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Mounsey O, Wareham K, Hammond A, Findlay J, Gould VC, Morley K, Cogan TA, Turner KM, Avison MB, Reyher KK. Evidence that faecal carriage of resistant Escherichia coli by 16-week-old dogs in the United Kingdom is associated with raw feeding. One Health 2022; 14:100370. [PMID: 35146110 PMCID: PMC8802057 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a survey (August 2017 to March 2018) and risk factor analysis of faecal carriage of antibacterial-resistant (ABR) Escherichia coli in 223 16-week-old dogs in the United Kingdom. Raw feeding was associated with the presence of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) E. coli and those resistant to tetracycline, amoxicillin, and streptomycin, but not to cefalexin. Whole genome sequencing of 36 FQ-R E. coli isolates showed a wide range of sequence types (STs), with almost exclusively mutational FQ-R dominated by ST744 and ST162. Comparisons between E. coli isolates from puppies known to be located within a 50 × 50 km region with those isolated from human urinary tract infections (isolated in parallel in the same region) identified an ST744 FQ-R lineage that was carried by one puppy and caused one urinary tract infection. Accordingly, we conclude that raw feeding is associated with carriage of ABR E. coli in dogs even at 16 weeks of age and that bacteria carried by puppies are shared with humans. We therefore suggest that those who feed their dogs raw meat seriously consider the potential ABR-transmission threat their pet may become as a result and deploy appropriate hygiene practices in mitigation.
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Mounsey O, Schubert H, Findlay J, Morley K, Puddy EF, Gould VC, North P, Bowker KE, Williams OM, Williams PB, Barrett DC, Cogan TA, Turner KM, MacGowan AP, Reyher KK, Avison MB. Limited phylogenetic overlap between fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated on dairy farms and those causing bacteriuria in humans living in the same geographical region. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:3144-3150. [PMID: 34450630 PMCID: PMC8598280 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our primary aim was to test whether cattle-associated fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) Escherichia coli found on dairy farms are closely phylogenetically related to those causing bacteriuria in humans living in the same 50 × 50 km geographical region suggestive of farm-human sharing. Another aim was to identify risk factors for the presence of FQ-R E. coli on dairy farms. METHODS FQ-R E. coli were isolated during 2017-18 from 42 dairy farms and from community urine samples. Forty-two cattle and 489 human urinary isolates were subjected to WGS, allowing phylogenetic comparisons. Risk factors were identified using a Bayesian regularization approach. RESULTS Of 489 FQ-R human isolates, 255 were also third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant, with strong genetic linkage between aac(6')Ib-cr and blaCTX-M-15. We identified possible farm-human sharing for pairs of ST744 and ST162 isolates, but minimal core genome SNP distances were larger between farm-human pairs of ST744 and ST162 isolates (71 and 63 SNPs, respectively) than between pairs of isolates from different farms (7 and 3 SNPs, respectively). Total farm fluoroquinolone use showed a positive association with the odds of isolating FQ-R E. coli, while total dry cow therapy use showed a negative association. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that FQ-R E. coli found on dairy farms have a limited impact on community bacteriuria within the local human population. Reducing fluoroquinolone use may reduce the on-farm prevalence of FQ-R E. coli and this reduction may be greater when dry cow therapy is targeted to the ecology of resistant E. coli on the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mounsey
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah Schubert
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jacqueline Findlay
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katy Morley
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma F Puddy
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Virginia C Gould
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul North
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen E Bowker
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - O Martin Williams
- Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Philip B Williams
- Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - David C Barrett
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tristan A Cogan
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katy M Turner
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alasdair P MacGowan
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Sciences, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Matthew B Avison
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Hafycz J, Jacobs C, Perez C, Morley K, Melanson S, Stankewicz H. 243 Comparing Moods Amongst Emergency Medicine Residents Based on Shift Times and Rotation. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hafycz J, Perez C, Morley K, Melanson S, Stankewicz H. 246 Comparing Caffeine Usage and Sleep Amongst Emergency Medicine Residents Based on Shift Times. Ann Emerg Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.09.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Findlay J, Mounsey O, Lee WWY, Newbold N, Morley K, Schubert H, Gould VC, Cogan TA, Reyher KK, Avison MB. Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli Producing CTX-M and pAmpC β-Lactamases from Dairy Farms Identifies a Dominant Plasmid Encoding CTX-M-32 but No Evidence for Transmission to Humans in the Same Geographical Region. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:e01842-20. [PMID: 33067197 PMCID: PMC7755243 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01842-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Third-generation cephalosporin resistance (3GC-R) in Escherichia coli is a rising problem in human and farmed-animal populations. We conducted whole-genome sequencing analysis of 138 representative 3GC-R isolates previously collected from dairy farms in southwest England and confirmed by PCR to carry acquired 3GC-R genes. This analysis identified blaCTX-M (131 isolates encoding CTX-M-1, -14, -15, -and 32 and the novel variant CTX-M-214), blaCMY-2 (6 isolates), and blaDHA-1 (1 isolate). A highly conserved plasmid was identified in 73 isolates, representing 27 E. coli sequence types. This novel ∼220-kb IncHI2 plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-32 was sequenced to closure and designated pMOO-32. It was found experimentally to be stable in cattle and human transconjugant E. coli even in the absence of selective pressure and was found by multiplex PCR to be present on 26 study farms representing a remarkable range of transmission over 1,500 square kilometers. However, the plasmid was not found among human urinary E. coli isolates we recently characterized from people living in the same geographical location, collected in parallel with farm sampling. There were close relatives of two blaCTX-M plasmids circulating among eight human and two cattle isolates, and a closely related blaCMY-2 plasmid was found in one cattle and one human isolate. However, phylogenetic evidence of recent sharing of 3GC-R strains between farms and humans in the same region was not found.IMPORTANCE Third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) are critically important antibacterials, and 3GC resistance (3GC-R) threatens human health, particularly in the context of opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia coli There is some evidence for zoonotic transmission of 3GC-R E. coli through food, but little work has been done examining possible transmission via interaction of people with the local near-farm environment. We characterized acquired 3GC-R E. coli found on dairy farms in a geographically restricted region of the United Kingdom and compared these with E. coli from people living in the same region, collected in parallel. While there is strong evidence for recent farm-to-farm transmission of 3GC-R strains and plasmids-including one epidemic plasmid that has a remarkable capacity to be transmitted-there was no evidence that 3GC-R E. coli found on study farms had a significant impact on circulating 3GC-R E. coli strains or plasmids in the local human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Findlay
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Mounsey
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Winnie W Y Lee
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nerissa Newbold
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Morley
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Schubert
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia C Gould
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan A Cogan
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen K Reyher
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B Avison
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Ellis C, Morley K. The ERO Form: The European Retrieval of Organs Initiative to Standardise Essential Information. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Stygall G, Morley K, Pickup L, Oakes A, Antoine-Pitterson P, Chakraborty B, Mukherjee R. P73 Acute Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV)–related nasal bridge pressure ulceration: effect of a proactive prevention approach. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Champney F, Maddock L, Welford J, Kemp J, Allan V, Persidskikh Y, Orini M, Ang R, Workman A, Wong L, Honarbakhsh S, Leong K, Silberbauer J, O'Nunain S, Gomes J, McCready J, Bostock J, Shaw K, McKenna C, Bailey J, Honarbakhsh S, Casas J, Wallace J, Hunter R, Schilling R, Perel P, Morley K, Banerjee A, Hemingway H, Mrochak A, Ilyina T, Goncharik D, Chasnoits A, Plashinskaya L, Taggart P, Hayward M, Lambiase P, Hosford P, Kasparov S, Lambiase P, Tinker A, Gourine A, Kettlewell S, Dempster J, Colman M, Rankin A, Myles R, Smith G, Tester D, Jaye A, FitzPatrick D, Evans M, Fleming P, Jeffrey I, Cohen M, Simpson M, Ackerman M, Behr E, Srinivasan N, Kirkby C, Firman E, Tobin L, Murphy C, Lowe M, Hunter RJ, Finlay M, Schilling RJ, Lambiase PD, Ng F, Tomlinson L, Nuthoo S, Cajilog E, Lefroy D, Qureshi N, Koa-Wing M, Whinnett Z, Linton N, Davies D, Lim P, Peters N, Kanagaratnam P, Varnava A. ORAL ABSTRACTS (1)Allied Professionals7CRYOABLATION FOR PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION - IS AN EP LAB REQUIRED?8A PATHWAY TO SAFETY - ANTICOAGULATION COMPLIANCE IN CIED PATIENTS WITH AF9UNDERSTANDING THE WAYS IN WHICH OCCUPATION IS AFFECTED BY POSTURAL TACHYCARDIA SYNDROME: A UK OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PERSPECTIVE10DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERGRATED SUPPORT PATHWAY FOR PATIENTS FULFILLING NICE CRITERIA FOR AN INTERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR DEBRIBRILLATOR (ICD) IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL11ARE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND FIELD SYNOPSIS OF 23 FACTORS IN 32 INITIALLY HEALTHY COHORTS OF 20 MILLION PARTICIPANTS12BRAIN MRI FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION UNDERGOING CARDIOVERSIONBasic Science/Sudden Cardiac Death13PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE “RE-ENTRY VULNERABILITY INDEX” AS A MARKER OF CARDIAC INSTABILITY IN THE HUMAN HEART USING WHOLE-HEART CONTACT EPICARDIAL MAPPING14OPTOGENETIC STIMULATION OF BRAINSTEM'S VAGAL PREGANGLIONIC NEURONES IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE-DEPENDENT PROLONGATION OF VENTRICULAR EFFECTIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD15A DYNAMIC-CLAMP STUDY OF L-TYPE Ca2+ CURRENT IN RABBIT AND HUMAN ATRIAL MYOCYTES: THE CONTRIBUTION OF WINDOW ICaL TO EARLY AFTERDEPOLARISATIONS16WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING IN SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME17MEDIUM TERM SURVIVAL AND FAMILY SCREENING OUTCOMES IN AN IDIOPATHIC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION COHORT - A MULTICENTRE EXPERIENCE18CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCD SURVIVORS WITH BRUGADA SYNDROME:- ARE SPONSANEOUS TYPE I ECG AND PREVIOUS SYNCOPE REALLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH RISK? Europace 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Santana-Vaz N, Bwika J, Morley K, Mukherjee R. Motor neurone disease presenting as polycythaemia. Case Reports 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-203302. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-203302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lynch CA, O'Sullivan O, Santana-Vaz N, Morley K, Beauchamp B, Oakes A, Mukherjee R. P175 Home Mechanical Ventilation (HMV): an expanding service in acute hospitals. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ranasinghe A, Clark S, Corris P, Fisher A, Gould K, Hamilton L, Lordan J, Meachery G, Morley K, Parry G, Perry A, Pillay T, Schueler S, Tocewicz K, Dark J. Improving Outcomes in Lung Transplantation for Cystic Fibrosis – A Unified Approach. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Thakrar M, Morley K, Lordan J, Meachery G, Fisher A, Parry G, Corris P. Pregnancy after Lung Transplantation: A Single Center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Agarwal S, Beauchamp B, Chakraborty B, Morley K, Oakes A, Ejiofor S, Gallagher E, Mukherjee R. P220 Evolving Set-Up Practises at a Respiratory Ward-Based Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) Unit. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Burdett C, Butt T, Archer L, Morley K, Searl C, Corris P, Parry G, Gould F, Dark J. 135 Evolving Experience with Donor Lung Bronchoalveolar Lavage. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Maki J, Kusakul S, Morley K, Sanguansak T, Seddon J, Hartung L, Morley M. The effect of glasses on visual function following cataract surgery in a cataract camp. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:883-7. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.132423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McLaren M, Waring A, Galarraga B, Rudd A, Morley K, Belch JJF. Investigation of platelet glycoprotein IIIa polymorphism using flow cytometry in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2006; 34:437-40. [PMID: 16393764 DOI: 10.1080/03009740510026607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous work has shown that the human platelet antigen (HPA) 1b polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) is implicated in the development of ischaemic vascular disease. HPA1b positive platelets have a lower threshold for activation and may exert a greater thrombotic tendency than those without the 1b allele. However, platelets heterozygous for the polymorphism are also more sensitive to aspirin than those homozygous for the 1b allele, which have a similar sensitivity to those without the 1b allele. A flow cytometric method has become available to identify this polymorphism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of this assay in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to determine the incidence of the 1b allele in these patients. We also compared platelet aggregation and platelet/white blood cell interaction in patients with or without this polymorphism. METHODS We enrolled 99 patients and measured platelet aggregation in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma (prp), platelet/white blood cell interaction and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Thirty-four of the 99 patients were unsuitable for analysis because their baseline expression of GPIIIa was outwith the normal range, making the results outwith the limits of the flow cytometric method. The incidence of the 1b allele in the patients was 29%, with incidence being higher in females, although this failed to reach statistical significance. The number of circulating platelet aggregates and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation in prp was significantly higher in those patients with the 1b allele. CONCLUSIONS This method may be of use as an initial screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McLaren
- Vascular Diseases Research Unit, The Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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Abstract
This study assesses the effectiveness of a hypertension-screening programme in Independence, Belize. Forty-nine of the 101 patients screened were found to have elevated blood pressure readings and were advised to seek medical care. Four months later, interviews with 35 of the 49 patients from the hypertensive group revealed that 85.7% of the patients had sought medical care. Women, elderly patients and patients with a previous history of hypertension were more likely than men, younger patients and those without a history of hypertension to seek follow-up medical care. The screening programme successfully directed a high proportion of patients with elevated blood pressure to seek appropriate medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Q Chung
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
The photochemistry of the 2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl benzoates 6 and 7 was examined in order to compare them to previously studied 2-arylethyl 4-cyanobenzoates that underwent a Norrish Type II fragmentation. The 1-naphthyl group was incorporated to provide a fluorescent chromophore for probing the intramolecular electron transfer proposed previously for the mechanism. The naphthalene fluorescence was quenched for both 6 and 7 although at very different rates. For 6, with the higher thermodynamic driving force (-68.9 kJ/mol), intramolecular electron transfer was fast in all solvents, independent of their polarity (cyclohexane to methanol). For 7, with the lower driving force (-26.5 kJ/mol) the process was fast only in polar solvents. Exciplex emission, observed for 6 (but not for 7), exhibited a large solvatochromic effect possibly indicating a high dipole moment (28 D) in polar solvents (stretched conformation) but a lower one (17 D) in nonpolar solvents (folded conformation). Finally, the 4-cyanobenzoate 6 was very unreactive photochemically. In contrast, benzoate 7 underwent a 2 + 2 cycloaddition of the ester carbonyl to the naphthalene ring to give products 8 and 9, a process for which we have found no precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morley
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J3
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Guthri
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - K. Morley
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Shin Hasegawa
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gary D. Manner
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - T. Vandenberg
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710
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Ogle GD, Allen JR, Humphries IR, Lu PW, Briody JN, Morley K, Howman-Giles R, Cowell CT. Body-composition assessment by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in subjects aged 4-26 y. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61:746-53. [PMID: 7702015 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/61.4.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study describes the body composition of 265 normal subjects (137 males and 128 females) aged 4-26 y determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Lean tissue mass (LTM) and bone mineral content (BMC) increased with age in females until 13.4 and 15.7 y, respectively, and in males until 16.6 and 17.4 y, respectively. A strong relation between LTM and BMC was found for each sex (r = 0.98, P = 0.0001 for males; r = 0.98, P = 0.0001 for females). DXA percent body fat (%BFDXA) increased with age in females (r = 0.52, P < 0.001) but not in males and was higher in females than in males at all ages. Trunk to leg fat ratio (TLFR) was calculated as DXA trunk fat/leg fat. In post-pubertal age the TLFR was higher in males than in females (1.01 +/- 0.23 and 0.75 +/- 0.16, P = 0.001), but there was no sex difference in younger children. DXA weight underestimated scale weight by a mean of 0.83 kg. %BFDXA correlated with %BF by skinfold thickness measurement with good agreement for males but overestimated %BF by skinfold thickness for females. These normative data for body composition demonstrate significant sex differences in all body compartments after the pubertal years.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Ogle
- Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Knowledge of the natural history of different types of OI permits planning of rehabilitation goals for children with OI. Notwithstanding this knowledge, rehabilitation will need to be modified to accommodate unexpected fractures and the highly variable chance of deformity in each individual. Immobilisation should be minimized to avoid immobilization osteoporosis. New rehabilitation issues include basilar impression, recommencement of fractures in postmenopausal women with OI, pregnancy related bone loss and sleep apnoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Sillence
- Department of Genetics, The Children's Hospital, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
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Lu PW, Briody JN, Ogle GD, Morley K, Humphries IR, Allen J, Howman-Giles R, Sillence D, Cowell CT. Bone mineral density of total body, spine, and femoral neck in children and young adults: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9:1451-8. [PMID: 7817830 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650090918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) of total body (TBMD), lumbar spine (L2-4), and femoral neck was measured in 266 normal subjects (136 males) aged 4-27 years (mean 13 years) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BMD of all sites increased significantly with age until 17.5 years in males and 15.8 years in females, except for femoral neck BMD in females, which peaked at age 14.1 years. Males had higher peak TBMD, which was attributed to greater weight and lean tissue mass. In contrast, despite a later timing, peak L2-4 BMD in males was not different from that in females. Before peak BMD, weight was the best predictor of TBMD and L2-4 BMD in both sexes (r2 ranged from 0.77 to 0.88), whereas femoral neck BMD was predicted equally by height and weight. Longitudinal information collected from 53 (25 boys) of these children, aged 4-16.9 years, showed that the average annualized gain in TBMD was 0.047 g/cm2 for boys and 0.039 g/cm2 for girls. No significant difference in the association between age and BMD (slopes) was found between cross-sectional and longitudinal data for either sex. We conclude that the timing for peak BMD was consistent for total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck for each sex. The earlier peak BMD in females is most likely related to earlier puberty. The cross-sectional normative data of this study are useful in serving as a standard for serial assessment in health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Lu
- Robert Vines Growth Research Centre, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Marchetti AA, Mignerey AC, Madani H, Gökmen A, Kehoe WL, Libby B, Morley K, Breuer H, Wolf K, Obenshain F. Mass and charge distributions of Cl-induced heavy-ion reactions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:266-284. [PMID: 9968819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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