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Zou M, Bhatia A, Dong H, Jayaprakash P, Guo J, Sahu D, Hou Y, Tsen F, Tong C, O'Brien K, Situ AJ, Schmidt T, Chen M, Ying Q, Ulmer TS, Woodley DT, Li W. Correction: Evolutionarily conserved dual lysine motif determines the non-chaperone function of secreted Hsp90alpha in tumour progression. Oncogene 2024; 43:1397-1398. [PMID: 38575761 PMCID: PMC11065679 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M Zou
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - A Bhatia
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Dong
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - P Jayaprakash
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Guo
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Sahu
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Tsen
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Tong
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A J Situ
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Q Ying
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T S Ulmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Nguyen HD, Jouen F, Déchelotte B, Cordel N, Gitiaux C, Bodemer C, Quatier P, Belot A, O'Brien K, Cancemi D, Melki I, Fabien N, Tansley S, Boyer O, Wedderburn LR, Bader-Meunier B. TIF1-gamma IgG2 isotype is not associated with malignancy in juvenile dermatomyositis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024:keae182. [PMID: 38498839 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huong D Nguyen
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Fabienne Jouen
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Rouen, U1234, France
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Benoit Déchelotte
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Rouen, U1234, France
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Nadège Cordel
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Rouen, U1234, France
- Department of Dermatology and Clinical Immunology, Guadeloupe University Hospital, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Cyril Gitiaux
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Neurophysiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Quatier
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Femme-Mère-Enfants Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dario Cancemi
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Melki
- Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Fabien
- Laboratory of Immunology, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Tansley
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust, Bath, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Rouen, U1234, France
- Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
| | - Brigitte Bader-Meunier
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, France
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Vadinova V, Sihvonen AJ, Wee F, Garden KL, Ziraldo L, Roxbury T, O'Brien K, Copland DA, McMahon KL, Brownsett SLE. The volume and the distribution of premorbid white matter hyperintensities: Impact on post-stroke aphasia. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26568. [PMID: 38224539 PMCID: PMC10789210 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a radiological manifestation of progressive white matter integrity loss. The total volume and distribution of WMH within the corpus callosum have been associated with pathological cognitive ageing processes but have not been considered in relation to post-stroke aphasia outcomes. We investigated the contribution of both the total volume of WMH, and the extent of WMH lesion load in the corpus callosum to the recovery of language after first-ever stroke. Behavioural and neuroimaging data from individuals (N = 37) with a left-hemisphere stroke were included at the early subacute stage of recovery. Spoken language comprehension and production abilities were assessed using word and sentence-level tasks. Neuroimaging data was used to derive stroke lesion variables (volume and lesion load to language critical regions) and WMH variables (WMH volume and lesion load to three callosal segments). WMH volume did not predict variance in language measures, when considered together with stroke lesion and demographic variables. However, WMH lesion load in the forceps minor segment of the corpus callosum explained variance in early subacute comprehension abilities (t = -2.59, p = .01) together with corrected stroke lesion volume and socio-demographic variables. Premorbid WMH lesions in the forceps minor were negatively associated with early subacute language comprehension after aphasic stroke. This negative impact of callosal WMH on language is consistent with converging evidence from pathological ageing suggesting that callosal WMH disrupt the neural networks supporting a range of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vadinova
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - A. J. Sihvonen
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and BrainUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - F. Wee
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - K. L. Garden
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - L. Ziraldo
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - T. Roxbury
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - K. O'Brien
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - D. A. Copland
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - K. L. McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical TechnologiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - S. L. E. Brownsett
- Queensland Aphasia Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and RehabilitationLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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Song K, Yu M, McLuckie R, O'Brien K, Harrison M, Nguyen V, Kraft M, Abdelghany O, Phillips MS, Roberts J, Johnston S, Young CA, Redic KA. Development of complexity categories for an investigational drug services complexity scoring tool to assess pharmacy effort in clinical trial initiation and maintenance. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2023; 80:1557-1563. [PMID: 37335865 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Research pharmacy effort required to safely and compliantly manage investigational products (IP) varies between studies. No validated tool exists in the United States to evaluate these differences in effort. The Vizient Pharmacy Research Committee Investigational Drug Services (IDS) Subcommittee previously developed a systematic complexity scoring tool (CST) through expert consensus to assign a complexity score for pharmacy effort. This project seeks to develop and validate complexity categories based on CST scores. METHODS Vizient member institutions in IDS assigned a CST complexity score and a perceived complexity category (low, medium, or high) for study initiation and maintenance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis defined the best CST score cutoff points for each complexity category. Comparing the CST-assigned to the user-perceived complexity category determined whether the CST-assigned complexity category aligned with practitioner assignment. RESULTS A total of 322 responses were used to determine complexity score categories. The AUC values for study initiation and maintenance were 0.79 (P < 0.001) for the low/medium boundary and 0.80 (P < 0.001) for the medium/high boundary, suggesting the performance of the CST is good. The agreement between CST-assigned and user-perceived complexity categories was 60% for study initiation and 58% for maintenance. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient between the raters and ROC categories was strong, with a value of 0.48 for study initiation and 0.47 for maintenance. CONCLUSION Development of the CST allows IDS pharmacies to objectively measure the complexity of clinical trials, which is a significant step towards assessing workload and guiding resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwon Song
- Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Yu
- UW Health - University Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Victor Nguyen
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Kraft
- University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Roberts
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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McDaid E, Long S, Curtin C, Burke C, O'Brien K, Cogan L, Ahern E, Mello S, O'Connor M. 95 EXPLORING HIP FRACTURE OUTCOMES IN POST-ACUTE REHABILITATION: A MULTI-SITE AUDIT. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In 2020, 28% of all hip fractures in Ireland were discharged to off-site rehabilitation. The annual Irish Hip Fracture Database (IHFD) report captures patient outcomes at the point of acute discharge however patient outcomes at discharge from offsite rehabilitation are unknown.
Methods
A multi-site retrospective audit was completed examining hip fracture outcomes for patients admitted to four post-acute rehabilitation hospitals during 2021, using IHFD HIPE portals as well as local databases. Descriptive statistics including demographics, pre-fracture mobility as well as outcomes measured including acute length of stay, rehabilitation length of stay, discharge destination and independence with mobility on discharge from rehabilitation. A comparison analysis between sites was completed.
Results
A total of 445 patients were admitted post hip fracture to the four rehabilitation hospitals in 2021. Most were female (69%, n=307), mean age 82.5, 49% lived alone and most (55%) had low pre-fracture mobility as measured by New Mobility Score of 0-6. The mean acute length of stay was 11.8 days and rehabilitation stay 37.6 days. Most (90.2% of complete data, n=333) discharged home, 4.5% (n=17) were transferred to hospital, 3.2% (n=12) were newly admitted to nursing home and 1% (n=4) died. Most (82.2% of complete data, n=256) were independently mobile (CAS 6) at discharge from rehabilitation. There was no significant difference in patient profile between sites however there were significant difference in both acute length of stay (median range 8-13days) as well as rehabilitation length of stay (median range 16-39days).
Conclusion
The findings of this audit provide a new perspective on recovery post hip fracture and insight into longer term hip fracture outcomes. It shows that data collection is feasible in off-site rehabilitation units and should be considered for inclusion in the IHFD. Further work could explore the establishment of standards of care in the post-acute phase of hip fracture rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McDaid
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Long
- South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - C Curtin
- South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - C Burke
- Peamount Healthcare , Dublin, Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh , Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Cogan
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Ahern
- South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - S Mello
- Peamount Healthcare , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M O'Connor
- National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh , Dublin, Ireland
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Kong Kam Wa T, Holmes C, O'Brien K. A case series of paediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I undergoing scoliosis correction surgery. Anaesth Rep 2021; 9:e12138. [PMID: 34870210 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a neuromuscular disorder with degeneration of spinal motor neurons. Type I is a severe variant that was recently shown to be amenable to treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen. As a result of increased life expectancy with this treatment, more children with spinal muscular atrophy type I are presenting for spinal correction surgery. In this case series, we present four such patients who underwent spinal surgery at our institution over the course of one year. Pre-operative assessment showed evidence of reduced respiratory function requiring nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in all four patients. A difficult airway was encountered in two of the four patients. Postoperative complications were ubiquitous and included CSF leak, poor wound healing, metal frame exposure, frame instability and wound infection. There were no postoperative respiratory complications and all four children returned to their respiratory baseline postoperatively. All patients underwent successful lumbar puncture and intrathecal nusinersen injection following their spinal surgeries. Given the risk of complications and prolonged recovery following spinal surgery, a detailed family discussion is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kong Kam Wa
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
| | - C Holmes
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
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O'Brien D, Hall J, Miró A, O'Brien K, Falaschi M, Jehle R. Reversing a downward trend in threatened peripheral amphibian (Triturus cristatus) populations through interventions combining species, habitat and genetic information. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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O'Brien K, Petra V, Lal D, Kwai K, McDonald M, Jeanmonod R. 224 Gender Coding in Job Advertisements for Academic, Non-Academic, and Leadership Positions in Emergency Medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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O'Brien K, Petra V, Lal D, Kwai K, McDonald M, Jeanmonod R. 227 Gender Coding in Physician Job Advertisements and Sex Disparities in Medical and Surgical Fields. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Deakin CT, Cornish GH, Ng KW, Faulkner N, Bolland W, Hope J, Rosa A, Harvey R, Hussain S, Earl C, Jebson BR, Wilkinson MGLL, Marshall LR, O'Brien K, Rosser EC, Radziszewska A, Peckham H, Patel H, Heaney J, Rickman H, Paraskevopoulou S, Houlihan CF, Spyer MJ, Gamblin SJ, McCauley J, Nastouli E, Levin M, Cherepanov P, Ciurtin C, Wedderburn LR, Kassiotis G. Favorable antibody responses to human coronaviruses in children and adolescents with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Med 2021; 2:1093-1109.e6. [PMID: 34414384 PMCID: PMC8363467 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in humoral immunity to coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), between children and adults remain unexplained, and the effect of underlying immune dysfunction or suppression is unknown. Here, we sought to examine the antibody immune competence of children and adolescents with prevalent inflammatory rheumatic diseases, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) against the seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 that frequently infects this age group. METHODS Sera were collected from JIA (n = 118), JDM (n = 49), and JSLE (n = 30) patients and from healthy control (n = 54) children and adolescents prior to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. We used sensitive flow-cytometry-based assays to determine titers of antibodies that reacted with the spike and nucleoprotein of HCoV-OC43 and cross-reacted with the spike and nucleoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, and we compared them with respective titers in sera from patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents (MIS-C). FINDINGS Despite immune dysfunction and immunosuppressive treatment, JIA, JDM, and JSLE patients maintained comparable or stronger humoral responses than healthier peers, which was dominated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to HCoV-OC43 spike, and harbored IgG antibodies that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 spike. In contrast, responses to HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoproteins exhibited delayed age-dependent class-switching and were not elevated in JIA, JDM, and JSLE patients, which argues against increased exposure. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, autoimmune rheumatic diseases and their treatment were associated with a favorable ratio of spike to nucleoprotein antibodies. FUNDING This work was supported by a Centre of Excellence Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis grant, 21593, UKRI funding reference MR/R013926/1, the Great Ormond Street Children's Charity, Cure JM Foundation, Myositis UK, Lupus UK, and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centres at GOSH and UCLH. This work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute, which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire T Deakin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
- OPAL Rheumatology Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina H Cornish
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kevin W Ng
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nikhil Faulkner
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - William Bolland
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Joshua Hope
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Annachiara Rosa
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christopher Earl
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Bethany R Jebson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - Meredyth G L L Wilkinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - Lucy R Marshall
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Harsita Patel
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Catherine F Houlihan
- UCLH NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Moira J Spyer
- UCLH NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street ICH, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Steve J Gamblin
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eleni Nastouli
- UCLH NHS Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street ICH, UCL, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London (UCL), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health (ICH), UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at GOSH, London, UK
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retroviral Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
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11
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Morvan A, Ramasesh VV, Blok MS, Kreikebaum JM, O'Brien K, Chen L, Mitchell BK, Naik RK, Santiago DI, Siddiqi I. Qutrit Randomized Benchmarking. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:210504. [PMID: 34114846 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ternary quantum processors offer significant potential computational advantages over conventional qubit technologies, leveraging the encoding and processing of quantum information in qutrits (three-level systems). To evaluate and compare the performance of such emerging quantum hardware it is essential to have robust benchmarking methods suitable for a higher-dimensional Hilbert space. We demonstrate extensions of industry standard randomized benchmarking (RB) protocols, developed and used extensively for qubits, suitable for ternary quantum logic. Using a superconducting five-qutrit processor, we find an average single-qutrit process infidelity of 3.8×10^{-3}. Through interleaved RB, we characterize a few relevant gates, and employ simultaneous RB to fully characterize crosstalk errors. Finally, we apply cycle benchmarking to a two-qutrit CSUM gate and obtain a two-qutrit process fidelity of 0.85. Our results present and demonstrate RB-based tools to characterize the performance of a qutrit processor, and a general approach to diagnose control errors in future qudit hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morvan
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V V Ramasesh
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M S Blok
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - J M Kreikebaum
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Chen
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B K Mitchell
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R K Naik
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D I Santiago
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Hall A, O'Brien K, McCrabb S, Kypri K, Brown S, Wilczynska M, Wiggers J, Wyse R, Dalton C, Wolfenden L. Learnings from efforts to synthesise evidence on the COVID-19 incubation period. Public Health 2021; 198:e12-e13. [PMID: 34130808 PMCID: PMC8112467 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hall
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - K O'Brien
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - S McCrabb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - K Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - S Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - M Wilczynska
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Wiggers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - R Wyse
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C Dalton
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
| | - L Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia
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13
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Jacobs J, Li Q, Cheng Z, O'Brien K, Thompson D, Uitto J, Sabbagh Y. 167 INZ-701 prevents ectopic mineralization in an Abcc6 mouse model of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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O'Connor M, Céilleachair AÓ, O'Brien K, O'Leary J, Martin C, D'Arcy T, Flannelly G, McRae J, Prendiville W, Ruttle C, White C, Pilkington L, Sharp L. Health-related quality of life in women after colposcopy: results from a longitudinal patient survey. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:2509-2520. [PMID: 33792833 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information concerning the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) consequences of colposcopy is limited, particularly over time. In a longitudinal study, we investigated women's HRQoL at 4, 8 and 12 months post colposcopy and the factors associated with this. METHODS Women attending colposcopy at two large hospitals affiliated with the national screening programme in Ireland were invited to complete questionnaires at 4, 8 and 12 months post colposcopy. HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D-3L and compared across a range of socio-demographic, clinical and attitudinal variables. A mixed-effects logistic multivariable model was employed to investigate associations between these variables and low HRQoL. RESULTS Of 584 women initially recruited, 429, 343 and 303 completed questionnaires at 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively. The mean overall HRQoL score for the sample across all time points was 0.90 (SD 0.16). Approximately 18% of women experienced low HRQoL at each of the three time points. In multivariable testing, over the entire 12-month follow-up period, non-Irish nationals (OR 8.99, 95% CI 2.35-34.43) and women with high-grade referral cytology (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.08-7.13) were at higher odds of low HRQoL. Women who were past (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.58) or never (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.16-1.12) smokers were at lower odds of low HRQoL than current smokers. As women's satisfaction with their healthcare increased their odds of experiencing low HRQoL fell (OR per unit increase 0.51, 95% CI 0.34-0.75). CONCLUSIONS Women's HRQoL did not change over the 12 months post colposcopy, but some subgroups of women were at higher risk of experiencing low HRQoL. These subgroups may benefit from additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O'Connor
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, 4th Floor, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - K O'Brien
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - J O'Leary
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Martin
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T D'Arcy
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Flannelly
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J McRae
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - W Prendiville
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Ruttle
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C White
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Pilkington
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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15
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O'Brien K, Ikram S, Burman M, Kunst H. Barriers and facilitators of a latent tuberculosis screening and treatment programme of recent migrants. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Gunn C, O'Brien K, Fosså K, Tonkopi E, Lanca L, Martins CT, Muller H, Friedrich-Nel H, Abdolell M, Johansen S. A multi institutional comparison of imaging dose and technique protocols for neonatal chest radiography. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:e66-e72. [PMID: 32052771 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The focus on paediatric radiation dose reduction supports reevaluation of paediatric imaging protocols. This is particularly important in the neonates where chest radiographs are frequently requested to assess respiratory illness and line placement. This study aims to assess the impact of neonatal chest radiographic protocols on patient dose in four hospitals in different countries. METHODS Exposure parameters, collimation, focus to skin distance (FSD) and radiation dose from 200 neonatal chest radiographs were registered prospectively. Inclusion criteria consisted of both premature and full-term neonates weighing between 1000 and 5000 g. Only data from the examinations meeting diagnostic criteria and approved for the clinical use were included. Radiation dose was assessed using dose area product (DAP). RESULTS The lowest DAP value (4.58 mGy cm2) was recorded in the Norwegian hospital, employing a high kVp, low mAs protocol using a DR system. The Canadian hospital recorded the highest DAP (9.48), using lower kVp and higher mAs with a CR system, including the addition of a lateral projection. The difference in the mean DAP, weight, field of view (FOV) and kVp between the hospitals is statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Use of non-standardised imaging protocols in neonatal chest radiography results in differences in patient dose across hospitals included in the study. Using higher kVp, lower mAs and reducing the number of lateral projections to clinically relevant indications result in a lower DAP measured in the infant sample studied. Further studies to examine image quality based on exposure factors and added filtration are recommended. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Reevaluation of paediatric imaging protocols presents an opportunity to reduce patient dose in a population with increased sensitivity to ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gunn
- School of Health Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - K O'Brien
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; IWK Health Centre, Diagnostic Imaging, Halifax, Canada
| | - K Fosså
- Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - E Tonkopi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - L Lanca
- ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Instituto Poliecnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Singapore Institute of Technology, Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore
| | - C T Martins
- ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Instituto Poliecnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria (HSM) Radiology Department, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Muller
- Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, South Africa; Department of Clinical Imaging Sciences, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - H Friedrich-Nel
- Department of Clinical Imaging Sciences, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - M Abdolell
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - S Johansen
- Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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17
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Zhu A, Huo R, Malik A, Foroutan F, Rigobon A, Chang D, Liu H, Vargas JD, O'Brien K, Stein M, Ng N, Borgo A, Siemieniuk R, Sekercioglu N, Evaniew N, Ross H, Alba A. PREDICTING MORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATION IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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18
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Buchan T, Ching C, Malik A, Lu Y, Lau K, Foroutan F, Liu H, O'Brien K, Stein M, Rigobon A, Chang D, Vargas JD, Ng N, Borgo A, Siemieniuk R, Sekercioglu N, Evaniew N, Ross H, Alba A. NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES AS PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY IN ADULT AMBULATORY HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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19
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Lau K, Malik A, Foroutan F, Ching C, Lu Y, Buchan T, Liu H, Kim H, Qiao A, Tan C, Leda M, Wang J, O'Brien K, Stein M, Elmslie C, Rigobon A, Chang D, Vargas JD, Ng N, Borgo A, Siemieniuk R, Sekercioglu N, Evaniew N, Ross H, Alba A. RESTING HEART RATE AS A PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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20
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Murthy S, O'Brien K, Agbor A, Angedakin S, Arandjelovic M, Ayimisin EA, Bailey E, Bergl RA, Brazzola G, Dieguez P, Eno-Nku M, Eshuis H, Fruth B, Gillespie TR, Ginath Y, Gray M, Herbinger I, Jones S, Kehoe L, Kühl H, Kujirakwinja D, Lee K, Madinda NF, Mitamba G, Muhindo E, Nishuli R, Ormsby LJ, Petrzelkova KJ, Plumptre AJ, Robbins MM, Sommer V, Ter Heegde M, Todd A, Tokunda R, Wessling E, Jarvis MA, Leendertz FH, Ehlers B, Calvignac-Spencer S. Cytomegalovirus distribution and evolution in hominines. Virus Evol 2019; 5:vez015. [PMID: 31384482 PMCID: PMC6671425 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are thought to have evolved in very close association with their hosts. This is notably the case for cytomegaloviruses (CMVs; genus Cytomegalovirus) infecting primates, which exhibit a strong signal of co-divergence with their hosts. Some herpesviruses are however known to have crossed species barriers. Based on a limited sampling of CMV diversity in the hominine (African great ape and human) lineage, we hypothesized that chimpanzees and gorillas might have mutually exchanged CMVs in the past. Here, we performed a comprehensive molecular screening of all 9 African great ape species/subspecies, using 675 fecal samples collected from wild animals. We identified CMVs in eight species/subspecies, notably generating the first CMV sequences from bonobos. We used this extended dataset to test competing hypotheses with various degrees of co-divergence/number of host switches while simultaneously estimating the dates of these events in a Bayesian framework. The model best supported by the data involved the transmission of a gorilla CMV to the panine (chimpanzee and bonobo) lineage and the transmission of a panine CMV to the gorilla lineage prior to the divergence of chimpanzees and bonobos, more than 800,000 years ago. Panine CMVs then co-diverged with their hosts. These results add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that viruses with a double-stranded DNA genome (including other herpesviruses, adenoviruses, and papillomaviruses) often jumped between hominine lineages over the last few million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripriya Murthy
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses Affecting Immune-Compromised Patients" Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Anthony Agbor
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany.,African Parks Network, Lonehill, Republic of South Africa
| | - Samuel Angedakin
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Emma Bailey
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gregory Brazzola
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paula Dieguez
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Henk Eshuis
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Fruth
- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Sciences and hPsychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas R Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Program in Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolutionary Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Yisa Ginath
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryke Gray
- International Gorilla Conservation Programme, Kigali, Rwanda.,Batavia Coast Maritime Institute, Geraldton, WA, Australia
| | | | - Sorrel Jones
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany.,Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Laura Kehoe
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF), Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hjalmar Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kevin Lee
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany.,School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Nadège F Madinda
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany.,Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Radar Nishuli
- Réserve de Faune à Okapis, Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Lucy J Ormsby
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klara J Petrzelkova
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Plumptre
- Wildlife Conservation Society, NY, USA.,KBA Secretariat, c/o BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.,Zoology Department, Conservation Science Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martha M Robbins
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Sommer
- Gashaka Primate Project, Nigeria c/o Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martijn Ter Heegde
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelique Todd
- Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, WWF Central African Republic, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Raymond Tokunda
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Erin Wessling
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA), Leipzig, Germany.,Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, WWF Central African Republic, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses Affecting Immune-Compromised Patients" Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Viral Evolution, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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O'Brien K, SARAVANABAVAN S, Zhang J, Wong A, Luciuk M, Burgess J, Rangan G. SAT-126 PROGRESSION OF RENAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES AND THE EFFECT OF SIROLIMUS ON ANGIOGENESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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22
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O'Brien K, Owen E, Margetts R, Kavaliunaite E, Creedon M. P340 The impact at 5-year follow up of gastrostomy tube placement on spirometry and BMI z-score in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Stewart L, Smoak P, Hydock D, Hayward R, O'Brien K, Lisano J, Boeneke C, Christensen M, Mathias A. Milk and kefir maintain aspects of health during doxorubicin treatment in rats. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:1910-1917. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Patients with factitious disorder typically present with signs or symptoms suggesting a medical problem, but which transpire to be self-induced or fabricated. Repeated investigations and treatments are often carried out to no avail before this possibility is considered. In this case, a 51-year-old female presented to the oral and maxillofacial surgery unit with toothache and a facial rash. Following admission to hospital a range of investigations were performed, and a tooth was extracted. Judicious attention by nursing staff led to the discovery that the patient had been applying make-up to mimic a skin rash. This concern was raised with the patient and she admitted falsifying the rash. Although this patient may have been experiencing pain, by applying make-up in this manner she sought to exaggerate the severity of her condition and as a result underwent potentially unnecessary procedures. This case provides a reminder that the possibility of factitious disorder should be considered in cases where patients present with symptoms or signs which appear fabricated or self-inflicted, defy anatomical or physiological principles, or do not correlate with the history. Thorough history taking is essential, and access to electronic care records may be informative. Psychiatric follow-up is recommended, but not all patients are willing to engage with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rice
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Northern Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Northern Ireland
| | - M Chew
- Department of Old-age Psychiatry, Knockbracken Healthcare Park, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - E Qudairat
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Northern Ireland
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25
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Hamilton-Craig C, Staeb D, O'Brien K, Galloway G, Barth M. 11637-Tesla Cardiac MRI for Ventricular and Valvular quantitation in healthy volunteers. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Staeb
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K O'Brien
- Siemens Healthineers, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Galloway
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Barth
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Harris M, Brathwaite R, McGowan CR, Ciccarone D, Gilchrist G, McCusker M, O'Brien K, Dunn J, Scott J, Hope V. 'Care and Prevent': rationale for investigating skin and soft tissue infections and AA amyloidosis among people who inject drugs in London. Harm Reduct J 2018; 15:23. [PMID: 29739408 PMCID: PMC5941602 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-018-0233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID). International data indicate up to one third of PWID have experienced an SSTI within the past month. Complications include sepsis, endocarditis and amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis. AA amyloidosis is a serious sequela of chronic SSTI among PWID. Though there is a paucity of literature reporting on AA amyloidosis among PWID, what has been published suggests there is likely a causal relationship between AA amyloidosis and injecting-related SSTI. If left untreated, AA amyloidosis can lead to renal failure; premature mortality among diagnosed PWID is high. Early intervention may reverse disease. Despite the high societal and individual burden of SSTI among PWID, empirical evidence on the barriers and facilitators to injecting-related SSTI prevention and care or the feasibility and acceptability of AA amyloidosis screening and treatment referral are limited. This study aims to fill these gaps and assess the prevalence of AA amyloidosis among PWID. METHODS Care and Prevent is a UK National Institute for Health Research-funded mixed-methods study. In five phases (P1-P5), we aim to assess the evidence for AA amyloidosis among PWID (P1); assess the feasibility of AA amyloidosis screening, diagnostic and treatment referral among PWID in London (P2); investigate the barriers and facilitators to AA amyloidosis care (P3); explore SSTI protection and risk (P4); and co-create harm reduction resources with the affected community (P5). This paper describes the conceptual framework, methodological design and proposed analysis for the mixed-methods multi-phase study. RESULTS We are implementing the Care and Prevent protocol in London. The systematic review component of the study has been completed and published. Care and Prevent will generate an estimate of AA amyloidosis prevalence among community recruited PWID in London, with implications for the development of screening recommendations and intervention implementation. We aim to recruit 400 PWID from drug treatment services in London, UK. CONCLUSIONS Care and Prevent is the first study to assess screening feasibility and the prevalence of positive proteinuria, as a marker for AA amyloidosis, among PWID accessing drug treatment services. AA amyloidosis is a serious, yet under-recognised condition for which early intervention is available but not employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harris
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society London, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - R Brathwaite
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society London, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Catherine R McGowan
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society London, School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.,Humanitarian Public Health Technical Unit, Save the Children UK, London, UK
| | - D Ciccarone
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Franciso, CA, 94143, USA
| | - G Gilchrist
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, National Addiction Centre, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London, SE5 8BB, UK
| | - M McCusker
- Lambeth Service Users Forum, Lorraine Hewitt House, Brighton Terrace, London, SW9 8DG, UK
| | - K O'Brien
- Camden Drug Services, The Margarete Centre, 108 Hampstead Road, London, NW1 2LS, UK
| | - J Dunn
- Camden Drug Services, The Margarete Centre, 108 Hampstead Road, London, NW1 2LS, UK
| | - J Scott
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - V Hope
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 79 Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2ER, UK
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Terrell K, Freeman PA, Parmentier J, Kastigar M, LeGette T, O'Brien K, Spoljaric D. Survivorship Care Plans for the Stem Cell Transplant Survivor: Development and Implementation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.12.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hay AD, Birnie K, Busby J, Delaney B, Downing H, Dudley J, Durbaba S, Fletcher M, Harman K, Hollingworth W, Hood K, Howe R, Lawton M, Lisles C, Little P, MacGowan A, O'Brien K, Pickles T, Rumsby K, Sterne JA, Thomas-Jones E, van der Voort J, Waldron CA, Whiting P, Wootton M, Butler CC. The Diagnosis of Urinary Tract infection in Young children (DUTY): a diagnostic prospective observational study to derive and validate a clinical algorithm for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in children presenting to primary care with an acute illness. Health Technol Assess 2018; 20:1-294. [PMID: 27401902 DOI: 10.3310/hta20510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not clear which young children presenting acutely unwell to primary care should be investigated for urinary tract infection (UTI) and whether or not dipstick testing should be used to inform antibiotic treatment. OBJECTIVES To develop algorithms to accurately identify pre-school children in whom urine should be obtained; assess whether or not dipstick urinalysis provides additional diagnostic information; and model algorithm cost-effectiveness. DESIGN Multicentre, prospective diagnostic cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Children < 5 years old presenting to primary care with an acute illness and/or new urinary symptoms. METHODS One hundred and seven clinical characteristics (index tests) were recorded from the child's past medical history, symptoms, physical examination signs and urine dipstick test. Prior to dipstick results clinician opinion of UTI likelihood ('clinical diagnosis') and urine sampling and treatment intentions ('clinical judgement') were recorded. All index tests were measured blind to the reference standard, defined as a pure or predominant uropathogen cultured at ≥ 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml in a single research laboratory. Urine was collected by clean catch (preferred) or nappy pad. Index tests were sequentially evaluated in two groups, stratified by urine collection method: parent-reported symptoms with clinician-reported signs, and urine dipstick results. Diagnostic accuracy was quantified using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and bootstrap-validated AUROC, and compared with the 'clinician diagnosis' AUROC. Decision-analytic models were used to identify optimal urine sampling strategy compared with 'clinical judgement'. RESULTS A total of 7163 children were recruited, of whom 50% were female and 49% were < 2 years old. Culture results were available for 5017 (70%); 2740 children provided clean-catch samples, 94% of whom were ≥ 2 years old, with 2.2% meeting the UTI definition. Among these, 'clinical diagnosis' correctly identified 46.6% of positive cultures, with 94.7% specificity and an AUROC of 0.77 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.83). Four symptoms, three signs and three dipstick results were independently associated with UTI with an AUROC (95% CI; bootstrap-validated AUROC) of 0.89 (0.85 to 0.95; validated 0.88) for symptoms and signs, increasing to 0.93 (0.90 to 0.97; validated 0.90) with dipstick results. Nappy pad samples were provided from the other 2277 children, of whom 82% were < 2 years old and 1.3% met the UTI definition. 'Clinical diagnosis' correctly identified 13.3% positive cultures, with 98.5% specificity and an AUROC of 0.63 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.72). Four symptoms and two dipstick results were independently associated with UTI, with an AUROC of 0.81 (0.72 to 0.90; validated 0.78) for symptoms, increasing to 0.87 (0.80 to 0.94; validated 0.82) with the dipstick findings. A high specificity threshold for the clean-catch model was more accurate and less costly than, and as effective as, clinical judgement. The additional diagnostic utility of dipstick testing was offset by its costs. The cost-effectiveness of the nappy pad model was not clear-cut. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should prioritise the use of clean-catch sampling as symptoms and signs can cost-effectively improve the identification of UTI in young children where clean catch is possible. Dipstick testing can improve targeting of antibiotic treatment, but at a higher cost than waiting for a laboratory result. Future research is needed to distinguish pathogens from contaminants, assess the impact of the clean-catch algorithm on patient outcomes, and the cost-effectiveness of presumptive versus dipstick versus laboratory-guided antibiotic treatment. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair D Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School of Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Birnie
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John Busby
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brendan Delaney
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harriet Downing
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School of Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jan Dudley
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Stevo Durbaba
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret Fletcher
- Centre for Health and Clinical Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.,South West Medicines for Children Local Research Network, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Kim Harman
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School of Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Kerenza Hood
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology and Engagement, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robin Howe
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael Lawton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Catherine Lisles
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology and Engagement, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Kathryn O'Brien
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy Pickles
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology and Engagement, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate Rumsby
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan Ac Sterne
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Thomas-Jones
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology and Engagement, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Judith van der Voort
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Cherry-Ann Waldron
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Institute for Translation, Innovation, Methodology and Engagement, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Penny Whiting
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christopher C Butler
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Witz C, Doody K, Park J, Seifu Y, O'Brien K, Yankov V, Heiser P. Highly purified human menotropin (HP-HMG) versus recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (RFSH) in high responders undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF): MEGASET-HR trial outcomes. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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O'Connor M, O'Brien K, Waller J, Gallagher P, D'Arcy T, Flannelly G, Martin CM, McRae J, Prendiville W, Ruttle C, White C, Pilkington L, O'Leary JJ, Sharp L. Physical after-effects of colposcopy and related procedures, and their inter-relationship with psychological distress: a longitudinal survey. BJOG 2017; 124:1402-1410. [PMID: 28374937 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence of post-colposcopy physical after-effects and investigate associations between these and subsequent psychological distress. DESIGN Longitudinal survey. SETTING Two hospital-based colposcopy clinics. POPULATION Women with abnormal cytology who underwent colposcopy (±related procedures). METHODS Questionnaires were mailed to women 4, 8 and 12 months post-colposcopy. Details of physical after-effects (pain, bleeding and discharge) experienced post-colposcopy were collected at 4 months. Colposcopy-specific distress was measured using the Process Outcome-Specific Measure at all time-points. Linear mixed-effects regression was used to identify associations between physical after-effects and distress over 12 months, adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of post-colposcopy physical after-effects. Associations between the presence of any physical after-effects, awareness of after-effects, and number of after-effects and distress. RESULTS Five-hundred and eighty-four women were recruited (response rate = 73, 59 and 52% at 4, 8 and 12 months, respectively). Eighty-two percent of women reported one or more physical after-effect(s). Multiple physical after-effects were common (two after-effects = 25%; three after-effects = 25%). Psychological distress scores declined significantly over time. In adjusted analyses, women who experienced all three physical after-effects had on average a 4.58 (95% CI: 1.10-8.05) higher distress scored than those who experienced no after-effects. Women who were unaware of the possibility of experiencing after-effects scored significantly higher for distress during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of physical after-effects of colposcopy and related procedures is high. The novel findings of inter-relationships between awareness of the possibility of after-effects and experiencing multiple after-effects, and post-colposcopy distress may be relevant to the development of interventions to alleviate post-colposcopy distress. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Experiencing multiple physical after-effects of colposcopy is associated with psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O'Connor
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - J Waller
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Gallagher
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T D'Arcy
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - G Flannelly
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C M Martin
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - J McRae
- National Cancer Registry Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - W Prendiville
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - C Ruttle
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - C White
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - L Pilkington
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - J J O'Leary
- Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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O'Brien K, Boeneke C, Prinyawiwatkul W, Lisano J, Shackelford D, Reeves K, Christensen M, Hayward R, Ordonez KC, Stewart L. Short communication: Sensory analysis of a kefir product designed for active cancer survivors. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4349-4353. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- K. O'Brien
- Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York
| | - S. Samson
- Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York
| | - R. Sanna
- Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York
| | - J. E. McLaughlin
- Health and Safety Laboratory, New York Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, New York, New York
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Nelson C, O'Brien K, Mendizabal A, Gersten I, Uhl L, Chung D, Shah N, Avigan D, Pasquini M. Development and management of a multi-center, center-specific cellular therapy manufacturing approach: The experience of the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) Protocol #1401. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tsichlaki A, O'Brien K, Johal A, Fleming PS. A scoping review of outcomes related to orthodontic treatment measured in cleft lip and palate. Orthod Craniofac Res 2017; 20:55-64. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Tsichlaki
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - K. O'Brien
- School of Dentistry; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - A. Johal
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - P. S. Fleming
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
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35
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Zou M, Bhatia A, Dong H, Jayaprakash P, Guo J, Sahu D, Hou Y, Tsen F, Tong C, O'Brien K, Situ AJ, Schmidt T, Chen M, Ying Q, Ulmer TS, Woodley DT, Li W. Evolutionarily conserved dual lysine motif determines the non-chaperone function of secreted Hsp90alpha in tumour progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:2160-2171. [PMID: 27721406 PMCID: PMC5386837 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both intracellular and extracellular heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) family proteins (α and β) have been shown to support tumour progression. The tumour-supporting activity of the intracellular Hsp90 is attributed to their N-terminal ATPase-driven chaperone function. What molecular entity determines the extracellular function of secreted Hsp90 and the distinction between Hsp90α and Hsp90β was unclear. Here we demonstrate that CRISPR/Case9 knocking out Hsp90α nullifies tumour cells' ability to migrate, invade and metastasize without affecting the cell survival and growth. Knocking out Hsp90β leads to tumour cell death. Extracellular supplementation with recombinant Hsp90α, but not Hsp90β, protein recovers tumourigenicity of the Hsp90α-knockout cells. Sequential mutagenesis identifies two evolutionarily conserved lysine residues, lys-270 and lys-277, in the Hsp90α subfamily that determine the extracellular Hsp90α function. Hsp90β subfamily lacks the dual lysine motif and the extracellular function. Substitutions of gly-262 and thr-269 in Hsp90β with lysines convert Hsp90β to a Hsp90α-like protein. Newly constructed monoclonal antibody, 1G6-D7, against the dual lysine region of secreted Hsp90α inhibits both de novo tumour formation and expansion of already formed tumours in mice. This study suggests an alternative therapeutic approach to target Hsp90 in cancer, that is, the tumour-secreted Hsp90α, instead of the intracellular Hsp90α and Hsp90β.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zou
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Bhatia
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Dong
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Jayaprakash
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Guo
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Sahu
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Tsen
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Tong
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A J Situ
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Chen
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Q Ying
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T S Ulmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Research, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Schofield T, Foroutan F, Ryoo S, O'Brien K, Alba A, Hussain S, Rao V, Ross H, Billia F. Association of Body Mass Index and Age on Risk of Driveline Infection Post Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hollingworth W, Busby J, Butler CC, O'Brien K, Sterne JAC, Hood K, Little P, Lawton M, Birnie K, Thomas-Jones E, Harman K, Hay AD. The Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection in Young Children (DUTY) Study Clinical Rule: Economic Evaluation. Value Health 2017; 20:556-566. [PMID: 28407997 PMCID: PMC5406157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost-effectiveness of a two-step clinical rule using symptoms, signs and dipstick testing to guide the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in acutely unwell young children presenting to primary care. METHODS Decision analytic model synthesising data from a multicentre, prospective cohort study (DUTY) and the wider literature to estimate the short-term and lifetime costs and healthcare outcomes (symptomatic days, recurrent UTI, quality adjusted life years) of eight diagnostic strategies. We compared GP clinical judgement with three strategies based on a 'coefficient score' combining seven symptoms and signs independently associated with UTI and four strategies based on weighted scores according to the presence/absence of five symptoms and signs. We compared dipstick testing versus laboratory culture in children at intermediate risk of UTI. RESULTS Sampling, culture and antibiotic costs were lowest in high-specificity DUTY strategies (£1.22 and £1.08) compared to clinical judgement (£1.99). These strategies also approximately halved urine sampling (4.8% versus 9.1% in clinical judgement) without reducing sensitivity (58.2% versus 56.4%). Outcomes were very similar across all diagnostic strategies. High-specificity DUTY strategies were more cost-effective than clinical judgement in the short- (iNMB = £0.78 and £0.84) and long-term (iNMB =£2.31 and £2.50). Dipstick tests had poorer cost-effectiveness than laboratory culture in children at intermediate risk of UTI (iNMB = £-1.41). CONCLUSIONS Compared to GPs' clinical judgement, high specificity clinical rules from the DUTY study could substantially reduce urine sampling, achieving lower costs and equivalent patient outcomes. Dipstick testing children for UTI is not cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Busby
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher C Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kerenza Hood
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU Centre for Trials Research), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael Lawton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Birnie
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Thomas-Jones
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU Centre for Trials Research), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kim Harman
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alastair D Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, NIHR School of Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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38
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Balfe M, Keohane K, O'Brien K, Sharp L. Social networks, social support and social negativity: A qualitative study of head and neck cancer caregivers' experiences. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 28004448 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a serious form of cancer that can generate substantial physical and psychosocial morbidity. Informal caregivers can help patients to manage head and neck cancer and its emotional impacts, both during and after treatment. Caregivers, however, can experience considerable stress as a result of their caring activities. Supportive relationships can protect caregivers from psychosocial strain. Thirty-one head and neck cancer caregivers were interviewed about their experiences of accessing social support from their social networks; difficulties that they experienced accessing this support; and strategies that they used to address these difficulties. Results suggest that head and neck cancer caregivers strongly value social support, but can find it difficult to obtain, and a number of them experience socially negative responses from their networks. Some carers attempt to answer or supplement support deficiencies by turning to non-human coping supports, such as pets, spiritual figures or medication. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balfe
- Department of Sociology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - K Keohane
- Department of Sociology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- National Cancer Registry of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - L Sharp
- Newcastle University, New Castle upon Tyne, UK
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Payne K, Davison N, Thompson AJ, O'Brien K, Bruce IA. Use of a structured elicitation exercise to estimate the prevalence of OME in children with cleft palate. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:904-907. [PMID: 27743503 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Payne
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N Davison
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A J Thompson
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K O'Brien
- School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I A Bruce
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Puhl RM, Latner JD, O'Brien K, Luedicke J, Forhan M, Danielsdottir S. Cross-national perspectives about weight-based bullying in youth: nature, extent and remedies. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:241-50. [PMID: 26149218 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No cross-national studies have examined public perceptions about weight-based bullying in youth. OBJECTIVES To conduct a multinational examination of public views about (i) the prevalence/seriousness of weight-based bullying in youth; (ii) the role of parents, educators, health providers and government in addressing this problem and (iii) implementing policy actions to reduce weight-based bullying. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of adults in the United States, Canada, Iceland and Australia (N = 2866). RESULTS Across all countries, weight-based bullying was identified as the most prevalent reason for youth bullying, by a substantial margin over other forms of bullying (race/ethnicity, sexual orientation and religion). Participants viewed parents and teachers as playing major roles in efforts to reduce weight-based bullying. Most participants across countries (77-94%) viewed healthcare providers to be important intervention agents. Participants (65-87%) supported government augmentation of anti-bullying laws to include prohibiting weight-based bullying. Women expressed higher agreement for policy actions than men, with no associations found for participants' race/ethnicity or weight. Causal beliefs about obesity were associated with policy support across countries. CONCLUSIONS Across countries, strong recognition exists of weight-based bullying and the need to address it. These findings may inform policy-level actions and clinical practices concerning youth vulnerable to weight-based bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Puhl
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - J D Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - K O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Luedicke
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - M Forhan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Danielsdottir
- Division of Health Determinants, Directorate of Health, Reykjavik, Iceland
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41
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Yu GZ, Aye CYL, Lewandowski AJ, Davis EF, Khoo CP, Newton L, Yang CT, Al Haj Zen A, Simpson LJ, O'Brien K, Cook DA, Granne I, Kyriakou T, Channon KM, Watt SM, Leeson P. Association of Maternal Antiangiogenic Profile at Birth With Early Postnatal Loss of Microvascular Density in Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancies. Hypertension 2016; 68:749-59. [PMID: 27456522 PMCID: PMC4978605 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Offspring of hypertensive pregnancies are more likely to have microvascular rarefaction and increased blood pressure in later life. We tested the hypothesis that maternal angiogenic profile during a hypertensive pregnancy is associated with fetal vasculogenic capacity and abnormal postnatal microvascular remodeling. Infants (n=255) born after either hypertensive or normotensive pregnancies were recruited for quantification of postnatal dermal microvascular structure at birth and 3 months of age. Vasculogenic cell potential was assessed in umbilical vein endothelial cells from 55 offspring based on in vitro microvessel tube formation and proliferation assays. Maternal angiogenic profile (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, soluble endoglin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and placental growth factor) was measured from postpartum plasma samples to characterize severity of pregnancy disorder. At birth, offspring born after hypertensive pregnancy had similar microvessel density to those born after a normotensive pregnancy, but during the first 3 postnatal months, they had an almost 2-fold greater reduction in total vessel density (-17.7±16.4% versus -9.9±18.7%; P=0.002). This postnatal loss varied according to the vasculogenic capacity of the endothelial cells of the infant at birth (r=0.49; P=0.02). The degree of reduction in both in vitro and postnatal in vivo vascular development was proportional to levels of antiangiogenic factors in the maternal circulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that offspring born to hypertensive pregnancies have reduced vasculogenic capacity at birth that predicts microvessel density loss over the first 3 postnatal months. Degree of postnatal microvessel reduction is proportional to levels of antiangiogenic factors in the maternal circulation at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Z Yu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Christina Y L Aye
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Esther F Davis
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Cheen P Khoo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Laura Newton
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Cheng T Yang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Lisa J Simpson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - David A Cook
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Ingrid Granne
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Theodosios Kyriakou
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Keith M Channon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Suzanne M Watt
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.)
| | - Paul Leeson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (G.Z.Y., C.Y.L.A., A.J.L., E.F.D., L.N., A.A.H.Z., L.J.S., K.O'B., T.K., K.M.C., P.L.), Stem Cell Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and National Health Service Blood and Transplant (G.Z.Y., C.P.K., L.N., C.T.Y., L.J.S., D.A.C., S.M.W.), Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Sciences Division (C.Y.L.A., I.G.), and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (A.A.H.Z., T.K.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, United Kingdom (K.O'B.).
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Hay AD, Sterne JAC, Hood K, Little P, Delaney B, Hollingworth W, Wootton M, Howe R, MacGowan A, Lawton M, Busby J, Pickles T, Birnie K, O'Brien K, Waldron CA, Dudley J, Van Der Voort J, Downing H, Thomas-Jones E, Harman K, Lisles C, Rumsby K, Durbaba S, Whiting P, Butler CC. Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Young Children in Primary Care: Results from the DUTY Prospective Diagnostic Cohort Study. Ann Fam Med 2016; 14:325-36. [PMID: 27401420 PMCID: PMC4940462 DOI: 10.1370/afm.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Up to 50% of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young children are missed in primary care. Urine culture is essential for diagnosis, but urine collection is often difficult. Our aim was to derive and internally validate a 2-step clinical rule using (1) symptoms and signs to select children for urine collection; and (2) symptoms, signs, and dipstick testing to guide antibiotic treatment. METHODS We recruited acutely unwell children aged under 5 years from 233 primary care sites across England and Wales. Index tests were parent-reported symptoms, clinician-reported signs, urine dipstick results, and clinician opinion of UTI likelihood (clinical diagnosis before dipstick and culture). The reference standard was microbiologically confirmed UTI cultured from a clean-catch urine sample. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve of coefficient-based (graded severity) and points-based (dichotomized) symptom/sign logistic regression models, and we then internally validated the AUROC using bootstrapping. RESULTS Three thousand thirty-six children provided urine samples, and culture results were available for 2,740 (90%). Of these results, 60 (2.2%) were positive: the clinical diagnosis was 46.6% sensitive, with an AUROC of 0.77. Previous UTI, increasing pain/crying on passing urine, increasingly smelly urine, absence of severe cough, increasing clinician impression of severe illness, abdominal tenderness on examination, and normal findings on ear examination were associated with UTI. The validated coefficient- and points-based model AUROCs were 0.87 and 0.86, respectively, increasing to 0.90 and 0.90, respectively, by adding dipstick nitrites, leukocytes, and blood. CONCLUSIONS A clinical rule based on symptoms and signs is superior to clinician diagnosis and performs well for identifying young children for noninvasive urine sampling. Dipstick results add further diagnostic value for empiric antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair D Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A C Sterne
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kerenza Hood
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care and Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Delaney
- Guys' and St Thomas' Charity Chair in Primary Care Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Hollingworth
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Howe
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair MacGowan
- North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lawton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John Busby
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Pickles
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Birnie
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cherry-Ann Waldron
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Dudley
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Van Der Voort
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Downing
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Thomas-Jones
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Harman
- Primary Care and Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Lisles
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Rumsby
- Primary Care and Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stevo Durbaba
- King's College London, Division of Health and Social Care Research, Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Whiting
- NIHR CLAHRC West, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher C Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, New Radcliffe House, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford, United Kingdom, and General Practitioner, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Wales, United Kingdom
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Tonkopi E, O'Brien K. MO-FG-CAMPUS-IeP1-03: Establishment of Provincial Diagnostic Reference Levels in Pediatric Imaging. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Butler CC, O'Brien K, Wootton M, Pickles T, Hood K, Howe R, Waldron CA, Thomas-Jones E, Dudley J, Van Der Voort J, Rumsby K, Little P, Downing H, Harman K, Hay AD. Empiric antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infection in preschool children: susceptibilities of urine sample isolates. Fam Pract 2016; 33:127-32. [PMID: 26984993 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic treatment recommendations based on susceptibility data from routinely submitted urine samples may be biased because of variation in sampling, laboratory procedures and inclusion of repeat samples, leading to uncertainty about empirical treatment. OBJECTIVE To describe and compare susceptibilities of Escherichia coli cultured from routinely submitted samples, with E. coli causing urinary tract infection (UTI) from a cohort of systematically sampled, acutely unwell children. METHODS Susceptibilities of 1458 E. coli isolates submitted during the course of routine primary care for children <5 years (routine care samples), compared to susceptibilities of 79 E. coli isolates causing UTI from 5107 children <5 years presenting to primary care with an acute illness [systematic sampling: the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract infection in Young children (DUTY) cohort]. RESULTS The percentage of E. coli sensitive to antibiotics cultured from routinely submitted samples were as follows: amoxicillin 45.1% (95% confidence interval: 42.5-47.7%); co-amoxiclav using the lower systemic break point (BP) 86.6% (84.7-88.3%); cephalexin 95.1% (93.9-96.1%); trimethoprim 74.0% (71.7-76.2%) and nitrofurantoin 98.2% (97.4-98.8%). The percentage of E. coli sensitive to antibiotics cultured from systematically sampled DUTY urines considered to be positive for UTI were as follows: amoxicillin 50.6% (39.8-61.4%); co-amoxiclav using the systemic BP 83.5% (73.9-90.1%); co-amoxiclav using the urinary BP 94.9% (87.7-98.4%); cephalexin 98.7% (93.2-99.8%); trimethoprim 70.9% (60.1-80.0%); nitrofurantoin 100% (95.3-100.0%) and ciprofloxacin 96.2% (89.4-98.7%). CONCLUSION Escherichia coli susceptibilities from routine and systematically obtained samples were similar. Most UTIs in preschool children remain susceptible to nitrofurantoin, co-amoxiclav and cephalexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Abercynon,
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS
| | - Mandy Wootton
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff
| | - Timothy Pickles
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff
| | - Kerenza Hood
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, 7th Floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS
| | - Robin Howe
- Specialist Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff
| | - Cherry-Ann Waldron
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, 7th Floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS
| | - Emma Thomas-Jones
- South East Wales Trials Unit (SEWTU), Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, 7th Floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS
| | - Jan Dudley
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol
| | - Judith Van Der Voort
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff
| | - Kate Rumsby
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton and
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton and
| | - Harriet Downing
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, NIHR School of Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kim Harman
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton and
| | - Alastair D Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, NIHR School of Primary Care Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Bhatia A, O'Brien K, Chen M, Woodley DT, Li W. Keratinocyte-Secreted Heat Shock Protein-90alpha: Leading Wound Reepithelialization and Closure. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:176-184. [PMID: 27076995 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Delayed and nonhealing wounds pose a health, economic, and social problem worldwide. For decades, the conventional wisdom pointed to growth factors as the driving force of wound healing and granted them a center stage for therapeutic development. To date, few have obtained US FDA approvals or shown clinical effectiveness and safety. Critical Issue: Wound closure is the initial and most critical step during wound healing. Closing chronic wounds to shut down continued infection is the primary and likely the only achievable goal at the clinic in the foreseeable future. The critical question here is to identify the factor(s) in wounded tissues that drives the initial wound closure. Recent Advances: We made an unexpected discovery of the secreted form of heat shock protein-90alpha (Hsp90α) for promoting skin cell motility, reepithelialization, and wound closure. Secreted Hsp90α possesses unique properties to remain functional under the hostile wound environment that compromises conventional growth factors' effectiveness. Through the common lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 cell surface receptor and activation of the Akt signaling pathway, topical application of human recombinant Hsp90α protein greatly accelerates excision, burn, and diabetic skin wound closure in rodent and porcine models. Future Directions: In almost all cells, the 2-3% of their total proteins (∼7,000 per cell) are Hsp90 (α and β), a long unraveled puzzle. Our new finding of Hsp90 secretion in wounded tissues suggests that the stockpile of Hsp90α by all cells is to rapidly supply the need for extracellular Hsp90α to repair damaged tissues. We propose that keratinocytes at the wound edge secrete Hsp90α that leads the reepithelialization process to close the wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Bhatia
- Department of Dermatology and USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathryn O'Brien
- Department of Dermatology and USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology and USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - David T. Woodley
- Department of Dermatology and USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Ronan S, Liberatos P, Weingarten S, Wells P, Garry J, O'Brien K, Parker-Bozzuto S, Schultz SL, Nevid T. Development of Home Educational Materials for Families of Preterm Infants. Neonatal Netw 2016; 34:102-12. [PMID: 26803091 DOI: 10.1891/0730-0832.34.2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parent educational materials describing infant positioning for a home program are vital in supplementing NICU discharge instructions and promoting parent confidence. PURPOSE To document the process of developing a brochure and DVD of a positioning program, using evidence-based practice and NICU expert feedback. METHODS A trifold brochure and companion DVD were developed to demonstrate infant positioning to parents of premature infants for a home developmental program following NICU discharge. A standard process of development was followed for the brochure and DVD script and production. The process included review and comment by eight NICU professionals and several revisions. RESULTS Content of the brochure and DVD and the process entailed in their development is described. Guidelines outlining the process for development of educational materials for families are provided. CONCLUSION Creation of multimedia educational materials for parents of infants who are NICU graduates requires a multistep process to ensure usefulness and validity.
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Diaz FJ, Hatakeyama T, Rho J, Wang Y, O'Brien K, Zhang X, Martijn de Sterke C, Kuhlmey BT, Palomba S. Sensitive method for measuring third order nonlinearities in compact dielectric and hybrid plasmonic waveguides. Opt Express 2016; 24:545-554. [PMID: 26832285 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a sensitive method for the nonlinear optical characterization of micrometer long waveguides, and apply it to typical silicon-on-insulator nanowires and to hybrid plasmonic waveguides. We demonstrate that our method can detect extremely small nonlinear phase shifts, as low as 7.5·10<(-4) rad. The high sensitivity achieved imparts an advantage when investigating the nonlinear behavior of metallic structures as their short propagation distances complicates the task for conventional methods. Our results constitute the first experimental observation of χ((3)) nonlinearities in the hybrid plasmonic platform and is important to test claims of hybrid plasmonic structures as candidates for efficient nonlinear optical devices.
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Gran B, Crooks J, Cook K, Hussein K, O'Brien K, Braitch M, Kareem H, Constantinescu C, Robinson K. Helicobacter pylori infection reduces disease severity in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Macklin C, O'Brien K, Hover D, Schwartz ME, Bolkhovsky V, Zhang X, Oliver WD, Siddiqi I. A near-quantum-limited Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier. Science 2015; 350:307-10. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Breugom A, Bastiaannet E, Boelens P, Van Eycken E, Vandendael T, Iversen L, O'Brien K, Martling A, Pahlman L, Liefers G, Rutten H, Lemmens V, Van de Velde C. 1323 Differences in proportion adjuvant chemotherapy are not associated with relative survival for stage II colon cancer patients aged 75 years and older - a EURECCA international comparison. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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