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Wolski GJ, Sobisz Z, Mitka J, Kruk A, Jukonienė I, Popiela A. Vascular plants and mosses as bioindicators of variability of the coastal pine forest (Empetro nigri-Pinetum). Sci Rep 2024; 14:76. [PMID: 38167576 PMCID: PMC10761821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Empetro nigri-Pinetum is a unique sea coast plant community developing along the Baltic Sea from Germany to Lithuania. Our detailed field research of bryophytes and vascular plants has highlighted the regional diversity of the Empetro nigri-Pinetum typicum plant community throughout its range in Central Europe. Our study indicated that vascular plants and mosses effectively discriminate against the described phytocoenoses, thus it was possible to distinguish three variants of the coastal forest: Calluna-Deschampsia (from Germany), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (from Poland) and Melampyrum-Deschampsia (from Lithuania). Redundancy analysis indicated that the division is related to the habitat conditions of the analyzed areas, with humidity having the greatest impact on this differentiation. Kohonen's artificial neural network (i.e. self-organising map, SOM) confirmed the heterogeneous nature of the studied phytocenoses, and combined with the IndVal index enabled identification of indicator species for respective studied patches: Deschampsia flexuosa for Calluna-Deschampsia group; Aulacomnium palustre, Calluna vulgaris, Carex nigra, Dicranum polysetum, Erica tetralix, Oxycoccus palustris, Sphagnum capillifolium, Vaccinium uliginosum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea for Vaccinium vitis-idaea group; and young specimens of Betula pendula, Lycopodium annotinum, Melampyrum pratense and Orthilia secunda for Melampyrum-Deschampsia group. Thereby, our study showed that individual groups of species can be very good bioindicators for each of the studied phytocoenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz J Wolski
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha St. 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Sobisz
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University, Arciszewskiego St. 22A, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Józef Mitka
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha St. 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ilona Jukonienė
- Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų St. 47, 12200, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnieszka Popiela
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka St. 3C, 71-412, Szczecin, Poland
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Suchanicz J, Sitko D, Stanuch K, Świerczek K, Jagło G, Kruk A, Kluczewska-Chmielarz K, Konieczny K, Czaja P, Aleksandrowicz J, Wieczorek W, Grygierek J, Sokolowski M, Stachowski G, Antonova M, Sternberg A. Temperature and E-Poling Evolution of Structural, Vibrational, Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Properties of Ba 1-xSr xTiO 3 Ceramics (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.45). Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6316. [PMID: 37763593 PMCID: PMC10532674 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead-free Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.45) ceramics were successfully prepared via the solid-state reaction route. A pure perovskite crystalline structure was identified for all compositions by X-ray diffraction analysis. The basic phase transition temperatures in these ceramics were studied over a wide temperature range. A change in symmetry from a tetragonal to cubic phase was detected, which was further proven by phonon anomalies in composition/temperature-dependent Raman spectra. The incorporation of Sr2+ into BaTiO3 (BT) lead to a shift in the phase transitions to lower temperatures, suppressing the ferroelectric properties and inducing relaxor-like behavior. Therefore, it was reasonable to suppose that the materials progressively lack long-range ordering. The initial second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements demonstrated that the cubic phase of BST ceramics is not purely centrosymmetric over a wide temperature interval. We discussed the possible origin of the observed effects, and showed that electric field poling seems to reconstruct the structural ordering destroyed by the introduction of Sr2+ to BT. In the first approximation, substitution of Sr for larger Ba simply reduced the space for the off-central shift in Ti in the lattice and hence the domain polarization. A-site cation ordering in BST and its influence on the density of electronic states were also explored. The effect of doping with strontium ions in the BST compound on the density of electronic states was investigated using ab initio methods. As the calculations showed, doping BT with Sr2+ atoms led to an increase in the bandgap. The proposed calculations will also be used in the subsequent search for materials optimal for applications in photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Suchanicz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 120, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Sitko
- Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Stanuch
- Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad Świerczek
- Department of Hydrogen Energy, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Jagło
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Konieczny
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Czaja
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Aleksandrowicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wieczorek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Grygierek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sokolowski
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH-University of Science & Technology, al.Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Stachowski
- Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, Orla 171, 30-244 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maija Antonova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andris Sternberg
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, LV1067 Riga, Latvia
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Kruk A, Ziewiec K. Preparation, Characterization and Magneto-Optical Properties of Sm-Doped Y 2O 3 Polycrystalline Material. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:2254. [PMID: 36557553 PMCID: PMC9786815 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, physicochemical properties of pure Y2O3 and samarium (Sm)-doped Y2O3 transparent ceramics obtained via arc plasma melting are presented. Yttria powder with a selected molar fraction of Sm was first synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. High transparent yttria ceramics were obtained by arc plasma melting from both the pure and Sm oxide-doped powders. The morphological, chemical and physical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The optical band gap was calculated from the absorption spectra so as to understand the electronic band structure of the studied materials. Samples indicate a series of luminescence bands in the visible region after excitation by laser light in the range from 210 to 250 nm. Magneto-optical measurements were carried out in the 300-800 nm range at room temperature. It can be seen that a maximum Verdet constant ca. 24.81 deg/T cm was observed for 405 nm and this value decreases with increasing wavelength. The potential usefulness of the polycrystalline material dedicated to optics devices is presented.
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Antczak-Orlewska O, Okupny D, Kruk A, Bailey RI, Płóciennik M, Sikora J, Krąpiec M, Kittel P. The spatial and temporal reconstruction of a medieval moat ecosystem. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20679. [PMID: 36450784 PMCID: PMC9712582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Moats and other historical water features had great importance for past societies. The functioning of these ecosystems can now only be retrieved through palaeoecological studies. Here we aimed to reconstruct the history of a stronghold's moat during its period of operation. Our spatio-temporal approach allowed mapping of the habitat changes within a medieval moat for the first time. Using data from four cores of organic deposits taken within the moat system, we describe ecological states of the moat based on subfossil Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae assemblages. We found that over half (57%) of the identified dipteran taxa were indicative of one of the following ecological states: limnetic conditions with or without periodic water inflow, or marshy conditions. Samples representing conditions unfavourable for aquatic insects were grouped in a separate cluster. Analyses revealed that the spatio-temporal distribution of midge assemblages depended mostly on depth differences and freshwater supply from an artificial channel. Paludification and terrestrialization did not happen simultaneously across the moat system, being greatly influenced by human activity. The results presented here demonstrate the importance of a multi-aspect approach in environmental archaeology, focusing not only on the human environment, but also on the complex ecology of the past ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Antczak-Orlewska
- grid.8585.00000 0001 2370 4076Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeobotany, Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland ,grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniel Okupny
- grid.79757.3b0000 0000 8780 7659Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, 18 Mickiewicza St., 70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Richard Ian Bailey
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Płóciennik
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sikora
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Historical Archaeology and Weapon Studies, Institute of Archaeology, University of Lodz, 65 Narutowicza St., 90-131 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Krąpiec
- grid.9922.00000 0000 9174 1488Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza St., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Kittel
- grid.10789.370000 0000 9730 2769Department of Geology and Geomorphology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, 88 Narutowicza St., 90-139 Lodz, Poland
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Słowiński M, Obremska M, Avirmed D, Woszczyk M, Adiya S, Łuców D, Mroczkowska A, Halaś A, Szczuciński W, Kruk A, Lamentowicz M, Stańczak J, Rudaya N. Fires, vegetation, and human-The history of critical transitions during the last 1000 years in Northeastern Mongolia. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:155660. [PMID: 35526637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fires are natural phenomena that impact human behaviors, vegetation, and landscape functions. However, the long-term history of fire, especially in the permafrost marginal zone of Central Asia (Mongolia), is poorly understood. This paper presents the results of radiocarbon and short-lived radionuclides (210Pb and 137Cs) dating, pollen, geochemical, charcoal, and statistical analyses (Kohonen's artificial neural network) of sediment core obtained from Northern Mongolia (the Khentii Mountains region). Therefore, we present the first high-resolution fire history from Northern Mongolia covering the last 1000 years, based on a multiproxy analysis of peat archive data. The results revealed that most of the fires in the region were likely initiated by natural factors, which were probably related to heatwaves causing prolonged droughts. We have demonstrated the link between enhanced fires and "dzud", a local climatic phenomenon. The number of livestock, which has been increasing for several decades, and the observed climatic changes are superimposed to cause "dzud", a deadly combination of droughts and snowy winter, which affects fire intensity. We observed that the study area has a sensitive ecosystem that reacts quickly to climate change. In terms of changes in the vegetation, the reconstruction reflected climate variations during the last millennium, the degradation of permafrost and occurrence of fires. However, more sites with good chronologies are needed to thoroughly understand the spatial relationships between changing climate, permafrost degradation, and vegetation change, which ultimately affect the nomadic societies in the region of Central and Northern Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Słowiński
- Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Milena Obremska
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dashtseren Avirmed
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Michał Woszczyk
- Biogeochemistry Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Saruulzaya Adiya
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Dominika Łuców
- Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mroczkowska
- Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Geology and Geomorphology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Halaś
- Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Szczuciński
- Geohazards Research Unit, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Stańczak
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Rudaya
- PaleoData Lab, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Głowacki Ł, Kruk A, Penczak T. Advancing improvement in riverine water quality caused a non-native fish species invasion and native fish fauna recovery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16493. [PMID: 34389739 PMCID: PMC8363613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of biotic and abiotic drivers that put non-native invasive fishes at a disadvantage to native ones is necessary for suppressing invasions, but the knowledge is scarce, particularly when abiotic changes are fast. In this study, we increased this knowledge by an analysis of the biomass of most harmful Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in a river reviving from biological degradation. The species' invasion followed by the invasion's reversal occurred over only two decades and were documented by frequent monitoring of fish biomass and water quality. An initial moderate improvement in water quality was an environmental filter that enabled Prussian carp's invasion but prevented the expansion of other species. A later substantial improvement stimulated native species' colonization of the river, and made one rheophil, ide Leuciscus idus, a significant Prussian carp's replacer. The redundancy analysis (RDA) of the dependence of changes in the biomass of fish species on water quality factors indicated that Prussian carp and ide responded in a significantly opposite way to changes in water quality in the river over the study period. However, the dependence of Prussian carp biomass on ide biomass, as indicated by regression analysis and analysis of species traits, suggests that the ecomorphological similarity of both species might have produced interference competition that contributed to Prussian carp's decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Głowacki
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Penczak
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237, Łódź, Poland
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Kruk A. Structural and Magneto-Optical Characterization of La, Nd: Y 2O 3 Powders Obtained via a Modified EDTA Sol-Gel Process and HIP-Treated Ceramics. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4928. [PMID: 33147825 PMCID: PMC7663736 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, pure Y2O3, La0.1Y1.9O3 and La0.1Nd0.12Y1.78O3 nanosized powders were successfully synthesized by a modified sol-gel method. Pure and rare-earth ions doped yttria powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methods. The powders were sintered by the hot isostatic pressing process. The highest in-line transmittance of 56% was obtained at 800 nm and increased in the IR region. The influence of the lanthanum and neodymium ions on the physicochemical properties of yttria were discussed. The La-Nd-doped material exhibited a Verdet constant over 4000 deg/T·m at 400 nm and low thermal dependence. An interesting evolution of the Verdet constant across the absorption band with high resolution was studied. A study of the optical and magneto-optical properties of yttria doped with Nd3+ and La3+ is discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kruk
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
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8
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Jany BR, Janas A, Piskorz W, Szajna K, Kryshtal A, Cempura G, Indyka P, Kruk A, Czyrska-Filemonowicz A, Krok F. Towards the understanding of the gold interaction with AIII-BV semiconductors at the atomic level. Nanoscale 2020; 12:9067-9081. [PMID: 32285065 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10256f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIII-BV semiconductors have been considered to be a promising material for decades in overcoming the limitations of silicon semiconductor devices. One of the important aspects within the AIII-BV semiconductor technology is gold-semiconductor interactions on the nanoscale. We report on the investigations into the basic chemical interactions of Au atoms with AIII-BV semiconductor crystals by the investigation of the nanostructure formation in the process of thermally-induced Au self-assembly on various AIII-BV surfaces by means of atomically resolved High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) measurements. We have found that the formation of nanostructures is a consequence of the surface diffusion and nucleation of adatoms produced by Au induced chemical reactions on AIII-BV semiconductor surfaces. Only for InSb crystals we have found that there is efficient diffusion of Au atoms into the bulk, which we experimentally studied by Machine Learning HAADF STEM image quantification and theoretically by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with the inclusion of finite temperature effects. Furthermore, the effective number of Au atoms needed to release one AIII metal atom has been estimated. The experimental finding reveals a difference in the Au interactions with the In- and Ga-based groups of AIII-BV semiconductors. Our comprehensive and systematic studies uncover the details of the Au interactions with the AIII-BV surface at the atomic level with chemical sensitivity and shed new light on the fundamental Au/AIII-BV interactions at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Jany
- The Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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9
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Szczepko K, Kruk A, Wiśniowski B. Local habitat conditions shaping the assemblages of vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in a post-agricultural landscape of the Kampinos National Park in Poland. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1424. [PMID: 31996692 PMCID: PMC6989692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The landscape of the Kampinos National Park (KPN), a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Poland, is a mosaic of habitats created by natural processes and human activities. However, ongoing abandonment of traditional management has led to the development of forest communities in formerly open areas. The aim of the study was to identify the local habitat conditions promoting the abundance and diversity of wasp species (Vespidae) in the post-agricultural landscape of KPN. A total of 52 samples of Vespidae caught per unit effort (CPUE) were collected across various habitats with different levels of soil humidity, bare ground and mosaicity. The highest numbers and greatest species richness of vespids were recorded in open habitats on semihydrogenic and dry soil, which provided nesting sites for hypergeic (nesting above the ground) and endogeic (ground nesting) wasps. Many solitary species that are hypergeic were significantly associated with old, abandoned wooden buildings. As vespids need resources to build and provision the nest, their communities were shaped not only by the nature of the habitat sampled but also by the mosaicity of the surrounding area. The highest abundance and species richness were recorded in samples from a heterogenous landscape, which provided a wider range of available resources in the vicinity of the nest. Our findings have significant implications for the management of park landscapes: afforestation of open habitats, both human-induced and resulting from natural succession, and the removal of old abandoned wooden buildings may limit landscape mosaicity and thus decrease hymenopteran diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szczepko
- Department of Biodiversity Studies, Didactics and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
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10
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Wojciechowski AM, Mrózek PNM, Sycz K, Kruk A, Ficek M, Głowacki M, Bogdanowicz R, Gawlik W. Optical Magnetometry Based on Nanodiamonds with Nitrogen-Vacancy Color Centers. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12182951. [PMID: 31514463 PMCID: PMC6766205 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond are a very promising medium for many sensing applications such as magnetometry and thermometry. In this work, we study nanodiamonds deposited from a suspension onto glass substrates. Fluorescence and optically detected magnetic resonance spectra recorded with the dried-out nanodiamond ensembles are presented and a suitable scheme for tracking the magnetic-field value using a continuous poly-crystalline spectrum is introduced. Lastly, we demonstrate a remote-sensing capability of the high-numerical-aperture imaging fiber bundle with nanodiamonds deposited on its end facet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Wojciechowski
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Nakonieczna Mariusz Mrózek
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystian Sycz
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
- Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maciej Głowacki
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Gawlik
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szczepocka
- Laboratory of Algology and Mycology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 12/16 Banacha Street 90-237 Lodz Poland
| | - Paulina Nowicka-Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Algology and Mycology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 12/16 Banacha Street 90-237 Lodz Poland
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Łódź; 12/16 Banacha Street 90-237 Lodz Poland
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Dubiel B, Indyka P, Moskalewicz T, Kruk A, Zubko M, Kalemba-Rec I, Berent K. Characterization of the μ and P phase precipitates in the CMSX-4 single crystal superalloy. J Microsc 2017; 266:239-248. [PMID: 28218402 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using high-angle annular-dark-field (HAADF) imaging, focussed ion beam- scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography, selected area electron diffraction with beam precession (PED), as well as spatially resolved energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), was used to investigate topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, occurring in the CMSX-4 superalloy subjected to high temperature annealing and creep deformation. Structural and chemical analyses were performed to identify the TCP phases and provide information concerning the compositional partitioning of elements between them. The results of SEM and FIB-SEM tomography revealed the presence of merged TCP particles, which were identified by TEM and PED analysis as coprecipitates of the μ and P phases. Inside the TCP particles that were several micrometres in size, platelets of alternating μ and P phases of nanometric width were found. The combination of STEM-HAADF imaging with spatially resolved EDS and EELS microanalysis allowed determination of the significant partitioning of the constituent elements between the μ and P phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dubiel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Indyka
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Kraków, Poland
| | - T Moskalewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Kruk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Zubko
- University of Silesia, Institute of Materials Science, Chorzów, Poland
| | - I Kalemba-Rec
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Berent
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Kraków, Poland
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13
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Kruk A, Ciepłucha M, Zięba G, Tybulczuk S, Tszydel M, Marszał L, Błońska D, Galicka W, Przybylski M. Recovery of fish fauna in the upper Warta River, Poland: Long-term (1963–2012) monitoring study. ECOL INFORM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Wojtal-Frankiewicz A, Kruk A, Frankiewicz P, Oleksińska Z, Izydorczyk K. Long-Term Patterns in the Population Dynamics of Daphnia longispina, Leptodora kindtii and Cyanobacteria in a Shallow Reservoir: A Self-Organising Map (SOM) Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144109. [PMID: 26633032 PMCID: PMC4669109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of long-term patterns in the seasonal dynamics of Daphnia longispina, Leptodora kindtii and cyanobacteria is dependent upon their interactions, the water temperature and the hydrological conditions, which were all investigated between 1999 and 2008 in the lowland Sulejow Reservoir. The biomass of cyanobacteria, densities of D. longispina and L. kindtii, concentration of chlorophyll a and water temperature were assessed weekly from April to October at three sampling stations along the longitudinal reservoir axis. The retention time was calculated using data on the actual water inflow and reservoir volume. A self-organising map (SOM) was used due to high interannual variability in the studied parameters and their often non-linear relationships. Classification of the SOM output neurons into three clusters that grouped the sampling terms with similar biotic states allowed identification of the crucial abiotic factors responsible for the seasonal sequence of events: cluster CL-ExSp (extreme/spring) corresponded to hydrologically unstable cold periods (mostly spring) with extreme values and highly variable abiotic factors, which made abiotic control of the biota dominant; cluster CL-StSm (stable/summer) was associated with ordinary late spring and summer and was characterised by stable non-extreme abiotic conditions, which made biotic interactions more important; and the cluster CL-ExSm (extreme/summer), was associated with late spring/summer and characterised by thermal or hydrological extremes, which weakened the role of biotic factors. The significance of the differences between the SOM sub-clusters was verified by Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests. The importance of the temperature and hydrological regimes as the key plankton-regulating factors in the dam reservoir, as shown by the SOM, was confirmed by the results of canonical correlation analyses (CCA) of each cluster. The demonstrated significance of hydrology in seasonal plankton dynamics complements the widely accepted pattern proposed by the plankton succession model for lakes, the PEG (Plankton Ecology Group), and may be useful for the formulation of management decisions in dam reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Wojtal-Frankiewicz
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Frankiewicz
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Oleksińska
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Izydorczyk
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland
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Dukowska M, Kruk A, Grzybkowska M. Diet overlap between two cyprinids: eurytopic roach and rheophilic dace in tailwater submersed macrophyte patches. ECOL INFORM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Borkowska EM, Kruk A, Jedrzejczyk A, Rozniecki M, Jablonowski Z, Traczyk M, Constantinou M, Banaszkiewicz M, Pietrusinski M, Sosnowski M, Hamdy FC, Peter S, Catto JWF, Kaluzewski B. Molecular subtyping of bladder cancer using Kohonen self-organizing maps. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1225-34. [PMID: 25142434 PMCID: PMC4302672 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOMs) are unsupervised Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) that are good for low-density data visualization. They easily deal with complex and nonlinear relationships between variables. We evaluated molecular events that characterize high- and low-grade BC pathways in the tumors from 104 patients. We compared the ability of statistical clustering with a SOM to stratify tumors according to the risk of progression to more advanced disease. In univariable analysis, tumor stage (log rank P = 0.006) and grade (P < 0.001), HPV DNA (P < 0.004), Chromosome 9 loss (P = 0.04) and the A148T polymorphism (rs 3731249) in CDKN2A (P = 0.02) were associated with progression. Multivariable analysis of these parameters identified that tumor grade (Cox regression, P = 0.001, OR.2.9 (95% CI 1.6–5.2)) and the presence of HPV DNA (P = 0.017, OR 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.4)) were the only independent predictors of progression. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering grouped the tumors into discreet branches but did not stratify according to progression free survival (log rank P = 0.39). These genetic variables were presented to SOM input neurons. SOMs are suitable for complex data integration, allow easy visualization of outcomes, and may stratify BC progression more robustly than hierarchical clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta M Borkowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 3 Sterlinga Street, Lodz, 91-425, Poland; Institute for Cancer Studies and Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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Dukowska M, Grzybkowska M, Kruk A, Szczerkowska-Majchrzak E. Food niche partitioning between perch and ruffe: Combined use of a self-organising map and the IndVal index for analysing fish diet. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Penczak T, Głowacki Ł, Kruk A, Galicka W. Implementation of a self-organizing map for investigation of impoundment impact on fish assemblages in a large, lowland river: Long-term study. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Borkowska E, Jędrzejczyk A, Kruk A, Pietrusiński M, Traczyk M, Rożniecki M, Kałużewski B. Significance of CDKN2A gene A148T variant in patients with bladder cancer. Cent European J Urol 2011; 64:168-74. [PMID: 24578887 PMCID: PMC3921733 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2011.03.art17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The A148T polymorphism of CDKN2A gene is observed in various neoplasms with the incidence rate of 3-35%, however, rather little is known either about the frequency of its occurrence or of its significance in urinary bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was isolated from blood of 156 patients with urinary bladder carcinoma (130 men). In histopathology, 84 cases were classified as G1, 42 as G2, and 30 as G3. The clinical stage was in 81 cases estimated at Ta and in 75 cases at T1-T4. A148T polymorphism was detected by the MSSCP technique and by sequencing. RESULTS A148T polymorphism was identified in 9/156 urinary bladder carcinoma cases (only in men). The obtained results were compared with the polymorphism incidence for the Polish population, estimated by Debniak et al. The occurrence in the group of the bladder cancer patients turned out higher (5.77%) from that in the control group (2.89%) (G test, table 2×2: NBLADDER CANCER = 156, NCONTROL = 1210, G = 4.298, p <0.05). CONCLUSION Summing up and taking into account the analysis of clinical parameters and the age of the disease occurrence, the A148T polymorphism of CDKN2A gene was identified in the study group only in men, in whom the disease was diagnosed above the age of 60, while the diagnosed neoplasms were in the majority of cases characterized by higher clinical stages and higher grades of malignancy. This has been the first study that attempted to show a potential association between A148T alterations and an increased risk for bladder cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Borkowska
- Chair of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
| | - Adam Jędrzejczyk
- Department of Urology, John Paul II Regional Hospital in Bełchatów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Pietrusiński
- Chair of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Traczyk
- Chair of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek Rożniecki
- The Clinic of Urology at the "Lekarze Urolodzy Rożniecki i Partnerzy" Non-Public Health Unit in Łask, Poland
| | - Bogdan Kałużewski
- Chair of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
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20
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Borkowska E, Jedrzejczyk A, Kruk A, Traczyk M, Pietrusiński M, Marks P, Kaluzewski B. The A148T variant of CDKN2A gene in bladder cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2011. [PMCID: PMC3108165 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-9-s2-a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Penczak T, Kruk A, Grzybkowska M, Dukowska M. Patterning of impoundment impact on chironomid assemblages and their environment with use of the self-organizing map (SOM). Acta Oecologica 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Kaczmarczyk D, Durko M, Kruk A. [Exemplary classification of otolaryngologic data using the Kohonen artificial neural network]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2005; 19:383-7. [PMID: 16358879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An exemplary classification of otolaryngological data with use of the Kohonen artificial neural network is presented along with an evaluation of grouping effectiveness. The study was based on 220 patients with otosclerosis, including 184 women and 36 men, aged 16-68, operated at the Otosurgery Department, Medical University of Lodz in 1984-1992. The neural network distinguished 3 clusters considerably differing in air and bone conduction preoperatively and as a result in the values of postoperative air-bone gap. The effectiveness of classification was also exhibited in congruent with previous knowledge differences between clusters in many other variables not presented to the neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi, Zakład Cytofizjologii, Histologii i Embriologii.
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23
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Warmi ska M, Kruk A, Brandt W. The changes in protein fraction of milk subjected to vibration. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2003; 68:543-546. [PMID: 24757804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a model study into the effect of vibration on the changes in the nitrogen compound system of whole milk. It was found that milk protein destabilization increases with an increase in vibration frequency. Moreover, it was observed that in skimmed milk obtained from whole milk subjected to vibration, the total and dissolved nitrogen contents and the casein dehydration degree tended to decrease while the NPN+PPN level increased.
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24
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Warmi ska M, Kruk A, Brandt W. The effect of vibration frequency on changes in the salt system of milk. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2003; 68:547-550. [PMID: 24757805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a model study into the effect of varied frequencies (10-60 Hz) of vertical and horizontal vibrations at a constant acceleration of 1g for 60-min. exposures on the changes in the salt system of milk. It was found that the tendencies of changes in the salt system of milk under vertical and horizontal vibrations are similar and are determined by the applied frequency. Their intensity increased with an increase in vibration frequency.
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Warmińska M, Kruk A. Influence of vibrations on fat-phase of milk. Meded Rijksuniv Gent Fak Landbouwkd Toegep Biol Wet 2001; 66:643-6. [PMID: 15954673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Model studies are presented on the influence of vertical and horizontal vibrations of different frequency (10 to 60 Hz), constant acceleration 1 g, and constant exposition time 60 min on changes in the lipid fraction of milk. It was found that the changes in the examined characteristics of milk fat were dependent on and intensified with the frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Warmińska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Institute of Dairy Science and Technology Development, Heweliusza 1, bl. 31, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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Warmińska M, Kruk A. Vibrations in milk transportation. Meded Rijksuniv Gent Fak Landbouwkd Toegep Biol Wet 2001; 66:639-42. [PMID: 15954672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During transport of milk in three-cell tank truck, the vibrating acceleration ranged generally on the level of 0.5 to 2g (0.5 to 20 m/s2) at the vibrating frequency 2 to 60 Hz. The vibration increased proportionally to the driving speed of tank truck, being dependent on the type and surface condition of road and the efficiency of space filling in the container, with lower vibration levels at lower filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Warmińska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Institute of Dairy Science and Technology Development, Heweliusza 1, bl. 31, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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Lupa K, Wojcik G, Kruk A, Niechaj A. Excitatory and inhibitory responses of the ongoing sympathetic discharge in single renal neurons to liminal stimulation of aortic C-fibres in the rabbit. Arch Physiol Biochem 1999; 107:113-22. [PMID: 10650343 DOI: 10.1076/apab.107.2.113.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory and inhibitory responses of sympathetic discharge were recorded in single renal postganglionic neurons of rabbits anaesthetized with urethane and chloralose. The animals were vagotomized and had transected aortic nerves. Responses were elicited by single volleys in the aortic C-fibres. Excitatory responses consisted in short-lasting increase in the rate of ongoing sympathetic discharge and were followed by inhibitory responses. Excitatory effects together with inhibitory responses were seen in 68% of units (19/28). Only excitatory effects appeared in 2 neurons (7.1%) and only inhibitory effects in 7 neurons (25%). In renal neurons exhibiting both effects, the excitatory responses appeared after latency of 172 +/- 8 ms (x +/- S.D.) and had duration of 64 +/- 11 ms. Inhibitory effects had latency o f 257 +/- 10 ms and their duration amounted to 265 +/- 22 ms. In more than half of recordings the excitatory responses were separated from the inhibitory effects by discharge lasting 33 +/- 4 ms. Significant correlations between latencies of excitatory and inhibitory responses and between duration of excitatory and latency of inhibitory responses suggest interaction between both effects. Increase in the number of afferent volleys (1 through 5) evoked relatively small changes in duration of the excitatory effect indicating that temporal facilitation is of minor importance in generating this response. Temporal facilitation was found to play an important role in determining duration of the inhibitory response. Comparison of effects of unilateral and bilateral stimulation of the aortic C-fibres showed larger occlusion of durations of the excitatory than inhibitory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lupa
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical School, Lublin, Poland
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28
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Abstract
Ongoing discharge in single renal sympathetic neurons was first studied in vagotomized rabbits without baroreceptor information (60 min after section of the aortic nerves). Under urethane + chloralose anaesthesia interspike-interval histograms were compiled and discharge rates were measured in 79 neurons. The following parameters were analysed: (a) the shortest, (b) the preferred and (c) the longest interspike-intervals, (d) discharge rate, (e) spread of a histogram, (f) coefficient of symmetry, and (g) coefficient of variability. The type of distribution of histograms and 9 correlations between some parameters were also assessed. These parameters were considered to make up the pattern of the ongoing discharge. The shortest, preferred and longest interspike-intervals of the ongoing discharge were: 14.1 +/- 0.9, 30.4 +/- 3.5 and 1672 +/- 82 ms. The mean rate of discharge amounted to 1.78 +/- 0.08 spikes/s. Three out of 9 correlation coefficients between the above parameters were statistically significant. In a second part, the effect of section of the aortic nerves and of 4-aminopyridine (a drug known to enhance synaptic transmission) on the pattern of ongoing discharge were also studied. Ten minutes after section of the aortic nerves the rate of discharge significantly increased, the shortest interspike-interval diminished and coefficient of variability was not changed. The number of significant correlations rose from 3 to 9.4-Aminopyridine significantly increased the discharge rate, did not alter the shortest interspike-interval and increased the coefficient of variability. These data show that assessing several parameters of ongoing discharge making up its pattern may differentiate between the excitatory effects of section of the aortic nerves and administration of 4-aminopyridine and in this way help to elucidate the mechanisms of action of various factors affecting renal sympathetic discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lupa
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical School, Lublin, Poland
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Fogel WA, Kruk A, Kozlowska M, Sasiak K, Andrzejewski W, Maslinski C. Liver Regeneration Attenuates Increased Voluntary Alcohol Intake Evoked by the Liver Damage. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fogel WA, Kruk A, Kozlowska M, Sasiak K, Andrzejewski W, Maslinski C. Liver regeneration attenuates increased voluntary alcohol intake evoked by the liver damage. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997; 21:732-7. [PMID: 9194932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver dysfunction induced in Wistar rats either surgically (by construction of portocaval anastomosis) or chemically (by chronic administration of thioacetamide) led to increased voluntary alcohol intake. Alcohol preference could be attenuated by liver regeneration that was triggered by a two-thirds hepatectomy done on cirrhotic rats. The brain serotonin system was activated in portocaval anastomosis rats and unchanged in thioacetamide-treated rats, thus suggesting that serotonin is not likely to be implicated in the mechanism(s) underlying development of alcohol preference in these rats. Also, tetrahydro-beta-carboline could possibly be excluded from consideration. Neither change in the brain concentration or distribution of tetrahydrobetacarboline after long-term treatment with thioacetamide could be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Fogel
- Institute of Biogenic Amines, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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Zurowski W, Kisza J, Kruk A, Roskosz A. Lactation and Chemical Composition of Milk of the European Beaver (Castor fiber L.). J Mammal 1974. [DOI: 10.2307/1379417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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32
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Zurowski W, Kisza J, Kruk A, Roskosz A. Lactation and chemical composition of milk of the European beaver (Castor fiber L.). J Mammal 1974; 55:847-50. [PMID: 4475079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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