other hepatitis viruses were collected. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify variables related to HAV seropositivity. Among the 3696 participants, 2742 (74%) were women and the majority (96%) were aged 20-39 years (median: 28; range: 19-68). Eighteen percent were physicians, 46% nurses, 10% nurses' aides, 11% paramedical technicians and 15% administrative staff. Seropositivity for HAV significantly increased with age (P<0.001): 1.8% for < or =24 years, 14.7% for 25-29 years, 41.8% for 30-34 years, 75.5% for 35-39 years, and 93.7% for > or =40 years. Among those aged 20-39 years, age-specific HAV seroprevalence was significantly lower in physicians than in the other occupational groups (P<0.001). In Korea, mass vaccination to HCWs aged < or =29 years or screening for seropositivity and vaccinating non-immune subjects aged 30-39 years should be considered, especially in physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-I Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Moon JE. Pressing at the limits: the challenge of the Hebrew Committee of National Liberation to chemical warfare policy. Simon Wiesenthal Cent Annu 2001; 2:139-47. [PMID: 11618105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Moon
- Fitchburg State College, Massachusetts 01420
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Moon JE. The University of Alabama Hospitals prepares for Medicare DRG reimbursement. Ala J Med Sci 1984; 21:16-7. [PMID: 6422783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Moon JE. Chemical weapons and deterrence: the World War II experience. Int Secur 1984; 8:3-35. [PMID: 11617219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Moon JE. The great risk: ignoring risk management. Ala J Med Sci 1980; 17:332-4. [PMID: 7435869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Moon JE. Let's sell the value of health care. Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:255-6. [PMID: 5096779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Moon JE. Computerized pharmacy system solves hospital's drug inventory problems. Mod Hosp 1969; 113:118-24. [PMID: 5350251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Moon JE. Physician-trustees help hospital's communications. Mod Hosp 1969; 112:73-4. [PMID: 5773629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Moon JE. Contract service features catered food. Mod Hosp 1966; 106:122-4. [PMID: 5932360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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