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Daniel P, Balušíková K, Václavíková R, Šeborová K, Ransdorfová Š, Valeriánová M, Wei L, Jelínek M, Tlapáková T, Fleischer T, Kristensen VN, Souček P, Ojima I, Kovář J. ABCB1 Amplicon Contains Cyclic AMP Response Element-Driven TRIP6 Gene in Taxane-Resistant MCF-7 Breast Cancer Sublines. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020296. [PMID: 36833223 PMCID: PMC9957548 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited number of studies are devoted to regulating TRIP6 expression in cancer. Hence, we aimed to unveil the regulation of TRIP6 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (with high TRIP6 expression) and taxane-resistant MCF-7 sublines (manifesting even higher TRIP6 expression). We found that TRIP6 transcription is regulated primarily by the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) in hypomethylated proximal promoters in both taxane-sensitive and taxane-resistant MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, in taxane-resistant MCF-7 sublines, TRIP6 co-amplification with the neighboring ABCB1 gene, as witnessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), led to TRIP6 overexpression. Ultimately, we found high TRIP6 mRNA levels in progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer and samples resected from premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Daniel
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Václavíková
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Šeborová
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Ransdorfová
- Department of Cytogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Valeriánová
- Department of Cytogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Longfei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University—State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael Jelínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Tlapáková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pavel Souček
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University—State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-267-102-658
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Fisher AL, Sangkhae V, Balušíková K, Palaskas NJ, Ganz T, Nemeth E. Iron-dependent apoptosis causes embryotoxicity in inflamed and obese pregnancy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4026. [PMID: 34188052 PMCID: PMC8242011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for a healthy pregnancy, and iron supplementation is nearly universally recommended, regardless of maternal iron status. A signal of potential harm is the U-shaped association between maternal ferritin, a marker of iron stores, and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, ferritin is also induced by inflammation and may overestimate iron stores during inflammation or infection. In this study, we use mouse models to determine whether maternal iron loading, inflammation, or their interaction cause poor pregnancy outcomes. Only maternal exposure to both iron excess and inflammation, but not either condition alone, causes embryo malformations and demise. Maternal iron excess potentiates embryo injury during both LPS-induced acute inflammation and obesity-induced chronic mild inflammation. The adverse interaction depends on TNFα signaling, causes apoptosis of placental and embryo endothelium, and is prevented by anti-TNFα or antioxidant treatment. Our findings raise important questions about the safety of indiscriminate iron supplementation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Fisher
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Iron Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veena Sangkhae
- Center for Iron Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolaos J Palaskas
- Center for Iron Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Center for Iron Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Center for Iron Disorders, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Němcová-Fürstová V, Balušíková K, Halada P, Pavlíková N, Šrámek J, Kovář J. Stearate-Induced Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic β-Cells is Associated with Changes in Membrane Protein Expression and These Changes are Inhibited by Oleate. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800104. [PMID: 30666801 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipotoxicity is implicated in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Its molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of this study is to identify new suspect proteins involved in pancreatic β-cell death induction by saturated fatty acids and its inhibition by unsaturated fatty acids. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Employing 2DE analysis and subsequent western blot confirmation, the differences in membrane/membrane-associated protein expression in human β-cell line NES2Y are assessed during cell death induction by stearate and its inhibition by oleate. RESULTS Induction of apoptosis by stearate is associated with significantly increased levels of Hsp90β, peroxiredoxin-1, and 14-3-3γ in the membrane fraction of NES2Y cells and significantly decreased levels of annexin A2, annexin A4, and reticulocalbin-2. All these changes are significantly inhibited by oleate co-application. No expression changes are detected after application of stearate together with oleate. Furthermore, the expression of reticulocalbin-2 is significantly decreased after stearate application also in the whole cell lysate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Several membrane-associated proteins that could be related to pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling initiated by fatty acids in human pancreatic β-cells are identified. As far as we know, annexin A4, reticulocalbin-2, and 14-3-3γ represent novel molecules related to the effect of fatty acids on β-cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nela Pavlíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šrámek
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jelínek M, Balušíková K, Daniel P, Němcová-Fürstová V, Kirubakaran P, Jaček M, Wei L, Wang X, Vondrášek J, Ojima I, Kovář J. Substituents at the C3' and C3'N positions are critical for taxanes to overcome acquired resistance of cancer cells to paclitaxel. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 347:79-91. [PMID: 29625142 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We tested the role of substituents at the C3' and C3'N positions of the taxane molecule to identify taxane derivatives capable of overcoming acquired resistance to paclitaxel. Paclitaxel-resistant sublines SK-BR-3/PacR and MCF-7/PacR as well as the original paclitaxel-sensitive breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 were used for testing. Increased expression of the ABCB1 transporter was found to be involved in the acquired resistance. We tested three groups of taxane derivatives: (1) phenyl group at both C3' and C3'N positions, (2) one phenyl at one of the C3' and C3'N positions and a non-aromatic group at the second position, (3) a non-aromatic group at both C3' and C3'N positions. We found that the presence of phenyl groups at both C3' and C3'N positions is associated with low capability of overcoming acquired paclitaxel resistance compared to taxanes containing at least one non-aromatic substituent at the C3' and C3'N positions. The increase in the ATPase activity of ABCB1 transporter after the application of taxanes from the first group was found to be somewhat higher than after the application of taxanes from the third group. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that the docking score was the lowest, i.e. the highest binding affinity, for taxanes from the first group. It was intermediate for taxanes from the second group, and the highest for taxanes from the third group. We conclude that at least one non-aromatic group at the C3' and C3'N positions of the taxane structure, resulting in reduced affinity to the ABCB1 transporter, brings about high capability of taxane to overcome acquired resistance of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel, due to less efficient transport of the taxane compound out of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jelínek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Daniel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Palani Kirubakaran
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Jaček
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Longfei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Jiří Vondrášek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Němcová-Fürstová V, Kopperová D, Balušíková K, Ehrlichová M, Brynychová V, Václavíková R, Daniel P, Souček P, Kovář J. Characterization of acquired paclitaxel resistance of breast cancer cells and involvement of ABC transporters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:215-228. [PMID: 27664577 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of taxane resistance has become clinically very important issue. The molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance are still unclear. To address this issue, we established paclitaxel-resistant sublines of the SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines that are capable of long-term proliferation in 100nM and 300nM paclitaxel, respectively. Application of these concentrations leads to cell death in the original counterpart cells. Both sublines are cross-resistant to doxorubicin, indicating the presence of the MDR phenotype. Interestingly, resistance in both paclitaxel-resistant sublines is circumvented by the second-generation taxane SB-T-1216. Moreover, we demonstrated that it was not possible to establish sublines of SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells resistant to this taxane. It means that at least the tested breast cancer cells are unable to develop resistance to some taxanes. Employing mRNA expression profiling of all known human ABC transporters and subsequent Western blot analysis of the expression of selected transporters, we demonstrated that only the ABCB1/PgP and ABCC3/MRP3 proteins were up-regulated in both paclitaxel-resistant sublines. We found up-regulation of ABCG2/BCRP and ABCC4 proteins only in paclitaxel-resistant SK-BR-3 cells. In paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7 cells, ABCB4/MDR3 and ABCC2/MRP2 proteins were up-regulated. Silencing of ABCB1 expression using specific siRNA increased significantly, but did not completely restore full sensitivity to both paclitaxel and doxorubicin. Thus we showed a key, but not exclusive, role for ABCB1 in mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance. It suggests the involvement of multiple mechanisms in paclitaxel resistance in tested breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Kopperová
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ehrlichová
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brynychová
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Václavíková
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Daniel
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Souček
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jelínek M, Balušíková K, Schmiedlová M, Němcová-Fürstová V, Šrámek J, Stančíková J, Zanardi I, Ojima I, Kovář J. The role of individual caspases in cell death induction by taxanes in breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:8. [PMID: 25685064 PMCID: PMC4329194 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous study we showed that caspase-2 plays the role of an apical caspase in cell death induction by taxanes in breast cancer cells. This study deals with the role of other caspases. We tested breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3 (functional caspase-3) and MCF-7 (nonfunctional caspase-3). Methods and results Using western blot analysis we demonstrated the activation of initiator caspase-8 and -9 as well as executioner caspase-6 and -7 in both tested cell lines after application of taxanes (paclitaxel, SB-T-1216) at death-inducing concentrations. Caspase-3 activation was also found in SK-BR-3 cells. Employing specific siRNAs after taxane application, suppression of caspase-3 expression significantly increased the number of surviving SK-BR-3 cells. Inhibition of caspase-7 expression also increased the number of surviving SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, suppression of caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression had no significant effect on cell survival. However, caspase-9 seemed to be involved in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7. Caspase-3 and caspase-7 appeared to activate mutually. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (flow cytometric analysis) and cytochrome c release (confocal microscopy, western blot after cell fractionation) from mitochondria in SK-BR-3 cells. No such changes were observed in MCF-7 cells after taxane treatment. Conclusion We conclude that the activation of apical caspase-2 results in the activation of caspase-3 and -7 without the involvement of mitochondria. Caspase-9 can be activated directly via caspase-2 or alternatively after cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Subsequently, caspase-9 activation can also lead to caspase-3 and -7 activations. Caspase-3 and caspase-7 activate mutually. It seems that there is also a parallel pathway involving mitochondria that can cooperate in taxane-induced cell death in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jelínek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Schmiedlová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šrámek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Stančíková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Zanardi
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Pavlíková N, Bartoňová I, Balušíková K, Kopperova D, Halada P, Kovář J. Differentially expressed proteins in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells sensitive and resistant to paclitaxel. Exp Cell Res 2014; 333:1-10. [PMID: 25557873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the main causes of treatment failure. In order to detect proteins potentially involved in the mechanism of resistance to taxanes, we assessed differences in protein expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells that are sensitive to paclitaxel and in the same cells with acquired resistance to paclitaxel (established in our lab). Proteins were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Changes in their expression were determined and proteins with altered expression were identified using mass spectrometry. Changes in their expression were confirmed using western blot analysis. With these techniques, we found three proteins expressed differently in resistant MCF-7 cells, i.e., thyroid hormone-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6; upregulated to 650%), heat shock protein 27 (HSP27; downregulated to 50%) and cathepsin D (downregulated to 28%). Silencing of TRIP6 expression by specific siRNA leads to decreased number of grown resistant MCF-7 cells. In the present study we have pointed at some new directions in the studies of the mechanism of resistance to paclitaxel in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pavlíková
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Bartoňová
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kopperova
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Halada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology,v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jelínek M, Balušíková K, Kopperová D, Nĕmcová-Fürstová V, Šrámek J, Fidlerová J, Zanardi I, Ojima I, Kovář J. Caspase-2 is involved in cell death induction by taxanes in breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:42. [PMID: 23672670 PMCID: PMC3685568 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the role of caspase-2 in apoptosis induction by taxanes (paclitaxel, novel taxane SB-T-1216) in breast cancer cells using SK-BR-3 (nonfunctional p53, functional caspase-3) and MCF-7 (functional p53, nonfunctional caspase-3) cell lines. RESULTS Both taxanes induced apoptosis in SK-BR-3 as well as MCF-7 cells. Caspase-2 activity in SK-BR-3 cells increased approximately 15-fold within 48 h after the application of both taxanes at the death-inducing concentration (100 nM). In MCF-7 cells, caspase-2 activity increased approximately 11-fold within 60 h after the application of taxanes (300 nM). Caspase-2 activation was confirmed by decreasing levels of procaspase-2, increasing levels of cleaved caspase-2 and the cleavage of caspase-2 substrate golgin-160. The inhibition of caspase-2 expression using siRNA increased the number of surviving cells more than 2-fold in MCF-7 cells, and at least 4-fold in SK-BR-3 cells, 96 h after the application of death-inducing concentration of taxanes. The inhibition of caspase-2 expression also resulted in decreased cleavage of initiator caspases (caspase-8, caspase-9) as well as executioner caspases (caspase-3, caspase-7) in both cell lines after the application of taxanes. In control cells, caspase-2 seemed to be mainly localized in the nucleus. After the application of taxanes, it was released from the nucleus to the cytosol, due to the long-term disintegration of the nuclear envelope, in both cell lines. Taxane application led to some formation of PIDDosome complex in both cell lines within 24 h after the application. After taxane application, p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was only induced in MCF-7 cells with functional p53. However, taxane application did not result in a significant increase of PIDD expression in either SK-BR-3 or MCF-7 cells. The inhibition of RAIDD expression using siRNA did not affect the number of surviving SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells after taxane application at all. CONCLUSION Caspase-2 is required, at least partially, for apoptosis induction by taxanes in tested breast cancer cells. We suggest that caspase-2 plays the role of an apical caspase in these cells. Caspase-2 seems to be activated via other mechanism than PIDDosome formation. It follows the release of caspase-2 from the nucleus to the cytosol.
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Němcová-Fürstová V, Balušíková K, Srámek J, James RF, Kovář J. Caspase-2 and JNK activated by saturated fatty acids are not involved in apoptosis induction but modulate ER stress in human pancreatic β-cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2013; 31:277-89. [PMID: 23466956 DOI: 10.1159/000343367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid-induced apoptosis and ER stress of pancreatic β-cells contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, however, the molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. AIMS In this study we have tested the role of caspase-2 and suggested ER stress mediator JNK in saturated fatty acid-induced apoptosis of the human pancreatic β-cells NES2Y. RESULTS We found that stearic acid at apoptosis-inducing concentration activated ER stress signaling pathways, i.e. IRE1α, PERK and ATF6 pathways, in NES2Y cells. During stearic acid-induced apoptosis, JNK inhibition did not decrease the rate of apoptosis nor the activation of caspase-8, -9, -7 and -2 and PARP cleavage. In addition, inhibition of JNK activity did not affect CHOP expression although it did decrease the induction of BiP expression after stearic acid treatment. Caspase-2 silencing had no effect on PARP as well as caspase-8, -9 and -7 cleavage and the induction of CHOP expression, however, it also decreased the induction of BiP expression. Surprisingly, caspase-2 silencing was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of c-Jun. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that caspase-2 as well as JNK are not key players in apoptosis induction by saturated fatty acids in human pancreatic β-cells NES2Y. However, they appear to be involved in the modulation of saturated fatty acid-induced ER stress signaling, probably by a mechanism independent of c-Jun phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlasta Němcová-Fürstová
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology & Center for Research of Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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