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Sun H, Wu YM, Wang YM, Liu JX, Myung KH. Effects of Aspergillus Oryzae Culture and 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)-Butanoic Acid on In vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Populations between Different Roughage Sources. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1285-92. [PMID: 25178372 PMCID: PMC4150195 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC) and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations between different roughage sources. Two roughage sources (Chinese wild rye [CWR] vs corn silage [CS]) were assigned in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with HMB (0 or 15 mg) and AOC (0, 3, or 6 mg). Gas production (GP), microbial protein (MCP) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) were increased in response to addition of HMB and AOC (p<0.01) for the two roughages. The HMB and AOC showed inconsistent effects on ammonia-N with different substrates. For CWR, neither HMB nor AOC had significant effect on molar proportion of individual VFA. For CS, acetate was increased (p = 0.02) and butyrate was decreased (p<0.01) by adding HMB and AOC. Increase of propionate was only occurred with AOC (p<0.01). Populations of protozoa (p≤0.03) and fungi (p≤0.02) of CWR were differently influenced by HMB and AOC. Percentages of F. succinogenes, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens (p<0.01) increased when AOC was added to CWR. For CS, HMB decreased the protozoa population (p = 0.01) and increased the populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus (p≤0.03). Populations of fungi, F. succinogenes (p = 0.02) and R. flavefacien (p = 0.03) were increased by adding AOC. The HMB×AOC interactions were noted in MCP, fungi and R. flavefacien for CWR and GP, ammonia-N, MCP, total VFA, propionate, acetate/propionate (A/P) and R. albus for CS. It is inferred that addition of HMB and AOC could influence rumen fermentation of forages by increasing the number of rumen microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China ; Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Y M Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y M Wang
- Novus International Research Center, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - K H Myung
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Wang B, Luo Y, Myung KH, Liu JX. Effects of Storage Duration and Temperature on the Chemical Composition, Microorganism Density, and In vitro Rumen Fermentation of Wet Brewers Grains. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:832-40. [PMID: 25050021 PMCID: PMC4093173 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of storage duration and temperature on the characteristics of wet brewers grains (WBG) as feeds for ruminant animals. Four storage temperatures (5°C, 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C) and four durations (0, 1, 2, and 3 d) were arranged in a 4×4 factorial design. Surface spoilage, chemical composition and microorganism density were analyzed. An in vitro gas test was also conducted to determine the pH, ammonia-nitrogen and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations after 24 h incubation. Surface spoilage was apparent at higher temperatures such as 25°C and 35°C. Nutrients contents decreased concomitantly with prolonged storage times (p<0.01) and increasing temperatures (p<0.01). The amount of yeast and mold increased (p<0.05) with increasing storage times and temperatures. As storage temperature increased, gas production, in vitro disappearance of organic matter, pH, ammonia nitrogen and total VFA from the WBG in the rumen decreased (p<0.01). Our results indicate that lower storage temperature promotes longer beneficial use period. However, when storage temperature exceeds 35°C, WBG should be used within a day to prevent impairment of rumen fermentation in the subtropics such as Southeast China, where the temperature is typically above 35°C during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - K H Myung
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - J X Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Abstract
The effects of propylene glycol (PEG) on performance, ruminal fermentation, blood glucose and insulin, carcass traits, and abundance of IGF-1 mRNA in LM and leptin mRNA in adipose tissue were examined in 20 Korean native steers, with 10 each in control and PEG-fed groups, respectively. Propylene glycol mixed with concentrate diet was provided daily at a rate of 2.5 mL/kg BW(0.75). Experimental animals were fed a concentrate diet to 1.8% of BW twice daily plus rice straw ad libitum during the 4-mo period before marketing. Daily DMI and ADG did not differ between control and PEG-fed steers. Steers receiving PEG displayed an increase (P = 0.044) in propionate concentration, whereas acetate concentration decreased (P = 0.032). Although blood glucose was not affected, serum insulin was increased (P = 0.047) by PEG feeding. Propylene glycol did not affect carcass weight, 13th-rib fat depth, marbling score, or lipid content of LM. The backfat of PEG-fed steers did not differ in leptin mRNA from control steers, whereas increased leptin mRNA was found in i.m. fat with PEG feeding. There was no treatment effect on the level of IGF-1 mRNA in the LM of the tested steers. These results indicate that the amount of PEG fed to steers was not sufficient to improve marbling score through enhanced ruminal propionate and insulin. The role of increased i.m. leptin mRNA level in PEG-fed steers remains to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Livestock Research Institute, Namwon, Jeonbuk 590-832
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Cho YM, Choi H, Hwang IH, Kim YK, Myung KH. Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and manipulated dietary cation-anion difference on the tenderness of beef from cull native Korean cows. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:1481-8. [PMID: 16699104 DOI: 10.2527/2006.8461481x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH D3) and manipulated dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on the performance, urine pH, serum constituents, carcass traits, tissue residual vitamin D and its metabolites, beef tenderness, and mRNA and protein concentrations of Ca-dependent proteinases in LM using 24 cull native Korean cows. The cows were divided into 3 groups of 8: control, 25-OH D3 supplemented (25-OH D3), and manipulated DCAD plus 25-OH D3 supplemented (DCAD+25-OH D3). Cows receiving 25-OH D3 or DCAD+25-OH D3 were dosed with 125 mg of 25-OH D3 6 d before slaughter. The manipulated DCAD (-10 mEq/100 g of DM) diet was fed from 20 to 6 d (14 d) before slaughter. The DCAD+25-OH D3 treatment decreased urine pH and increased serum Ca concentrations. Although the vitamin D concentrations in LM, liver, and kidney were not affected by 25-OH D3 or DCAD+25-OH D3, muscle tissue 25-OH D3 concentrations were increased by both regimens. Serum 25-OH D3 concentrations were increased by 25-OH D3 supplementation, and the increase was even greater for DCAD+25-OH D3. The same pattern was observed for serum 1,25- (OH)2 D3. However, the LM concentration of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 was less for DCAD+25-OH D3 than for control. Although Ca concentrations of LM increased numerically in response to 25-OH D3 supplementation, no statistical differences in Warner-Bratzler shear force or sensory traits of LM were detected. The LM of cows receiving 25-OH D3 with or without manipulated DCAD had greater concentrations of mu-calpain and m-calpain mRNA, whereas the reverse was observed for calpastatin mRNA. Expression of mu-calpain protein was increased relative to control by DCAD+25-OH D3. The amount of 25-OH D3 and manipulated DCAD administered to cull native Korean cows was insufficient to improve tenderness of beef by increasing muscle Ca concentration. However, DCAD+25-OH D3 induced greater expressions of mu-calpain protein as well as mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Cho
- Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Livestock Research Institute, Pyungchang, Gangwon 232-950, Korea
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Choi BH, Lee JS, Jang GW, Lee HY, Lee JW, Lee KT, Chung HY, Park HS, Oh SJ, Sun SS, Myung KH, Cheong IC, Kim TH. Mapping of the Porcine Calpastatin Gene and Association Study of Its Variance with Economic Traits in Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2006.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cho YM, Lee GW, Jang JS, Shin IS, Myung KH, Choi KS, Bae IH, Yang CJ. Effects of Feeding Dried Leftover Food on Growth and Body Composition of Broiler Chicks. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Myung KH. Effects of Growth Factors and Gut Regulatory Peptides on Glucose Uptake in HC 11 Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Choi BH, Ahn BJ, Kook K, Sun SS, Myung KH, Moon SJ, Kim JH. Effects of Feeding Patterns and Sexes on Growth Rate, Carcass Trait and Grade in Korean Native Cattle. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2002.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kook K, Choi BH, Sun SS, Garcia F, Myung KH. Effect of Fish Oil Supplement on Growth Performance, Ruminal Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus Muscle in Korean Cattle. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2002.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Myung KH, Ahn BJ. Effects of Gut Extract Protein and Insulin on Glucose Uptake and GLUT 1 Expression in HC 11 Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2002.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Choi BH, Stewart KW, Davis SR, Myung KH. Bioluminescent Determination of Lactose Secretion: A Measure of the In Vitro Performance of Mammary Acini from Lactating Rats. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2002.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Choi BH, Ahn BJ, Kook K, Sun SS, Myung KH, Moon SJ, Kim KH, Kim JH. Effects of Dietary Treatment, Gender, and Implantation on Calpain/Calpastatin Activity and Meat Tenderness in Skeletal Muscle of Korean Native Cattle. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2002.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim YS, Singh AP, Wi SG, Myung KH, Karita S, Ohmiya K. Cellulosome-Like Structures in Ruminal Cellulolytic Bacterium Ruminococcus albus F-40 as Revealed by Electron Microscopy. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2001.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kook K, Sun SS, Yang CJ, Myung KH. Influence of Monensin and Virginiamycin on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Ammoniated Rice Straw. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1999.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sun SS, Jang K, Kuk K, Myung KH, Choi YJ. The effects of somatotropin passive immunization on milk yield, plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations in rats. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1997.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Choi YJ, Han IK, Woo JH, Lee HJ, Jang K, Myung KH, Kim YS. Compensatory growth in dairy heifers: the effect of a compensatory growth pattern on growth rate and lactation performance. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80:519-24. [PMID: 9098802 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)75965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve the efficiency of growth and lactation performance of dairy heifers fed for a stair-step growth pattern. Twenty-four young Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to either control or test groups. The test group was fed according to a schedule of 3, 2, 4, 2, 5 and 2 mo in which feed intake was alternately 20% below or 25% above requirements. Heifers that were subjected to the stair-step growth pattern gained more body weight and consumed less dry matter, resulting in improved efficiency of growth compared with that of controls (7.8% vs. 8.3%). First estrus, first conception, gestation period, services per conception, and calving difficulty (dystocia) were not affected by stair-step growth. Concentration of growth hormone in blood serum was elevated during feed restriction for the test heifers; however, during refeeding, growth hormone was decreased compared with that in the blood serum of control heifers. Mammary tissues obtained by biopsy from heifers in middle and late pregnancy were used for chemical composition analysis. Stair-step growth increased DNA, RNA, protein, the ratio of RNA to DNA, and the ratio of protein to DNA. Lipid decreased in the mammary tissue of test heifers in late pregnancy (9.5 mo). Heifers in the test group yielded approximately 9% more milk than did heifers in the control group. These results indicate that compensatory growth can contribute to the improvement of growth efficiency and lactation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suweon, Korea
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Sun SS, Myung KH, Spencer GSG. Influence of endogenous somatostatin on lactation in rats. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1996.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Myung KH, Kennelly JJ. Effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid on in sacco ruminal digestibility of aspen sawdust. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1992.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Myung KH. Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1990.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Myung KH, Kennelly JJ. Effect of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of rice straw on in Sacco ruminal digestibility. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1990.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Myung KH, Kennelly JJ. Effect of Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment of Rice Straw on in Sacco Ruminal Digestibility. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1989.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Whelan MA, Myung KH, Bergeron RT. The innominate line. Neuroradiology 1984; 26:119-22. [PMID: 6717789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00339859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution CT scan is used to clearly identify the components of the innominate line. Fourteen patients with abnormal innominate lines are then examined and used to illustrate the three pathological processes affecting the innominate line, namely, destruction, hyperostosis and expansion.
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