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Hofmann C, Satwara M, Kroll M, Panhale S, Rochala P, Wiemer M, Hiller K, Kuhn H. Localized Induction Heating of Cu-Sn Layers for Rapid Solid-Liquid Interdiffusion Bonding Based on Miniaturized Coils. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1307. [PMID: 36014229 PMCID: PMC9416581 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Considering the demand for low temperature bonding in 3D integration and packaging of microelectronic or micromechanical components, this paper presents the development and application of an innovative inductive heating system using micro coils for rapid Cu-Sn solid-liquid interdiffusion (SLID) bonding at chip-level. The design and optimization of the micro coil as well as the analysis of the heating process were carried out by means of finite element method (FEM). The micro coil is a composite material of an aluminum nitride (AlN) carrier substrate and embedded metallic coil conductors. The conductive coil geometry is generated by electroplating of 500 µm thick copper into the AlN carrier. By using the aforementioned micro coil for inductive Cu-Sn SLID bonding, a complete transformation into the thermodynamic stable ε-phase Cu3Sn with an average shear strength of 45.1 N/mm2 could be achieved in 130 s by applying a bond pressure of 3 MPa. In comparison to conventional bonding methods using conduction-based global heating, the presented inductive bonding approach is characterized by combining very high heating rates of about 180 K/s as well as localized heating and efficient cooling of the bond structures. In future, the technology will open new opportunities in the field of wafer-level bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hofmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Maulik Satwara
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Martin Kroll
- Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sushant Panhale
- Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Patrick Rochala
- Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Maik Wiemer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Karla Hiller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Harald Kuhn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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2
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Stoeckel C, Meinel K, Melzer M, Žukauskaitė A, Zimmermann S, Forke R, Hiller K, Kuhn H. Static High Voltage Actuation of Piezoelectric AlN and AlScN Based Scanning Micromirrors. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:mi13040625. [PMID: 35457927 PMCID: PMC9025745 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Piezoelectric micromirrors with aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum scandium nitride (Al0.68Sc0.32N) are presented and compared regarding their static deflection. Two chip designs with 2 × 3 mm2 (Design 1) and 4 × 6 mm2 (Design 2) footprint with 600 nm AlN or 2000 nm Al0.68Sc0.32N as piezoelectric transducer material are investigated. The chip with Design 1 and Al0.68Sc0.32N has a resonance frequency of 1.8 kHz and a static scan angle of 38.4° at 400 V DC was measured. Design 2 has its resonance at 2.1 kHz. The maximum static scan angle is 55.6° at 220 V DC, which is the maximum deflection measurable with the experimental setup. The static deflection per electric field is increased by a factor of 10, due to the optimization of the design and the research and development of high-performance piezoelectric transducer materials with large piezoelectric coefficient and high electrical breakthrough voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Stoeckel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.Z.); (R.F.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (K.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katja Meinel
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (K.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcel Melzer
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (K.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Agnė Žukauskaitė
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, 01277 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Sven Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.Z.); (R.F.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (K.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Roman Forke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.Z.); (R.F.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Karla Hiller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.Z.); (R.F.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (K.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Harald Kuhn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.Z.); (R.F.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (K.M.); (M.M.)
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3
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Meinel K, Melzer M, Stoeckel C, Shaporin A, Forke R, Zimmermann S, Hiller K, Otto T, Kuhn H. 2D Scanning Micromirror with Large Scan Angle and Monolithically Integrated Angle Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Thin Film Aluminum Nitride. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E6599. [PMID: 33218078 PMCID: PMC7698969 DOI: 10.3390/s20226599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 2D scanning micromirror with piezoelectric thin film aluminum nitride (AlN), separately used as actuator and sensor material, is presented. For endoscopic applications, such as fluorescence microscopy, the devices have a mirror plate diameter of 0.7 mm with a 4 mm2 chip footprint. After an initial design optimization procedure, two micromirror designs were realized. Different spring parameters for x- and y-tilt were chosen to generate spiral (Design 1) or Lissajous (Design 2) scan patterns. An additional layout, with integrated tilt angle sensors, was introduced (Design 1-S) to enable a closed-loop control. The micromirror devices were monolithically fabricated in 150 mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Si (111) was used as the device silicon layer to support a high C-axis oriented growth of AlN. The fabricated micromirror devices were characterized in terms of their scanning and sensor characteristics in air. A scan angle of 91.2° was reached for Design 1 at 13 834 Hz and 50 V. For Design 2 a scan angle of 92.4° at 12 060 Hz, and 123.9° at 13 145 Hz, was reached at 50 V for the x- and y-axis, respectively. The desired 2D scan patterns were successfully generated. A sensor angle sensitivity of 1.9 pC/° was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Meinel
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.Z.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Marcel Melzer
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.Z.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Chris Stoeckel
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.Z.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (H.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Alexey Shaporin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Roman Forke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Sven Zimmermann
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.Z.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (H.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Karla Hiller
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.Z.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (H.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Thomas Otto
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.Z.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (H.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Harald Kuhn
- Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany; (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.Z.); (K.H.); (T.O.); (H.K.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany; (A.S.); (R.F.)
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Li Z, Gao S, Brand U, Hiller K, Wolff H. A MEMS nanoindenter with an integrated AFM cantilever gripper for nanomechanical characterization of compliant materials. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:305502. [PMID: 32289758 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab88ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the development of a MEMS nanoindenter that uses exchangeable AFM probes for quasi-static nanomechanical characterization of compliant and ultra-compliant materials. While the electrostatic micro-force transducer of the MEMS nanoindenter provides a maximum indentation depth up to 9.5 µm with a maximum output force of 600 µN, experimental investigations reveal that it can achieve a depth and force resolution better than 4 pm Hz-1/2 and 0.3 nN Hz-1/2, in air for f≥ 1 Hz. A passive AFM probe gripper is integrated into the MEMS nanoindenter, allowing the nanoindenter to utilize various AFM probes as an indenter for material testing. A proof-of-principle experimental setup has been built to investigate the performance of the MEMS nanoindenter prototype. In proof-of-principle experiments, the prototype with a clamped diamond AFM probe successfully identified an atomic step (∼0.31 nm) within a Si < 111 > ultraflat sample using the scanning probe microscopy mode. The nanomechanical measurement capability of the MEMS nanoindenter prototype has been verified by means of measurements of reference polymer samples using a silicon AFM probe and by means of measurements of the elastic properties of a PDMS sample using a spherical diamond-coated AFM probe. Owing to its compact and low-cost but high-resolution capacitive readout system, this MEMS nanoindenter head can be further applied for in-situ quantitative nanomechanical measurements in AFMs and SEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Li Z, Gao S, Brand U, Hiller K, Hahn S, Hamdana G, Peiner E, Wolff H, Bergmann D. Nanomechanical Characterization of Vertical Nanopillars Using an MEMS-SPM Nano-Bending Testing Platform. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19204529. [PMID: 31635250 PMCID: PMC6832273 DOI: 10.3390/s19204529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomechanical characterization of vertically aligned micro- and nanopillars plays an important role in quality control of pillar-based sensors and devices. A microelectromechanical system based scanning probe microscope (MEMS-SPM) has been developed for quantitative measurement of the bending stiffness of micro- and nanopillars with high aspect ratios. The MEMS-SPM exhibits large in-plane displacement with subnanometric resolution and medium probing force beyond 100 micro-Newtons. A proof-of-principle experimental setup using an MEMS-SPM prototype has been built to experimentally determine the in-plane bending stiffness of silicon nanopillars with an aspect ratio higher than 10. Comparison between the experimental results and the analytical and FEM evaluation has been demonstrated. Measurement uncertainty analysis indicates that this nano-bending system is able to determine the pillar bending stiffness with an uncertainty better than 5%, provided that the pillars’ stiffness is close to the suspending stiffness of the MEMS-SPM. The MEMS-SPM measurement setup is capable of on-chip quantitative nanomechanical characterization of pillar-like nano-objects fabricated out of different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sai Gao
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Uwe Brand
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Karla Hiller
- Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Zentrum für Mikrotechnologien Chemnitz, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Susann Hahn
- Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Zentrum für Mikrotechnologien Chemnitz, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Gerry Hamdana
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Erwin Peiner
- Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Helmut Wolff
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Detlef Bergmann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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6
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Kieferle I, Hiller K, Kulozik U, Germann N. Rheological properties of fresh and reconstituted milk protein concentrates under standard and processing conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 537:458-464. [PMID: 30469114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As the processability of fresh and reconstituted milk protein concentrates crucially depends on their rheological properties, a considerable amount of studies focuses on this topic. By means of a direct comparison, we are the first to clearly show that distinct rheological differences can exist between fresh and reconstituted milk protein concentrates under standard and processing conditions. We show that reconstituted milk protein concentrates made from commercial milk protein powders exhibit higher viscosities than fresh ones. Furthermore, we found that during intense shearing, the reconstituted milk protein concentrates undergo a loss of structure, which manifests itself in a significant viscosity decrease. The inverse effect can be observed for fresh milk protein concentrates. Besides these differences, the reconstituted milk protein concentrates exhibit gel-like properties above a certain protein content. We attribute these observations to protein-protein interactions in the milk protein powder, which are induced by manufacturing and/or storing conditions. Our results demonstrate that rheological properties of fresh and reconstituted milk protein concentrates are quantitatively not invariably interchangeable. Thus, the purpose of this article is to emphasize the necessity for researchers and engineers to take into account the rheological particularities of different milk protein concentrates prior to usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kieferle
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - K Hiller
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - U Kulozik
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - N Germann
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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7
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Hiller K, Jung J, Lawson L, Franzen D, Johnson T. 37EMF A Multi-Institutional Online Database for Implementation and Validation of the National Clinical Assessment Tool for Emergency Medicine: A Consensus-Derived Tool for Clinical Assessment of Medical Students in Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Banerjee S, Bülz D, Reuter D, Hiller K, Zahn DRT, Salvan G. Light-induced magnetoresistance in solution-processed planar hybrid devices measured under ambient conditions. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1502-1507. [PMID: 28900604 PMCID: PMC5530628 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report light-induced negative organic magnetoresistance (OMAR) measured in ambient atmosphere in solution-processed 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) planar hybrid devices with two different device architectures. Hybrid electronic devices with trench-isolated electrodes (HED-TIE) having a channel length of ca. 100 nm fabricated in this work and, for comparison, commercially available pre-structured organic field-effect transistor (OFET) substrates with a channel length of 20 µm were used. The magnitude of the photocurrent as well as the magnetoresistance was found to be higher for the HED-TIE devices because of the much smaller channel length of these devices compared to the OFETs. We attribute the observed light-induced negative magnetoresistance in TIPS-pentacene to the presence of electron-hole pairs under illumination as the magnetoresistive effect scales with the photocurrent. The magnetoresistance effect was found to diminish over time under ambient conditions compared to a freshly prepared sample. We propose that the much faster degradation of the magnetoresistance effect as compared to the photocurrent was due to the incorporation of water molecules in the TIPS-pentacene film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Banerjee
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Microtechnologies, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Daniel Bülz
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Danny Reuter
- Center for Microtechnologies, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
- Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Karla Hiller
- Center for Microtechnologies, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Georgeta Salvan
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
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Banerjee S, Bülz D, Solonenko D, Reuter D, Deibel C, Hiller K, Zahn DRT, Salvan G. HED-TIE: A wafer-scale approach for fabricating hybrid electronic devices with trench isolated electrodes. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:195303. [PMID: 28296643 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid electronic devices (HEDs) offer opportunities for functionalities that are not easily obtainable with either organic or inorganic materials individually. In the strive for down-scaling the channel length in planar geometry HEDs, the best results were achieved with electron beam lithography or nanoimprint lithography. Their application on the wafer level is, however, cost intensive and time consuming. Here, we propose trench isolated electrode (TIE) technology as a fast, cost effective, wafer-level approach for the fabrication of planar HEDs with electrode gaps in the range of 100 nm. We demonstrate that the formation of the organic channel can be realized by deposition from solution as well as by the thermal evaporation of organic molecules. To underline one key feature of planar HED-TIEs, namely full accessibility of the active area of the devices by external stimuli such as light, 6,13-bis (triisopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS)-pentacene/Au HED-TIEs are successfully tested for possible application as hybrid photodetectors in the visible spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Banerjee
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany. Center for Microtechnologies, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
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Li Z, Gao S, Brand U, Hiller K, Wollschläger N, Pohlenz F. Note: Nanomechanical characterization of soft materials using a micro-machined nanoforce transducer with an FIB-made pyramidal tip. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:036104. [PMID: 28372387 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative nanomechanical characterization of soft materials using the nanoindentation tech-nique requires further improvements in the performances of instruments, including their force resolution in particular. A micro-machined silicon nanoforce transducer based upon electrostatic comb drives featuring the force and depth resolutions down to ∼1 nN and 0.2 nm, respectively, is described. At the end of the MEMS transducer's main shaft, a pyramidal tip is fabricated using a focused ion beam facility. A proof-of-principle setup with this MEMS nanoindenter has been established to measure the mechanical properties of soft polydimethylsiloxane. First measurement results demonstrate that the prototype measurement system is able to quantitatively characterize soft materials with elastic moduli down to a few MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Phyikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Gao
- Phyikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - U Brand
- Phyikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - K Hiller
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - N Wollschläger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Pohlenz
- Phyikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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Eucken A, Hiller K. Der Nachweis einer Umwandlung des Orthowasserstoffes in Parawasserstoff durch Messung der spezifischen Wärme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1929-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Ebermann M, Neumann N, Hiller K, Seifert M, Meinig M, Kurth S. Tunable MEMS Fabry-Pérot filters for infrared microspectrometers: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2209288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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13
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Trezzi JP, Krotki P, Schulz-Braun M, Hiller K, Schneider JG. Vereinfachte und ambulante Methode zur Charakterisierung des Glukosemetabolismus unter Verwendung von getrocknetem Blut und stabiler, nicht-radioaktiver Isotopenmarkierung: Dried blood spots (DBS-GLUC). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Hootman KC, Trezzi JP, Bailey JR, Burwell LS, Guertin KA, Hiller K, Cassano PA. Metabolomic Markers Associated with Central Adiposity Gain in Young Adults. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.736.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KC Hootman
- Nutritional SciencesCornell UniversityUnited States
| | - JP Trezzi
- Centre for Systems Biomedicine University of LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - JR Bailey
- Nutritional SciencesCornell UniversityUnited States
| | - LS Burwell
- Nutritional SciencesCornell UniversityUnited States
| | - KA Guertin
- Nutritional SciencesCornell UniversityUnited States
| | - K Hiller
- Centre for Systems Biomedicine University of LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - PA Cassano
- Nutritional SciencesCornell UniversityUnited States
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Abstract
Aus Wurzeln von Eryngium planum L. wurde ein nichtreduzierendes Trisaccharid isoliert, das sich als 1-Kestose erwies. Dieses Trisaccharid wurde damit erstmalig in Umbelliferen nachgewiesen. Es wird auch in anderen Organen und Eryngiumarten neben einem weiteren, noch nicht identifizierten Oligosaccharid sowie Saccharose, Glucose und Fructose angetroffen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hiller
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Humboldt-Universität Berlin
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16
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Hiller K, Waters K. Timing of Medical Student Shift Evaluations Does Not Affect Scoring. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grall K, Hiller K, Stoneking L. A Descriptive Analysis of the Evaluative Components on the Standard Letter of Recommendation in Emeregency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kübler H, Maurer T, Stenzl A, Feyerabend S, Steiner U, Schostak M, Schultze-Seemann W, vom Dorp F, Pilla L, Viatali G, Hampel C, Wedel S, Trojan L, Hiller K, Sommerauer M, Jocham D, Scheel B, Lander T, Kallen K, Miller K. Final analysis of a phase I/IIa study with CV9103, an intradermally administered prostate cancer immunotherapy based on self-adjuvanted mRNA. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wiemer M, Otto T, Gessner T, Hiller K, Kapser K, Seidel H, Bagdahn J, Petzold M. Implementation of a low temperature wafer bonding process for acceleration sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-682-n4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe paper describes a low temperature bond process based on an oxygen plasma pretreatment followed by 200°C and 400°C annealing which was to be integrated in our technological process flow to produce micromechanical devices in bulk and surface micromachining like acceleration sensors, gyroscopes and mirror arrays [1]. The results of infrared transmission and the measured bond strengths of the prepared test wafers will be presented in dependence on various pre-treatments and annealing times as well as temperatures. First die separation tests as well as additional detailed investigations showed that the bonding process has the potential to replace an anodic bonding process. During the development of the low temperature bond process it was shown that it is possible to reach a bond strength between 1.5 J/m2 and 2.8 J/m2 depending on the annealing conditions. To optimize the necessary size of the bond frame and to quantify the bond strength limits of the process a test pattern was designed with different arrangements of sensor structures like bond frames, spaces and chevron notch structures. The investigation showed the achieved bond yield in dependence on different sensor structures and bond conditions.
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Abstract
An electromigration device has been developed for the on-line measurement of absolute individual ion mobilities of radioactive species in free electrolytes. The device is composed of a migration cell, a γ-radiation scanning unit and a data processing system. The performance of two BGO-scintillators as scanning unit and the reliability of an on-line data processing system were studied with calibrated radioactive sources of given velocities. The system was found to work with a high reproducibility rate. The migration velocities were determined with an accuracy better than 1%.
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Hiller K, Winegard B, de Boer M, Wooden H, Patanwala S. 96: Influenza Vaccination in the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Watters D, Richter A, Bartoletti F, Hudson M, Min A, Vahedian M, Hiller K. Does Tourniquet Time Affect Venous Lactate? Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lacour M, Mueller J, Hiller K, Hartmann A, Vaith P, Scheidt CE. Fibromyalgie – eine somatisierte depressive Störung? Eine Vergleichende Querschnittsuntersuchung von Patienten mit primärer Fibromyalgie und Rheumatoider Arthritis. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-970668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Hess U, Hiller K, Schroeder R, Gründemann E. Elektrochemische Umlagerung von Papaverin und Dimerisierung zu 12, 12′-Bis{2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-indolo[2,1-a]isochinolinyl}. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19773190406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Plock A, Beyer G, Hiller K, Gründemann E, Krause E, Nimtz M, Wray V. Application of MS and NMR to the structure elucidation of complex sugar moieties of natural products: exemplified by the steroidal saponin from Yucca filamentosa L. Phytochemistry 2001; 57:489-496. [PMID: 11393530 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An approach, using well characterized procedures, is presented that should be of general applicability for the structural elucidation of complex sugar moieties of natural products. The methods used are exemplified by the structure elucidation of a new gitogenin-based steroidal saponin that has a strong leishmanicidal activity similar to preparations used in clinical practice and has been isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of Yucca filamentosa L. leaves. The saponin has been characterized as 3-O-((beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)- beta-D-glucopyranosy-(1-->2))(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3))-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-25R,5alpha-spirostan-2alpha,3beta-diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Plock
- Institut für Pharmazie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Bader G, Seibold M, Tintelnot K, Hiller K. Cytotoxicity of triterpenoid saponins. Part 2: Relationships between the structures of glycosides of polygalacic acid and their activities against pathogenic Candida species. Pharmazie 2000; 55:72-4. [PMID: 10683877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycosides of polygalacic acid (2 beta,3 beta,16 alpha,23-tetrahydroxy-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid) is isolated from the aerial parts of Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. virgaurea, Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr. and Heteropappus biennis (Ldb.) Tamamsch. or produced by degradation of these genuine saponins were tested against humanpathogenic strains of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis using a micro-dilution assay. The antifungal action can be influenced the variation of the etherglycosidically bonded carbohydrate units at C-3 as well as of the acylglycosidically bonded oligosaccharide at C-28 of the aglycone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bader
- Institut für Pharmazie, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
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Bader G, Lück L, Schenk R, Hirschelmann R, Hiller K. [Leiocarposid--lead structure for the quality assurance of Solidaginis virgaureae herba]. Pharmazie 1998; 53:805-6. [PMID: 9853363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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29
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Abstract
The cytotoxic compound, virgaureasaponin 1, was converted using several optimized enzymecatalysed hydrolyses to the 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranoside (2), and the 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha- L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranoside (3) and 28-O-beta-D-xylyopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2) - beta-D-fucopyranoside (4) both lacking the glucose moiety at C-3 of the aglycone. The terminal rhamnose of the acylglycosidic bonded tetrasaccharide was cleaved by naringinase to give compound 2. The new acylglycosides 3 and 4 were obtained with the help of a relatively crude beta-glucuronidase preparation, but the cleavage of the sapogenin bonded glucose was impossible using several beta-glucosidase preparations directly. These derivatives were used for the investigation of the relationship between the saponin carbohydrate structure and their cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bader
- Institut für Pharmazie, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
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Abstract
Two new saponins were isolated from the seeds of Agrostemma githago L. var. githago. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence their structures were determined to be 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta- D- glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-4-O-acetylfucopyranoside and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)- [beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gyp sogenin- 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D- 4-O-acetylfucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Siepmann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
A new acylated triterpenoid saponin was obtained from the leaves of Sanicula europaea. The structure has been elucidated from NMR and MS data, and by chemical derivatisation as 21-O-[2-methylbutanoyl]-3 beta, 15 alpha, 16 alpha, 21 beta, 22 alpha, 28-hexahydroxyolean-12-ene 3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->3)] beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside.
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Plohmann B, Bader G, Hiller K, Franz G. Immunomodulatory and antitumoral effects of triterpenoid saponins. Pharmazie 1997; 52:953-7. [PMID: 9442560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genuine saponins of Solidago virgaurea L., Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr., Heteropappus biennis (Ldb.) Tamamsch. and Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) as well as related carbohydrate modified glycosides of polygalacic acid and echinocystic acid and some commercial available triterpenoid saponins were investigated in view of their immunomodulating and antitumoral effects. Mitogeneic effects on murine spleen and thymus cells, as well on human mononuclear cells in vitro could be demonstrated. The activity of murine bone marrow macrophages was stimulated in a chemoluminescence assay, and further an induction of cytotoxic macrophages and a TNF alpha release from murine macrophages was observed. The mitogeneic and TNF alpha releasing virgaureasaponin E (1) showed in vivo antitumoral effects in the allogeneic sarcoma 180 tumor model and in the syngeneic DBA/2-MC.SC-1 fibrosarcoma tumor model. In mice, treated with 1, phagocytosis of bone marrow cells and proliferation of spleen and bone marrow cells were stimulated in an ex vivo assay whereby the TNF alpha concentration in blood considerably increased compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Plohmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Bader G, Streich S, Gründemann E, Flatau S, Hiller K. Enzymatic degradation of the triterpenoid saponin helianthoside 2. Pharmazie 1997; 52:836-8. [PMID: 9399339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Helianthoside 2 (1), the main bisdesmosidic saponin of Helianthus annuus L. was converted to the products 2, 3 and 4 by several, optimized enzymatic hydrolysis methods. Monosaccharide units of the acylglycosidic at C-28 of the sapogenin bonded, linear chain oligosaccharide were cleaved, but the branched trisaccharide at C-3 of the aglycone are stable under the conditions used. Compounds 2 and 3 are new triterpenoid glycosides, which were characterized as 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (2) and 28-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (3) of 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)][beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)] beta-D-glucopyranoside of 3 beta,16 alpha-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bader
- Institut für Pharmazie, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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34
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Köhler U, Hiller K, Martin R, Langanke D, Naumann G, Bilek K, Jänicke F, Schmitt M. Tumor-associated proteolytic factors uPA and PAI-1 in endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1997; 66:268-74. [PMID: 9264575 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1997.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The levels of plasminogen activator urokinase (uPA) and of its inhibitor (PAI-1) were measured by use of ELISA in the cytosol of tissue homogenates obtained from endometrial carcinomas and the marginal, tumor-free endometrium of postmenopausal patients (n = 64). Significantly higher median levels of uPA and PAI-1 were found in malignant endometrium (uPA 1.89 ng/mg, PAI-1 3.04 ng/mg) compared to tumor-free endometrium (uPA 0.84 ng/mg, PAI-1 1.01 ng/mg). Concerning uPA, no significant differences were found in dependence on histomorphological prognostic factors (staging, grading), but the median level of PAI-1 was significantly higher in G2/G3 carcinomas compared to G1 tumors (5.08 ng/mg vs 2.19 ng/mg). Because of the good prognosis of operated patients with endometrial carcinomas, the prognostic value of uPA and PAI-1 can only be decided by a larger number of patients and a long observation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Köhler
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Seven triterpenoid saponins were isolated from both the aerial and the underground parts of Aster bellidiastrum. Five of the compounds were common to both parts. The structures were elucidated mainly from their NMR and mass spectral data, and showed significant similarity to the corresponding data for the saponins from plants of the Bellis genus. Two of the saponins are novel compounds with the structures 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-2 beta,3 beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2 beta,3 beta,16 alpha, 23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->3)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-be ta- D-fucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematische-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Institut für Pharmazie, Germany
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Abstract
Nine saponins were isolated from the deacylated saponin mixture obtained from the whole plants of Bellis bernardii. Their structures have been elucidated from NMR and MS data and by chemical derivatization. Three were glycosides of the recently reported bellisonic acid (2 beta, 3 beta,-23-trihydroxy-16-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid), with the major compounds being related glycosides of polygalacic acid (2 beta, 3 beta, 16 alpha, 23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid). In addition, a saponin of bayogenin (2 beta, 3 beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) was obtained and is the first acyl glycoside of this aglycon with a free hydroxyl group at C-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Germany.
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Schöpke T, Hiller K, Wray V, Nimtz M. Application of MS-MS for the rapid, comparative analysis of saponin mixtures as exemplified by the deacylated and partially deacylated triterpenoid saponins of Bellis annua. Planta Med 1996; 62:336-340. [PMID: 8792666 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While most species of the Bellis genus are characterized by saponins in concentrations of ca.4% dry weight, Bellis annua only contains ca.0.3% saponins. Hence positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, including MS-MS analysis, has been used extensively for the rapid identification of the saponins of B. annua obtained after mild alkaline hydrolysis. The saponin composition is similar to that of other Bellis species and, in addition, glycosides of the rare bellisonic acid, which has recently been found in B. bernardii, have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Institut für Pharmazie, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät l, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Bader G, Plohmann B, Hiller K, Franz G. Cytotoxicity of triterpenoid saponins. Part 1: Activities against tumor cells in vitro and hemolytical index. Pharmazie 1996; 51:414-7. [PMID: 8767852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genuine saponins from Solidago virgaurea L., Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr., H. biennis (Ldb.) Tamamsch., and Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) as well as related carbohydrate modified glycosides of polygalacic acid and echinocystic acid were investigated in view of their structure related cytotoxicity in the YAC-1- and in the P-815-tumor cell model. The cytotoxic activities are influenced by both, the O-glycosylation pattern at carbon atom 3 and 28 of the sapogenin. The IC50-values of bisdesmosides of polygalacic acid are lower than those of the corresponding prosapogenins. The acylglycosidic carbohydrate sequence 1-fucose-2 <-- 1-rhamnose-4 <-- 1-xylose-3 <-- 1-rhamnose of these bisdesmosides showed the highest cytotoxic effect. One etherglycosidic linked glucose unit at C-3 of the aglycone is essential, a difference in activity to the disaccharide laminaribiose at the same position cannot be observed. In the case of echinocystic acid glycosides the acylglycosidic carbohydrate sequence 1-arabinose-2 <-- 1-rhamnose-4 <-- 1-glucose seems to influence the rate of the cytotoxic effects. By comparing the concentration of the saponins with the complete hemolysis time it is possible to determine the hemolytical index in a very short time. Cytotoxicity against tumor cells correlated with the basic structure of the saponins are in accordance with the hemolytical effect. Sugar moieties play an important role for the hemolytical index.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bader
- Institut für Pharmazie, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät l, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Schöpke T, Hiller K, Wray V, Nimtz M, Yamasaki K, Kasai R. Triterpenoid saponins from Bellis sylvestris. 2. Structures of partially deacylated saponins. J Nat Prod 1996; 59:355-359. [PMID: 8699180 DOI: 10.1021/np9600715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Four saponins have been isolated from the herbal parts of Bellis sylvestris and the same, together with three further compounds, from the underground parts. The structures were elucidated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, including tandem mass spectrometry, and by 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Two of the compounds are new saponins with the structures 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2 beta, 3 beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D- glucopyranoside and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2 beta, 3 beta,16 alpha, 23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en- 28-oic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-[(E)-2-butenoic acid (1-->3)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside. Taxonomically these data provide significant evidence of a link between the Bellis genus and Bellium bellidioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Germany. thomas=
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Abstract
A new deacylsaponin of polygalacic acid, desacylbellidioside B4, was obtained from the whole plants of Bellium bellidioides L. The structure has been elucidated by a general strategy involving mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, including tandem MS, and GC-MS) and high-field one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR, COSY-45, HMQC, HMBC) as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-2 beta, 3 beta, 16 alpha, 23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-fucopyran oside. Moreover, bellissaponin BS2 and besysaponin C12 have also been isolated, demonstrating the close chemical relationship of B. bellidioides to the Bellis genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Institut für Pharmazie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Four major triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the aerial parts of Aster bellidiastrum. The structures were elucidated from their NMR and mass spectral data, and from derivatization. One is a new compound with the structure 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2 beta,3 beta,16 alpha,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28- oic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta- D-fucopyranoside, while the three others have been previously identified in extracts from various Bellis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Institut für Pharmazie, Germany
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Abstract
Two new (3, 4) and two known (1, 2) genuine acylated bisdesmosidic triterpenoid glycosides of polygalacic acid (2 beta, 3 beta, 16 alpha, 23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) were isolated from the aerial parts, as well as from the roots, of Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. virgaurea. The structures of these esters were elucidated as 4-O-fucopyranosyl-acylated compounds (1, 2, 3, 4) of 28-[O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1-->4)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl]-glycosid es of 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-polygalacic acid (5), and 3-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]- polygalacic acid (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bader
- Institut für Pharmazie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Faber R, Viehweg B, Hiller K. [Discriminant analytic model for prognostic assessment of pregnancies at risk for premature labor]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 1995; 199:48-53. [PMID: 7788577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We examined 114 women with preterm labor using discriminance analysis to assess predictive values in terms of prolongation of gestational age and gestational age at the time of delivery. We used parameters like medical history, clinical features, infections, Doppler sonography and cardiotocography. Maternal temperature, cardiotocographic findings, premature rupture of membranes, number of abortions and pregnancy terminations and cervical dilatation at the time of admission contribute significantly to predict prolongation of pregnancy (< or = as well as > 7 days). Our results from this analysis showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.70 and 0.97 and positive and negative predictive values of 0.89 and 0.91, respectively. We observed significant differences concerning parameters like preterm rupture of membranes, cervical dilatation, pathological bacteria in the vagina and pathological Doppler values between subsequent preterm and term deliveries in pregnancies with a prolongation of > 7 days was. Upon reclassifying our results, we obtained sensitivity and specificity of 0.69 and 0.89 and positive and negative predictive values of 0.78 and 0.84, respectively. Early prognostic assessment of preterm labor can be made with discriminance analysis. The results inspire us to perform a prospective examination of the therapy plan that we have obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Faber
- Universitäts-Frauenklinik Leipzig
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Schöpke T, Thiele H, Wray V, Nimtz M, Hiller K. Structure elucidation of a glycoside of 2 beta, 3 beta, 23-trihydroxy-16-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid from Bellis bernardii using mass spectrometry for the sugar sequence determination. J Nat Prod 1995; 58:152-155. [PMID: 7760074 DOI: 10.1021/np50115a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a novel saponin, possessing an unusual aglycone named bellisonic acid and isolated from whole plants of Bellis bernardii, has been elucidated by modern ms and nmr techniques as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-2 beta, 3 beta, 23-trihydroxy-16-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranoside [1]. Ms procedures of general applicability allowed unambiguous sugar sequence determination from very small amounts of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Germany
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Bader G, Plohmann B, Streich S, Franz G, Hiller K. P7 Structures of different triterpenoid saponins and their cytotoxic actions against tumor cells and pathogenic yeasts. Eur J Pharm Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0928-0987(94)90180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schöpke T, Hiller K, Wray V, Köppel KD, Yamasaki K, Kasai R. Triterpenoid saponins from Bellis sylvestris, I. Structures of the major deacylsaponins. J Nat Prod 1994; 57:1279-1282. [PMID: 7798963 DOI: 10.1021/np50111a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two major saponins from Bellis sylvestris have been isolated and their structures determined, mainly by high-field nmr spectroscopy. One of these [2] was identical with bellissaponin BS1 from Bellis perennis, while the second is a new triterpenoid saponin [1], named besysaponin C12, and identified as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-2 beta,3 beta,16 alpha,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D- fucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Germany
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Abstract
A new acylated triterpenoid saponin carrying the rare 2,3-branched glucose at C-28 of the aglycone bayogenin (2 beta, 3 beta, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) was isolated from the whole plants of Bellium bellidioides. The structure was elucidated mainly by high field NMR experiments (1H and 13C NMR, HMBC, HMQC, COSY-45 at 600/150 MHz) as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-[2-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-23-O-acetylbayogenin . Additionally, three acylated derivatives of the known bellissaponin BS1 were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schöpke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Berlin, F.R.G
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Abstract
Pelvic and paraaortal lymph nodes of 499 gynecologic cancer patients were screened for the occurrence of metaplastic changes and their topographic pattern. Glandular inclusions in lymph nodes were distributed evenly across all lymphatic areas and there was no correlation to the extent and the kind of carcinoma. In most cases the benign nature of these inclusions was obvious even in the presence of metaplasias and there was no difficulty in differentiating them from metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maassen
- First University Women's Hospital, München, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bader
- Fachbereich Pharmazie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Goethestr. 54, D(0)-1120 Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
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