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Shivaprakash P, Beeraka NM, Madhunapantula SRV, Nikolenko VN, Basalingappa KM. Metformin Effects on SHIP2, AMPKs and Gut Microbiota: Recent Updates on Pharmacology. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:CMC-EPUB-138677. [PMID: 38409699 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673289342240213040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin, a biguanide on the WHO's list of essential medicines has a long history of 50 years or more in treating hyperglycemia, and its therapeutic saga continues beyond diabetes treatment. Glucoregulatory actions are central to the physiological effects of metformin; surprisingly, the precise mechanism with which metformin regulates glucose metabolism is not thoroughly understood yet. METHOD The main aim of this review is to explore the recent implications of metformin in hepatic gluconeogenesis, AMPKs, and SHIP2 and subsequently to elucidate the metformin action across intestine and gut microbiota. We have searched PubMed, google scholar, Medline, eMedicine, National Library of Medicine (NLM), clinicaltrials.gov (registry), and ReleMed for the implications of metformin with its updated role in AMPKs, SHIP2, and hepatic gluoconeogenesis, and gut microbiota. In this review, we have described the efficacy of metformin as a drug repurposing strategy in modulating the role of AMPKs and lysosomal-AMPKs, and controversies associated with metformin. RESULT Research suggests that biguanide exhibits hormetic effects depending on the concentrations used (micromolar to millimolar). The primary mechanism attributed to metformin action is the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, and subsequent reduction of cellular energy state, as observed with increased AMP or ADP ratio, thereby metformin can also activate the cellular energy sensor AMPK to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, new mechanistic models have been proposed lately to explain the pleiotropic actions of metformin; at low doses, metformin can activate lysosomal-AMPK via the AXIN-LKB1 pathway. Conversely, in an AMPK-independent mechanism, metformin-induced elevation of AMP suppresses adenylate cyclase and glucagon-activated cAMP production to inhibit hepatic glucose output by glucagon. Metformin inhibits mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase; mGPDH, and increases the cytosolic NADH/NAD+, affecting the availability of lactate and glycerol for gluconeogenesis. Metformin can inhibit Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2; SHIP2 to increase the insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. CONCLUSION In addition, new exciting mechanisms suggest the role of metformin in promoting beneficial gut microbiome and gut health; metformin regulates duodenal AMPK activation, incretin hormone secretion, and bile acid homeostasis to improve intestinal glucose absorption and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shivaprakash
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Subba Rao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR) Laboratory (DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kanthesh M Basalingappa
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Bhumika S, Basalingappa KM, Gopenath TS, Basavaraju S. Glycine encephalopathy. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 2022; 58:132. [PMCID: PMC9672649 DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited neurotransmitter diseases are a subset of rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by hereditary deficiencies in neurotransmitter metabolism or transport. Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (NKH), called glycine encephalopathy, is an autosomal recessive glycine metabolism disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of glycine in all bodily tissues, including the CNS. The SLC6A9 gene, which codes for the GLYT1 protein, a biochemical abnormality in the GCS, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase enzymes, which function as a GCS component, are responsible for the neonatal form’s symptoms, which include progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, seizures, and occasionally mortality in the first few days of life. By changing the MAPK signalling pathways, glycine deprivation in the brain damages neurons by increasing NMDA receptor activation, increasing intracellular Ca levels, and leading to DNA breakage and cell death in the neuron region. In addition to the previously mentioned clinical diagnosis, NKH or GE would be determined by MLPA and 13C glycine breath tests. Pediatricians, surgeons, neurologists, and geneticists treat NKH and GE at the newborn period; there is no cure for either condition.
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Singh PG, Gopenath TS, Basalingappa KM, Mn RB, Ilangovan R. Understanding the Role of NRF2 Signalling in Cancer. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:672-683. [PMID: 36111757 DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220914120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE 2) - related factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) is one of the transcription factors predominantly related to the expression of antioxidant genes. NRF2 plays a pivotal role in controlling redox potential in several tumor characteristics, including cancer cell metabolism, stem-cell-like characteristics, tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis. Further, it was recently discovered that the noncanonical pathway of NRF2 activation was involved in carcinogenesis. Cancerrelated changes (e.g., metabolic flexibility) that support cancer progression were found to be redox and NRF2 dependent. The pro or antineoplastic effects of NRF2 are essentially based on the specific molecular characteristics of the type of cancer. Therefore, systematic investigation of NRF2 signaling is necessary to clarify its role in cancer etiology. Understanding the role of NRF2 in triggering gene expressions in different types of cancer is quite challenging, which might be useful to target those genes for better clinical outcomes. To decipher the role of NRF2 in tumor formation and progression, largescale genomic and transcriptomic studies are required to correlate the clinical outcomes with the activity of the NRF2 expression system. This review attempts to give insights into the understanding of the role of NRF2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja G Singh
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - T S Gopenath
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Kanthesh M Basalingappa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ramesh Bharadwaj Mn
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - R Ilangovan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Venkatachalapathy D, Shivamallu C, Prasad SK, Thangaraj Saradha G, Rudrapathy P, Amachawadi RG, Patil SS, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Bahkali AH, Kollur SP, Basalingappa KM. Assessment of Chemopreventive Potential of the Plant Extracts against Liver Cancer Using HepG2 Cell Line. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154593. [PMID: 34361745 PMCID: PMC8348645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible parts of the plants Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera and Withania somnifera were extensively used in ancient practices such as Ayurveda, owing to their potent biomedical significance. They are very rich in secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, which are very good antioxidants and exhibit anti-carcinogenic properties. This study aims to evaluate the anti-cancerous properties of these plant crude extracts on human liver cancer HepG2 cells. The leaves of Camellia sinensis, Withania somnifera and the seeds of Vitis vinifera were collected and methanolic extracts were prepared. Then, these extracts were subjected to DPPH, α- amylase assays to determine the antioxidant properties. A MTT assay was performed to investigate the viability of the extracts of HepG2 cells, and the mode of cell death was detected by Ao/EtBr staining and flow cytometry with PI Annexin- V FITC dual staining. Then, the protein expression of BAX and BCl2 was studied using fluorescent dye to determine the regulation of the BAX and BCl2 genes. We observed that all the three extracts showed the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols or phytochemicals. The W. somnifera bioactive compounds were found to have the highest anti-proliferative activity on human liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Venkatachalapathy
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570105, India; (S.K.P.); (G.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.P.K.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Shashanka K. Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570105, India; (S.K.P.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Gopenath Thangaraj Saradha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570105, India; (S.K.P.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Parthiban Rudrapathy
- Malabar Cancer Centre, Department of Clinical Laboratory Services & Translational Research, Thalassery, Kannur 670103, India;
| | - Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5606, USA;
| | - Sharanagouda S. Patil
- ICAR, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India;
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.M.E.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.M.E.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.M.E.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Shiva Prasad Kollur
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru 570026, India
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.P.K.); (K.M.B.)
| | - Kanthesh M. Basalingappa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (S.P.K.); (K.M.B.)
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Nayakwadi S, Ramu R, Kumar Sharma A, Kumar Gupta V, Rajukumar K, Kumar V, Shirahatti PS, L. R, Basalingappa KM. Toxicopathological studies on the effects of T-2 mycotoxin and their interaction in juvenile goats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229463. [PMID: 32214355 PMCID: PMC7098593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and feeds contaminated with mycotoxins have been a threat to the rearing industry by causing some of the most fatal toxic reactions not only in the farm animals but also in humans who consume them. Toxicity to juvenile goats was induced by feed contamination with T-2 toxin (at 10 and 20 ppm dosage; group I and II, respectively). The toxicity impact was assessed on days 15 and 30 post treatment with respect to growth performance, oxidative stress, apoptotic studies and detailed pathomorphology. The study revealed that apart from the obvious clinical toxicosis (weakness, lethargy, and retardation in growth), the toxin fed groups also exhibited significant haematological (reduced hemoglobin, total leukocyte and thrombocyte counts) and biochemical changes (increased levels of oxidative stress markers with concomitant decrease in levels of serum and tissue catalase and superoxide dismutase). The pathomorphological and histological alterations suggested that the liver and intestine were the most affected organs. Ultra-structurally, varying degrees of degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolations and pleomorphic mitochondria were observed in the hepatocytes and the enterocytes of the intestine. Kidney also revealed extensive degeneration of the cytoplasmic organelles with similar condensation of the heterochromatin whereas the neuronal degeneration was characterized by circular, whirling structures. In addition, the central vein and portal triad of the hepatocytes, cryptic epithelial cells of the intestine, MLNs in the lymphoid follicles, PCT and DCT of the nephronal tissues and the white pulp of the spleen exhibited extensive apoptosis. In this study, it was also observed that the expression of HSPs, pro-apoptotic proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated in response to the toxin treatment. These results suggest that the pathogenesis of T-2 toxicosis in goats employs oxidative, apoptotic and inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivasharanappa Nayakwadi
- Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, Mathura, India
- Animal Science Section, ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Goa, India
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Ramith Ramu
- Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Water & Health Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Mysuru, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, Mathura, India
- Division of Pathology, Mycotic and Mycotoxic Diseases Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | | | - K. Rajukumar
- ICAR–National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, Mathura, India
| | | | - Rashmi L.
- Karnataka Veterinary Animal Fisheries University, Bidar, Karnataka, India
| | - Kanthesh M. Basalingappa
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Water & Health Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Mysuru, India
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R AS, S S, N R, TS G, Karthikeyan M, Gnanasekaran A, GK C, Basalingappa KM. Solanum tuberosum L: Botanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Nutritional Significance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5138/09750185.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
<p>Solanum tuberosum commonly known as potato belongs to solanaceae family. The whole part of potato plant including leaves; tuber, peel and juice are used in traditional medicine. A number of pharmacological activities of potato have been reported viz. Antioxidant, anticancer, antiallergy, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anti-ulcer activity. Potato contains Phenolic acids, anthocyanin, flavonoids, vitamin B6, vitamin B3, pantothenic acid, potassium, manganese, phosphorous; copper and fibres. The medicinal properties, traditional uses, nutritional value, phytochemical constituents, taxonomy, geographic origin and distribution have been mentioned in this present review to provide collective data for multipurpose benefits.</p><p> </p>
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Venkatesh V, Nataraj R, Thangaraj GS, Karthikeyan M, Gnanasekaran A, Kaginelli SB, Kuppanna G, Kallappa CG, Basalingappa KM. Targeting Notch signalling pathway of cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:5. [PMID: 29682512 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been defined as cells within tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. CSCs have been increasingly identified in blood cancer, prostate, ovarian, lung, melanoma, pancreatic, colon, brain and many more malignancies. CSCs have slow growth rate and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy that lead to the failure of traditional current therapy. Eradicating the CSCs and recurrence, is promising aspect for the cure of cancer. The CSCs like any other stem cells activate the signal transduction pathways that involve the development and tissue homeostasis, which include Notch signaling pathway. The new treatment targets these pathway that control stem-cell replication, survival and differentiation that are under development. Notch inhibitors either single or in combination with chemotherapy drugs have been developed to treat cancer and its recurrence. This approach of targeting signaling pathway of CSCs represents a promising future direction for the therapeutic strategy to cure cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Venkatesh
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Mysuru, India
| | - Raghu Nataraj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Mysuru, India
| | - Gopenath S Thangaraj
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Mysuru, India
| | - Murugesan Karthikeyan
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Gnanasekaran
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shanmukhappa B Kaginelli
- Division of Medical Physics, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Mysuru, India
| | - Gobianand Kuppanna
- Department of Microbiology, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode. Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kanthesh M Basalingappa
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Mysuru, India
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Basalingappa KM, Mehta M, Griffith JN, Muralidharan R, Gorospe M, Ramesh R, Munshi A. Abstract 3943: siRNA-mediated HuR silencing sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to radiation therapy. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
HuR is a ubiquitously expressed member of the Elav/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins which can associate with mRNAs containing AU-rich elements in their 3′-untranslated regions. It is predominantly a nuclear protein that translocates to the cytoplasm in response to stress signals and stabilizes mRNAs encoding proteins implicated in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and stress response. Studies examining HuR expression in human cancers indicated that elevated cytoplasmic HuR expression is associated with a high histologic grade, large tumor size, and poor survival of patients with cancer, leading to the hypothesis that cytoplasmic HuR abundance could be a prognostic marker in cancer patients. It has been reported that altering the subcellular distribution of HuR leads to a decrease in mRNA stability and increases tamoxifen responsiveness in breast cancer cells. As the role of HuR in radiation resistance has not been previously evaluated, we designed this study to determine the role of HuR in mediating radiation response of human breast cancer cells. Subcellular fractionation studies in a panel of breast cancer cells [triple negative (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and Hs578t), luminal (MCF-7), and normal mammary epithelial (MCF-10a)] demonstrated elevated cytoplasmic levels of HuR in the more aggressive triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) compared to the normal mammary and the luminal cells. TNBCs also had high expression of HuR mRNA and total protein as observed by quantitative (Q) RT-PCR and western blot analysis. To test if high expression of HuR contributed to the radiation resistance of TNBCs, HuR was silenced and cells were exposed to various doses of radiation. Clonogenic assays indicated that silencing HuR enhanced tumor cell radiosensitivity in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and Hs578t cells, with the survival fraction at 2Gy declining from 59%, 49%, 65% in control (scrambled siRNA-transfected cells) to 40%, 33%, 46% in HuR-silenced cells, respectively. MCF-7 and MCF-10a cells were not radiosensitized upon HuR silencing. Since HuR plays a central role in cancer it is possible that multiple pathways and mechanisms are affected by HuR knockdown and could contribute to the observed radiosensitivity. Molecular studies suggested that HuR silencing in combination with radiation modulated the expression of several genes involved in cell survival, cell cycle and DNA repair in MDA-MB-231 cells. The involvement of the DNA repair pathway following treatment with siHuR was assessed using γ-H2AX foci as a marker. Our results show that a higher number of radiation-induced γ-H2AX foci are present in HuR-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells compared with control cells, suggesting a suppression of the double-strand DNA repair pathway. The persistence of γ-H2AX foci was not seen in the MCF-7 cells. We propose that HuR knockdown enhances the radioresponse of TNBC cells by inhibiting the repair of radiation-induced double-strand DNA breaks.
Citation Format: Kanthesh M. Basalingappa, Meghna Mehta, James N. Griffith, Ranganayaki Muralidharan, Myriam Gorospe, Rajagopal Ramesh, Anupama Munshi. siRNA-mediated HuR silencing sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to radiation therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3943. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3943
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghna Mehta
- 1The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - James N. Griffith
- 1The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Myriam Gorospe
- 2Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- 1The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Anupama Munshi
- 1The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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Ali N, Allam H, Bader T, May R, Basalingappa KM, Berry WL, Chandrakesan P, Qu D, Weygant N, Bronze MS, Umar S, Janknecht R, Sureban SM, Huycke M, Houchen CW. Fluvastatin interferes with hepatitis C virus replication via microtubule bundling and a doublecortin-like kinase-mediated mechanism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80304. [PMID: 24260365 PMCID: PMC3833963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced alterations in lipid metabolism and cellular protein expression contribute to viral pathogenesis. The mechanism of pleiotropic actions of cholesterol-lowering drugs, statins, against HCV and multiple cancers are not well understood. We investigated effects of fluvastatin (FLV) on microtubule-associated and cancer stem cell marker (CSC), doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) during HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. HCV replication models, cancer cell lines and normal human hepatocytes were used to investigate the antiviral and antitumor effects of statins. FLV treatment resulted in induction of microtubule bundling, cell-cycle arrest and alterations in cellular DCLK1 distribution in HCV-expressing hepatoma cells. These events adversely affected the survival of liver-derived tumor cells without affecting normal human hepatocytes. FLV downregulated HCV replication in cell culture where the ATP pool and cell viability were not compromised. Pravastatin did not exhibit these effects on HCV replication, microtubules and cancer cells. The levels of miR-122 that regulates liver homeostasis and provides HCV genomic stability remained at steady state whereas DCLK1 mRNA levels were considerably reduced during FLV treatment. We further demonstrated that HCV replication was increased with DCLK1 overexpression. In conclusion, unique effects of FLV on microtubules and their binding partner DCLK1 are likely to contribute to its anti-HCV and antitumor activities in addition to its known inhibitory effects on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase (HMGCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NA); (CWH)
| | - Heba Allam
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Ted Bader
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Randal May
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kanthesh M. Basalingappa
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - William L. Berry
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Parthasarathy Chandrakesan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Bronze
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Sripathi M. Sureban
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Mark Huycke
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Courtney W. Houchen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NA); (CWH)
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Basalingappa KM, Rajendran VM, Wonderlin WF. Characteristics of Kcnn4 channels in the apical membranes of an intestinal epithelial cell line. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G905-11. [PMID: 21868633 PMCID: PMC3220323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00558.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate-conductance K(+) (Kcnn4) channels in the apical and basolateral membranes of epithelial cells play important roles in agonist-induced fluid secretion in intestine and colon. Basolateral Kcnn4 channels have been well characterized in situ using patch-clamp methods, but the investigation of Kcnn4 channels in apical membranes in situ has been hampered by a layer of mucus that prevents seal formation. In the present study, we used patch-clamp methods to characterize Kcnn4 channels in the apical membrane of IEC-18 cells, a cell line derived from rat small intestine. A monolayer of IEC-18 cells grown on a permeable support is devoid of mucus, and tight junctions enable selective access to the apical membrane. In inside-out patches, Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels observed with iberiotoxin (a Kcnma1/large-conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel blocker) and apamin (a Kcnn1-3/small-conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel blocker) present in the pipette solution exhibited a single-channel conductance of 31 pS with inward rectification. The currents were reversibly blocked by TRAM-34 (a Kcnn4 blocker) with an IC(50) of 8.7 ± 2.0 μM. The channels were not observed when charybdotoxin, a peptide inhibitor of Kcnn4 channels, was added to the pipette solution. TRAM-34 was less potent in inhibiting Kcnn4 channels in patches from apical membranes than in patches from basolateral membranes, which was consistent with a preferential expression of Kcnn4c and Kcnn4b isoforms in apical and basolateral membranes, respectively. The expression of both isoforms in IEC-18 cells was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. This is the first characterization of Kcnn4 channels in the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vazhaikkurichi M. Rajendran
- Departments of 1Biochemistry and ,2Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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