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Hou KK, Aldave AJ, Kreiger AE. Chronic hypotony and uveitis managed with pars plana vitrectomy, silicone oil tamponade, and permanent keratoprosthesis. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2023:01271216-990000000-00211. [PMID: 37603441 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report a case of silicone oil placement after Boston Type 1 keratoprosthesis implantation for improvement and maintenance of intraocular pressure in a patient with chronic hypotony secondary to chronic uveitis. METHODS Observational case report. RESULTS A 54-year-old female with a history of bilateral chronic panuveitis and subsequent hypotony presented with progressive corneal decompensation and band keratopathy in her better-seeing left eye. Her CDVA in her left eye declined from count fingers at 3' to hand motion. In an effort to clear the visual axis and stabilize intraocular pressure, implantation of a Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis combined with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection was performed. Post operatively, the intraocular pressure improved to the mid-teens and vision improved to count fingers at 4'with a follow-up of 2 years. CONCLUSION Pars plana vitrectomy and injection of silicone oil after placement of a Boston Type 1 keratoprosthesis can successfully improve and maintain intraocular pressure in eyes affected by chronic uveitis with ciliary body atrophy and chronic hypotony. This strategy effectively reverses such problems as hypotony maculopathy, disk swelling, scleral infolding, and corneal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk K Hou
- Retina Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony J Aldave
- Cornea and External Diseases, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Allan E Kreiger
- Retina Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Wickline SA, Hou KK, Pan H. Peptide-Based Nanoparticles for Systemic Extrahepatic Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119455. [PMID: 37298407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based nanoparticles (PBN) for nucleotide complexation and targeting of extrahepatic diseases are gaining recognition as potent pharmaceutical vehicles for fine-tuned control of protein production (up- and/or down-regulation) and for gene delivery. Herein, we review the principles and mechanisms underpinning self-assembled formation of PBN, cellular uptake, endosomal release, and delivery to extrahepatic disease sites after systemic administration. Selected examples of PBN that have demonstrated recent proof of concept in disease models in vivo are summarized to offer the reader a comparative view of the field and the possibilities for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Wickline
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kirk K Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Rossin EJ, Tsui I, Wong SC, Hou KK, Prakhunhungsit S, Blair MP, Shapiro MJ, Leishman L, Nagiel A, Lifton JA, Quiram P, Ringeisen AL, Henderson RH, Arruti N, Buzzacco DM, Kusaka S, Ferrone PJ, Belin PJ, Chang E, Hubschman JP, Murray TG, Leung EH, Wu WC, Olsen KR, Harper CA, Rahmani S, Goldstein J, Lee T, Nudleman E, Cernichiaro-Espinosa LA, Chhablani J, Berrocal AM, Yonekawa Y. Traumatic Retinal Detachment in Patients with Self-Injurious Behavior: An International Multicenter Study. Ophthalmol Retina 2020; 5:805-814. [PMID: 33238225 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and management recommendations in patients with traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) resulting from self-injurious behavior (SIB). DESIGN International, multicenter, retrospective, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS Patients with SIB from 23 centers with RRD in at least 1 eye. METHODS Clinical histories, preoperative assessment, surgical details, postoperative management, behavioral intervention, and follow-up examination findings were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rate of single-surgery anatomic success (SSAS) was the primary outcome. Other outcomes included new RRD in formerly attached eyes, final retinal reattachment, and final visual acuity. RESULTS One hundred seven eyes with RRDs were included from 78 patients. Fifty-four percent of patients had bilateral RRD or phthisis bulbi in the fellow eye at final follow-up. The most common systemic diagnoses were autism spectrum disorder (35.9%) and trisomy 21 (21.8%) and the most common behavior was face hitting (74.4%). The average follow-up time was 3.3 ± 2.8 years, and surgical outcomes for operable eyes were restricted to patients with at least 3 months of follow-up (81 eyes). Primary initial surgeries were vitrectomy alone (33.3%), primary scleral buckle (SB; 26.9%), and vitrectomy with SB (39.7%), and 5 prophylactic SBs were placed. Twenty-three eyes (21.5%) with RRDs were inoperable. The SSAS was 23.1% without tamponade (37.2% if including silicone oil), and final reattachment was attained in 80% (36.3% without silicone oil tamponade). Funnel-configured RRD (P = 0.006) and the presence of grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P = 0.002) correlated with re-detachment. The use of an SB predicted the final attachment rate during the initial surgery (P = 0.005) or at any surgery (P = 0.008. These associations held if restricting to 64 patients with ≥12 months followup. Anatomic reattachment correlated with better visual acuity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RRD resulting from SIB poses therapeutic challenges because of limited patient cooperation, bilateral involvement, chronicity, and ongoing trauma in vulnerable and neglected patients. The surgical success rates were some of the lowest in the modern retinal detachment literature. The use of an SB may result in better outcomes, and visual function can be restored in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Rossin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irena Tsui
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sui Chien Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirk K Hou
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Nagiel
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jacob A Lifton
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Polly Quiram
- VitreoRetinal Surgery, PA, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Robert H Henderson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Peter J Belin
- Long Island Vitreoretinal Consultants, Great Neck, New York
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Hubschman
- Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Ella H Leung
- Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Karl R Olsen
- Retina Vitreous Consultants, Monroeville, Pennsylvania
| | - C Armitage Harper
- Austin Retina Associates, University of Texas-Austin, University of Texas-San Antonio, Austin and San Antonio, Texas
| | - Safa Rahmani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Goldstein
- Austin Retina Associates, University of Texas-Austin, University of Texas-San Antonio, Austin and San Antonio, Texas
| | - Thomas Lee
- The Vision Center, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric Nudleman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Jay Chhablani
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Audina M Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Yoshihiro Yonekawa
- Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Hou KK, Au A, Kashani AH, Freund KB, Sadda SR, Sarraf D. Pseudoflow with OCT Angiography in Eyes with Hard Exudates and Macular Drusen. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:50. [PMID: 31293805 PMCID: PMC6601711 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze "pseudoflow," a false positive flow-artifact observed with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of stationary hyperreflective structures corresponding to hard exudates and macular drusen. METHODS Retrospective case series of patients with hard exudates (due to diabetic macular edema [DME] or retinal vein occlusion [RVO]) or macular drusen (due to nonneovascular, or dry, age-related macular degeneration [AMD]) studied with OCTA by using volume-based projection artifact removal (3D PAR). RESULTS OCTA of 20 eyes (10 DME/10 RVO) with hard exudates were analyzed. All eyes exhibited pseudoflow corresponding to hard exudates. Seven eyes concurrently demonstrated hard exudates without pseudoflow that were noted in areas lacking vascular flow in the overlying retina. Eight eyes exhibited suspended scattering particles in motion. In 26 of 30 eyes with nonneovascular AMD, pseudoflow associated with macular drusen of any type was noted. Two of 11 eyes with small drusen, 16 of 17 eyes with medium or large drusen, 5 of 5 eyes with drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment, 12 of 16 eyes with ribbon-like subretinal drusenoid deposits, and 13 of 17 eyes with dot-like SDD exhibited pseudoflow. CONCLUSIONS Pseudoflow due to projection artifact is common in eyes with hard exudates or macular drusen. 3D PAR reduces but does not eliminate pseudoflow, and pseudoflow may be detected within the foveal avascular zone, indicating that other factors, such as Z-axis micromotion, may also contribute to pseudoflow. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE This study provides insight into the etiology of pseudoflow noted on OCTA and will guide more accurate clinical interpretation and investigation of OCTA images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk K. Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Au
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir H. Kashani
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K. Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA
,Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Srinivas R. Sadda
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Sarraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pan H, Palekar RU, Hou KK, Bacon J, Yan H, Springer LE, Akk A, Yang L, Miller MJ, Pham CT, Schlesinger PH, Wickline SA. Anti-JNK2 peptide-siRNA nanostructures improve plaque endothelium and reduce thrombotic risk in atherosclerotic mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5187-5205. [PMID: 30233180 PMCID: PMC6135209 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A direct and independent role of inflammation in atherothrombosis was recently highlighted by the Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial, showing the benefit of inhibiting signaling molecules, eg, interleukins. Accordingly, we sought to devise a flexible platform for preventing the inflammatory drivers at their source to preserve plaque endothelium and mitigate procoagulant risk. METHODS p5RHH-siRNA nanoparticles were formulated through self-assembly processes. The therapeutic efficacy of p5RHH-JNK2 siRNA nanoparticles was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Because JNK2 is critical to macrophage uptake of oxidized lipids through scavenger receptors that engender expression of myriad inflammatory molecules, we designed an RNA-silencing approach based on peptide-siRNA nanoparticles (p5RHH-siRNA) that localize to atherosclerotic plaques exhibiting disrupted endothelial barriers to achieve control of JNK2 expression by macrophages. After seven doses of p5RHH-JNK2 siRNA nanoparticles over 3.5 weeks in ApoE-/- mice on a Western diet, both JNK2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased by 26% (P=0.044) and 42% (P=0.042), respectively. Plaque-macrophage populations were markedly depleted and NFκB and STAT3-signaling pathways inhibited by 47% (P<0.001) and 46% (P=0.004), respectively. Endothelial barrier integrity was restored (2.6-fold reduced permeability to circulating 200 nm nanoparticles in vivo, P=0.003) and thrombotic risk attenuated (200% increased clotting times to carotid artery injury, P=0.02), despite blood-cholesterol levels persistently exceeding 1,000 mg/dL. No adaptive or innate immunoresponses toward the nanoparticles were observed, and blood tests after the completion of treatment confirmed the largely nontoxic nature of this approach. CONCLUSION The ability to formulate these nanostructures rapidly and easily interchange or multiplex their oligonucleotide content represents a promising approach for controlling deleterious signaling events locally in advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, USF Health, Morsani College of Medicine, The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA, ,
| | - Rohun U Palekar
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kirk K Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Bacon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huimin Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luke E Springer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Antonina Akk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christine Tn Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul H Schlesinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, USF Health, Morsani College of Medicine, The USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA, ,
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Hou KK, Pan H, Schlesinger PH, Wickline SA. A role for peptides in overcoming endosomal entrapment in siRNA delivery - A focus on melittin. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:931-40. [PMID: 26025036 PMCID: PMC4540690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
siRNA has the possibility to revolutionize medicine by enabling highly specific and efficient silencing of proteins involved in disease pathogenesis. Despite nearly 20 years of research dedicated to translating siRNA from a research tool into a clinically relevant therapeutic, minimal success has been had to date. Access to RNA interference machinery located in the cytoplasm is often overlooked, but must be considered when designing the next generation of siRNA delivery strategies. Peptide transduction domains (PTDs) have demonstrated moderate siRNA transfection, which is primarily limited by endosomal entrapment. Strategies aimed at overcoming endosomal entrapment associated with peptide vectors are reviewed here, including osmotic methods, lipid conjugation, and fusogenic peptides. As an alternative to traditional PTD, the hemolytic peptide melittin exhibits the native capacity for endosomal disruption but causes cytotoxicity. However, appropriate packaging and protection of melittin with activation and release in the endosomal compartment has allowed melittin-based strategies to demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy. These data suggest that melittin's membrane disruptive properties can enable safe and effective endosomolysis, building a case for melittin as a key component in a new generation of siRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk K Hou
- Computational and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Paul H Schlesinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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7
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Zhou HF, Yan H, Pan H, Hou KK, Akk A, Springer LE, Hu Y, Allen JS, Wickline SA, Pham CTN. Peptide-siRNA nanocomplexes targeting NF-κB subunit p65 suppress nascent experimental arthritis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4363-74. [PMID: 25157820 DOI: 10.1172/jci75673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB signaling pathway is implicated in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA); therefore, inhibition of this pathway has the potential to ameliorate an array of inflammatory diseases. Given that NF-κB signaling is critical for many immune cell functions, systemic blockade of this pathway may lead to detrimental side effects. siRNAs coupled with a safe and effective delivery nanoplatform may afford the specificity lacking in systemic administration of small-molecule inhibitors. Here we demonstrated that a melittin-derived cationic amphipathic peptide combined with siRNA targeting the p65 subunit of NF-κB (p5RHH-p65) noncovalently self-assemble into stable nanocomplexes that home to the inflamed joints in a murine model of RA. Specifically, administration of p5RHH-p65 siRNA nanocomplexes abrogated inflammatory cytokine expression and cellular influx into the joints, protected against bone erosions, and preserved cartilage integrity. The p5RHH-p65 siRNA nanocomplexes potently suppressed early inflammatory arthritis without affecting p65 expression in off-target organs or eliciting a humoral response after serial injections. These data suggest that this self-assembling, largely nontoxic platform may have broad utility for the specific delivery of siRNA to target and limit inflammatory processes for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
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Abstract
Traditional peptide-mediated siRNA transfection via peptide transduction domains exhibits limited cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA due to endosomal entrapment. This work overcomes these limitations with the use of membrane-destabilizing peptides derived from melittin for the knockdown of NFkB signaling in a model of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. While the mechanism of siRNA delivery into the cytoplasmic compartment by peptide transduction domains has not been well studied, our analysis of melittin derivatives indicates that concurrent nanocomplex disassembly and peptide-mediated endosomolysis are crucial to siRNA transfection. Importantly, in the case of the most active derivative, p5RHH, this process is initiated by acidic pH, indicating that endosomal acidification after macropinocytosis can trigger siRNA release into the cytoplasm. These data provide general principles regarding nanocomplex response to endocytosis, which may guide the development of peptide/siRNA nanocomplex-based transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk K. Hou
- Computational and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Paul H. Schlesinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Samuel A. Wickline
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. 63108, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Campus Box 8215, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Fax: 1 314 454 5265.
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Abstract
Traditional transfection agents including cationic lipids and polymers have high efficiency but cause cytotoxicity. While cell penetrating peptide based transfection agents exhibit improved cytotoxicity profiles, they do not have the efficiency of existing lipidic agents due to endosomal trapping. As a consequence, we propose an alternative method to efficient peptide based siRNA transfection by starting with melittin, a known pore-forming peptide. By incorporating modifications to decrease cytotoxicity and improve siRNA binding, we have developed p5RHH, which can complex siRNA to form nanoparticles of 190 nm in diameter. p5RHH exhibits high efficiency with GFP knockdown at concentrations as low as 5 nM, with negligible cytotoxicity. To date, p5RHH has shown the ability to transfect B16 cells, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, and RAW264.7 cells with high efficiency. These in vitro models demonstrate that p5RHH mediated transfection can block cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and foam cell formation. Moreover, p5RHH/siRNA nanoparticles maintain their size and transfection efficiency in the presence of serum proteins suggesting the potential for use of p5RHH in vivo. These data suggest that our strategy for development of siRNA transfecting peptides can provide an avenue to safe and effective siRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk K. Hou
- Computational and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Gregory M. Lanza
- Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Samuel A. Wickline
- Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
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Lin J, Hou KK, Piwnica-Worms H, Shaw AS. The polarity protein Par1b/EMK/MARK2 regulates T cell receptor-induced microtubule-organizing center polarization. J Immunol 2009; 183:1215-21. [PMID: 19553522 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Engagement of a T cell to an APC induces the formation of an immunological synapse as well as reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) toward the APC. How signals emanating from the TCR induce MTOC polarization is not known. One group of proteins known to play a critical role in asymmetric cell division and cell polarization is the partitioning defective (Par) family of proteins. In this study we found that Par1b, a member of the Par family of proteins, was inducibly phosphorylated following TCR stimulation. This phosphorylation resulted in 14-3-3 protein binding and caused the relocalization of Par1b from the membrane into the cytoplasm. Because a dominant-negative form of Par1b blocked TCR-induced MTOC polarization, our data suggest that Par1b functions in the establishment of T cell polarity following engagement to an APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Rycenga M, Hou KK, Cobley CM, Schwartz AG, Camargo PHC, Xia Y. Probing the surface-enhanced Raman scattering properties of Au–Ag nanocages at two different excitation wavelengths. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:5903-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b903533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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