1
|
Chowdhury D, Gardner JC, Satpati A, Nookala S, Mukundan S, Porollo A, Landero Figueroa JA, Subramanian Vignesh K. Metallothionein 3-Zinc Axis Suppresses Caspase-11 Inflammasome Activation and Impairs Antibacterial Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755961. [PMID: 34867993 PMCID: PMC8633875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical inflammasome activation by mouse caspase-11 (or human CASPASE-4/5) is crucial for the clearance of certain gram-negative bacterial infections, but can lead to severe inflammatory damage. Factors that promote non-canonical inflammasome activation are well recognized, but less is known about the mechanisms underlying its negative regulation. Herein, we identify that the caspase-11 inflammasome in mouse and human macrophages (Mϕ) is negatively controlled by the zinc (Zn2+) regulating protein, metallothionein 3 (MT3). Upon challenge with intracellular lipopolysaccharide (iLPS), Mϕ increased MT3 expression that curtailed the activation of caspase-11 and its downstream targets caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β. Mechanistically, MT3 increased intramacrophage Zn2+ to downmodulate the TRIF-IRF3-STAT1 axis that is prerequisite for caspase-11 effector function. In vivo, MT3 suppressed activation of the caspase-11 inflammasome, while caspase-11 and MT3 synergized in impairing antibacterial immunity. The present study identifies an important yin-yang relationship between the non-canonical inflammasome and MT3 in controlling inflammation and immunity to gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Chowdhury
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jason C. Gardner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Abhijit Satpati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Suba Nookala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Santhosh Mukundan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Aleksey Porollo
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Julio A. Landero Figueroa
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kavitha Subramanian Vignesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alrefai H, Vignesh KS, Deepe GS. Metallothioneins reprograms T cell response towards pulmonary Histoplasma capsulatum through altering their metabolic profile. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.16.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) is a dimorphic fungus that is affected by environmental temperature. Hc is distributed worldwide. When inhaled, the microconidia and spores reach the lung and are converted to the pathogenic yeast phase within the phagosomes of macrophages. The Hc replicates intracellularly until these phagocytes are activated by cytokines, typically from activated T cells. Excluding iron, the effect of trace metals on Hc interaction with innate immune cells has been inadequately studied. The cells’ metabolic processes are altered, and the cytokine macro/microenvironment change in the pathogen’s face. Zn2+ metalloproteins constitute about 10% of the mammalian proteome, and many transcription factors and enzymes use this metal. Metalloproteins are linked to many energy-producing pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the redox chain. Our experiments showed that ablation of Metallothioneins 1 and 2 (MT1/2) decreases the immune system’s ability to clear Hc from the lungs. The numbers of T cells are not affected by the MT1/2 ablation; rather, the cells’ activity is decreased. MT1/2 ablated dendritic cells (DC) are not defective. MT1/2 ablated CD4 T cells show an alternative metabolic profile. MT1/2 ablated CD4 T cells show a decrease in their genome acetylation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chowdhury D, Alrefai H, Landero Figueroa JA, Candor K, Porollo A, Fecher R, Divanovic S, Deepe GS, Subramanian Vignesh K. Metallothionein 3 Controls the Phenotype and Metabolic Programming of Alternatively Activated Macrophages. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3873-3886.e7. [PMID: 31242420 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated (M2) macrophages promote wound healing but weaken antimicrobial defenses. The mechanisms that enforce macrophage divergence and dictate the phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of M2 macrophages remain elusive. We show that alternative activation with interleukin (IL)-4 induces expression of metallothionein 3 (MT3) that regulates macrophage polarization and function. MT3 was requisite for metabolic reprograming in IL-4-stimulated macrophages or M(IL-4) macrophages to promote mitochondrial respiration and suppress glycolysis. MT3 fostered an M(IL-4) phenotype, suppressed hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α activation, and thwarted the emergence of a proinflammatory M1 program in macrophages. MT3 deficiency augmented macrophage plasticity, resulting in enhanced interferon γ (IFNγ) responsiveness and a dampened M(IL-4) phenotype. Thus, MT3 programs the phenotype and metabolic fate of M(IL-4) macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Chowdhury
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Hani Alrefai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Julio A Landero Figueroa
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Kathleen Candor
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Aleksey Porollo
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Roger Fecher
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10467, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Subramanian Vignesh K, Landero Figueroa JA, Porollo A, Divanovic S, Caruso JA, Deepe GS. IL-4 Induces Metallothionein 3- and SLC30A4-Dependent Increase in Intracellular Zn(2+) that Promotes Pathogen Persistence in Macrophages. Cell Rep 2018; 16:3232-3246. [PMID: 27653687 PMCID: PMC5603080 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative activation of macrophages promotes wound healing but weakens antimicrobial defenses against intracellular pathogens. The mechanisms that suppress macrophage function to create a favorable environment for pathogen growth remain elusive. We show that interleukin (IL)-4 triggers a metallothionein 3 (MT3)- and Zn exporter SLC30A4- dependent increase in the labile Zn2+ stores in macrophages and that intracellular pathogens can exploit this increase in Zn to survive. IL-4 regulates this pathway by shuttling extracellular Zn into macrophages and by activating cathepsins that act on MT3 to release bound Zn. We show that IL-4 can modulate Zn homeostasis in both human monocytes and mice. In vivo, MT3 can repress macrophage function in an M2-polarizing environment to promote pathogen persistence. Thus, MT3 and SLC30A4 dictate the size of the labile Zn2+ pool and promote the survival of a prototypical intracellular pathogen in M2 macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio A Landero Figueroa
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Aleksey Porollo
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph A Caruso
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Subramanian Vignesh K, Deepe GS. Immunological orchestration of zinc homeostasis: The battle between host mechanisms and pathogen defenses. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:66-78. [PMID: 26921502 PMCID: PMC4996772 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The importance of Zn ions (Zn) in regulating development and functions of the immune system is well established. However, recent years have witnessed a surge in our knowledge of how immune cells choreograph Zn regulatory mechanisms to combat the persistence of pathogenic microbes. Myeloid and lymphoid populations manipulate intracellular and extracellular Zn metabolism via Zn binding proteins and transporters in response to immunological signals and infection. Rapid as well as delayed changes in readily exchangeable Zn, also known as free Zn and the Zn proteome are crucial in determining activation of immune cells, cytokine responses, signaling and nutritional immunity. Recent studies have unearthed distinctive Zn modulatory mechanisms employed by specialized immune cells and necessitate an understanding of the Zn handling behavior in immune responses to infection. The focus of this review, therefore, stems from novel revelations of Zn intoxication, sequestration and signaling roles deployed by different immune cells, with an emphasis on innate immunity, to challenge microbial parasitization and cope with pathogen insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
George MM, Subramanian Vignesh K, Landero Figueroa JA, Caruso JA, Deepe GS. Zinc Induces Dendritic Cell Tolerogenic Phenotype and Skews Regulatory T Cell-Th17 Balance. J Immunol 2016; 197:1864-76. [PMID: 27465530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal for development and maintenance of both the innate and adaptive compartments of the immune system. Zn homeostasis impacts maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) that are important in shaping T cell responses. The mechanisms by which Zn regulates the tolerogenic phenotype of DCs remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of Zn on DC phenotype and the generation of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) using a model of Histoplasma capsulatum fungal infection. Exposure of bone marrow-derived DCs to Zn in vitro induced a tolerogenic phenotype by diminishing surface MHC class II (MHCII) and promoting the tolerogenic markers, programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1, PD-L2, and the tryptophan degrading enzyme, IDO. Zn triggered tryptophan degradation by IDO and kynurenine production by DCs and strongly suppressed the proinflammatory response to stimulation by TLR ligands. In vivo, Zn supplementation and subsequent H. capsulatum infection supressed MHCII on DCs, enhanced PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression on MHCII(lo) DCs, and skewed the Treg-Th17 balance in favor of Foxp3(+) Tregs while decreasing Th17 cells. Thus, Zn shapes the tolerogenic potential of DCs in vitro and in vivo and promotes Tregs during fungal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Mathew George
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | | | - Julio A Landero Figueroa
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; and
| | - Joseph A Caruso
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; and
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hsieh H, Vignesh KS, Deepe GS, Choubey D, Shertzer HG, Genter MB. Mechanistic studies of the toxicity of zinc gluconate in the olfactory neuronal cell line Odora. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 35:24-30. [PMID: 27179668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is both an essential and potentially toxic metal. It is widely believed that oral zinc supplementation can reduce the effects of the common cold; however, there is strong clinical evidence that intranasal (IN) zinc gluconate (ZG) gel treatment for this purpose causes anosmia, or the loss of the sense of smell, in humans. Using the rat olfactory neuron cell line, Odora, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which zinc exposure exerts its toxic effects on olfactory neurons. Following treatment of Odora cells with 100 and 200μM ZG for 0-24h, RNA-seq and in silico analyses revealed up-regulation of pathways associated with zinc metal response, oxidative stress, and ATP production. We observed that Odora cells recovered from zinc-induced oxidative stress, but ATP depletion persisted with longer exposure to ZG. ZG exposure increased levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β protein levels in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that zinc exposure may cause an inflammasome-mediated cell death, pyroptosis, in olfactory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, United States
| | | | - George S Deepe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0557, United States; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States
| | - Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, United States
| | - Howard G Shertzer
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, United States
| | - Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sterkel AK, Lorenzini JL, Fites JS, Subramanian Vignesh K, Sullivan TD, Wuthrich M, Brandhorst T, Hernandez-Santos N, Deepe GS, Klein BS. Fungal Mimicry of a Mammalian Aminopeptidase Disables Innate Immunity and Promotes Pathogenicity. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 19:361-74. [PMID: 26922990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic fungal infections trigger marked immune-regulatory disturbances, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We report that the pathogenic yeast of Blastomyces dermatitidis elaborates dipeptidyl-peptidase IVA (DppIVA), a close mimic of the mammalian ectopeptidase CD26, which modulates critical aspects of hematopoiesis. We show that, like the mammalian enzyme, fungal DppIVA cleaved C-C chemokines and GM-CSF. Yeast producing DppIVA crippled the recruitment and differentiation of monocytes and prevented phagocyte activation and ROS production. Silencing fungal DppIVA gene expression curtailed virulence and restored recruitment of CCR2(+) monocytes, generation of TipDC, and phagocyte killing of yeast. Pharmacological blockade of DppIVA restored leukocyte effector functions and stemmed infection, while addition of recombinant DppIVA to gene-silenced yeast enabled them to evade leukocyte defense. Thus, fungal DppIVA mediates immune-regulatory disturbances that underlie invasive fungal disease. These findings reveal a form of molecular piracy by a broadly conserved aminopeptidase during disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alana K Sterkel
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Jenna L Lorenzini
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - J Scott Fites
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Kavitha Subramanian Vignesh
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Thomas D Sullivan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Marcel Wuthrich
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Tristan Brandhorst
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Nydiaris Hernandez-Santos
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - George S Deepe
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Figueroa JAL, Vignesh KS, Deepe GS, Caruso J. Selectivity and specificity of small molecule fluorescent dyes/probes used for the detection of Zn2+ and Ca2+ in cells. Metallomics 2014; 6:301-15. [PMID: 24356796 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes are widely used in the detection of labile (free or exchangeable) Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) in living cells. However, their specificity over other cations and selectivity for detection of labile vs. protein-bound metal in cells remains unclear. We characterized these important properties for commonly used Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) dyes in a cellular environment. By tracing the fluorescence emission signal along with UV-Vis and size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) in tandem, we demonstrated that among the dyes used for Zn(2+), Zinpyr-1 fluoresces in the low molecular mass (LMM) region containing labile Zn(2+), but also fluoresces in different molecular mass regions where zinc ion is detected. However, FluoZin™-3 AM, Newport Green™ DCF and Zinquin ethyl ester display weak fluorescence, lack of metal specificity and respond strongly in the high molecular mass (HMM) region. Four Ca(2+) dyes were studied in an unperturbed cellular environment, and two of these were tested for binding behavior under an intracellular Ca(2+) release stimulus. A majority of Ca(2+) was in the labile form as tested by SEC-ICP-MS, but the fluorescence from Calcium Green-1™ AM, Oregon Green® 488 BAPTA-1, Fura red™ AM and Fluo-4 NW dyes in cells did not correspond to free Ca(2+) detection. Instead, the dyes showed non-specific fluorescence in the mid- and high-molecular mass regions containing Zn, Fe and Cu. Proteomic analysis of one of the commonly seen fluorescing regions showed the possibility for some dyes to recognize Zn and Cu bound to metallothionein 2. These studies indicate that Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) binding dyes manifest fluorescence responses that are not unique to recognition of labile metals and bind other metals, leading to suboptimal specificity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio A Landero Figueroa
- Metallomics Research Center, Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Subramanian Vignesh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Julio A. Landero Figueroa
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aleksey Porollo
- Divisions of Rheumatology and Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Caruso
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - George S. Deepe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Subramanian Vignesh K, Landero Figueroa JA, Porollo A, Caruso JA, Deepe GS. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor induced Zn sequestration enhances macrophage superoxide and limits intracellular pathogen survival. Immunity 2013; 39:697-710. [PMID: 24138881 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages possess numerous mechanisms to combat microbial invasion, including sequestration of essential nutrients, like zinc (Zn). The pleiotropic cytokine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances antimicrobial defenses against intracellular pathogens such as Histoplasma capsulatum, but its mode of action remains elusive. We have found that GM-CSF-activated infected macrophages sequestered labile Zn by inducing binding to metallothioneins (MTs) in a STAT3 and STAT5 transcription-factor-dependent manner. GM-CSF upregulated expression of Zn exporters, Slc30a4 and Slc30a7; the metal was shuttled away from phagosomes and into the Golgi apparatus. This distinctive Zn sequestration strategy elevated phagosomal H⁺ channel function and triggered reactive oxygen species generation by NADPH oxidase. Consequently, H. capsulatum was selectively deprived of Zn, thereby halting replication and fostering fungal clearance. GM-CSF mediated Zn sequestration via MTs in vitro and in vivo in mice and in human macrophages. These findings illuminate a GM-CSF-induced Zn-sequestration network that drives phagocyte antimicrobial effector function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Subramanian Vignesh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|