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Warner B, Pranzatelli T, Perez P, Ku A, Matuck BF, Huynh K, Sakai S, Abed M, Jang SI, Yamada E, Dominick K, Ahmed Z, Oliver A, Wasikowski R, Easter Q, Magone MT, Baer A, Pelayo E, Khavandgar Z, Gupta S, Kleiner D, Lessard C, Farris A, Martin D, Morell R, Zheng C, Rachmaninoff N, Maldonado-Ortiz J, Qu X, Aure M, Dezfulian M, Lake R, Teichmann S, Barber D, Tsoi L, Sowalsky A, Tyc K, Gudjonsson J, Byrd K, Johnson P, Liu J, Chiorini J. GZMK+CD8+ T cells Target a Specific Acinar Cell Type in Sjögren's Disease. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3601404. [PMID: 38196575 PMCID: PMC10775371 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3601404/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's Disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disease without a clear etiology or effective therapy. Utilizing unbiased single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to analyze human minor salivary glands in health and disease we developed a comprehensive understanding of the cellular landscape of healthy salivary glands and how that landscape changes in SjD patients. We identified novel seromucous acinar cell types and identified a population of PRR4+CST3+WFDC2- seromucous acinar cells that are particularly targeted in SjD. Notably, GZMK+CD8 T cells, enriched in SjD, exhibited a cytotoxic phenotype and were physically associated with immune-engaged epithelial cells in disease. These findings shed light on the immune response's impact on transitioning acinar cells with high levels of secretion and explain the loss of this specific cell population in SjD. This study explores the complex interplay of varied cell types in the salivary glands and their role in the pathology of Sjögren's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Warner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | - Anson Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | | | | | | | - Mehdi Abed
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Eiko Yamada
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Kalie Dominick
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Zara Ahmed
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Baer
- Sjögren's Clinical Investigations Team, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Zohreh Khavandgar
- Sjögren's Clinical Investigations Team, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | - Sarthak Gupta
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
| | - David Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Christopher Lessard
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - A Farris
- Oklahoma Medical Research Fd. OMRF
| | | | - Robert Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institutes on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | | | - Xufeng Qu
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Marit Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
| | | | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis (LCGP) Microscopy Core Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Daniel Barber
- T-lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Lam Tsoi
- Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - Katarzyna Tyc
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Kevin Byrd
- Lab of Oral & Craniofacial Innovation (LOCI), Department of Innovation & Technology Research, ADA Science & Research Institute
| | - Philip Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park
| | | | - John Chiorini
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
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Salzman S, Wiser A, Morris MB, Veksler BZ, Byrd K, Wagner T, Prestwood J. Silver Lining Study: Missileer Fatigue Mitigation During 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic. Mil Med 2023:usad415. [PMID: 37936257 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The U.S. Air Force's Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) force stands ready to launch weapons 365 days per year. Since its inception, missileers vigilantly operate launch consoles on a 3-day cycle: minimum 24-hour alert-shift/24-hour travel-admin/24-hour off, leading to concerns that health, morale, and alertness are chronically impacted. In 2020, a Missileer Occupational Health Assessment (OHA) revealed 76% of respondents struggle with being rested for duty and 29% of respondents never feel adequately rested for duty. Later that year, 20th Air Force initiated long-duration operations to safeguard from the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic, resulting in increased operations tempo, and exacerbating crew fatigue.341st Operations Group and 341st Medical Group at Malmstrom Air Force Base enacted interventions to mitigate crew fatigue and support continued readiness during pandemic operations. They recorded, analyzed, and compiled findings in this report, including recommendations for long-term ICBM operations at Missile Wings. MATERIALS AND METHODS All participants were Nuclear and Missile Operations Officers, or missileers, were continuously evaluated with qualitative and quantitative measures to ensure safety of the force during a period of unprecedented change. Interventions implemented and evaluated during the 9-month period included: environmental modifications, scheduling changes, and crew education on fatigue management, nutrition, anticipatory sleep preparation, and fitness. Most notably, the 341st Operations Group examined various 3-person and 4-person shift-length and alert duration schedules. Psychomotor vigilance testing results validated safety of operators and delta between pre- and post-shift measurements. Crew force readiness trends were analyzed for force-health awareness. Pre- and post-OHA results were compared for subjective changes. Fatigue and health-related outcomes were collected from a safety monitoring effort during standard and COVID-19 operations at 341st Missile Wing. RESULTS Findings from qualitative and quantitative data indicate the optimal schedule is a 3-week cycle:7-day alert/7-day recovery/7-day training-administrative utilizing 4-member or 3-member crews for low tempo operations. Crews experimented with shift-lengths of 24hrs-on/24hrs-off, 16hrs-on/8hrs-off, and 12hrs-on/12hrs-off. Maximum safe alert duration is 7 days due to task fatigue onset between 8 and 10 days. Short and long duration Duties Not to Include Flight (DNIF) (also known as Duties Not to Include Alert (DNIA) among missileers) rates decreased from the first to last month of the period by 74.6% and 79.2%, respectively. The number of alerts missed per month decreased 86% from baseline. The 2021 OHA found a 7% decline in members seeking separation, and absence of sleep, fatigue, and physical or mental health as missileer concerns. CONCLUSIONS This analysis has identified a sustainable alert rotation of 7/7/7 with emphasis on protected recovery and training time and has been continued after concluding pandemic operations, creating consistent schedule stability where there once was none. If executed properly, this alert rotation, regardless of shift-length selected, has potential to improve trust between crews and leadership, provides adequate recovery time between alerts to maintain health, and improves wellness, family stability, morale, unit cohesion, and crew force retention. Notably, all Air Force Global Strike Missile Operations Groups adjusted scheduling practices to align with these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Salzman
- 341st Missile Wing, Malmstrom Air Force Base, MT 50405, USA
| | - Ashley Wiser
- 341st Missile Wing, Malmstrom Air Force Base, MT 50405, USA
| | - Megan B Morris
- Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
| | | | - Kevin Byrd
- 341st Missile Wing, Malmstrom Air Force Base, MT 50405, USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- 341st Missile Wing, Malmstrom Air Force Base, MT 50405, USA
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Glavy JC, Peterson SL, Strain J, Byrd K, Flint JH. Metastatic Endometrioid Carcinoma Mimicking a Subungual Melanoma. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14494. [PMID: 36361369 PMCID: PMC9653594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CASE We report a case of a 76-year-old female with a stage IB, grade I endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who presented with right-hip pain and an enlarging black, exophytic, subungual lesion on her right-small-finger distal phalanx. Clinically, the distal phalanx lesion was suspicious for a subungual melanoma; however, advanced imaging suggested metastatic disease, with lesions in the acetabulum, lungs, brain, vulva, and vagina. CONCLUSION Partial amputation of the right, small finger and vulvar biopsies confirmed an endometrial carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of endometrial adenocarcinoma metastasis to the phalanx of an upper extremity, mimicking a subungual melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena C. Glavy
- Department of OBGYN, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Shian L. Peterson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Jonathan Strain
- Department of Pathology, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Kevin Byrd
- Department of OBGYN, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - James H. Flint
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
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Diaz-Beltran M, Byrd K. Optimal, Low-Calorie Defaults in Combo Meals Do Not Affect Consumers’ Fast-Food Restaurant Visit Intentions, Regardless of Their Health Concern Level. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Byrd K, Liu Y, Fan A, Her E, Almanza B, Leitch S. Consumers’ Self-Protection Practices Related to Consuming Take-Out/Delivery Restaurant Foods during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Byrd K. Do Calories on a Restaurant Menu Influence Alcoholic Beverage Purchasing Intentions? J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brown TA, Byrd K, Vreeland TJ, Clifton GT, Jackson DO, Hale DF, Herbert GS, Myers JW, Greene JM, Berry JS, Martin J, Elkas JC, Conrads TP, Darcy KM, Hamilton CA, Maxwel GL, Peoples GE. Final analysis of a phase I/IIa trial of the folate-binding protein-derived E39 peptide vaccine to prevent recurrence in ovarian and endometrial cancer patients. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4678-4687. [PMID: 31274231 PMCID: PMC6712444 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E39, an HLA-A2-restricted, immunogenic peptide derived from the folate-binding protein (FBP), is overexpressed in multiple malignancies. We conducted a phase I/IIa trial of the E39 + GM-CSF vaccine with booster inoculations of either E39 or E39' (an attenuated version of E39) to prevent recurrences in disease-free endometrial and ovarian cancer patients(pts). Here, we present the final 24-month landmark analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS HLA-A2 + patients receiving E39 + GM-CSF were included in the vaccine group (VG), and HLA-A2- pts (or HLA-A2 + patients refusing vaccine) were followed as the control group (CG). VG group received 6 monthly inoculations as the primary vaccine series (PVS) and were randomized to receive either E39 or E39' booster inoculations. Demographic, safety, immunologic, and disease-free survival (DFS) data were collected and evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were enrolled; 29 in the VG and 22 in the CG. Fourteen patients received <1000 μg and 15 received 1000 μg of E39. There were no clinicopathologic differences between VG and CG or between dose groups. E39 was well tolerated. At the 24 months landmark, DFS was 55.5% (VG) vs 40.0% (CG), P = 0.339. Patients receiving 1000 μg and boosted patients also showed improved DFS (P < 0.03). DFS was improved in the 1000 μg group after treatment of primary disease (90.0% vs CG:42.9%, P = 0.007), but not in recurrent patients. In low-FBP expressing patients, DFS was 100.0% (1000 μg), 50.0% (<1000 μg), and 25.0% (CG), P = 0.029. CONCLUSIONS This phase I/IIa trial reveals that E39 + GM-CSF is safe and may be effective in preventing recurrence in high-risk ovarian and endometrial cancer when optimally dosed (1000 μg) to FBP low patients being treated for primary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy A Brown
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kevin Byrd
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Timothy J Vreeland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guy T Clifton
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Doreen O Jackson
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Diane F Hale
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Garth S Herbert
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John W Myers
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Julia M Greene
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John S Berry
- Department of Surgery, Womack Army Medical Center, Fayetteville, North Carolina
| | | | - John C Elkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Annandale, Virginia.,Mid-Atlantic Gynecologic Oncology and Pelvic Surgical Associates, Annandale, Virginia
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Annandale, Virginia.,Inova Health System, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Annandale, Virginia
| | - Kathleen M Darcy
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chad A Hamilton
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George L Maxwel
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Annandale, Virginia.,Inova Health System, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Annandale, Virginia
| | - George E Peoples
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Annandale, Virginia
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Bencharit S, Morelli T, Barros S, Seagroves JT, Kim S, Yu N, Byrd K, Brenes C, Offenbacher S. Comparing Initial Wound Healing and Osteogenesis of Porous Tantalum Trabecular Metal and Titanium Alloy Materials. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2019; 45:173-180. [PMID: 30663941 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porous tantalum trabecular metal (PTTM) has long been used in orthopedics to enhance neovascularization, wound healing, and osteogenesis; recently, it has been incorporated into titanium alloy dental implants. However, little is known about the biological responses to PTTM in the human oral cavity. We have hypothesized that, compared with conventional titanium alloy, PTTM has a greater expression of genes specific to neovascularization, wound healing, and osteogenesis during the initial healing period. Twelve subjects requiring at least 4 implants in the mandible were enrolled. Four 3 × 5mm devices, including 2 titanium alloy tapered screws and 2 PTTM cylinders, were placed in the edentulous mandibular areas using a split-mouth design. One device in each group was trephined for analysis at 2 and 4 weeks after placement. RNA microarray analysis and ingenuity pathway analysis were used to analyze osteogenesis gene expression and relevant signaling pathways. Compared to titanium alloy, PTTM samples exhibited significantly higher expressions of genes specific to cell neovascularization, wound healing, and osteogenesis. Several genes-including bone morphogenic proteins, collagens, and growth factors-were upregulated in the PTTM group compared to the titanium alloy control. PTTM materials may enhance the initial healing of dental implants by modifying gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompop Bencharit
- 1 Departments of General Practice and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Thiago Morelli
- 2 Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Silvana Barros
- 2 Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jackson T Seagroves
- 3 Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Steven Kim
- 4 Curriculum in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ning Yu
- 4 Curriculum in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kevin Byrd
- 4 Curriculum in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christian Brenes
- 5 Department of General Dentistry, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Ga
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- 2 Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Jackson DO, Byrd K, Vreeland TJ, Hale DF, Herbert GS, Greene JM, Schneble EJ, Berry JS, Trappey AF, Clifton GT, Hardin MO, Martin J, Elkas JC, Conrads TP, Darcy KM, Hamilton CA, Maxwell GL, Peoples GE. Interim analysis of a phase I/IIa trial assessing E39+GM-CSF, a folate binding protein vaccine, to prevent recurrence in ovarian and endometrial cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15912-15923. [PMID: 27852036 PMCID: PMC5362533 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate binding protein(FBP) is an immunogenic protein over-expressed in endometrial(EC) and ovarian cancer(OC). We are conducting a phase I/IIa trial of E39 (GALE 301)+GM-CSF, an HLA-A2-restricted, FBP-derived peptide vaccine to prevent recurrences in disease-free EC and OC patients. This interim analysis summarizes toxicity, immunologic responses, and clinical outcomes to date. METHODS HLA-A2+ patients were vaccinated(VG), and HLA-A2- or -A2+ patients were followed as controls(CG). Six monthly intradermal inoculations of E39+250mcg GM-CSF were administered to VG. Demographic, safety, immunologic, and recurrence rate(RR) data were collected and evaluated. RESULTS This trial enrolled 51 patients; 29 in the VG and 22 in the CG. Fifteen patients received 1000mcg E39, and 14 received <1000mcg. There were no clinicopathologic differences between groups(all p ≥ 0.1). E39 was well-tolerated regardless of dose. DTH increased pre- to post-vaccination (5.7±1.5 mm vs 10.3±3.0 mm, p = 0.06) in the VG, and increased more in the 1000mcg group (3.8±2.0 mm vs 9.5±3.5 mm, p = 0.03). With 12 months median follow-up, the RR was 41% (VG) vs 55% (CG), p = 0.41. Among the 1000mcg patients, the RR was 13.3% vs 55% CG, p = 0.01. Estimated 2-year DFS was 85.7% in the 1000mcg group vs 33.6% in the CG (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS This phase I/IIa trial reveals that E39+GM-CSF is well-tolerated and elicits a strong, dose-dependent in vivo immune response. Early efficacy results are promising in the 1000 mcg dose cohort. This study proves the safety and establishes the dose of E39 for a larger prospective, randomized, controlled trial in HLA-A2+ EC and OC patients to prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen O Jackson
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Byrd
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Timothy J Vreeland
- Department of Surgery, Womack Army Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, USA
| | - Diane F Hale
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Garth S Herbert
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia M Greene
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Erika J Schneble
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John S Berry
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alfred F Trappey
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - G T Clifton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark O Hardin
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | | | - John C Elkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Annandale, VA, USA.,Mid-Atlantic Gynecologic Oncology and Pelvic Surgical Associates, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Annandale, VA, USA.,Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Health System, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Darcy
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Chad A Hamilton
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - George L Maxwell
- National Capital Consortium Fellowship in Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital Annandale, VA, USA.,Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Health System, Annandale, VA, USA
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Thomas TK, Ritter T, Bruden D, Bruce M, Byrd K, Goldberger R, Dobson J, Hickel K, Smith J, Hennessy T. Impact of providing in-home water service on the rates of infectious diseases: results from four communities in Western Alaska. J Water Health 2016; 14:132-141. [PMID: 26837837 PMCID: PMC5557094 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of rural Alaskan homes lack in-home piped water; residents haul water to their homes. The limited quantity of water impacts the ability to meet basic hygiene needs. We assessed rates of infections impacted by water quality (waterborne, e.g. gastrointestinal infections) and quantity (water-washed, e.g. skin and respiratory infections) in communities transitioning to in-home piped water. Residents of four communities consented to a review of medical records 3 years before and after their community received piped water. We selected health encounters with ICD-9CM codes for respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal infections. We calculated annual illness episodes for each infection category after adjusting for age. We obtained 5,477 person-years of observation from 1032 individuals. There were 9,840 illness episodes with at least one ICD-9CM code of interest; 8,155 (83%) respiratory, 1,666 (17%) skin, 241 (2%) gastrointestinal. Water use increased from an average 1.5 gallons/capita/day (g/c/d) to 25.7 g/c/d. There were significant (P-value < 0.05) declines in respiratory (16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11-21%), skin (20, 95%CI: 10-30%), and gastrointestinal infections (38, 95%CI: 13-55%). We demonstrated significant declines in respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal infections among individuals who received in-home piped water. This study reinforces the importance of adequate quantities of water for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Thomas
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - T Ritter
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - D Bruden
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigation Program, 4055 Tudor Center Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
| | - M Bruce
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigation Program, 4055 Tudor Center Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
| | - K Byrd
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigation Program, 4055 Tudor Center Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
| | - R Goldberger
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - J Dobson
- Yukon Kuskokwim Health Corporation, P.O. Box 528, Bethel, Alaska, 99559, USA
| | - K Hickel
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - J Smith
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, 3900 Ambassador Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA E-mail:
| | - T Hennessy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Arctic Investigation Program, 4055 Tudor Center Drive, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
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Byrd K, Seay R, Bechert CJ, Maxwell GL, Bicher A. Metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting in a gravid woman. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2014; 79:276-9. [PMID: 25412690 DOI: 10.1159/000363234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma coexistent with an intrauterine pregnancy is rare and requires decisions affecting mother and child to treat this aggressive tumor. An instance of this situation is presented to highlight clinical circumstances that warrant departure from accepted dogma. Pathologic aspects of choriocarcinoma are also discussed. Diagnosis of choriocarcinoma during an otherwise normal pregnancy requires a high index of suspicion and consideration of unconventional diagnostic maneuvers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Byrd
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Md., USA
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Schneble EJ, Byrd K, Vreeland TJ, Berry JS, Trappey AF, Clifton GT, Ponniah S, Mittendorf EA, McGuire W, Conrads TP, Darcy KM, Maxwell GL, Hamilton C, Elkas JC, Peoples GE. Comparison of recurrent and nonrecurrent ovarian and uterine cancer patients undergoing adjuvant folate receptor vaccine therapy. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Byrd
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA
| | | | - John S. Berry
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | - Sathibalan Ponniah
- Cancer Vaccine Development Program, United States Military Cancer Institute, USUHS, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chad Hamilton
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - J C Elkas
- Mid Atlantic Pelvic Surgery Associates, Annandale, VA
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Byrd K, Fox J, Bellile E, Wolf G, Danciu T. Invasive Front Histology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Correlates With Overall Stage and Overall Survival. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Risinger JI, Allard J, Chandran U, Day R, Chandramouli GVR, Miller C, Zahn C, Oliver J, Litzi T, Marcus C, Dubil E, Byrd K, Cassablanca Y, Becich M, Berchuck A, Darcy KM, Hamilton CA, Conrads TP, Maxwell GL. Gene expression analysis of early stage endometrial cancers reveals unique transcripts associated with grade and histology but not depth of invasion. Front Oncol 2013; 3:139. [PMID: 23785665 PMCID: PMC3683664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States but it remains poorly understood at the molecular level. This investigation was conducted to specifically assess whether gene expression changes underlie the clinical and pathologic factors traditionally used for determining treatment regimens in women with stage I endometrial cancer. These include the effect of tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion and histotype. We utilized oligonucleotide microarrays to assess the transcript expression profile in epithelial glandular cells laser microdissected from 79 endometrioid and 12 serous stage I endometrial cancers with a heterogeneous distribution of grade and depth of myometrial invasion, along with 12 normal post-menopausal endometrial samples. Unsupervised multidimensional scaling analyses revealed that serous and endometrioid stage I cancers have similar transcript expression patterns when compared to normal controls where 900 transcripts were identified to be differentially expressed by at least fourfold (univariate t-test, p < 0.001) between the cancers and normal endometrium. This analysis also identified transcript expression differences between serous and endometrioid cancers and tumor grade, but no apparent differences were identified as a function of depth of myometrial invasion. Four genes were validated by quantitative PCR on an independent set of cancer and normal endometrium samples. These findings indicate that unique gene expression profiles are associated with histologic type and grade, but not myometrial invasion among early stage endometrial cancers. These data provide a comprehensive perspective on the molecular alterations associated with stage I endometrial cancer, particularly those subtypes that have the worst prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Risinger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University , Grand Rapids, MI , USA
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15
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Byrd K, Stany MP, Herbold NC, Leath CA, Hamilton CA. Growing teratoma syndrome: Brief communication and algorithm for management. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 53:318-21. [DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Byrd
- Gynecologic Oncology Service; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; Bethesda; Maryland; USA
| | - Michael P. Stany
- Gynecologic Oncology Service; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; Bethesda; Maryland; USA
| | - Natasha C. Herbold
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; San Antonio Military Medical Center; San Antonio; Texas; USA
| | - Charles A. Leath
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham; Alabama; USA
| | - Chad A. Hamilton
- Gynecologic Oncology Service; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; Bethesda; Maryland; USA
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Guo Y, Savoy A, Byrd K, Salvendy G. Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate the content effectiveness of video games: a pilot study. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14639220802150346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Chromatin insulators might regulate gene expression by controlling the subnuclear organization of DNA. We found that a DNA sequence normally located inside of the nucleus moved to the periphery when the gypsy insulator was placed within the sequence. The presence of the gypsy insulator also caused two sequences, normally found in different regions of the nucleus, to come together at a single location. Alterations in this subnuclear organization imposed by the gypsy insulator correlated with changes in gene expression that took place during the heat-shock response. These global changes in transcription were accompanied by dramatic alterations in the distribution of insulator proteins and DNA. The results suggest that the nuclear organization imposed by the gypsy insulator on the chromatin fiber is important for gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Gerasimova
- Department of Biology The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Byrd K, Benghuzzi H. The role of density on the release profiles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds from TCPL delivery systems. Biomed Sci Instrum 2000; 36:165-70. [PMID: 10834227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that tri-calcium phosphate lysine drug delivery systems (TCPL) are capable of releasing various organic compounds at a sustained manner for long duration. The fabrication of TCPL devices is complex and the manipulation of various factors can alter drug release profiles. The compression of the TCPL material into the capsular form is an instrumental factor when studying the desired release profile. The objectives of this investigation were: 1) to study the interrelationship between the release profiles of devices that had been cold pressed at two different densities (1.53 +/- 0.15 (Low density, TCPL-LD) and 1.98 +/- 0.7 gm/cm3 (High density, TCPL-HD)), and 2) to evaluate the role of the change in density that might have on the release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds in an in vitro environment. A total of 16 serum bottles were used and later subdivided into four groups (n = 4). Groups I and II contained TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD capsules each loaded with 20 mg of progesterone (P). Groups III & IV contained TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD capsules that were loaded with 20 mg of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). Each serum bottle in groups III and IV was filled with 100 mL of phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) and 10 microL of sodium azide (antibacterial agent). Serum bottles in groups I and II were filled with 50% alcohol (wt/vol). Samples were withdrawn at various time intervals and the release profiles were analyzed by using standard spectrophotometer techniques. Data analysis was conducted by using Jandel Sigma Stat Statistical software. Results of this investigation suggest that: 1) TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD devices were capable of releasing P and BSA at sustained levels, 2) regardless of the loaded drugs, the release profiles from TCPL-LD devices was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the release profiles of P and BSA from TCPL-HD, and 3) physiochemical characteristics of the drug to be delivered are instrumental in regulating the rate of release and duration or availability of an effective and safe dose (BSA > P).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Byrd
- Naval Research Program, Jackson State University, MS 39204, USA
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Odom A, Christ E, Kerr N, Byrd K, Cochran J, Barr F, Bugnitz M, Ring JC, Storgion S, Walling R, Stidham G, Quasney MW. Prevalence of retinal hemorrhages in pediatric patients after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective study. Pediatrics 1997; 99:E3. [PMID: 9164799 DOI: 10.1542/peds.99.6.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child abuse occurs in 1% of children in the United States every year; 10% of the traumatic injuries suffered by children under 5 years old are nonaccidental, and 5% to 20% of these nonaccidental injuries are lethal. Rapid characterization of the injury as nonaccidental is of considerable benefit to child protection workers and police investigators seeking to safeguard the child care environment and apprehend and prosecute those who have committed the crime of child abuse. Physically abused children present with a variety of well-described injuries that are usually easily identifiable. In some cases, however, particularly those involving children with the shaken baby syndrome, obvious signs of physical injury may not exist. Although external signs of such an injury are infrequent, the rapid acceleration-deceleration forces involved often cause subdural hematomas and retinal hemorrhages, hallmarks of the syndrome. Frequently, retinal hemorrhages may be the only presenting sign that child abuse has occurred. Complicating the interpretation of the finding of retinal hemorrhages is the belief by some physicians that retinal hemorrhages may be the result of chest compressions given during resuscitative efforts. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of retinal hemorrhages after inpatient cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pediatric patients hospitalized for nontraumatic illnesses in an intensive care unit. DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SETTING Pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS Forty-three pediatric patients receiving at least 1 minute of chest compressions as inpatients and surviving long enough for a retinal examination. Patients were excluded if they were admitted with evidence of trauma, documented retinal hemorrhages before the arrest, suspicion of child abuse, or diagnosis of near-drowning or seizures. All of the precipitating events leading to cardiopulmonary arrest occurred in our intensive care unit, eliminating the possibility of physical abuse as an etiology. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS Examination of the retina was performed by one of two pediatric ophthalmologists within 96 hours of CPR. The chart was reviewed for pertinent demographic information; the platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time proximate to the CPR were recorded if they had been determined. RESULTS A total of 43 pediatric patients hospitalized with nontraumatic illnesses survived 45 episodes of inpatient CPR. The mean age was 23 months (range, 1 month to 15.8 years), and 84% of the patients were under 2 years old. The majority of the patients (44%) were admitted to the intensive care unit after surgery for congenital heart disease, and another 21% were admitted for respiratory failure. The mean duration of chest compressions was 16.4 minutes +/- 17 minutes with 58% lasting between 1 and 10 minutes. Five patients had chest compressions lasting >40 minutes, and two patients had open chest cardiac massage. All patients survived their resuscitative efforts. Ninety-three percent of patients had an elevated prothrombin time and/or partial thromboplastin time while 49% were thrombocytopenic. Sixty-two percent of the patients had low platelet counts and an elevated prothrombin time and/or partial thromboplastin time. Small punctate retinal hemorrhages were found in only one patient. CONCLUSIONS Retinal hemorrhages are rarely found after chest compressions in pediatric patients with nontraumatic illnesses, and those retinal hemorrhages that are found appear to be different from the hemorrhages found in the shaken baby syndrome. Despite the small number of patients in this prospective study, we believe that these data support the idea that chest compressions do not result in retinal hemorrhages in children with a normal coagulation profile and platelet count. A larger number of patients should be evaluated in a prospective multi-institutional study to achieve statistical significance
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Affiliation(s)
- A Odom
- Divisions of Critical Care, Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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Winter JN, Lazarus HM, Rademaker A, Villa M, Mangan C, Tallman M, Jahnke L, Gordon L, Newman S, Byrd K, Cooper BW, Horvath N, Crum E, Stadtmauer EA, Conklin E, Bauman A, Martin J, Goolsby C, Gerson SL, Bender J, O'Gorman M. Phase I/II study of combined granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor administration for the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14:277-86. [PMID: 8558209 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1996.14.1.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the toxicity and efficacy of combined granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administration for mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cohorts of a minimum of five patients each were treated subcutaneously as follows: G-CSF 5 micrograms/kg on days 1 to 12 and GM-CSF at .5, 1, or 5 micrograms/kg on days 7 to 12 (cohorts 1, 2, and 3); GM-CSF 5 micrograms/kg on days 1 to 12 and G-CSF 5 micrograms/kg on days 7 to 12 (cohort 4); and G-CSF and GM-CSF 5 micrograms/kg each on days 1 to 12 (cohort 5). Ten-liter aphereses were performed on days 1 (baseline, pre-CSF), 5, 7, 11, and 13. Colony assays for granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) and erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) were performed on each harvest. RESULTS The principal toxicities were myalgias, bone pain, fever, nausea, and mild thrombocytopenia, but none was dose-limiting. Four days of treatment with either G-CSF or GM-CSF resulted in dramatic and sustained increases in the numbers of CFU-GM per kilogram collected per harvest that represented 35.6 +/- 8.9- and 33.7 +/- 13.0-fold increases over baseline, respectively. This increment was attributable both to increased numbers of mononuclear cells collected per 10-L apheresis and to increased concentrations of progenitors within each collection. The administration of G-CSF to patients already receiving GM-CSF (cohort 4) caused the HPC content to surge to nearly 80-fold the baseline (P = .024); the reverse sequence, ie, the addition of GM-CSF to G-CSF, was less effective. The CFU-GM content of the baseline aphereses correlated with the maximal mobilization achieved (r = .74, P = .001). CONCLUSION Combined G-CSF and GM-CSF administration effectively and predictably mobilizes HPCs and facilitates apheresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Winter
- Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Byrd K. A star is born in Virginia. J AHIMA 1995; 66:34. [PMID: 10141361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Spring T, Byrd K, Carroll P. Point-of-use inventory in cardiac cath labs. Mater Manag Health Care 1993; 2:30, 32-4, 36. [PMID: 10128989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Spring
- St. Joseph's Medical Center, Stockton, CA
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Dillon C, Byrd K, Byrd D. Television and disability. J Rehabil 1980; 46:67-9, 76. [PMID: 6451697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Abstract
Analyses were made of chlorophyll a and b and fatty acids (18:3, 18:2, 18:1, 18:0, 16:2, 16:1, and 16:0) of greening and senescing leaf tissue. Those dark-grown tissues given a prior treatment of red, far red, or red followed by far red light showed similar increases in chlorophylls and linolenate (18:3) when exposed to continuous white light. In contrast, green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves placed in the dark lost chlorophylls and fatty acids, especially 18:3. Senescing cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) leaf tissue showed a decline in chlorophyll and fatty acids, especially again 18:3. Abscisic acid, but not sucrose, accelerated these senescent changes. Radioactive acetate incorporation into the galacto-lipids and phospholipids of senescing cocklebur leaf tissue increased and then the radioactivity of the lipids decreased in senescent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Newman
- Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056
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