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Chin K, Leung ST, Leung KW, Kan WK. Management of Type II Endoleaks by Embolisation after Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Retrospective Review of Patient Data. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Chin
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - ST Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - KW Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - WK Kan
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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Lam STS, To CH, Leung KW, Yip SP, Lo IFM, Tsang KP. Lessons learnt from a genetic disease registry in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:226-228. [PMID: 34168092 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S T S Lam
- Department of Clinical Genetics Service, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C H To
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - K W Leung
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - S P Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - I F M Lo
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
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Tse JCH, Lee TF, Lai BMH, Luk SY, Leung KW, Wong WC. Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy: A Rare Type of Cerebral Vascular Malformation. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1816833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lai YTA, Chu CY, Sung HT, Tang CW, Leung KW, Lo SWS, Khoo LSJ. Endovascular Therapy for Cerebral Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1715387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee TF, Chu CY, Sung HT, Leung ST, Leung KW, Kan WK. Reduction in Lens Dose in Temporal Bone Computed Tomography by Modification of Scanning Plane. Hong Kong J Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Ginseng, a key ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, shows great promise as a new treatment option. As listed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as a complementary and alternative medicine, its anti-cancer functions are being increasingly recognized. This review covers the mechanisms of action of ginsenosides and their metabolites, which can modulate signaling pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, metastasis, and stem/progenitor-like properties of cancer cells. The emerging use of structurally modified ginsenosides and recent clinical studies on the use of ginseng either alone or in combination with other herbs or Western medicines which are exploited as novel therapeutic strategies will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S T Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Fok EWS, Poon WL, Tse KS, Lau HY, Chan CH, Pan NY, Cho HY, Yeung TW, Wong YC, Leung KW, Khoo JLS, Tang KW. Angiographic factors associated with haemorrhagic presentation of brain arteriovenous malformation in a Chinese paediatric population. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 21:401-6. [PMID: 26234688 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj144339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify specific angiographic factors associated with haemorrhagic presentation of brain arteriovenous malformation in Chinese paediatric patients. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Four locoregional tertiary neurosurgical centres in Hong Kong: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Tuen Mun Hospital, Kwong Wah Hospital, and Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital. PATIENTS Patients aged 18 years or younger who underwent pretreatment digital subtraction angiography for brain arteriovenous malformation between 1 January 2005 and 31 July 2013 were included. Patients were divided into haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic groups based on the initial presentation. Pretreatment digital subtraction angiographies were independently reviewed by two experienced neuroradiologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The following parameters were evaluated for their association with haemorrhagic presentation by univariate and multivariate analyses: nidus location, nidus size, nidus morphology (diffuse or compact); origin and number of arterial feeders; venous drainage; number of draining veins; presence of aneurysms, venous varices, and venous stenosis. RESULTS A total of 67 children and adolescents (28 male, 39 female) with a mean age of 12 years were included. Of them, 52 (78%) presented with haemorrhage. Arteriovenous malformation size (P=0.004) and morphology (P=0.05) were found to be associated with haemorrhagic presentation by univariate analysis. Small arteriovenous malformation nidus size and diffuse nidal morphology were identified as independent risk factors for haemorrhage by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Smaller arteriovenous malformation size and diffuse nidal morphology are angiographic factors independently associated with haemorrhagic presentation. Bleeding risk is important in determining the therapeutic approach (aggressive vs conservative) and timeframe, particularly in paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine W S Fok
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - W L Poon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - K S Tse
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - H Y Lau
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - C H Chan
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - N Y Pan
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong (currently at Department of Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong)
| | - H Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - T W Yeung
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - K W Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Jennifer L S Khoo
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - K W Tang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
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Leung ST, Sung THT, Wan AYH, Leung KW, Kan WK. Endovascular stenting in the management of malignant superior vena cava obstruction: comparing safety, effectiveness, and outcomes between primary stenting and salvage stenting. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 21:426-34. [PMID: 26139689 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj144363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the safety, effectiveness, and outcomes of primary stenting and salvage stenting for malignant superior vena cava obstruction. DESIGN Case series with internal comparison. SETTING Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS A total of 56 patients with malignant superior vena cava obstruction underwent 59 stentings from 1 May 1999 to 31 January 2014. Patients' characteristics, procedural details, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 56 patients, 33 had primary stenting before conventional therapy and 23 had salvage stenting after failure of conventional therapy. Statistical analyses were made by Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Primary lung carcinoma was the most common cause of malignant superior vena cava obstruction (primary stenting, 22 patients; salvage stenting, 16 patients; P=0.768), followed by metastatic lymphadenopathy. Most patients had superior vena cava obstruction only (primary stenting, 16 patients; salvage stenting, 15 patients; P=0.633), followed by additional right brachiocephalic vein involvement. Wallstents (Boston Scientific, Natick [MA], US) were used in all patients. Technical success was achieved in all but two patients, one in each group (P=1.000). Only one stent placement was required in most patients (primary stenting, 28 patients; salvage stenting, 20 patients; P=0.726). Procedure time was comparable in both groups (mean time: primary stenting, 89 minutes; salvage stenting, 84 minutes; P=0.526). Symptomatic relief was achieved in most patients (primary stenting, 32 patients; salvage stenting, 23 patients; P=0.639). In-stent restenosis and bleeding were the commonest complications (primary stenting, 6 and 1 patients, respectively; salvage stenting, 2 and 2 patients, respectively). Nine patients required further treatment for symptom recurrence (primary stenting, 6 patients; salvage stenting, 3 patients; P=0.725). CONCLUSION Endovascular stenting is safe and effective for relieving malignant superior vena cava obstruction. No statistically significant differences in number of stents, success rates, procedure times, symptom relief rates, complication rates, and re-procedure rates were found between primary stenting and salvage stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Tony H T Sung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Alvin Y H Wan
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - K W Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - W K Kan
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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Luk YS, Fung KH, Leung KW. Insertion of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Prior to Removal of Prolonged Indwelling Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Catheters. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1414241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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10
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Lee BKH, Chu CY, Leung KW, Khoo JLS. Haemorrhagic Complication of Mandibular Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Controlled by Endovascular Embolisation. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1414232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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11
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Leung KW, Chan KW, Lo SSW. X-Ray Quiz: An Old Lady with Coffee Ground Vomiting and Decreased General Condition. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791101800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Leung KW. CT Scan Quiz: A Young Lady with Headache and Confusion. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791001700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Leung KW, Cheung LWT, Pon YL, Wong RNS, Mak NK, Fan TPD, Au SCL, Tombran-Tink J, Wong AST. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits tube-like structure formation of endothelial cells by regulating pigment epithelium-derived factor through the oestrogen beta receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:207-15. [PMID: 17603552 PMCID: PMC1978254 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiogenesis is a crucial step in tumour growth and metastasis. Ginsenoside-Rb1 (Rb1), the major active constituent of ginseng, potently inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that the potent anti-angiogenic protein, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), is involved in regulating the anti-angiogenic effects of Rb1. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Rb1-induced PEDF was determined by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The anti-angiogenic effects of Rb1 were demonstrated using endothelial cell tube formation assay. Competitive ligand-binding and reporter gene assays were employed to indicate the interaction between Rb1 and the oestrogen receptor (ER). KEY RESULTS Rb1 significantly increased the transcription, protein expression and secretion of PEDF. Targeted inhibition of PEDF completely prevented Rb1-induced inhibition of endothelial tube formation, suggesting that the anti-angiogenic effect of Rb1 was PEDF specific. Interestingly, the activation of PEDF occurred via a genomic pathway of ERbeta. Competitive ligand-binding assays indicated that Rb1 is a specific agonist of ERbeta, but not ERalpha. Rb1 effectively recruited transcriptional activators and activated an oestrogen-responsive reporter gene. Furthermore, Rb1-mediated PEDF activation and the subsequent inhibition of tube formation were blocked by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 or transfection of ERbeta siRNA, indicating ERbeta dependence. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Here we show for the first time that the Rb1 suppressed the formation of endothelial tube-like structures through modulation of PEDF via ERbeta. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of the action of this ginsenoside that may have value in anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Leung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - L W T Cheung
- Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Y L Pon
- Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - R N S Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - N K Mak
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - T-PD Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Angiogenesis and TCM Laboratory, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - S C L Au
- Department of Physiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - J Tombran-Tink
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A S T Wong
- Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
- Author for correspondence:
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Leung KW, Yung KKL, Mak NK, Yue PYK, Luo HB, Cheng YK, Fan TPD, Yeung HW, Ng TB, Wong RNS. Angiomodulatory and Neurological Effects of Ginsenosides. Curr Med Chem 2007; 14:1371-80. [PMID: 17504218 DOI: 10.2174/092986707780597916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, one of the most popular and valued herbs, has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. More than thirty ginsenosides, the pharmacologically active ingredients in ginseng, have been identified with various sugar moieties attached at the C-3, C-6 and C-20 positions of the steroidal skeleton. We herein review the current literature on the pharmacological effects of ginsenosides on the modulation of angiogenesis, dysregulations of which contribute towards many pathological conditions. Regarding the adaptogenic property of ginseng, the effects of ginsenosides on central nervous system are also discussed. Recent researches have pointed to the steroid hormone receptors as the target molecules to elicit the diverse cellular and physiological activities of ginseng. We believe that understanding the interaction between ginsenosides and various steroid hormone receptors may provide clues to unravel the secret of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Leung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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15
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Leung KW, Yung KKL, Mak NK, Chan YS, Fan TP, Wong RNS. Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 in primary nigral neurons against rotenone toxicity. Neuropharmacology 2006; 52:827-35. [PMID: 17123556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 09/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside-Rg1, the pharmacologically active component isolated from ginseng, demonstrated neuroprotective effects on primary cultured rat nigral neurons against rotenone toxicity. Rotenone, a common household pesticide known for its specific and irreversible mitochondria complex I inhibition, has been suggested to be the causal agent of Parkinson's disease (PD) by inducing degeneration of cells in the substantial nigra. The present study demonstrated that co-treatment of rotenone and Rg1 could reduce rotenone-induced cell death by 58% (SEM=+/-5.60; N=3). Rotenone-induced mitochondria membrane potential (MMP, DeltaPsim) depletion was restored and elevated by at least 38% (SEM=+/-2.15; N=3) by Rg1. In addition, Rg1 prevented cytochrome c release from the mitochrondrial membrane and increased the phosphorylation inhibition of the pro-apoptotic protein Bad through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. The protective effects of Rg1 was blocked by glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486, indicating that the action of Rg1 is mediated through glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In conclusion, Rg1 inhibits the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and increases the survival chance of the primary cultured nigral neurons against rotenone toxicity. Thus, Rg1 and its related compounds may be developed as protective agents against neurodegenerative diseases induced by mitochondrial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Leung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Dong TTX, Zhao KJ, Huang WZ, Leung KW, Tsim KWK. Orthogonal array design in optimizing the extraction efficiency of active constituents from roots of Panax notoginseng. Phytother Res 2006; 19:684-8. [PMID: 16177971 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The root of Panax notoginseng (Radix Notoginseng, Sanqi) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly cultivated in Wenshan of Yunnan China. The identified active constituents in Radix Notoginseng include saponin, ssavonoid and polysaccharide; however, the levels of these active constituents vary greatly with different extraction processes. This variation causes a serious problem in standardizing the herbal extract. By using HPLC and spectrophotometry, the contents of notoginsenoside R(1), ginsenoside R(g1), R(b1), R(d), and ssavonoids were determined in the extracts of Radix Notoginseng that were derived from different processes of extraction according to an orthogonal array experimental design having three variable parameters: nature of extraction solvent, extraction volume and extraction time. The nature of extraction solvent and extraction volume were two distinct factors in obtaining those active constituents, while the time of extraction was a subordinate factor. The optimized condition of extraction therefore is considered to be 20 volumes of water and extracted for 24 h. In good agreement with the amount of active constituents, the activity of anti-platelet aggregation was found to be the highest in the extract that contained a better yield of the active constituents. The current results provide an optimized extraction method for the quality control of Radix Notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T X Dong
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Teng JLL, Woo PCY, Leung KW, Lau SKP, Wong MKM, Yuen KY. Pseudobacteraemia in a patient with neutropenic fever caused by a novel paenibacillus species: Paenibacillus hongkongensis sp. nov. Mol Pathol 2003; 56:29-35. [PMID: 12560460 PMCID: PMC1187286 DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterise a strain of Gram negative aerobic straight or slightly curved rods (HKU3) isolated from the blood culture of a 9 year old Chinese boy with neutropenic fever and pseudobacteraemia. METHODS The isolate was phenotypically investigated by standard biochemical methods using conventional biochemical tests, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Genotypically, the 16S rRNA gene of the bacterium was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The sequence of the PCR product was compared with known 16S rRNA gene sequences in the Genbank by multiple sequence alignment. The G + C content was determined by thermal denaturation. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by the PileUp method. RESULTS The cells of the bacterial strain were aerobic, sporulating, Gram negative straight or slight curved rods. The bacterium grew on horse blood agar as non-haemolytic, grey colonies of 1 mm in diameter after 24 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C in ambient air. No enhancement of growth was seen in 5% CO(2). It grew at 50 degrees C as pinpoint colonies after 72 hours of incubation, but did not grow at 65 degrees C or on MacConkey agar. It was non-motile. It produced catalase (weakly positive) and cytochrome oxidase. It reduced nitrate, produced beta galactosidase, hydrolysed esculin, and utilised sodium acetate. A scanning electron micrograph of the bacterium showed straight or slightly curved rods. A transmission electron micrograph of the cell wall of the bacterium revealed multiple electron dense layers, including the outer membrane, middle murein layer, and inner cytoplasmic membrane, compatible with its Gram smear appearance. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there were 7.7%, 8.0%, 8.2%, and 8.6% differences between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the bacterium and those of Paenibacillus macerans, Paenibacillus borealis, Bacillus ehimensis, and Paenibacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The mean (SD) G + C content of the bacterium was 47.6 (2.1) mol%. Phylogenetically, it belongs to the genus paenibacillus (previously called group 3 bacillus). CONCLUSIONS A bacterium that exhibited phenotypic and genotypic characteristics that are very different from closely related members of paenibacillus was the cause of pseudobacteraemia in a patient with neutropenic fever. A new species, Paenibacillus hongkongensis sp. nov. is proposed, for which HKU3 is the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Teng JLL, Leung KW, Yuen KY. Identification by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of Arcobacter butzleri bacteraemia in a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis. Mol Pathol 2002; 55:182-5. [PMID: 12032229 PMCID: PMC1187171 DOI: 10.1136/mp.55.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify a strain of Gram negative facultative anaerobic curved bacillus, concomitantly isolated with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus milleri, from the blood culture of a 69 year old woman with acute gangrenous appendicitis. The literature on arcobacter bacteraemia and arcobacter infections associated with appendicitis was reviewed. METHODS The isolate was phenotypically investigated by standard biochemical methods using conventional biochemical tests. Genotypically, the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of the bacterium was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The sequence of the PCR product was compared with known 16S rRNA gene sequences in the GenBank by multiple sequence alignment. Literature review was performed by MEDLINE search (1966-2000). RESULTS The bacterium grew on blood agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar to sizes of 1 mm in diameter after 24 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2. It grew at 15 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 37 degrees C; it also grew in a microaerophilic environment, and was cytochrome oxidase positive and motile, typically a member of the genus arcobacter. Furthermore, phenotypic testing showed that the biochemical profile of the isolate did not fit into the pattern of any of the known arcobacter species. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed one to two base differences between the isolate and A butzleri, but 35 to 39 base differences between the isolate and A cryaerophilus, indicating that the isolate was a strain of A butzleri. Only three cases of arcobacter bacteraemia with detailed clinical characteristics were found in the English literature. The sources of the arcobacter species in the three cases were largely unknown, although the gastrointestinal tract is probably the portal of entry of the A butzleri isolated from the present case because the two concomitant isolates (E coli and S milleri) in the blood culture were common flora of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, A butzleri has previously been isolated from the abdominal contents or peritoneal fluid of three patients with acute appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS 16S rRNA gene sequencing was useful in the identification of the strain of A butzleri isolated from the blood culture of a patient with acute gangrenous appendicitis. Arcobacter bacteraemia is rare. Further studies using selective medium for the delineation of the association between A butzleri and acute appendicitis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Leung KW, Yuen KY. Emergence of cotrimoxazole- and quinolone-resistant Campylobacter infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 21:127-9. [PMID: 11939393 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-001-0673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and microbiological data were collected prospectively from 704 patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) during an 11-year period (1991-2001), and the first two cases of Campylobacter infection occurring in BMT recipients in the pre-engraftment period were identified. The two cases occurred on days 2 and 3 post-BMT, respectively. Both patients had Campylobacter jejuni enteritis, and one case was complicated by bacteraemia. In both cases the presenting symptoms were indistinguishable from hospital-acquired pre-engraftment diarrhoea, which is commonly caused by Clostridium difficile. Both of the Campylobacter jejuni isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Both patients responded to intravenous meropenem and subsequently had uneventful marrow engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital
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Leung KW, Liaw YC, Chan SC, Lo HY, Musayev FN, Chen JZ, Fang HJ, Chen HM. Significance of local electrostatic interactions in staphylococcal nuclease studied by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:46039-45. [PMID: 11598114 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106620200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we show that amino acids Glu(73) and Asp(77) of staphylococcal nuclease cooperate unequally with Glu(75) to stabilize its structure located between the C-terminal helix and beta-barrel of the protein. Amino acid substitutions E73G and D77G cause losses of the catalytic efficiency of 24 and 16% and cause thermal stability losses of 22 and 26%, respectively, in comparison with the wild type (WT) protein. However, these changes do not significantly change global and local secondary structures, based on measurements of fluorescence and CD(222 nm). Furthermore, x-ray diffraction analysis of the E75G protein shows that the overall structure of mutant and WT proteins is similar. However, this mutation does cause a loss of essential hydrogen bonding and charge interactions between Glu(75) and Lys(9), Tyr(93), and His(121). In experiments using double point mutations, E73G/D77G, E73G/E75G, and E75G/D77G, significant changes are seen in all mutants in comparison with WT protein as measured by fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. The losses of thermal stability are 47, 59, and 58%, for E73G/D77G, E73G/E75G, and E75G/D77G, respectively. The triple mutant, E73G/E75G/D77G, results in fluorescence intensity and CD(222 nm) close to those of the denatured state and in a thermal stability loss of 65% relative to the WT protein. Based on these results, we propose a model in which significant electrostatic interactions result in the formation of a locally stable structure in staphylococcal nuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Yuen KY, Woo PC, Teng JL, Leung KW, Wong MK, Lau SK. Laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel gram-negative bacterium isolated from a cirrhotic patient with bacteremia and empyema. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:4227-32. [PMID: 11724825 PMCID: PMC88529 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.12.4227-4232.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A bacterium was isolated from the blood and empyema of a cirrhotic patient. The cells were facultatively anaerobic, nonsporulating, gram-negative, seagull shaped or spiral rods. The bacterium grows on sheep blood agar as nonhemolytic, gray colonies 1 mm in diameter after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C in ambient air. Growth also occurs on MacConkey agar and at 25 and 42 degrees C but not at 4, 44, and 50 degrees C. The bacterium can grow in 1 or 2% but not 3, 4, or 5% NaCl. No enhancement of growth is observed with 5% CO(2). The organism is aflagellated and nonmotile at both 25 and 37 degrees C. It is oxidase, catalase, urease, and arginine dihydrolase positive, and it reduces nitrate. It does not ferment, oxidize, or assimilate any sugar tested. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there are 91 base differences (6.2%), 112 base differences (7.7%), and 116 base differences (8.2%) between the bacterium and Microvirgula aerodenitrificans, Vogesella indigofera, and Chromobacterium species, respectively. The G+C content (mean and standard deviation) is 68.0% +/- 2.43%, and the genomic size is about 3 Mb. Based on phylogenetic affiliation, the bacterium belongs to the Neisseriaceae family of the beta-subclass of Proteobacteria. For these reasons, a new genus and species, Laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed, for which HKU1 is the type strain. Further studies should be performed to ascertain the potential of this bacterium to become an emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
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22
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Woo PC, Leung AS, Leung KW, Yuen KY. Identification of slide coagulase positive, tube coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Mol Pathol 2001; 54:244-7. [PMID: 11477139 PMCID: PMC1187075 DOI: 10.1136/mp.54.4.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To ascertain the clinical importance of a strain of slide coagulase positive but tube coagulase negative Staphylococcus species isolated from the blood culture of a 43 year old patient with refractory anaemia with excessive blasts in transformation who had neutropenic fever. METHODS The isolate was investigated phenotypically by standard biochemical methods using conventional biochemical tests and two commercially available systems, the Vitek (GPI) and API (Staph) systems. Genotypically, the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of the bacteria was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The sequence of the PCR product was compared with known 16S rRNA gene sequences in the GenBank by multiple sequence alignment. RESULTS Conventional biochemical tests did not reveal a pattern resembling a known Staphylococcus species. The Vitek system (GPI) showed that it was 94% S. simulans and 3% S. haemolyticus, whereas the API system (Staph) showed that it was 86.8% S. aureus and 5.1% S. warneri. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there was a 0 base difference between the isolate and S. aureus, 28 base difference between the isolate and S. lugdunensis, 39 base difference between the isolate and S. schleiferi, 21 base difference between the isolate and S. haemolyticus, 41 base difference between the isolate and S. simulans, and 23 base difference between the isolate and S. warneri, indicating that the isolate was a strain of S. aureus. Vancomycin was subsequently prescribed and blood cultures taken four days after the start of treatment were negative. CONCLUSIONS 16S rRNA gene sequencing was useful in ascertaining the clinical importance of the strain of slide coagulase positive but tube coagulase negative Staphylococcus species isolated from blood culture and allowing appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Abstract
The solution structure of a custom lytic peptide, cecropin B3 (CB3), having two identical hydrophobic segments on both the N- and C-termini, was investigated by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The need to determine the structure of this peptide is rooted in its specific ability to lyse lipid layers that have a high content of anionic lipid. The lytic activities of CB3 on cell membranes including cancer cells and bacteria is found to be less than cecropin B1. The results show that CB3 has four discrete segments forming alpha helical structures. The crumpled structure of CB3 provides evidence for the lysis of the lipid layer being via a pathway that differs from pore formation. The results in this study provide strong clues towards a rational design for a potent antimicrobial and antitumor peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srisailam
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Woo PC, Tsoi HW, Leung KW, Lum PN, Leung AS, Ma CH, Kam KM, Yuen KY. Identification of Mycobacterium neoaurum isolated from a neutropenic patient with catheter-related bacteremia by 16S rRNA sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3515-7. [PMID: 10970421 PMCID: PMC87424 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.9.3515-3517.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapidly growing pigmented mycobacterial strain with an ambiguous biochemical profile was isolated from the blood culture taken through the Hickman catheter of a 9-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Whole-cell fatty acid analysis showed that the best match profile was that of Mycobacterium aurum, but the similarity index was only 0.217, meaning that there were no good matches between the isolate and the organisms in the database of the Microbial Identification System. The 16S rRNA gene of the mycobacterial strain was amplified, agarose gel purified, and sequenced. There were 44 base differences between the gene sequence of the isolate and that of M. aurum but only one base difference between the sequence of the isolate and that of Mycobacterium neoaurum, showing that the isolate was indeed a strain of M. neoaurum by using this "gold standard." This represents the first case of M. neoaurum infection documented by 16S rRNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong
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Woo PC, Leung PK, Leung KW, Yuen KY. Identification by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of an Enterobacteriaceae species from a bone marrow transplant recipient. Mol Pathol 2000; 53:211-5. [PMID: 11040945 PMCID: PMC1186972 DOI: 10.1136/mp.53.4.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To ascertain the clinical relevance of a strain of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the stool of a bone marrow transplant recipient with diarrhoea. The isolate could not be identified to the genus level by conventional phenotypic methods and required 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing for full identification. METHODS The isolate was investigated phenotypically by standard biochemical methods using conventional biochemical tests and two commercially available systems, the Vitek (GNI+) and API (20E) systems. Genotypically, the 16S bacterial rRNA gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The sequence of the PCR product was compared with known 16S rRNA gene sequences in the GenBank database by multiple sequence alignment. RESULTS Conventional biochemical tests did not reveal a pattern resembling any known member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The isolate was identified as Salmonella arizonae (73%) and Escherichia coli (76%) by the Vitek (GNI+) and API (20E) systems, respectively. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that there was only one base difference between the isolate and E coli K-12, but 48 and 47 base differences between the isolate and S typhimurium (NCTC 8391) and S typhi (St111), respectively, showing that it was an E coli strain. The patient did not require any specific treatment and the diarrhoea subsided spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS 16S rRNA gene sequencing was useful in ascertaining the clinical relevance of the strain of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the stool of the bone marrow transplant recipient with diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
A series of periodinates has been synthesized and tested as protein tyrosine phosphatase substrates. Their potency is comparable to or higher than that of vanadates but much lower than that of peroxovanadates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Leung
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Liu JD, Leung KW, Wang CK, Liao LY, Wang CS, Chen PH, Chen CC, Yeh EK. Alcohol-related problems in Taiwan with particular emphasis on alcoholic liver diseases. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998; 22:164S-169S. [PMID: 9622397 DOI: 10.1111/acer.1998.22.s3_part1.164s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic development has led to a progressive increase of alcohol consumption in Taiwan, with an accompanying increase in alcohol-related psychiatric problems, traffic accidents, and liver disease. The prevalent rates of alcohol dependence for Han Chinese and Fomosan aborigines were 0.1% and 1%, respectively in 1950. The rate of alcohol dependence increased to 23% for aborigines in 1995. The number of cases of death and serious injuries due to alcohol-related traffic accident has decreased, and the number of fatalities resulting from these accidents has decreased from third to eighth since the inception of a program of random traffic stops with alcohol breath test in 1997. Alcohol liver disease (ALD) was defined as daily alcohol consumption of 60 g, for a duration of longer than 5 years. We classified ALD patients into two groups: (1) those whose average daily consumption of alcohol exceeded 120 g for a duration longer than 15 years (group A); and (2) all other patients (group B). The case records of 33 cases of biopsy-confirmed ALD were obtained for study. The average of daily alcohol consumption in these cases was 160 g. All but one of these patients were male, age ranged from 26 to 69 years, with an average of 43.1. Clinically, ill-defined gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common presentation (61%), and hepatomegaly was the main physical sign (73%). The average mean corpuscular volume values of ALD and non-ALD patients were 102.3 +/- 10.94 and 94.5 +/- 8.1, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean corpuscular volume values of group A and group B were 102.9 +/- 9.7 vs. 96.5 +/- 9.11 (p < 0.05). Result from serum SGOT/SGPT and gamma-glutamyltransferase/alkaline phosphatase for ALD and non-ALD revealed statistically significant differences between these groups. Using the avidin-biotin complex technique, tissue IgA deposition for ALD patients was found to be different from that of non-ALD patients. Ten of 13 ALD patients vs. 2 of 13 non-ALD patients had continuous-form IgA deposition. Histologically, 45.5% of ALD patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, whereas alcoholic hepatitis was present in only 9.1% of patients. Overall, 88% of cases showed various severity of fatty metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Liu
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical College Hospital, Taiwan
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Abstract
Expression of abnormal p53 protein is a widely recognised marker of malignancy including oral squamous cell carcinoma. This is a longitudinal study of p53 expression in fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 3 patients with multiple, recurrent, squamous cell carcinomas of floor of mouth (n = 4, 4, 3). All carcinomas demonstrated increased expression of p53 compared to normal tissues. However, there was reduction in expression from primaries to subsequent recurrent tumours in all 3 patients. The significance of reduction of expression of p53 in sequential recurrences is unclear, but as each of these patients has now survived for at least 5 years this may be a phenomenon indicating a favourable prognosis. As this study relates to only 3 patients, a larger study is needed to confirm this initial observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Leung
- Kaohsiung-Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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29
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Abstract
Leiomyoma of the oral cavity is infrequently found because of the scarcity of smooth muscle in the mouth. A review of the literature yielded only 124 cases reported from 1884 to 1987. A new case of primary leiomyoma of the lower buccal sulcus is presented. Although the recurrence rate has been very low, wide surgical excision is recommended because of the high incidence of malignancy of this tumor in the oral cavity contrasted with other parts of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Leung
- Dental Department, Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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30
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Abstract
During a five and a half year period, exchange transfusions were performed through the peripheral vessels in 201 of the 214 infants (94%) who required either double volume or partial plasma exchange transfusions. Peripheral vessel exchange transfusion is simple, practicable, and safe with few complications. Technical difficulties in catheterizing the peripheral artery and vein may be overcome by using a 24 gauge catheter, which causes no more catheter induced haemolysis than standard umbilical catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Fok
- Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin
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31
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Leung KW. A modified combined indirect ophthalmoscope and illuminated magnifying loupes. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1989; 17:309-11. [PMID: 2478175 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1989.tb00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A modified combined indirect ophthalmoscope and magnifying loupes with illumination was made by mounting a pair of Zeiss loupes below the SOLA indirect ophthalmoscope eye-piece. A beam-splitter, which was made of a piece of ordinary microscopic glass slide, splits a secondary light beam off from the original light source of the indirect ophthalmoscope at an angle of approximately 15 degrees to provide additional illumination for the magnifying loupes. The optics involved was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Leung
- United Christian Hospital, Eye Clinic, Kwan Tong, Hong Kong
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32
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Leung KW. A new panfunduscopic lens: a +90D-Goldmann fundus lens combination. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1989; 17:191-3. [PMID: 2757834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1989.tb00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new panfunduscopic lens is made by combining a +90 D lens and Goldmann contact fundus lens. The optics involved is explained.
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Leung KW, Liu JD, Hsu CH, Liao ST, Wang CK, Chen PH. [A clinical study of acute type B viral hepatitis in adults with special emphasis on serodiagnosis with anti-HBc IgM]. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1987; 86:971-7. [PMID: 3500997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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35
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Abstract
A term newborn infant developed a right sciatic nerve palsy after ischaemic necrosis of the gluteal region following umbilical arterial catheterization. The nerve lesion was believed to be caused by entrapment and compression by scar tissue. Recovery was slow and remained incomplete up to 6 months of age.
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Leung KW, Gillies WE. The detection and management of the acute rise in intraocular pressure following laser trabeculoplasty. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1986; 14:259-62. [PMID: 3768181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1986.tb00046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 64 patients undergoing laser trabeculoplasty had pressures estimated immediately before treatment and at one, two and three hours and in some patients at four, 24 and 48 hours after treatment. Pilocarpine 4% was given topically to 33 patients in order to assess its effect in preventing a pressure rise. The mean pressure rise for the whole series was 4 mmHg, for those not using pilocarpine it was 4.9 mmHg, and for those using pilocarpine it was 3.2 mmHg. A significant pressure rise of 5 mmHg or more was usually apparent by two hours, and patients with no rise or a fall at two hours were very unlikely to develop a rise in pressure. Patients with an initial pressure greater than 20 mmHg, pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule, and a shallow anterior chamber seemed more susceptible to a pressure rise while those with an initial pressure of 17 mmHg or less and only a slight reaction in the anterior chamber seemed very unlikely to develop a pressure rise. Treatment with acetazolamide, fluorometholone drops and hypotensive drops was usually successful in controlling the raised pressure.
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Leung KW, Liu JD, Chen PH, Wang CS, Wang CK, Huang MJ, Siauw CP, Yuan CY, Chen TY. Clinical significance and diagnosis of fatty liver in Taiwan. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1986; 85:149-60. [PMID: 2942633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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38
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Hsu CH, Liu JD, Wang CS, Liao ST, Leung KW, Siauw CP, Chen PH. [Clinical application of detecting serum anti-HBc IgM in HBV infection by radioimmunoassay]. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1984; 83:675-81. [PMID: 6594429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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