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Suchanicz J, Sitko D, Stanuch K, Świerczek K, Jagło G, Kruk A, Kluczewska-Chmielarz K, Konieczny K, Czaja P, Aleksandrowicz J, Wieczorek W, Grygierek J, Sokolowski M, Stachowski G, Antonova M, Sternberg A. Temperature and E-Poling Evolution of Structural, Vibrational, Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Properties of Ba 1-xSr xTiO 3 Ceramics (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.45). Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6316. [PMID: 37763593 PMCID: PMC10532674 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.45) ceramics were successfully prepared via the solid-state reaction route. A pure perovskite crystalline structure was identified for all compositions by X-ray diffraction analysis. The basic phase transition temperatures in these ceramics were studied over a wide temperature range. A change in symmetry from a tetragonal to cubic phase was detected, which was further proven by phonon anomalies in composition/temperature-dependent Raman spectra. The incorporation of Sr2+ into BaTiO3 (BT) lead to a shift in the phase transitions to lower temperatures, suppressing the ferroelectric properties and inducing relaxor-like behavior. Therefore, it was reasonable to suppose that the materials progressively lack long-range ordering. The initial second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements demonstrated that the cubic phase of BST ceramics is not purely centrosymmetric over a wide temperature interval. We discussed the possible origin of the observed effects, and showed that electric field poling seems to reconstruct the structural ordering destroyed by the introduction of Sr2+ to BT. In the first approximation, substitution of Sr for larger Ba simply reduced the space for the off-central shift in Ti in the lattice and hence the domain polarization. A-site cation ordering in BST and its influence on the density of electronic states were also explored. The effect of doping with strontium ions in the BST compound on the density of electronic states was investigated using ab initio methods. As the calculations showed, doping BT with Sr2+ atoms led to an increase in the bandgap. The proposed calculations will also be used in the subsequent search for materials optimal for applications in photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Suchanicz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 120, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Sitko
- Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Stanuch
- Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad Świerczek
- Department of Hydrogen Energy, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Jagło
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Konieczny
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Czaja
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Aleksandrowicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wieczorek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Grygierek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sokolowski
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stachowski
- Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, Orla 171, 30-244 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maija Antonova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andris Sternberg
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV1067 Riga, Latvia
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