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Chhabra HS, Tamai K, Alsebayel H, AlEissa S, Alqahtani Y, Arand M, Basu S, Blattert TR, Bussières A, Campello M, Costanzo G, Côté P, Darwano B, Franke J, Garg B, Hasan R, Ito M, Kamra K, Kandziora F, Kassim N, Kato S, Lahey D, Mehta K, Menezes CM, Muehlbauer EJ, Mullerpatan R, Pereira P, Roberts L, Ruosi C, Sullivan W, Shetty AP, Tucci C, Wadhwa S, Alturkistany A, Busari JO, Wang JC, Teli MG, Rajasekaran S, Mulukutla RD, Piccirillo M, Hsieh PC, Dohring EJ, Srivastava SK, Larouche J, Vlok A, Nordin M. SPINE20 recommendations 2023: One Earth, one family, one future WITHOUT spine DISABILITY. Brain Spine 2023; 3:102688. [PMID: 38020998 PMCID: PMC10668083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2023.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The purpose is to report on the fourth set of recommendations developed by SPINE20 to advocate for evidence-based spine care globally under the theme of "One Earth, One Family, One Future WITHOUT Spine DISABILITY". Research question Not applicable. Material and methods Recommendations were developed and refined through two modified Delphi processes with international, multi-professional panels. Results Seven recommendations were delivered to the G20 countries calling them to:-establish, prioritize and implement accessible National Spine Care Programs to improve spine care and health outcomes.-eliminate structural barriers to accessing timely rehabilitation for spinal disorders to reduce poverty.-implement cost-effective, evidence-based practice for digital transformation in spine care, to deliver self-management and prevention, evaluate practice and measure outcomes.-monitor and reduce safety lapses in primary care including missed diagnoses of serious spine pathologies and risk factors for spinal disability and chronicity.-develop, implement and evaluate standardization processes for spine care delivery systems tailored to individual and population health needs.-ensure accessible and affordable quality care to persons with spine disorders, injuries and related disabilities throughout the lifespan.-promote and facilitate healthy lifestyle choices (including physical activity, nutrition, smoking cessation) to improve spine wellness and health. Discussion and conclusion SPINE20 proposes that focusing on the recommendations would facilitate equitable access to health systems, affordable spine care delivered by a competent healthcare workforce, and education of persons with spine disorders, which will contribute to reducing spine disability, associated poverty, and increase productivity of the G20 nations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Tamai
- Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Sami AlEissa
- National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Campello
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | | | - Pierre Côté
- Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jörg Franke
- Klinikum Magdeburg gGmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bhavuk Garg
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rumaisah Hasan
- Dr Tajuddin Chalid Hospital - Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Manabu Ito
- National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Frank Kandziora
- Center for Spinal Surgery and Neurotraumatology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nishad Kassim
- The Association of People with Disability, Bangalore, India
| | - So Kato
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Roberts
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Tucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sanjay Wadhwa
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Jeffrey C. Wang
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick C. Hsieh
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adriaan Vlok
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Navaratnam M, Mendoza JM, Zhang S, Boothroyd D, Maeda K, Kamra K, Williams GD. Activated 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate as a Hemostatic Adjunct for Neonatal Cardiac Surgery: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:473-482. [PMID: 36729967 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prothrombin complex concentrates are an emerging "off-label" therapy to augment hemostasis after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but data supporting their use for neonatal cardiac surgery are limited. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed neonates undergoing open heart surgery with first-time sternotomy between May 2014 and December 2018 from a hospital electronic health record database. Neonates who received activated 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (a4FPCC) after CPB were propensity score matched (PSM) to neonates who did not receive a4FPCC (control group). The primary efficacy outcome was total volume (mL/kg) of blood products transfused after CPB, including the first 24 hours on the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU). The primary safety outcome was the incidence of 7- and 30-day postoperative thromboembolism. Secondary outcomes included 24 hours postoperative chest tube output, time to extubation, duration of CVICU stay, duration of hospital stay, 30-day mortality, and incidence of acute kidney injury on postoperative day 3. We used linear regression modeling on PSM data for the primary efficacy outcome. For the primary safety outcome, we tested for differences using McNemar test on PSM data. For secondary outcomes, we used linear regression, Fisher exact test, or survival analyses as appropriate, with false discovery rate-adjusted P values. RESULTS A total of 165 neonates were included in the final data analysis: 86 in the control group and 79 in the a4FPCC group. After PSM, there were 43 patients in the control group and 43 in the a4FPCC group. We found a statistically significant difference in mean total blood products transfused for the a4FPCC group (47.5 mL/kg) compared with the control group (63.7 mL/kg) for PSM patients (adjusted difference, 15.3; 95% CI, 29.4-1.3; P = .032). We did not find a statistically significant difference in 7- or 30-day thromboembolic rate, postoperative chest tube output, time to extubation, incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), or 30-day mortality between the groups. The a4FPCC group had a significantly longer length of intensive care unit stay (32.9 vs 13.3 days; adjusted P = .049) and hospital stay (44.6 vs 24.1 days; adjusted P = .049) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS We found that the use of a4FPCC as a hemostatic adjunct for post-CPB bleeding in neonatal cardiac surgery was associated with a decrease in mean total blood products transfused after CPB without an increased rate of 7- or 30-day postoperative thromboembolism. Our findings suggest that a4FPCCs can be considered as part of a hemostasis pathway for refractory bleeding in neonatal cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchula Navaratnam
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julianne M Mendoza
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Derek Boothroyd
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Katsuhide Maeda
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Komal Kamra
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Glyn D Williams
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Kaur H, Richardson E, Kamra K, Dacks JB. Molecular evolutionary analysis of the SM and SNARE vesicle fusion machinery in ciliates shows concurrent expansions in late secretory machinery. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12919. [PMID: 35460134 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protists in the phylum Ciliophora possess a complex membrane-trafficking system, including osmoregulatory Contractile Vacuoles and specialized secretory organelles. Molecular cell biological investigations in Tetrahymena thermophila have identified components of the protein machinery associated with the secretory organelles, mucocysts. The Qa-SNARE Syn7lp plays a role in mucocyst biogenesis as do subunits of the CORVET tethering complex (specifically Vps8). Indeed, Tetrahymena thermophila possesses expanded gene complements of several CORVET components, including Vps33 which is also a Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein that binds Qa-SNAREs. Moreover, the Qa-SNAREs in Paramecium tetraurelia have been localized to various endomembrane organelles. Here, we use comparative genomics and phylogenetics to determine the evolutionary history of the SM and Qa-SNARE proteins across the Ciliophora. We identify that the last ciliate common ancestor possessed the four SM proteins and six Qa-SNAREs common to eukaryotes, including the uncommonly retained Syntaxin 17. We furthermore identify independent expansion of these protein families in several ciliate classes, including concurrent expansions of the SM protein-Qa SNARE partners Sec1:SynPM in the oligohymenophorean ciliates lineage, consistent with novel Contractile Vacuole specific innovations. Overall, these data are consistent with SM proteins and Qa-SNAREs being a common set of components for endomembrane modulation in the ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Ciliate Biology Lab, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Elisabeth Richardson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Lab, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Kaur H, Shashi, Warren A, Kamra K. Spatial variation in ciliate communities with respect to water quality in the Delhi NCR stretch of River Yamuna, India. Eur J Protistol 2021; 79:125793. [PMID: 33975055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The River Yamuna emerges from Saptarishi Kund, Yamunotri and merge with River Ganges at Allahabad, India. Anthropogenic stress has affected the water quality of the river Yamuna drastically in the stretch traversing Delhi and its satellite towns (National Capital Region, NCR). In the present study, effect of water quality on the microbial life in the River Yamuna was analyzed using ciliate communities (Protista, Ciliophora) as bio-indicators. Water samples were collected from six sampling sites chosen according to the levels of pollution along the river and water quality was analysed using standard physicochemical factors. As the river traverses Delhi NCR, water quality deteriorates considerably as indicated by the Water Quality Index at the selected sampling sites. Seventy-four ciliate species representing nine classes were recorded. Based on the Shannon diversity index, maximum species diversity was found at the point where the river enters Delhi. The saprobity index showed the river water was beta-mesosaprobic when the river enters Delhi and alpha-mesosaprobic at downstream sites after the first major drain outfall. Significant relationship between the spatial variation in ciliate communities and abiotic parameters indicate that ciliates can be used as effective bioindicators of pollution in the River Yamuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Shashi
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum of London, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Komal Kamra
- Department of Zoology, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Flannery KM, Kamra K, Maeda K, Shuttleworth P, Almond C, Navaratnam M. Management of a Pediatric Patient With a Left Ventricular Assist Device and Symptomatic Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome Presenting for Orthotopic Heart Transplant. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 24:355-359. [PMID: 32772894 DOI: 10.1177/1089253220949386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present the successful perioperative management of an 11-year-old patient presenting for heart transplant with a left ventricular assist device, symptomatic acquired von Willebrand syndrome, and recent preoperative intracranial hemorrhage. A brief review of the pathophysiology of acquired von Willebrand syndrome is included. As the number of pediatric patients supported with ventricular assist devices continues to increase, the management of symptomatic acquired von Willebrand syndrome during the perioperative period is an important consideration for anesthesiologists.
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Buonanno F, Dolan JR, Esteban GF, Hines HN, Kamra K, Kosakyan A, Miceli C, Samaritani E, Vannini C, Warren A. Protistological science dissemination. Eur J Protistol 2020; 76:125729. [PMID: 32679517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is rare to meet protistologists who are not passionate about their study subject. The vast majority of people, however, never get the chance to hear about the work of these researchers. Although every researcher working on protists is likely to be aware of this situation, efforts made and tools employed for dissemination of knowledge are rarely documented. Following a proposal by the Italian Society of Protistology, a workshop at the 2019 VIII European Congress of Protistology in Rome, Italy, was dedicated to protistological knowledge dissemination. Through the many interventions, we discovered the diversity of efforts to reveal the protistan world to the general public, including museum exhibitions and activities, public understanding of science events, citizen science projects, specific book publications, the use of protists in teaching at all levels from primary school children to university undergraduate students, and to a global audience via social media. The participation of the workshop delegates in the discussions indicated that presentations on the wonderful world of protists to the public not only increase the visibility and accessibility of protistology research but are also very important for the scientific community. Here we report on some of the key aspects of the presentations given in the dissemination workshop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R Dolan
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7093, Station Zoologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Genoveva F Esteban
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Hunter N Hines
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK; Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34946, USA
| | - Komal Kamra
- Department of Zoology, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anush Kosakyan
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | | | | | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
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Kaur H, Shashi, Warren A, Negi RK, Kamra K. Taxonomic resolution of Stylonychia notophora (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Hypotricha) sensu Sapra and Dass 1970 using an integrative approach. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3939-3952. [PMID: 32441613 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spirotrichean ciliate Stylonychia notophora has previously been recorded in India although the descriptions are lacking in detail. It has been suggested several times that the Indian population, S. notophora sensu Sapra and Dass, 1970 collected along the Delhi stretch of the River Yamuna, is identical to Tetmemena pustulata, but this has never been confirmed due to insufficient data for the former. The present study includes detailed descriptions (classical and molecular) of populations of Tetmemena isolated from six locations along the River Yamuna, India. These include four from the Delhi stretch including that from which Sapra and Dass, 1970 isolated their population of S. notophora. Due to the lack of a sufficiently detailed description, the taxonomic status of S. notophora sensu Sapra and Dass, 1970 was not clear. Comparisons among the populations isolated in the present study with previous descriptions of T. pustulata and S. notophora sensu Sapra and Dass, 1970 show only minor differences in morphometry, morphogenesis and in 18S rDNA sequences. The 18S rDNA sequences of all six populations had 99% similarity to both T. pustulata and S. notophora. These findings support the contention that S. notophora sensu Sapra and Dass, 1970 was misidentified and is a population of T. pustulata. This study supports the need for adopting an integrative approach based on morphological, morphogenetic and molecular data in order to understand species delimitation in ciliated protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.,Ciliate Biology Lab, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Shashi
- Ciliate Biology Lab, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum of London, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Ram Krishan Negi
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Lab, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Downey LA, Andrews J, Hedlin H, Kamra K, McKenzie ED, Hanley FL, Williams GD, Guzzetta NA. Fibrinogen Concentrate as an Alternative to Cryoprecipitate in a Postcardiopulmonary Transfusion Algorithm in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Anesth Analg 2020; 130:740-751. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kamra K, Kaur H, Na S, Abraham JS, Somasundaram S, Makhija S, Toteja R, Warren A, Gupta R. Symposium Report: International Symposium on Ciliate Biology, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India, 04-06 April 2018. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 67:296-299. [PMID: 31691429 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ciliated protists have attracted wide interest among researchers from the Indian subcontinent in the last few years. An International Symposium on Ciliate Biology (ISCB) 2018 was held on 04-06 April 2018 at the India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India. The symposium represented a synergy with International Research Coordination Network for Biodiversity of Ciliates (IRCN-BC), an affiliate society of International Society of Protistologists (ISOP). The symposium provided a platform for Indian and International delegates to exchange knowledge, present their latest research findings, and establish collaborations as well as creating a networking opportunity for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Nine foreign delegates from 5 countries and 300 Indian delegates actively participated in the event which included 22 oral and 57 poster presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Shashi Na
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Jeeva Susan Abraham
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110 019, India
| | - Sripoorna Somasundaram
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110 019, India
| | - Seema Makhija
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110 019, India
| | - Ravi Toteja
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110 019, India
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Renu Gupta
- Zoology Department, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110 021, India
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Mainwaring RD, Patrick WL, Rosenblatt TR, Ma M, Kamra K, Arunamata A, Hanley FL. Surgical results of unifocalization revision. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:534-545.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kamra K, Punn R. Role of echocardiography in the assessment of right ventricular function in the pediatric population. Paediatr Anaesth 2019; 29:530-538. [PMID: 30934152 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review article summarizes the use of echocardiography in the evaluation of the right ventricle with special emphasis on pediatric patients. After reading this article, anesthesiologists will develop a better understanding of the anatomy and echocardiographic parameters for hemodynamic and functional assessment of the right ventricle. This knowledge will assist with the perioperative management of patients with cardiopulmonary disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kamra
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rajesh Punn
- Pediatrics - Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Janson CM, Ceresnak SR, Choi JM, Dubin AM, Motonaga KS, Mann GE, Kahana M, Fitz-James I, Wise-Faberowski L, Kamra K, Nappo L, Trela A, Pass RH. A Prospective Assessment of Optimal Mechanical Ventilation Parameters for Pediatric Catheter Ablation. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:126-132. [PMID: 30178187 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Catheter stability, an important factor in ablation success, is affected by ventilation. Optimal ventilation strategies for pediatric catheter ablation are not known. We hypothesized that small tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure are associated with reduced ablation catheter movement at annular positions. Subjects aged 5-25 years undergoing ablation for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) or WPW at two centers from March 2015 to September 2016 were prospectively enrolled and randomized to receive mechanical ventilation with either positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O (PEEP) or 0 cm H2O (ZEEP). Movement of the ablation catheter tip at standard annular positions was measured using 3D electroanatomic mapping systems under two conditions: small tidal volume (STV) (3-5 mL/kg) or large TV (LTV) (6-8 mL/kg). 58 subjects (mean age 13.8 years) were enrolled for a total of 266 separate observations of catheter movement. STV ventilation was associated with significantly reduced catheter movement, compared to LTV at all positions (right posteroseptal: 2.5 ± 1.4 vs. 5.2 ± 3.1 mm, p < 0.0001; right lateral: 2.7 ± 1.6 vs. 6.3 ± 3.5 mm, p < 0.0001; left lateral: 1.8 ± 1.0 vs. 4.3 ± 1.9 mm, p < 0.0001). The presence or absence of PEEP had no effect on catheter movement. In multivariable analysis, STV was associated with a 3.1-mm reduction in movement (95% CI 2.6-3.5, p < 0.0001), adjusting for end-expiratory pressure, annular location, and patient size. We conclude that STV ventilation is associated with reduced ablation catheter movement compared to a LTV strategy, independent of PEEP and annular position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Janson
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 8NW, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Scott R Ceresnak
- Division of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jaeun M Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Anne M Dubin
- Division of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Kara S Motonaga
- Division of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Glenn E Mann
- Division of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Madelyn Kahana
- Division of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Ingrid Fitz-James
- Division of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Lisa Wise-Faberowski
- Division of Anesthesiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Komal Kamra
- Division of Anesthesiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Lynn Nappo
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Anthony Trela
- Division of Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Robert H Pass
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
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Bharti D, Kumar S, Varatharajan GR, Kamra K, La Terza A. Shedding light on the polyphyletic behavior of the genus Sterkiella: The importance of ontogenetic and molecular phylogenetic approaches. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207688. [PMID: 30458052 PMCID: PMC6245743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study, investigates a poorly known species of the genus Sterkiella, i.e., S. tricirrata, based on two populations isolated from soil samples collected from the Colfiorito Regional Park, Umbria Region, Italy and from the Silent Valley National Park, India. Both populations showed a highly similar morphology, however different ontogenetic pattern in between. The study confirms the validity of the species S. tricirrata which was considered to be a species within the Sterkiella histriomuscorum complex. The main ontogenetic difference between S. tricirrata and other species of the genus Sterkiella is the different mode of formation of anlagen V and VI of the proter in the former. In the phylogenetic analyses, Sterkiella tricirrata clusters with Sterkiella sinica within the stylonychine oxytrichids, in a clade away from the type species (Sterkiella cavicola) of the genus Sterkiella. The study highlights the importance of ontogenetic as well as molecular data in shedding light on the polyphyletic behavior of the genus Sterkiella. A detailed description of S. tricirrata based on morphology, ontogenesis and molecular phylogenetic methods is presented. Further, the improved diagnosis has been provided for the genus Sterkiella and the poorly known species S. tricirrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizy Bharti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal and Molecular Ecology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, New Alipore, Kolkata, India
| | - Govindhasamay R. Varatharajan
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal and Molecular Ecology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Antonietta La Terza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal and Molecular Ecology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
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Mainwaring RD, Patrick WL, Rosenblatt TR, Nasirov T, Kamra K, Hanley FL. Analysis of achieving an “ideal” outcome following midline unifocalization. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2018; 27:11-17. [DOI: 10.1177/0218492318814079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a complex form of congenital heart disease. Midline unifocalization has been developed for the surgical treatment of this condition. There are 3 outcome measures that determine long-term success: patients are alive, patients have achieved complete repair (i.e. ventricular septal defect closure), and patients have a relatively low right ventricle-to-aortic pressure ratio (<0.45). However, to date, no studies have combined these 3 outcome measures to analyze the likelihood of achieving an ideal outcome. Methods This was a retrospective review of 255 patients who underwent midline unifocalization for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. The median age at unifocalization was 4.5 months. Results Two hundred thirty-five (92%) patients were alive at a mean follow-up of 5.3 years. Two hundred and seventeen (85%) patients underwent single-stage complete repair, and 38 (15%) had an initial unifocalization and shunt. Twenty-four of the 38 palliated patients have subsequently undergone repair. Thus 241 (94%) patients ultimately achieved complete repair. Of the 241 patients who were repaired, 219 (86%) had a right ventricle-to-aortic peak systolic pressure ratio <0.45. Combining these outcome measures, 77% of patients achieved an ideal outcome at one month, 73% at 6 months, 76% at one year, and 80% at 4 years. Conclusions Most (80%) patients can achieve all 3 measures of favorable outcome at 4 years following midline unifocalization. We speculate that this will be a favorable portend for the future of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Mainwaring
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William L Patrick
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tatiana R Rosenblatt
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Teimour Nasirov
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Komal Kamra
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Frank L Hanley
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Stanford, California, USA
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Mainwaring RD, Patrick WL, Roth SJ, Kamra K, Wise-Faberowski L, Palmon M, Hanley FL. Surgical algorithm and results for repair of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:1194-1204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tripathi C, Mishra H, Khurana H, Dwivedi V, Kamra K, Negi RK, Lal R. Complete Genome Analysis of Thermus parvatiensis and Comparative Genomics of Thermus spp. Provide Insights into Genetic Variability and Evolution of Natural Competence as Strategic Survival Attributes. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1410. [PMID: 28798737 PMCID: PMC5529391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic environments represent an interesting niche. Among thermophiles, the genus Thermus is among the most studied genera. In this study, we have sequenced the genome of Thermus parvatiensis strain RL, a thermophile isolated from Himalayan hot water springs (temperature >96°C) using PacBio RSII SMRT technique. The small genome (2.01 Mbp) comprises a chromosome (1.87 Mbp) and a plasmid (143 Kbp), designated in this study as pTP143. Annotation revealed a high number of repair genes, a squeezed genome but containing highly plastic plasmid with transposases, integrases, mobile elements and hypothetical proteins (44%). We performed a comparative genomic study of the group Thermus with an aim of analysing the phylogenetic relatedness as well as niche specific attributes prevalent among the group. We compared the reference genome RL with 16 Thermus genomes to assess their phylogenetic relationships based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, average nucleotide identity (ANI), conserved marker genes (31 and 400), pan genome and tetranucleotide frequency. The core genome of the analyzed genomes contained 1,177 core genes and many singleton genes were detected in individual genomes, reflecting a conserved core but adaptive pan repertoire. We demonstrated the presence of metagenomic islands (chromosome:5, plasmid:5) by recruiting raw metagenomic data (from the same niche) against the genomic replicons of T. parvatiensis. We also dissected the CRISPR loci wide all genomes and found widespread presence of this system across Thermus genomes. Additionally, we performed a comparative analysis of competence loci wide Thermus genomes and found evidence for recent horizontal acquisition of the locus and continued dispersal among members reflecting that natural competence is a beneficial survival trait among Thermus members and its acquisition depicts unending evolution in order to accomplish optimal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Himani Khurana
- Department of Zoology, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | | | - Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadar Khalsa College, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | - Ram K Negi
- Department of Zoology, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
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Warren A, Patterson DJ, Dunthorn M, Clamp JC, Achilles‐Day UE, Aescht E, Al‐Farraj SA, Al‐Quraishy S, Al‐Rasheid K, Carr M, Day JG, Dellinger M, El‐Serehy HA, Fan Y, Gao F, Gao S, Gong J, Gupta R, Hu X, Kamra K, Langlois G, Lin X, Lipscomb D, Lobban CS, Luporini P, Lynn DH, Ma H, Macek M, Mackenzie‐Dodds J, Makhija S, Mansergh RI, Martín‐Cereceda M, McMiller N, Montagnes DJ, Nikolaeva S, Ong'ondo GO, Pérez‐Uz B, Purushothaman J, Quintela‐Alonso P, Rotterová J, Santoferrara L, Shao C, Shen Z, Shi X, Song W, Stoeck T, La Terza A, Vallesi A, Wang M, Weisse T, Wiackowski K, Wu L, Xu K, Yi Z, Zufall R, Agatha S. Beyond the "Code": A Guide to the Description and Documentation of Biodiversity in Ciliated Protists (Alveolata, Ciliophora). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2017; 64:539-554. [PMID: 28061024 PMCID: PMC5697677 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular technology have revolutionized research on all aspects of the biology of organisms, including ciliates, and created unprecedented opportunities for pursuing a more integrative approach to investigations of biodiversity. However, this goal is complicated by large gaps and inconsistencies that still exist in the foundation of basic information about biodiversity of ciliates. The present paper reviews issues relating to the taxonomy of ciliates and presents specific recommendations for best practice in the observation and documentation of their biodiversity. This effort stems from a workshop that explored ways to implement six Grand Challenges proposed by the International Research Coordination Network for Biodiversity of Ciliates (IRCN-BC). As part of its commitment to strengthening the knowledge base that supports research on biodiversity of ciliates, the IRCN-BC proposes to populate The Ciliate Guide, an online database, with biodiversity-related data and metadata to create a resource that will facilitate accurate taxonomic identifications and promote sharing of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Warren
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonSW7 5BDUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Micah Dunthorn
- Department of EcologyUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern67663Germany
| | - John C. Clamp
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina27707USA
| | - Undine E.M. Achilles‐Day
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesBournemouth UniversityBournemouthBH12 5BBUnited Kingdom
| | - Erna Aescht
- Biology Center of the Upper Austrian MuseumLinzA‐4040Austria
| | | | | | | | - Martin Carr
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldHD1 3DHUnited Kingdom
| | - John G. Day
- Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanPA37 1QAUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yangbo Fan
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Shan Gao
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Jun Gong
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai264003China
| | - Renu Gupta
- Maitreyi CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi110021India
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Komal Kamra
- SGTB Khalsa CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi110007India
| | - Gaytha Langlois
- Department of Science & TechnologyBryant UniversitySmithfieldRhode Island02917USA
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Diana Lipscomb
- Department of Biological SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20052USA
| | | | - Pierangelo Luporini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerino (MC)62032Italy
| | - Denis H. Lynn
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada
| | - Honggang Ma
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Miroslav Macek
- Tropical Limnology Research Project, FES IztacalaUniversidad National Autonoma de MéxicoEdo. México 540 90Mexico
| | | | - Seema Makhija
- Acharya Narendra Dev CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi110019India
| | - Robert I. Mansergh
- Institute of Marine SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO4 9LYUnited Kingdom
| | - Mercedes Martín‐Cereceda
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid28040Spain
| | - Nettie McMiller
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina27707USA
| | - David J.S. Montagnes
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL69 7ZBUnited Kingdom
| | - Svetlana Nikolaeva
- Department of Earth SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonSW7 5BDUnited Kingdom
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya ul. 18Kazan 420000Russia
| | | | - Blanca Pérez‐Uz
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid28040Spain
| | | | - Pablo Quintela‐Alonso
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid28040Spain
| | - Johana Rotterová
- Department of ZoologyCharles University in PraguePrague12744Czech Republic
| | | | - Chen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, College of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xinlu Shi
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou310036China
| | - Weibo Song
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Department of EcologyUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern67663Germany
| | - Antonietta La Terza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerino (MC)62032Italy
| | - Adriana Vallesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerino (MC)62032Italy
| | - Mei Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity OceanUniversity of ChinaQingdao266003China
| | - Thomas Weisse
- Research Institute for LimnologyUniversity of InnsbruckMondsee5310Austria
| | | | - Lei Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Zhenzhen Yi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510631China
| | - Rebecca Zufall
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas77006‐5001USA
| | - Sabine Agatha
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of SalzburgSalzburgA‐5020Austria
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Rani P, Mahato NK, Sharma A, Rao DLN, Kamra K, Lal R. Genome Mining and Predictive Functional Profiling of Acidophilic Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pt14. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:155-161. [PMID: 28611492 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens Pt14 is a non-pathogenic and acidophilic bacterium isolated from acidic soil (pH 4.65). Genome sequencing of strain Pt14 was performed using Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing to get insights into unique existence of this strain in acidic environment. Complete genome sequence of this strain revealed a chromosome of 5,841,722 bp having 5354 CDSs and 88 RNAs. Phylogenomic reconstruction based on 16S rRNA gene, Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) values and marker proteins revealed that strain Pt14 shared a common clade with P. fluorescens strain A506 and strain SS101. ANI value of strain Pt14 in relation to strain A506 was found 99.23% demonstrating a very close sub-species association at genome level. Further, orthology determination among these three phylogenetic neighbors revealed 4726 core proteins. Functional analysis elucidated significantly higher abundance of sulphur metabolism (>1×) which could be one of the reasons for the survival of strain Pt14 under acidic conditions (pH 4.65). Acidophilic bacteria have capability to oxidize sulphur into sulphuric acid which in turn can make the soil acidic and genome-wide analysis of P. fluorescens Pt14 demonstrated that this strain contributes towards making the soil acidic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rani
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Nitish Kumar Mahato
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Anukriti Sharma
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Desiraju Lakshmi Narsimha Rao
- All India Network Project on Soil Biodiversity and Biofertilizers, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, 462038 India
| | - Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Tripathi C, Mahato NK, Rani P, Singh Y, Kamra K, Lal R. Draft genome sequence of Lampropedia cohaerens strain CT6(T) isolated from arsenic rich microbial mats of a Himalayan hot water spring. Stand Genomic Sci 2016; 11:64. [PMID: 27610214 PMCID: PMC5015223 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-016-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lampropedia cohaerens strain CT6T, a non-motile, aerobic and coccoid strain was isolated from arsenic rich microbial mats (temperature ~45 °C) of a hot water spring located atop the Himalayan ranges at Manikaran, India. The present study reports the first genome sequence of type strain CT6T of genus Lampropedia cohaerens. Sequencing data was generated using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform and assembled with ABySS v 1.3.5. The 3,158,922 bp genome was assembled into 41 contigs with a mean GC content of 63.5 % and 2823 coding sequences. Strain CT6T was found to harbour genes involved in both the Entner-Duodoroff pathway and non-phosphorylated ED pathway. Strain CT6T also contained genes responsible for imparting resistance to arsenic, copper, cobalt, zinc, cadmium and magnesium, providing survival advantages at a thermal location. Additionally, the presence of genes associated with biofilm formation, pyrroloquinoline-quinone production, isoquinoline degradation and mineral phosphate solubilisation in the genome demonstrate the diverse genetic potential for survival at stressed niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Tripathi
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Nitish K Mahato
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Pooja Rani
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Rani P, Mukherjee U, Verma H, Kamra K, Lal R. Luteimonas tolerans sp. nov., isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1851-1856. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rani
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - Udita Mukherjee
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - Helianthous Verma
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
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Tripathi C, Mahato NK, Singh AK, Kamra K, Korpole S, Lal R. Lampropedia cohaerens sp. nov., a biofilm-forming bacterium isolated from microbial mats of a hot water spring, and emended description of the genus Lampropedia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 66:1156-1162. [PMID: 26675173 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A biofilm-forming, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive but oxidase-negative strain, designated CT6T, was isolated from the microbial mats (∼45 °C) of a hot water spring, located within the Himalayan ranges at Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh, India. Strain CT6T formed white, smooth colonies with irregular margins. Transmission electron microscopy revealed coccoid, non-flagellated cells with wavy boundaries. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CT6T belongs to the genus Lampropedia with a sequence similarity value of 95.4 % to the sole member of this genus, Lampropedia hyalina ATCC 11041T. Strain CT6T was found to have phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C14 : 0, C19 : 0ω8c cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The major polyamines were putrescine, spermidine and the betaproteobacterial-specific 2-hydroxyputrescine. The DNA G+C content was 63.5 mol%. Based on the genotypic, phenotypic, physiological and biochemical data, strain CT6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lampropedia, for which the name Lampropedia cohaerens sp. nov. is proposed ( = DSM 100029T = KCTC 42939T = MCC 2711T).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tripathi
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - N K Mahato
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - A K Singh
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - K Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
| | - S Korpole
- Microbial Type Culture Collection & Genebank, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh- 160036, India
| | - R Lal
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, India
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Singh J, Kamra K. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of an Indian population of Cyrtohymena citrina (Ciliophora, Hypotricha), including remarks on ontogenesis of Urosomoida-Notohymena-Cyrtohymena group. Eur J Protistol 2015; 51:280-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Singh J, Kamra K. Molecular phylogeny of Urosomoida agilis, and new combinations: Hemiurosomoida longa gen. nov., comb. nov., and Heterourosomoida lanceolata gen. nov., comb. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha). Eur J Protistol 2015; 51:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kumar S, Kamra K, Bharti D, La Terza A, Sehgal N, Warren A, Sapra GR. Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of Sterkiella tetracirrata n. sp. (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), from the Silent Valley National Park, India. Eur J Protistol 2014; 51:86-97. [PMID: 25625942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The morphology and morphogenesis during cell division of Sterkiella tetracirrata n. sp., isolated from a soil sample collected from the Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India, were investigated using live observation, protargol staining and scanning electron microscopy. The new species differs from its congeners by the following combination of features: cell size in vivo 85-110×35-50μm, on average 84×37μm in protargol preparations; four ellipsoidal macronuclear nodules; 31 adoral membranelles; 17 frontal-ventral-transverse cirri consisting of three frontal, four frontoventral, one buccal, three ventral, two pretransverse and invariably four transverse cirri; resting cyst with separate macronuclear nodules. Sterkiella tetracirrata differs from the similar species S. terricola in the number of transverse cirri (invariably 4 vs. 3) and in the number of adoral membranelles (24-35 vs. 22 or 23). Morphogenesis resembles that of its congeners S. nova and S. histriomuscorum. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequences consistently place the new species within the stylonychine oxytrichids, clustering closer to Gastrostyla steinii than to either S. cavicola or S. histriomuscorum. The analyses support the morphological evidence (e.g., similarity in the oral apparatus and the dorsal kinety pattern) that Gastrostyla and Pattersoniella evolved from a Sterkiella-like ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; School of Environmental Science, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Komal Kamra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Daizy Bharti
- School of Environmental Science, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Antonietta La Terza
- School of Environmental Science, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Neeta Sehgal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Gulshan Rai Sapra
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Singh J, Kamra K. Molecular phylogeny of an Indian population of Kleinstyla dorsicirrata (Foissner, 1982) Foissner et al., 2002. comb. nov. (Hypotrichia, Oxytrichidae): an oxytrichid with incomplete dorsal kinety fragmentation. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2014; 61:630-6. [PMID: 25040566 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kleinstyla dorsicirrata (Foissner, 1982) Foissner et al., 2002. comb. nov. (basionym: Gastrostyla dorsicirrata) is a slightly flexible oxytrichid, measuring about 88-115 × 27-46 μm in life and possesses cortical granules. Kleinstyla dorsicirrata is the only oxytrichid known so far with incompletely fragmented dorsal kinety. Morphological and morphogenetic data recognise K. dorsicirrata as nonstylonychine oxytrichid. Molecular phylogeny of an Indian population was inferred using 18S rRNA gene sequences and was examined with respect to oxytrichids exhibiting variation in dorsal kinety fragmentation. Kleinstyla dorsicirrata clusters with Oxytricha lanceolata; this proximity is quite significant as both show deviation from typical oxytrichid fragmentation of dorsal kinety. Molecular phylogeny of Indian population confirms its nonstylonychine oxytrichid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir Singh
- Ciliate Biology Laboratory, Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
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Abstract
Influenza virus remains one of the most important disease-causing viruses owing to its high adaptability and even higher contagious nature. Thus, it poses a constant threat of pandemic, engulfing a large population within the smallest possible time interval. A similar threat was anticipated with the identification of the novel H7N9 virus in China on 30 March 2013. Detection of transmission of the virus between humans has caused a stir with the identification of family clusters along with sporadic infections all across China. In this review we analyze the potential of the novel H7N9 virus as a probable cause of a pandemic and the possible consequences thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Nailwal
- a Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Kamra K, Hammer G. Reply to Breschan et al, re 'central venus catheter placement in children'. Paediatr Anaesth 2014; 24:345. [PMID: 24467577 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kamra
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kamra
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Singh J, Kamra K, Sapra GR. Morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of an Indian population of Cyrtohymena (Cyrtohymenides) shii, including remarks on the subgenus. Eur J Protistol 2013; 49:283-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become a critical diagnostic and perioperative management tool for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac and noncardiac surgical procedures. This review highlights the role of TEE in routine management of pediatric cardiac patient population with focus on indications, views, applications and technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kamra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Kamra K, Kumar S. Notohymena saprai sp. nov, a new oxytrichid ciliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the Valley of Flowers, a Himalayan bioreserve region; description and morphogenesis of the new species. Indian J Microbiol 2010; 50:33-45. [PMID: 23100805 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-009-0037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new oxytrichid ciliate Notohymena saprai sp. nov was isolated from the Valley of Flowers, an isolated bioreserve in the upper Himalayas. The ciliate was found in the soil samples collected from the peripheral areas of the flowering region of the valley which is covered with permafrost for nearly eight months in a year. Cells were excysted from the soil samples by the non-flooded petridish method. Species identification was performed by observations on live and silver-impregnated cells. Notohymena saprai sp. nov is highly flexible, measures 152 × 49 μm and shows abundant presence of dark green sub-pellicular granules. The species is distinct by virtue of its new combination of morphometric and developmental characters. Prominent distinguishing features of the new species are its relative large size and presence of four macronuclei (other species of this genus have two macronuclei). The study also reports morphogenetic peculiarities which separate it from the other known species of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kamra
- Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Williams GD, Maan H, Ramamoorthy C, Kamra K, Bratton SL, Bair E, Kuan CC, Hammer GB, Feinstein JA. Perioperative complications in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing general anesthesia with ketamine. Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20:28-37. [PMID: 20078799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with significant perioperative risk for major complications in children, including pulmonary hypertensive crisis and cardiac arrest. Uncertainty remains about the safety of ketamine anesthesia in this patient population. AIM Retrospectively review the medical records of children with PAH to ascertain the nature and frequency of peri-procedural complications and to determine whether ketamine administration was associated with peri-procedural complications. METHODS Children with PAH (mean pulmonary artery pressure > or =25 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance index > or =3 Wood units) who underwent general anesthesia for procedures during a 6-year period (2002-2008) were enrolled. Details about the patient, PAH, procedure, anesthetic and postprocedural course were noted, including adverse events during or within 48 h of the procedure. Complication rates were reported per procedure. Association between ketamine and peri-procedural complications was tested. RESULTS Sixty-eight children (median age 7.3 year, median weight 22 kg) underwent 192 procedures. Severity of PAH was mild (23%), moderate (37%), and severe (40%). Procedures undertaken were major surgery (n = 20), minor surgery (n = 27), cardiac catheterization (n = 128) and nonsurgical procedures (n = 17). Ketamine was administered during 149 procedures. Twenty minor and nine major complications were noted. Incidence of cardiac arrest was 0.78% for cardiac catheterization procedures, 10% for major surgical procedures and 1.6% for all procedures. There was no procedure-related mortality. Ketamine administration was not associated with increased complications. CONCLUSIONS Ketamine appears to be a safe anesthetic option for children with PAH. We report rates for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mortality that are more favorable than those previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn D Williams
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Kamra K, Kumar S, Sapra GR. Species of Gonostomum and Paragonostomum (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida, Oxytrichidae) from the Valley of Flowers, India, with descriptions of Gonostomum singhii sp nov, Paragonostomum ghangriai sp nov and Paragonostomum minuta sp nov. Indian J Microbiol 2009; 48:372-88. [PMID: 23100737 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil samples taken from the Valley of Flowers, a component of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in the Himalayan regions of India showed the presence of twenty two free living species of ciliates. There is a preponderance of species which exhibit oral ciliature and ontogenesis in the Gonostomum pattern. Of the four species of the genus Gonostomum, three viz., G affine, G gonostomoida and G kuehnelti are similar to described species; Gonostomum singhii is new. The two species of genus Paragonostomum viz., P minuta and P ghangriai are new. The three new species are described in the present paper. All these species show prominent hypertrophied ciliary structures. Their paroral membranes reveal characteristic differences with respect to their position, number of constituent cilia and the distance between adjacent cilia. It is proposed that such species specific features of the paroral membrane have a bearing in exercising different food organism preferences as they co-exist at many sites. This single factor has possibly played an important role in species diversification of this group of hypotrichs in this isolated habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kamra
- Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonates undergoing open-heart surgery are especially at risk for massive bleeding and pronounced inflammation. The efficacy of aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor, at ameliorating these adverse effects of cardiopulmonary bypass has not been clearly demonstrated in neonates. METHODS Term neonates were enrolled and randomly assigned in a blinded fashion to receive saline (group P, placebo) or high-dose aprotinin (group A). Intraoperative management was standardized: surgeon, anesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass and hemostasis therapy. Patients were admitted postoperatively to a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Primary outcome measure of efficacy was duration of the postoperative mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcome measures were total volume and units of blood products transfused intraoperatively and for 24 h after surgery, duration of chest tube in situ, and intensive care and hospital stays after surgery. RESULTS Twenty-six neonates were enrolled; 13 received aprotinin and 13 received placebo. The study was halted prematurely because of US Food and Drug Administration's concerns about aprotinin's safety. Baseline patient, surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass characteristics were similar between groups. No outcome variables differed between groups (P > 0.05). Duration of postoperative ventilation was 115 +/- 139 h (group A); 126 +/- 82 h (group P); P = 0.29, and total blood product exposure was 8.2 +/- 2.6 U (group A); 8.8 +/- 1.4 U (group P); P = 0.1. Postoperative blood creatinine values did not differ between groups. In-hospital mortality rate was 4%. CONCLUSIONS Aprotinin was not shown to be efficacious in neonates undergoing open-heart surgery. It is unclear whether adult aprotinin safety data are relevant to neonates undergoing open-heart surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn D Williams
- Department of Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
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Williams GD, Philip BM, Chu LF, Boltz MG, Kamra K, Terwey H, Hammer GB, Perry SB, Feinstein JA, Ramamoorthy C. Ketamine does not increase pulmonary vascular resistance in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation. Anesth Analg 2007; 105:1578-84, table of contents. [PMID: 18042853 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000287656.29064.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of ketamine in children with increased pulmonary vascular resistance is controversial. In this prospective, open label study, we evaluated the hemodynamic responses to ketamine in children with pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure >25 mm Hg). METHODS Children aged 3 mo to 18 yr with pulmonary hypertension, who were scheduled for cardiac catheterization with general anesthesia, were studied. Patients were anesthetized with sevoflurane (1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC]) in air while breathing spontaneously via a facemask. After baseline catheterization measurements, sevoflurane was reduced (0.5 MAC) and ketamine (2 mg/kg IV over 5 min) was administered, followed by a ketamine infusion (10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Catheterization measurements were repeated at 5, 10, and 15 min after completion of ketamine load. Data at various time points were compared (ANOVA, P < 0.05). RESULTS Fifteen patients (age 147, 108 mo; median, interquartile range) were studied. Diagnoses included idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (5), congenital heart disease (9), and diaphragmatic hernia (1). At baseline, median (interquartile range) baseline pulmonary vascular resistance index was 11.3 (8.2) Wood units; 33% of patients had suprasystemic mean pulmonary artery pressures. Heart rate (99, 94 bpm; P = 0.016) and Pao2 (95, 104 mm Hg; P = 007) changed after ketamine administration (baseline, 15 min after ketamine; P value). There were no significant differences in mean systemic arterial blood pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, systemic or pulmonary vascular resistance index, cardiac index, arterial pH, or Paco2. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of sevoflurane, ketamine did not increase pulmonary vascular resistance in spontaneously breathing children with severe pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn D Williams
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5640, USA.
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Williams GD, Ramamoorthy C, Chu L, Hammer GB, Kamra K, Boltz MG, Pentcheva K, McCarthy JP, Reddy VM. Modified and conventional ultrafiltration during pediatric cardiac surgery: Clinical outcomes compared. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132:1291-8. [PMID: 17140945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective study compared clinical outcomes after heart surgery between three groups of infants with congenital heart disease. One group received dilutional conventional ultrafiltration (group D), another received modified ultrafiltration (group M), and a third group received both dilutional conventional and modified ultrafiltration (group B). We hypothesized that group B patients would have the best clinical outcome. METHODS Children younger than 1 year undergoing heart surgery for biventricular repair by the same surgeon were randomly allocated to one of the three study groups. Patient management was standardized, and intensive care staff were blinded to group allocation. Primary outcome measure was duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation. Other outcome measures recorded included total blood products transfused, duration of chest tube in situ, chest tube output, and stays in intensive care and in the hospital. RESULTS Sixty infants completed study protocol. Mean age and weight were as follows: group D (n = 19), 61 days, 4.3 kg; group M (n = 20), 64 days, 4.5 kg; and group B (n = 21), 86 days, 4.4 kg. Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics were similar between groups. Ultrafiltrate volumes obtained were 196 +/- 93 mL/kg in group D, 105 +/- 33 mL/kg in group M, and 261 +/- 113 mL/kg in group B. There were no significant differences between groups for any outcome variable. Technical difficulties prevented completion of modified ultrafiltration in 2 of 41 infants. CONCLUSION There was no clinical advantage in combining conventional and modified ultrafiltration. Because clinical outcomes were similar across groups, relative risks of the ultrafiltration strategies may influence choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn D Williams
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif 94305-5640, USA.
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Heninger C, Ramamoorthy C, Amir G, Kamra K, Reddy VM, Hanley FL, Brock-Utne JG. Esophageal saturation during antegrade cerebral perfusion: a preliminary report using visible light spectroscopy. Paediatr Anaesth 2006; 16:1133-7. [PMID: 17040301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2006.01965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible light spectroscopy (VLS) is newer technology that measures real-time tissue oxygenation. It has been validated in detecting mucosal ischemia in adults. During complex neonatal heart surgery, antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) maintains cerebral saturation. Whether ACP maintains peripheral tissue perfusion in humans is not known. METHODS Five patients undergoing neonatal open heart surgery with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied using a VLS esophageal probe in addition to bilateral near infrared cerebral oximetry. Three of five patients required ACP for arch repair, while two patients did not. VLS and cerebral saturation data were collected and analyzed in 5 min intervals prior to CPB, during CPB, and during ACP. RESULTS In the two patients undergoing heart surgery with routine hypothermic CPB, both cerebral and esophageal saturations were maintained. However in all three neonates requiring ACP, although cerebral saturations did not decrease, esophageal saturation fell below the ischemic threshold (35%). Following establishment of normal CPB, esophageal saturation returned to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Antegrade cerebral perfusion maintains cerebral oxygen delivery, however, it does not adequately perfuse the esophagus in neonates. This could have clinical implications.
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Gupta R, Kamra K, Sapra GR. Morphology and cell division of the oxytrichids Architricha indica nov. gen., nov. sp., and Histriculus histrio (Müller, 1773), Corliss, 1960 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida). Eur J Protistol 2006; 42:29-48. [PMID: 17070749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxytrichid ciliate Architricha indica nov. gen., nov. sp., isolated from the river Yamuna, Delhi, shows a new combination of characters. It possesses a flexible body, 18 frontal-ventral-transverse (FVT) cirri, 3 right and 2 left marginal cirral rows, 6 dorsal bristle rows and 3 caudal cirri (CC). The FVT cirri arise from 6 primordia, which utilize 6 parental cirri in their origin as is typical of Oxytricha species. Multiple marginal rows (MMR) develop through 5 independent marginal primordia arising "within-row", 1 in each parental marginal row. All the 5 marginal rows are thus morphogenetically active. Such a mode of formation of MMR has not been recorded among oxytrichids and has necessitated separation of A. indica at the generic level. Histriculus, on the other hand, has well-known characteristics, viz. rigid body, confluent marginal rows and absence of CC. The morphogenesis of Histriculus histrio has been described by Berger and Foissner [1997. Cladistic relationships and generic characterization of oxytrichid hypotrichs (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Arch. Protistenkd. 148, 125-155]. Reinvestigation of very early stages of development revealed that (i) the FVT cirral primordia utilize kinetosomes from 5 parental FVT cirri, (ii) the primordium II of the proter is of a composite origin: kinetosomes from the oral primordium merge with the primordium II that originates from the buccal cirrus II/2 and (iii) the FVT primordia V and VI for the 2 daughter cells arise sequentially from the parental cirrus V/4. Thus, the genus Histriculus exhibits a new combination of characters with respect to the origin of FVT cirri, an additional pattern to be added to the known 6 patterns of FVT development in oxytrichids [Berger and Foissner, 1997; Berger, H., 1999. Monograph of the Oxytrichidae (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London].
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Hammer GB, Ramamoorthy C, Cao H, Williams GD, Boltz MG, Kamra K, Drover DR. Postoperative Analgesia After Spinal Blockade in Infants and Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Anesth Analg 2005; 100:1283-1288. [PMID: 15845670 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000148698.84881.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to define the opioid analgesic requirement after a remifentanil (REMI)-based anesthetic with spinal anesthetic blockade (SAB+REMI) or without (REMI) spinal blockade for open-heart surgery in children. We enrolled 45 patients who were candidates for tracheal extubation in the operating room after cardiac surgery. Exclusion criteria included age <3 mo and >6 yr, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, contraindication to SAB, and failure to obtain informed consent. All patients had an inhaled induction with sevoflurane and maintenance of anesthesia with REMI and isoflurane (0.3% end-tidal). In addition, patients assigned to the SAB+REMI group received SAB with tetracaine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) and morphine (7 mug/kg). After tracheal extubation in the operating room, patients received fentanyl 0.3 mug/kg IV every 10 min by patient-controlled analgesia for pain score = 4. Pain scores and fentanyl doses were recorded every hour for 24 h or until the patient was ready for discharge from the intensive care unit. Patients in the SAB+REMI group had significantly lower pain scores (P = 0.046 for the first 8 h; P =0.05 for 24 h) and received less IV fentanyl (P = 0.003 for the first 8 h; P = 0.004 for 24 h) than those in the REMI group. There were no intergroup differences in adverse effects, including hypotension, bradycardia, highest PaCO(2), lowest pH, episodes of oxygen desaturation, pruritus, and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Hammer
- Departments of *Anesthesia and §Pediatrics, Stanford University Medical Center, California
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Gupta R, Kamra K, Arora S, Sapra G. Pleurotricha curdsi (Shi, Warren and Song 2002) nov. comb. (Ciliophora: Hypotrichida): morphology and ontogenesis of an Indian population; redefinition of the genus. Eur J Protistol 2003. [DOI: 10.1078/0932-4739-00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hammer GB, Drover DD, Jackson E, Kamra K, Evans DA. Postoperative Respiratory Depression in Children Anesthetized with Remifentanil with or without Spinal Anesthesia for Open Heart Surgery. Anesthesiology 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200209002-01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kamra K, Sapra GR. Quantitative regulation of ciliary structures in polymorphic states of the hypotrichous ciliate Onychodromus indica, Kamra and Sapra 1993. Eur J Protistol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Kamra K, Sapra GR, Ammermann D. Coniculostomum bimarginata n. sp., a new hypotrich ciliate: Description and systematic relationships. Eur J Protistol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Joseph J, Kamra K, Singh K, Pillai PK. Real-time image processing using selective erasure in photorefractive two-wave mixing. Appl Opt 1992; 31:4769-4772. [PMID: 20725490 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.004769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe a real-time image-processing scheme that uses selective erasure of spatial frequencies at the Fourier transform plane in an arrangement employing photorefractive two-beam coupling. The versatility of the device results from the use of the Fourier transform of the erasure beam, which counterpropagates to the image-bearing beam. The technique can perform spatial-filtering operations such as edge enhancement, bandpass filtering, and pattern recognition by controlling the information available at the erasure-beam Fourier plane. An experimental demonstration has been made on edge enhancement, bandpass filtering, and character recognition.
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Kamra K, Sapra GR. Formation of a transient corticotype during excystment in Coniculostomum monilata (oxytrichidae, hypotrichida) and its modification by reorganizations. Eur J Protistol 1991. [PMID: 23194843 DOI: 10.1016/s0932-4739(11)80249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protargol impregnation revealed that Coniculostomum monilata, an advanced oxytrichid ciliate with the typical 18 Frontal-Ventral-Transverse (FVT) cirri but with multiple rows of right marginal cirri (RMC) and dorso-marginal cilia (DM), requires at least 3 morphogenetic cycles to acquire the normal vegetative ciliature during excystment. In the first cycle, the FVT cirral pattern is entirely different from that formed during division. The 'first ciliature' comprises 21-32 FVT cirri formed from 5 FVT primordia; these are substituted by 18 FVT cirri developed from 6 FVT primordia in the subsequent reorganization cycle. Furthermore, each successive cycle adds one RMC row and 2 DM rows while previous rows are not resorbed, unlike the FVT cirri and the left marginal cirri. Consequently, multiple RMC and DM rows develop to form a typical vegetative corticotype. Dual information for frontal ciliature appears to be a unique feature of C. monilata as a similar situation has not been observed in the other evolved oxytrichids. Presence of an alternate corticotype information (> 18 FVT cirri) possibly signifies phylogenetic relationship of C. monilata with the lower oxytrichids. Excystment morphogenesis data reaffirms the conclusion from previous investigations that C. monilata has inherited information for only 1 RMC row and 2 DM rows; multiple rows are attained through a characteristic retention of pre-existing/parental rows.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamra
- S. G. T. B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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