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Lyons K, Schmid KK, Ratnapradipa KL, Tibbits M, Watanabe-Galloway S. Comparing bullying to ACEs in the national survey of children's health: Examining 2016-2019 prevalence trends among children and adolescents. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 151:106733. [PMID: 38507921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate adverse childhood experience (ACE) prevalence among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the United States, to examine factors influencing the prevalence of ACEs over the time period 2016-2019, and to examine the difference in bullying trends compared to ACEs in the NSCH. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) is a cross-sectional survey. Participants included respondents who completed the separate surveys for ages 6-11 and 12-17 from 2016 to 2019. METHODS Cumulative ACEs were analyzed to determine the change in prevalence of having at least one ACE, overall and stratified by age group. RESULTS Overall prevalence was highest among income difficulties (16-26 %); parent/guardian divorced or separated (29-31 %); and bullying (21-48 %). There was a significant time trend for income difficulties (decreased; p < 0.001), lived with anyone with a mental illness (increased; p = 0.004), racial/ethnic mistreatment (increased; p = 0.004), and bullying (increased; p < 0.001). Cumulative prevalence trends without bullying decreased significantly from 2016 to 2019 while prevalence trends for bullying increased significantly during this time frame. Sex, age, and race/ethnicity were significantly associated with some of the ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Trend of ACEs varies as prevalence of some ACEs increased while decreasing for others over time. Also, ACEs appear to affect children and adolescents differently according to sex, age group, and racial/ethnic background, which warrants the need to prioritize efforts to decrease the exposure to ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Lyons
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4395, United States of America; Maternal and Child Health Translational Research Team, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 850 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States of America..
| | - Kendra K Schmid
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, United States of America
| | - Kendra L Ratnapradipa
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4395, United States of America
| | - Melissa Tibbits
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986075 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6075, United States of America
| | - Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4395, United States of America
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Tibbits M, Grimm B, Wheelhouse C, Maloney S, Abresch C, Lyons K, Palm D. Utilizing Advocacy to Promote the Adoption and Implementation of Medicaid Policies That Increase Insurance Coverage Among Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:148-154. [PMID: 37865897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth report recommends several Medicaid policies to increase insurance coverage among adolescents: approve Medicaid expansion; eliminate the 5-year Medicaid waiting period for lawfully present adolescent immigrants; increase Medicaid reimbursement rates for adolescent health services to the level of Medicare; and ensure coverage and sufficient reimbursement of comprehensive health services. We designed this study to identify key advocates and factors relevant to adoption and implementation of the recommended Medicaid policies in Nebraska to highlight opportunities for additional advocacy. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews January 2022 with 28 adolescent health and health-care access experts in Nebraska, including representatives from health care, education, government, and nonprofit sectors. We recorded the interviews and transcribed them verbatim, then coded data using NVivo software and identified key themes. RESULTS Participants were unable to identify any Medicaid advocates or advocacy work focused on adolescents, but they did identify 35 organizations working to improve insurance coverage in Nebraska. Coordinated multisector, statewide coalitions secured the adoption of Medicaid expansion through a citizen-supported ballot initiative. Barriers to successful implementation include limited Medicaid outreach to citizens and lawfully present immigrants. Low state government support for increasing Medicaid reimbursement rates and providing comprehensive health services, coupled with the absence of coordinated advocacy, hinder the adoption of these recommendations. DISCUSSION Advocacy efforts should be implemented to increase adoption and implementation of Medicaid policies recommended to increase adolescents' insurance coverage. These efforts must be built on a foundation of knowledge of state government practices and must utilize sustained partnership among multisector advocates, including adolescent-serving professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tibbits
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
| | - Brandon Grimm
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984335 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Carey Wheelhouse
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shannon Maloney
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Chad Abresch
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982170 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kiara Lyons
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - David Palm
- Department of Health Services Research and Administration, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984350 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Gilbert C, Johnson M, Karki B, Lyons K, Tibbits M, Toure D, Rookwood AC, Abresch C. Preventing Job Burnout: Could Workplace Support Protect Maternal and Child Health Professionals Who Are Doing Public Health Equity Work? Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:24-30. [PMID: 38006564 PMCID: PMC10876745 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the potential of workplace support to protect public health equity workers against job burnout and to identify key workplace support components. DESCRIPTION This mixed-methods, explanatory sequential study analyzed survey and interview data collected between August 2020 and June 2021. Participants included governmental and non-governmental public health employees whose programs largely focus on Maternal and Child Health populations and who reported that their jobs involved working to reduce health inequities ("equity work"). Regression analysis tested the effect of emotional labor on job burnout, and whether workplace support modified that effect. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts explored possible components of needed workplace support. ASSESSMENT Emotional labor was positively associated with job burnout (p < .001), and there was a significant negative interaction between emotional labor and workplace support, meaning workplace support appeared to reduce the effect of emotional labor on burnout (p = .036). Qualitative analysis identified four support components: peer-to-peer mentoring connections, workplace accommodations, engaged and empathetic supervision, and mental health resources. CONCLUSION Workplace support is associated with reduced job burnout for public health equity workers, especially those whose jobs involve high levels of emotional labor. Few public health employers are providing needed emotional supports for their equity workers, but certain supports appear to be helpful in reducing job burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Gilbert
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
| | - Marilyn Johnson
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
| | - Bibhusha Karki
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kiara Lyons
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa Tibbits
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
| | - Drissa Toure
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aislinn C Rookwood
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
| | - Chad Abresch
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA.
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Adams L, Lyons K, Monday J, Larkin E, Wyffels J. Costs of parthenogenesis on growth and longevity in ex situ zebra sharks Stegostoma tigrinum. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2023. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Abresch C, Gilbert C, Johnson M, Karki B, Lyons K, Meyer K, Tibbits M, Toure D. Understanding the Emotional Labor of Public Health Equity Work: a Mixed Methods Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1047-1057. [PMID: 35357672 PMCID: PMC8969814 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Rectifying historic race-based health inequities depends on a resilient public health workforce to implement change and dismantle systemic racism in varied organizations and community contexts. Yet, public health equity workers may be vulnerable to job burnout because personal investment in the continual struggle against inequality exacts an emotional toll. Our study sought to quantify the presence of emotional labor in public health equity work and better understand its dimensions. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study of public health equity workers focused on maternal and child health in the USA. Participants completed a survey on the emotional demands of their public health equity work. A subset of survey respondents was interviewed to gain a better understanding of the emotional toll and support received to cope. Results Public health equity work was found to involve high levels of emotional labor (M = 5.61, range = 1–7). A positive association was noted between personal efficacy (i.e., belief in one’s ability to do equity work well) and increased job satisfaction. However, burnout increased when equity workers did not receive adequate support for their emotional labor. Qualitative analysis revealed eight themes depicting the emotional burden, benefits and drawbacks, and coping strategies of public health equity work. Conclusions Public health equity workers report high degrees of emotional labor and inadequate workplace support to cope with the demands. In our study, workplace support was associated with higher job satisfaction and lower burnout. Research is urgently needed to develop and scale an effective model to support public health equity workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Abresch
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Carol Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Marilyn Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bibhusha Karki
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kiara Lyons
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Karly Meyer
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melissa Tibbits
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Drissa Toure
- Department of Education and Child Development, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Herity N, Lyons K, Burns L, Hookham M, McKeeman G. Recurrent chest pain, falsely raised troponin and assay interference. QJM 2021; 114:403-404. [PMID: 33533906 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Herity
- Belfast HSC Trust, First Floor, West Wing, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - K Lyons
- Northern HSC Trust, Antrim Area Hospital, Bush Road, Antrim BT41 2RL, UK
| | - L Burns
- Belfast HSC Trust, First Floor, West Wing, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - M Hookham
- Belfast HSC Trust, First Floor, West Wing, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - G McKeeman
- Belfast HSC Trust, First Floor, West Wing, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
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Grimm B, Ramos AK, Maloney S, Abresch C, Tibbits M, Lyons K, Palm D. The Most Important Skills Required by Local Public Health Departments for Responding to Community Needs and Improving Health Outcomes. J Community Health 2021; 47:79-86. [PMID: 34387813 PMCID: PMC8361828 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-01020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, Public Health 3.0 was introduced, providing recommendations that expand traditional public department functions and programs. Operationalizing the framework requires that local health departments invest in the requisite professional skills to respond to their community's needs. The purpose of this paper is to determine the professional skills that are most important for local health departments to respond to large public health issues and challenges that are having a major impact on their communities. The study used a cross-sectional assessment of the education and training needs of local public health departments in Nebraska following the principles of practice-based systems research. The assessment was designed to assess the training and education needs of local health department staff members. The questions measured the perceived importance of and respondent's capacity across 57 core competencies for public health professionals modified from the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice. A total of 104 staff members from seven local health departments were requested to complete the assessment and 100% of the individuals responded to and completed the assessment. Twenty-eight skills were identified as the most important skills needed for local health departments. The skills were themed and categorized into four domains. (1) Data, Evaluation, and Quality Improvement, (2) Community Engagement and Facilitation, (3) Systems Thinking and Leadership, and (4) Policy and Advocacy. The results from this analysis provide direction to strengthen and transform the public health system into one that is connected, responsive, and nimble. Additionally, it also highlighted a glaring omission that Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion should be included as the fifth domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Grimm
- Office of Public Health Practice, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4335, USA.
| | - Athena K Ramos
- Department of Health Promotion, Center for Reducing Health Disparities, Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH), Office of Latino Latin American Studies (UNO OLLAS), College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4340, USA
| | - Shannon Maloney
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4340, USA
| | - Chad Abresch
- Department of Pediatrics, CityMatCH, Division of Child Health Policy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2155, USA
| | - Melissa Tibbits
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA
| | - Kiara Lyons
- Department of Pediatrics, CityMatCH, Division of Child Health Policy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2170, USA
| | - David Palm
- Department of Health Services Research and Administration, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4350, USA
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Tibbits M, Lyons K, Abresch C. The 'A' is the Weakest Link: What Local Health Departments are Doing to Improve Adolescent Health. Matern Child Health J 2020; 25:368-376. [PMID: 33231822 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although adolescence is a critical developmental period, there has not been coordinated effort to comprehensively address adolescent health within the field of maternal and child health (MCH). In order to inform future adolescent health efforts, MCH leaders in local health departments were asked to reflect on the greatest health challenges facing adolescents in their communities, the causes of these health challenges, the interventions currently implemented to promote adolescent health, and additional intervention needs. DESCRIPTION 15 interviews were conducted in 2018 with 13 city and county health departments and two community-based agencies (N = 19). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Mutually agreed upon themes were determined by the research team and these themes were used to code the transcripts. RESULTS Mental and behavioral health and sexual and reproductive health issues were perceived to be the greatest health challenges facing adolescents. Participants attributed these health issues to the social determinants of health and adverse childhood experiences. Although all health departments offered sexual and reproductive health interventions, few implemented mental and behavioral health interventions. Insufficient funding and collaboration challenges were the major barriers impeding the implementation of additional coordinated adolescent health interventions. CONCLUSION Coordinated funding and technical assistance will be needed to enable MCH professionals in local health to realize their potential to improve the health of adolescents. Specific observations and opportunities were addressed in efforts to create conversation that would lead to an improvement in adolescent health services within local health departments, as well as communities and the field of MCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tibbits
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4365, USA.
| | - Kiara Lyons
- CityMatCH, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982170 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2170, USA
| | - Chad Abresch
- CityMatCH, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982170 NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-2170, USA
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Lyons K, Le LC, Pham YTH, Borron C, Park JY, Tran CTD, Tran TV, Tran HTT, Vu KT, Do CD, Pelucchi C, La Vecchia C, Zgibor J, Boffetta P, Luu HN. Gastric cancer: epidemiology, biology, and prevention: a mini review. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 28:397-412. [PMID: 31386635 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The objective of this article is to review the epidemiology and biology of gastric cancer risk. This literature review explores the biological, clinical, and environmental factors that influence the rates of this disease and discuss the different intervention methods that may not only increase the awareness of gastric cancer but also increase screening in efforts to reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer. Additional risk factors include geographical location, age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, dietary intake, and genetics. Primary and secondary prevention strategies such as dietary modifications and screenings are important measures for reducing the risk of gastric cancer. Interventions, such as H. pylori eradication through chemoprevention trials, have shown some potential as a preventative strategy. Although knowledge about gastric cancer risk has greatly increased, future research is warranted on the differentiation of gastric cancer epidemiology by subsite and exploring the interactions between H. pylori infection, genetics, and environmental factors. Better understanding of these relationships can help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing the risk of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Lyons
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida
| | - Linh C Le
- VinUniversity Project-Health Sciences.,Vinmec Healthcare System
| | | | - Claire Borron
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York City, New York
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chi T D Tran
- Vietnam Colorectal Cancer and Polyp Research Program, Vinmec Healthcare System
| | - Thuan V Tran
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute
| | - Huong T-T Tran
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute
| | - Khanh T Vu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bach Mai Hospital
| | - Cuong D Do
- Department of Infectious Disease, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Janice Zgibor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York City, New York
| | - Hung N Luu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health.,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Hillman Cancer Canter, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Lyons K, Bigman JS, Kacev D, Mull CG, Carlisle AB, Imhoff JL, Anderson JM, Weng KC, Galloway AS, Cave E, Gunn TR, Lowe CG, Brill RW, Bedore CN. Bridging disciplines to advance elasmobranch conservation: applications of physiological ecology. Conserv Physiol 2019; 7:coz011. [PMID: 31110763 PMCID: PMC6519003 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A strength of physiological ecology is its incorporation of aspects of both species' ecology and physiology; this holistic approach is needed to address current and future anthropogenic stressors affecting elasmobranch fishes that range from overexploitation to the effects of climate change. For example, physiology is one of several key determinants of an organism's ecological niche (along with evolutionary constraints and ecological interactions). The fundamental role of physiology in niche determination led to the development of the field of physiological ecology. This approach considers physiological mechanisms in the context of the environment to understand mechanistic variations that beget ecological trends. Physiological ecology, as an integrative discipline, has recently experienced a resurgence with respect to conservation applications, largely in conjunction with technological advances that extended physiological work from the lab into the natural world. This is of critical importance for species such as elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays), which are an especially understudied and threatened group of vertebrates. In 2017, at the American Elasmobranch Society meeting in Austin, Texas, the symposium entitled `Applications of Physiological Ecology in Elasmobranch Research' provided a platform for researchers to showcase work in which ecological questions were examined through a physiological lens. Here, we highlight the research presented at this symposium, which emphasized the strength of linking physiological tools with ecological questions. We also demonstrate the applicability of using physiological ecology research as a method to approach conservation issues, and advocate for a more available framework whereby results are more easily accessible for their implementation into management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lyons
- Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J S Bigman
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - D Kacev
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C G Mull
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | | | - J L Imhoff
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, St. Teresa, FL, USA
| | - J M Anderson
- University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - K C Weng
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - A S Galloway
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, SC, USA
| | - E Cave
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - T R Gunn
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA USA
| | - C G Lowe
- California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - R W Brill
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - C N Bedore
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA USA
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McCarthy M, Lyons K, Schellinger J, Stapleton K, Bakas T. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP CHALLENGES AMONG STROKE SURVIVORS AND FAMILY CAREGIVERS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy031.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M McCarthy
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences - Social Work
| | | | | | | | - T Bakas
- . University of Cincinnati - College of Nursing
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Medysky M, Lyons K, Dieckmann N, Sullivan D, Winters K. A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL FUNCTION, MENTAL HEALTH AND FATIGUE IN LUNG CANCER SURVIVORS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Medysky
- Oregon Health and Science University
| | - K Lyons
- Connell School of Nursing, Boston College
| | | | - D Sullivan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine
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Flynn T, Altamirano CD, García HR, Campos RB, Moya JZ, Larochelle E, Romano M, Cervinski M, Lyons K, Spaller M, Kennedy L, Bejarano S, Tsongalis G, Huyck K. Reducing Dermal Exposure to Agrochemical Carcinogens Using a Fluorescent Dye-Based Intervention Among Subsistence Farmers in Rural Honduras. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.72800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Occupational exposure to agrochemicals, some of which are known or suspected carcinogens, is a major health hazard for subsistence agricultural workers and their families. These impacts are more prevalent in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) due to weak regulations, lack of awareness of the risks of contamination, general lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), and low literacy about proper agrochemical application techniques. Fluorescent tracer dyes have been described as a means of visualizing and quantifying dermal exposure to agricultural chemicals, and dye techniques adapted for LMICs have been developed previously. These tracer dyes have also been used in educational demonstrations about pesticide safety. However, studies evaluating the efficacy of these educational dye interventions in reducing exposure have been lacking. Aim: To evaluate whether observing one's own chemical contamination after applying agrochemicals changed the amount of occupational dermal exposure during a subsequent chemical application. Methods: We used a multimodal community intervention in a rural village in Honduras that incorporated chemical safety education and use of a fluorescent tracer dye during pesticide application and compared dermal exposure between the intervention group (previous dye experience and safety education) and the control group (safety education only). Results: Mean total visual score (TVS) of the tracer dye, which accounts for both extent and intensity of contamination, was lower among those who had previously experienced the dye intervention (mean TVS=41.3) than among participants who were dye-naïve (mean TVS=78.4), with a difference between means of -37.10 (95% CI [-66.26, -7.95], P = 0.02). Conclusion: That workers who had experienced the dye demonstration once before were significantly less contaminated on average when compared with the dye-naïve group indicates that a multimodal community intervention that utilizes fluorescent dye visualization may be effective in reducing dermal exposure to carcinogenic agrochemicals among subsistence farmers in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.G. Flynn
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Romano
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Epidemiology, Hanover, NH
| | - M. Cervinski
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Lebanon, NH
| | - K. Lyons
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lebanon, NH
| | - M. Spaller
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - L. Kennedy
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - S. Bejarano
- La Liga Contra Cancer, Department of Oncology, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - G.J. Tsongalis
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology–Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology, Lebanon, NH
| | - K. Huyck
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lebanon, NH
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Primary Care, Lebanon, NH
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Faidley TD, Leiting B, Pryor KD, Lyons K, Hickey GJ, Thompson DR. Inhibition of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Does Not Increase Circulating IGF-1 Concentrations in Growing Pigs. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:1373-8. [PMID: 16946406 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inactivates a variety of bioactive peptides, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). Inhibiting DPP-IV in order to increase circulating GLP-1 is of interest as a treatment for Type II diabetes. Inactivation of DPP-IV may also increase circulating GHRH, potentially enhancing growth in domestic animals. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of DPP-IV activity will influence the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis, growing pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus, 78 kg) were treated with a DPP-IV inhibitor (Compound 1, the 2,5-difluorophenyl analog of the triazolopiperazine MK0431, sitagliptin), and plasma concentrations of IGF-1 were monitored. Pigs were administered either sterile saline (0.11 ml/kg followed by a continuous infusion at 2 ml/hr for 72 hrs, controls, n = 2), Compound 1 (2.78 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion at 0.327 mg/kg·hr for 72 hrs, n = 4) or GHRH (0.11 ml/kg sterile saline, followed by a continuous infusion of GHRH at 2.5 μg/kg hr for 48 hrs, n = 4). Plasma concentrations of Compound 1 were maintained at 1 μM, which resulted in a 90% inhibition of circulating DPP-IV activity. Relative to the predose 24-hr period, area under the IGF-1 concentration curve (AUC) tended to be lower (P = 0.062) with Compound 1 (–79 ± 130 ng/ml hr) than controls (543 ± 330 ng/ml hr). GHRH treatment increased the IGF-1 AUC (1210 ± 160 ng/ml hr, P = 0.049 vs. controls and P = 0.001 vs. Compound 1). We conclude that inhibition of DPP-IV does not alter the circulating levels of IGF-1 in the growing pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Faidley
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Branchburg Farm, 203 River Road, Somerville, NJ 08876, USA.
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15
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Lyons K, Lerma K, Shaw K. Body mass index (BMI) and procedure time in first- and second-trimester abortion: a retrospective chart review. Contraception 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Lyons RE, Waine D, Collis E, Lyons K, Frost L, Kelly M. P1031 Genetic and genomic testing of cattle from tissue sample units under Australian conditions. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement430x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Lyons K, Preti A, Madigan DJ, Wells RJD, Blasius ME, Snodgrass OE, Kacev D, Harris JD, Dewar H, Kohin S, MacKenzie K, Lowe CG. Insights into the life history and ecology of a large shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus captured in southern California. J Fish Biol 2015; 87:200-211. [PMID: 25998058 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In June 2013, a record-breaking female Isurus oxyrinchus (total length 373 cm, mass 600 kg) was captured by rod and reel off Huntington Beach, California, where it was subsequently donated to research and provided a rare opportunity to collect the first data for a female I. oxyrinchus of this size. Counts of vertebral band pairs estimate the shark to have been c. 22 years old, depending upon assumptions of band-pair deposition rates, and the distended uteri and spent ovaries indicated that this shark had recently given birth. The stomach contained a c. 4 year-old female California sea lion Zalophus californianus that confirmed the high trophic position of this large I. oxyrinchus, which was corroborated with the high levels of measured contaminants and tissue isotope analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lyons
- California State University Long Beach, Department of Biological Sciences, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840, U.S.A
| | - A Preti
- Ocean Associates, Incorporated, 4007 N Abingdon Street, Arlington, VA 22207, U.S.A
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - D J Madigan
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 105 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, U.S.A
| | - R J D Wells
- Texas A & M University Galveston, Department of Marine Biology, 1001 Texas Clipper Rd, Galveston, TX 775543, U.S.A
| | - M E Blasius
- California State University Long Beach, Department of Biological Sciences, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840, U.S.A
| | - O E Snodgrass
- Ocean Associates, Incorporated, 4007 N Abingdon Street, Arlington, VA 22207, U.S.A
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - D Kacev
- San Diego State University, Biology Department, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, U.S.A
| | - J D Harris
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - H Dewar
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - S Kohin
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A
| | - K MacKenzie
- School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), The University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, Scotland AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | - C G Lowe
- California State University Long Beach, Department of Biological Sciences, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840, U.S.A
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DePasquale E, Pandya K, Lyons K, Reardon L, Nsair A, Deng M, Ardehali A. Outcomes of Heart Transplantation in Adults With Amyloidosis: UNOS Registry Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Pandya K, Lyons K, Nsair A, Baas A, Cadeiras M, Cruz D, Reardon L, Deng M, Ardehali A, Depasquale E. Cardiac Retransplantation: How Far Have We Come? J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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20
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Dunivan G, Ninivaggio C, Lyons K, Jeppson P, Komesu Y, Rogers R. Does Genital Hiatus and Perineal Body Measurements Change with Increasing Prolapse Stage? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Toledo-Sherman L, Prime M, Mitchell W, Brown C, Gaines S, Johnson P, Mitchell W, Pena P, Reed L, Sehmi S, Selvaratnam S, Winkler D, Beconi M, Lyons K, Rassoulpour A, Dijkman U, Powell K, Ward W, Kempf V, Wheelan P, Yates D, Matthews K, Mrzljak L, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. A06 Chdi-00340246, A Kynurenine Monooxygenase Inhibitor As Potential Therapeutic Agent For The Treatment Of Huntington's Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Shiohira S, Yoshida T, Sugiura H, Nishida M, Nitta K, Tsuchiya K, Grampp S, Goppelt-Strube M, Eckardt KU, Schodel J, Kang SW, Kim Y, Seo SK, Kim T, Ong S, Yang WS, Han NJ, Lee JM, Baek CH, Park SK, Kemter E, Aigner B, Wanke R, Troyano Suarez N, Olmos Centenero G, Mora I, Griera M, Cano JL, Martin P, Zamora J, Ruiz-Torres MP, Falke LL, Leask A, Lyons K, Nguyen TQ, Goldschmeding R, Park SK, Kim D, Lee AS, Jung YJ, Yang KH, Lee S, Kim W, Kim W, Kang KP, Garcia-Jerez A, Luengo-Rodriguez A, Ramirez-Chamond R, Carracedo J, Medrano-Andres D, Rodriguez-Puyol D, Calleros L, Kim HW, Park SK, Yang WS, Lee SK, Chang JW, Seo JW, Lee CT, Chou CA, Lee YT, Ng HY, Sanchez-Nino MD, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Perez-Gomez MV, Poveda J, Sanz AB, Cannata-Ortiz P, Egido J, Selgas R, Ortiz A, Ma SK, Kim IJ, Kim CS, Bae EH, Kim SW, Kokeny G, Boo'Si M, Fazekas K, Rosivall L, Mozes MM, Mijuskovic M, Ulrich C, Berger H, Trojanowicz B, Kohler F, Wolf A, Seibert E, Fiedler R, Markau S, Glomb M, Girndt M, Lajdova I, Spustova V, Oksa A, Chorvat D, Marcek Chorvatova A, Choi SO, Kim JS, Han BG, Yang JW, Liu S, Lv J, Chang R, Su F, Liang W, Zawada AM, Rogacev KS, Hundsdorfer J, Sester U, Fliser D, Heine GH, Chen JS, Cheng CW, Chang LC, Wu CZ, Novaes AS, Borges FT, Boim MA, Tramonti G, Romiti N, Chieli E, Hamahata S, Nagasawa Y, Kawabe M, Kida A, Yahiro M, Nanami M, Hasuike Y, Kuragano T, Nakasho K, Ohyama H, Nakanishi T, Tanaka S, Yano S, Sugimoto T, Bae E, Stevens KK, Hillyard DZ, Delles C, Jardine AG, Burke M, Morais C, Soyer P, Sinnya S, Winterford C, Oliver K, Lambie D, Staatz C, Carroll R, Campbell S, Isbel N, Felaco P, Pesce M, Patruno A, Sirolli V, Speranza L, Amoroso L, Franceschelli S, Bonomini M, Thilo F, Zakrzewicz A, Tepel M, Thilo F, Zakrzewicz A, Tepel M, Liu S, Li Y, Liang W, Su F, Wang B. CELL SIGNALLING AND APOPTOSIS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Morris JK, Vidoni ED, Perea RD, Rada R, Johnson DK, Lyons K, Pahwa R, Burns JM, Honea RA. Insulin resistance and gray matter volume in neurodegenerative disease. Neuroscience 2014; 270:139-47. [PMID: 24735819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare insulin resistance in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, and to determine the relationship between insulin resistance and gray matter volume (GMV) in each cohort using an unbiased, voxel-based approach. Insulin resistance was estimated in apparently healthy elderly control (HC, n=21) and neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer's disease (AD), n=20; Parkinson's disease (PD), n=22) groups using Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance 2 (HOMA2) and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). HOMA2 and GMV were assessed within groups through General Linear Model multiple regression. We found that HOMA2 was increased in both AD and PD compared to the HC group (HC vs. AD, p=0.002, HC vs. PD, p=0.003), although only AD subjects exhibited increased fasting glucose (p=0.005). Furthermore, our voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed that HOMA2 was related to GMV in all cohorts in a region-specific manner (p<0.001, uncorrected). Significant relationships were observed in the medial prefrontal cortex (HC), medial temporal regions (AD), and parietal regions (PD). Finally, the directionality of the relationship between HOMA2 and GMV was disease-specific. Both HC and AD subjects exhibited negative relationships between HOMA2 and brain volume (increased HOMA2 associated with decreased brain volume), while a positive relationship was observed in PD. This cross-sectional study suggests that insulin resistance is increased in neurodegenerative disease, and that individuals with AD appear to have more severe metabolic dysfunction than individuals with PD or PD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States; Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
| | - E D Vidoni
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States; Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
| | - R D Perea
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States; Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
| | - R Rada
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
| | - D K Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - K Lyons
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
| | - R Pahwa
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
| | - J M Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States; Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
| | - R A Honea
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States; Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Spence MS, Lyons K, McVerry F, Smith B, Manoharan GB, Maguire C, Doherty R, Anderson L, Morton A, Hughes S, Hoeritzauer I, Manoharan G. New St. Jude Medical Portico™ transcatheter aortic valve: features and early results. Minerva Cardioangiol 2013; 61:263-269. [PMID: 23681129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with symptomatic aortic valve disease who are inoperable or have high surgery-related risks may be treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation devices. With this method increasingly applied, device innovations are aimed at achieving improved procedural results and therapeutic outcome. This paper describes the innovations implemented in the St. Jude Medical Portico™ system for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, the application of this system and initial clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Spence
- Belfast Heart Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Trust, Belfast, UK.
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Abstract
This review is to explore the factors affecting the uptake of skilled birth attendants for delivery and the issues associated with women's role and choices of maternal health care service for delivery in Nepal. Literature was reviewed across the globe and discussed in a Nepalese context. Delivery by Skilled Birth Attendance serves as an indicator of progress towards reducing maternal mortality worldwide, the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Nepal has committed to reducing its maternal mortality by 75% by 2015 through ensuring accessibility to the availability and utilisation of skilled care at every birth. The literature suggests that several socio-economic, cultural and religious factors play a significant role in the use of Skilled Birth Attendance for delivery in Nepal. Availability of transportation and distance to the health facility; poor infrastructure and lack of services; availability and accessibility of the services; cost and convenience; staff shortages and attitudes; gender inequality; status of women in society; women's involvement in decision making; and women's autonomy and place of residence are significant contributing factors for uptake of Skilled Birth Attendance for delivery in Nepal. The review found more quantitative research studies exploring the determinants of utilisation of the maternal health services during pregnancy in Nepal than qualitative studies. Findings of quantitative research show that different social demographic, economic, socio-cultural and religious factors are responsible for the utilisation of maternal health services but very few studies discussed how and why these factors are responsible for utilisation of skilled birth attendants in pregnancy. It is suggested that there is need for more qualitative research to explore the women's role and choice regarding use of skilled birth attendants services and to find out how and why these factors are responsible for utilisation of skilled birth attendants for delivery. Qualitative research will help further exploration of the issues and contribute to improvement of maternal health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Baral
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, Ladbroke House, London Metropolitan University, UK.
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Russo J, Armeson K, Bertke M, Lyons K, Sharma A. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in Advanced Inoperable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Toxicity, Survival, and Patterns of Failure. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Malek IA, King A, Sharma H, Malek S, Lyons K, Jones S, John A. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of raised plasma metal ion levels in the diagnosis of adverse reaction to metal debris in symptomatic patients with a metal-on-metal arthroplasty of the hip. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:1045-50. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b8.27626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of cobalt and chromium ions and Metal Artefact Reduction Sequence (MARS)-MRI scans were performed on patients with 209 consecutive, unilateral, symptomatic metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties. There was wide variation in plasma cobalt and chromium levels, and MARS-MRI scans were positive for adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) in 84 hips (40%). There was a significant difference in the median plasma cobalt and chromium levels between those with positive and negative MARS-MRI scans (p < 0.001). Compared with MARS-MRI as the potential reference standard for the diagnosis of ARMD, the sensitivity of metal ion analysis for cobalt or chromium with a cut-off of > 7 µg/l was 57%. The specificity was 65%, positive predictive value was 52% and the negative predictive value was 69% in symptomatic patients. A lowered threshold of > 3.5 µg/l for cobalt and chromium ion levels improved the sensitivity and negative predictive value to 86% and 74% but at the expense of specificity (27%) and positive predictive value (44%). Metal ion analysis is not recommended as a sole indirect screening test in the surveillance of symptomatic patients with a MoM arthroplasty. The investigating clinicians should have a low threshold for obtaining cross-sectional imaging in these patients, even in the presence of low plasma metal ion levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A. Malek
- Wales Deanery, Neuadd
Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14
4YS, UK
| | - A. King
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath
Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - H. Sharma
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath
Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - S. Malek
- St. Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals
NHS Trust, Marshalls Cross Road, St Helens
WA9 3DA, UK
| | - K. Lyons
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath
Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - S. Jones
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath
Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - A. John
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath
Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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28
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical considerations related to increasing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) when restoring a patient's dentition. Thorough extraoral and intraoral evaluations are mandatory to assess the suitability of increasing OVD. In the literature, multiple techniques have been proposed to quantify OVD loss. However, the techniques lack consistency and reliability, which in turn affects the decision of whether to increase the OVD. Therefore, increasing OVD should be determined on the basis of the dental restorative needs and aesthetic demands. In general, a minimal increase in OVD should be applied, though a 5 mm maximum increase in OVD can be justified to provide adequate occlusal space for the restorative material and to improve anterior teeth aesthetics. The literature reflects the safety of increasing the OVD permanently, and although signs and symptoms may develop, these are usually of an interim nature. Whenever indicated, the increase in OVD should be achieved with fixed restorations rather than a removable appliance, due to the predictable patient adaptation. The exception to this is for patients with TMD, where increasing the OVD should still be achieved using removable appliances to control TMD-associated symptoms before considering any form of irreversible procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abduo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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Lyons K, Salsbury S, Hondras M, Jones M, Andresen A, Goertz C. P05.59. Older adults’ attitudes on collaborative care of low back pain by doctors of chiropractic and medical doctors: a focus group study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373823 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Goertz C, Salsbury S, Vining R, Andresen A, Hondras M, Jones M, Killinger L, Long C, Lyons K, Wallace R. P03.09. Development of an interprofessional model of collaborative care by doctors of chiropractic and medical doctors for older adults with low back pain. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373706 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yount C, Lyons K, Rahnema S, McDonald D, Peng J, Vanek K. SU-E-J-193: Gamma Knife Perfexion End-To-End Testing with a Commercial Stereotactic Phantom. Med Phys 2012; 39:3697. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Elble R, LeWitt P, Lyons K, Ondo W, Pahwa R, Sethi K, Stover N, Tarsy D, Testa C, Tintner R, Zesiewicz T. Inter-Rater Reliability of the Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) (S32.004). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s32.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mukhopadhyay S, Metcalfe A, Guha AR, Mohanty K, Hemmadi S, Lyons K, O'Doherty D. Malreduction of syndesmosis--are we considering the anatomical variation? Injury 2011; 42:1073-6. [PMID: 21550047 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the need for accurate reduction of ankle syndesmosis. Measurement of syndesmosis is difficult on plain radiographs. A computed tomography (CT) scan allows better visualisation of the transverse relationship between the fibula and incisura fibularis. The difference ('G' a term we coined for ease of description) between the fibula and the anterior and posterior facets of the incisura fibularis was compared between normal and injured ankles following syndesmotic fixation in 19 patients. The mean diastasis (MD) was also calculated, representing the average measurement between the fibula and the anterior and posterior incisura. When compared with the normal side, eight out of 19 (42%) cases were found to have a residual diastasis even after fixation across the syndesmosis. However, if a standard value of G (2mm) was used for the injured leg only, all of the 19 cases would have abnormal values of 'G' following reduction. Our study has clearly demonstrated the need for individualising the assessment method to guide surgeons and radiologists prior to revision surgery. A standard value of 'G' of 2mm as the normal limit cannot be applied universally, as apparent from the data presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK.
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Abstract
Tooth wear has been recognised as a major problem in dentistry. Epidemiological studies have reported an increasing prevalence of tooth wear and general dental practitioners see a greater number of patients seeking treatment with worn dentition. Although the dental literature contains numerous publications related to management and rehabilitation of tooth wear of varying aetiologies, our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of tooth wear is still limited. The wear behaviour of dental biomaterials has also been extensively researched to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and for the development of restorative materials with good wear resistance. The complex nature of tooth wear indicates challenges for conducting in vitro and in vivo wear investigations and a clear correlation between in vitro and in vivo data has not been established. The objective was to critically review the peer reviewed English-language literature pertaining to prevalence and aetiology of tooth wear and wear investigations in dentistry identified through a Medline search engine combined with hand-searching of the relevant literature, covering the period between 1960 and 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lee
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abduo
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Zirconia is unique in its polymorphic crystalline makeup, reported to be sensitive to manufacturing and handling processes, and there is debate about which processing method is least harmful to the final product. Currently, zirconia restorations are manufactured by either soft or hard-milling processes, with the manufacturer of each claiming advantages over the other. Chipping of the veneering porcelain is reported as a common problem and has been labelled as its main clinical setback. The objective of this systematic review is to report on the clinical success of zirconia-based restorations fabricated by both milling processes, in regard to framework fractures and veneering porcelain chipping. A comprehensive review of the literature was completed for in vivo trials on zirconia restorations in MEDLINE and PubMed between 1950 and 2009. A manual hand search of relevant dental journals was also completed. Seventeen clinical trials involving zirconia-based restorations were found, 13 were conducted on fixed partial dentures, two on single crowns and two on zirconia implant abutments, of which 11 were based on soft-milled zirconia and six on hard-milled zirconia. Chipping of the veneering porcelain was a common occurrence, and framework fracture was only observed in soft-milled zirconia. Based on the limited number of short-term in vivo studies, zirconia appears to be suitable for the fabrication of single crowns, and fixed partial dentures and implant abutments providing strict protocols during the manufacturing and delivery process are adhered to. Further long-term prospective studies are necessary to establish the best manufacturing process for zirconia-based restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Al-Amleh
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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37
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Abstract
Zirconia is unique in its polymorphic crystalline makeup, reported to be sensitive to manufacturing and handling processes, and there is debate about which processing method is least harmful to the final product. Currently, zirconia restorations are manufactured by either soft or hard-milling processes, with the manufacturer of each claiming advantages over the other. Chipping of the veneering porcelain is reported as a common problem and has been labelled as its main clinical setback. The objective of this systematic review is to report on the clinical success of zirconia-based restorations fabricated by both milling processes, in regard to framework fractures and veneering porcelain chipping. A comprehensive review of the literature was completed for in vivo trials on zirconia restorations in MEDLINE and PubMed between 1950 and 2009. A manual hand search of relevant dental journals was also completed. Seventeen clinical trials involving zirconia-based restorations were found, 13 were conducted on fixed partial dentures, two on single crowns and two on zirconia implant abutments, of which 11 were based on soft-milled zirconia and six on hard-milled zirconia. Chipping of the veneering porcelain was a common occurrence, and framework fracture was only observed in soft-milled zirconia. Based on the limited number of short-term in vivo studies, zirconia appears to be suitable for the fabrication of single crowns, and fixed partial dentures and implant abutments providing strict protocols during the manufacturing and delivery process are adhered to. Further long-term prospective studies are necessary to establish the best manufacturing process for zirconia-based restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Al-Amleh
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Watts R, Pahwa R, Lyons K, Boroojerdi B. P2.174 Long-term safety of rotigotine transdermal patch in early-stage Parkinson's disease: four year results. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lebedenko VN, Araújo HM, Barnes EJ, Bewick A, Cashmore R, Chepel V, Currie A, Davidge D, Dawson J, Durkin T, Edwards B, Ghag C, Horn M, Howard AS, Hughes AJ, Jones WG, Joshi M, Kalmus GE, Kovalenko AG, Lindote A, Liubarsky I, Lopes MI, Lüscher R, Lyons K, Majewski P, Murphy ASJ, Neves F, da Cunha JP, Preece R, Quenby JJ, Scovell PR, Silva C, Solovov VN, Smith NJT, Smith PF, Stekhanov VN, Sumner TJ, Thorne C, Walker RJ. Limits on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections from the first science run of the ZEPLIN-III experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:151302. [PMID: 19905617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.151302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present new experimental constraints on the WIMP-nucleon spin-dependent elastic cross sections using data from the first science run of ZEPLIN-III, a two-phase xenon experiment searching for galactic dark matter weakly interacting massive particles based at the Boulby mine. Analysis of approximately 450 kg x days fiducial exposure allow us to place a 90%-confidence upper limit on the pure WIMP-neutron cross section of sigma(n)=1.9x10(-2) pb at 55 GeV/c(2) WIMP mass. Recent calculations of the nuclear spin structure based on the Bonn charge-dependent nucleon-nucleon potential were used for the odd-neutron isotopes 129Xe and 131Xe. These indicate that the sensitivity of xenon targets to the spin-dependent WIMP-proton interaction could be much lower than implied by previous calculations, whereas the WIMP-neutron sensitivity is impaired only by a factor of approximately 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Lebedenko
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
We have evaluated retrospectively the relationship of bony injuries seen on 106 consecutive MR scans in elderly patients of a mean age of 81.4 years (67 to 101) who were unable to bear weight after a low-energy injury. There were no visible fractures on plain radiographs of the hip but eight patients (7.5%) had fractures of the pubic ramus. In 43 patients (40.5%) MRI revealed a fracture of the femoral neck and in 26 (24.5%) there was a fracture of a pubic ramus. In 17 patients (16%) MRI showed an occult sacral fracture and all of these had a fracture of the pubic ramus. No patient with a fracture of the femoral neck had an associated fracture of the pelvic ring or vice versa. Occult fracture of the hip and of the pelvic ring appear to be mutually exclusive and if an acute fracture of the pubic ramus is diagnosed radiologically further investigations are not needed to rule out an occult fracture of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Lakshmanan
- Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE4 6BE, UK
| | - A. Sharma
- University Hospital of Wales Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - K. Lyons
- University Hospital of Wales Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - J. P. Peehal
- New Cross Hospital, Wednesfield Road, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, UK
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Abstract
The Fc function of immunoglobulins is commonly determined by an assay based on monitoring immunoglobulin induced, complement mediated red cell lysis. This assay requires a continuous source of fresh red cells. We have shown that the assay can be successfully performed with frozen red cells. The possibility of access to a stored standard stock of red cells will improve the convenience of performing the assay and could contribute to improved assay reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gurevich
- CSL Bioplasma, Research and Development, 189-209 Camp Road, Broadmeadows, Victoria 3047, Australia
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42
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Srinivasan M, Yudelev M, Gutman G, Burmeister J, Lyons K, Joiner M. TH-C-224C-01: Relative Biological Effectiveness(RBE) and Dosimetry of Low Energy Photons(8keV) Generated Using Miniature X-Ray Tubes. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hart RG, Gupta A, Lyons K. A hand research fellowship training programme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 30:515-20. [PMID: 16051402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There are currently 68 hand surgery fellowship programmes known to the authors in the United States and many more throughout the world. To our knowledge, there are no hand fellowships which focus on research. Such a hand surgery research fellowship is being developed to provide this training. This paper outlines the goals and objectives of the intended 2 year training programme and includes a description of the fellowship. The first year would be mostly committed to learning research methods and the second would be a clinical hand fellowship. This will combine clinical expertise in hand surgery, practical research experience and formal research training. Hand researchers would learn research methods, develop innovative research ideas and begin an active research and academic career.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Hart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louiseville, Kentucky, USA.
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Henriquez FL, Nickdel MB, McLeod R, Lyons RE, Lyons K, Dubremetz JF, Grigg ME, Samuel BU, Roberts CW. Toxoplasma gondiidense granule protein 3 (GRA3) is a type I transmembrane protein that possesses a cytoplasmic dilysine (KKXX) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval motif. Parasitology 2005; 131:169-79. [PMID: 16149193 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005007559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies using antibodies to immunolocalize theToxoplasma gondiidense granule protein GRA3, have shown that this protein associates strongly with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). However, as there was no predicted membrane-spanning domain this highlighted an unanswered paradox. We demonstrate that the previously published sequence for GRA3 is actually an artificial chimera of 2 proteins. One protein, of molecular weight 65 kDa, shares the C-terminus with published GRA3 and possesses no significant sequence similarity with any protein thus far deposited in Genbank. The second, with a predicted molecular weight of 24 kDa shares the N-terminal region, is recognized by the monoclonal antibody 2H11 known to react with the dense granules ofT. gondiiand is therefore the authentic GRA3. The corrected GRA3 has an N-terminal secretory signal sequence and a transmembrane domain consistent with its insertion into the PVM. Antibodies to recombinant GRA3 recognize a protein of 24 kDa inT. gondiiexcretory–secretory antigen preparations. The signal peptide is necessary and sufficient to target GFP to the dense granules and parasitophorous vacuole. A homologue was identified inNeospora caninum. Finally, GRA3 possesses a dilysine ‘KKXX’ endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval motif that rationalizes its association with PVM and possibly the host cell ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Henriquez
- Department of Immunology, Strathclyde Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 ONR, Scotland, UK.
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Nguyen BN, Pierson R, Schroeder C, Zhang T, Wu G, Hammed A, Peterson L, Azimzadeh A, Lyons K, Singer I, DeMartino J. COMBINATION OF CCR5 BLOCKADE AND CYCLOSPORINE A ATTENUATES CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES. Transplantation 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200407271-01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Lyons K, Shallcross J, Bakran A. Eight years experience of reimbursement costs associated with an active living kidney donor programme. Transplantation 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200407271-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Poole K, Hood K, Davis BD, Monypenny IJ, Sweetland H, Webster DJ, Lyons K, Mansel RE. Psychological distress associated with waiting for results of diagnostic investigations for breast disease. Breast 2004; 8:334-8. [PMID: 14731462 DOI: 10.1054/brst.1999.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a multi-method research project investigating the psychological distress associated with waiting for results of diagnostic investigations in a delayed-results breast clinic. A cohort of 126 women completed standardized psychometric instruments to assess anxiety, mood and coping over 3 days. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 respondents. The findings indicate that waiting sustained but did not exacerbate psychological distress. Peri-diagnostic anxiety, depression, uncertainty and confusion were associated with anxiety levels immediately following triple assessment. Women leaving the clinic with low anxiety retained this composure throughout the peri-diagnostic period. Those in the moderate and high anxiety groups recorded sustained anxiety, depression, uncertainty and confusion, with mean scores comparable to and exceeding those reported by psychiatric out-patients. Coping during the waiting period was typically accomplished by emotion-focused strategies. Qualitative data suggested the delayed-results clinic structure may facilitate psychological preparation for test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Poole
- University of Wales College of Medicine, Division of General Practice, Cardiff, UK.
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48
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van der Walt JM, Martin ER, Scott WK, Zhang F, Nance MA, Watts RL, Hubble JP, Haines JL, Koller WC, Lyons K, Pahwa R, Stern MB, Colcher A, Hiner BC, Jankovic J, Ondo WG, Allen FH, Goetz CG, Small GW, Mastaglia F, Roses AD, Stajich JM, Booze MW, Fujiwara K, Gibson RA, Middleton LT, Scott BL, Pericak-Vance MA, Vance JM. Genetic polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase genes and risk of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2003; 60:1189-91. [PMID: 12682333 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000055929.84668.9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the authors demonstrated linkage in idiopathic PD to a region on chromosome 8p that contains the N-acetyltransferase genes, NAT1 and NAT2. The authors examined NAT1 and NAT2 for association with PD using family-based association methods and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The authors did not find evidence for association with increased risk for PD between any individual NAT1 or NAT2 SNP or acetylation haplotype (N = 397 families, 1,580 individuals).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M van der Walt
- Department of Medicine and Center for Human Genetics, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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49
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Brigstock DR, Goldschmeding R, Katsube KI, Lam SCT, Lau LF, Lyons K, Naus C, Perbal B, Riser B, Takigawa M, Yeger H. Proposal for a unified CCN nomenclature. Mol Pathol 2003; 56:127-8. [PMID: 12665631 PMCID: PMC1187305 DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A proposal is put forth to unify the nomenclature of the CCN family of secreted, cysteine rich regulatory proteins. In the order of their description in the literature, CCN1 (CYR61), CCN2 (CTGF), CCN3 (NOV), CCN4 (WISP-1), CCN5 (WISP-2), and CCN6 (WISP-3) constitute a family of matricellular proteins that regulate cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation, at least in part through integrin mediated mechanisms. This proposal is endorsed by the International CCN Society and will serve to eliminate confusion from the multiple names that have been given to these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Brigstock
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Colombus, Ohio 43205, USA
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50
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Warren RML, Young JR, McLean L, Lyons K, Wilson ARM, Evans A, Duffy SW, Warsi IM. Radiology review of the UKCCCR Breast Screening Frequency Trial: potential improvements in sensitivity and lead time of radiological signs. Clin Radiol 2003; 58:128-32. [PMID: 12623041 DOI: 10.1053/crad.2002.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review all previous mammograms of breast cancer cases diagnosed during a randomized trial comparing 3 yearly to annual mammographic screening with a view to identifying and quantifying cases that might potentially have been diagnosed earlier. METHODS Mammograms of 602 breast cancer cases (399 screen-detected and 203 interval cases) were reviewed in chronological order and suspicious radiological features noted for each mammogram, up to and including the diagnostic mammogram. RESULTS Of the 602 cases, 79 (13%) had features at diagnosis that were visible on previous mammograms, suggesting a sensitivity of interpretation of 87%. A similar proportion of screen-detected (14%) and interval cancers (11%) had signs at diagnosis that were visible on previous mammograms. The potential for improvement was particularly noted for asymmetric density (sensitivity = 77%, average time visible before diagnosis 14 months) and parenchymal deformity/stellate lesion (sensitivity = 81%, average time visible before diagnosis 12 months). CONCLUSION The highest sensitivity was observed for comedo-type microcalcifications (sensitivity = 97%, average time visible before diagnosis 5 months). By improvements in sensitivity to asymmetric density and parenchymal deformity/stellate lesion, 4% of tumours could have their time of diagnosis advanced substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M L Warren
- Department of Radiology, St Margaret's Hospital, Epping, UK.
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