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Haddad L, Pawar K, Perdew CH, Dunker G, Bansal S, Collado LV, Hall A, Baig MW, Abdelmoity A, Bansal L. Efficacy and Tolerability of Ultra Rapid Duty Cycling Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Medically Refractory Absence Seizures. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 147:139-147. [PMID: 37611408 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant knowledge gap exists on vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) efficacy and tolerability in medically refractory absence seizures (MRAS). This retrospective review of patients with MRAS aims to narrow this knowledge gap by comparing ultra rapid duty cycling ([URDC] ON time seven seconds, OFF time 0.2 minutes) with less frequent stimulations of rapid duty cycling (RDC, OFF time <1.1 minutes) and normal duty cycling (NDC, OFF time ≥1.1 minutes). METHODS Patients with MRAS aged less than 21 years who underwent VNS implantation were identified. Patient demographics, antiepileptic medications, seizure types, frequency, VNS parameters, outcomes of seizure reduction rate (SRR), and seizure freedom were extracted and compared among NDC, RDC, and URDC patient cohorts. RESULTS Thirty-six patients with MRAS were identified. After a mean follow-up of 32.6 months, responder rate ([RR], SRR ≥50%) for URDC was 80% for absence seizures and 80% for all seizure types versus 66.67% and 66.77% for NDC and 78.57% and 57.14% for RDC, respectively. Six of 10 patients (60%) on URDC achieved complete seizure freedom. A higher rate of subjective improvement in academic performance, attention, and developmental gain was noted in the URDC group. Patients on URDC tolerated higher output current (mean 3.025 mA) with minimal side effects but required a battery change sooner. CONCLUSIONS VNS is a safe and effective nonpharmacologic management choice in patients with MRAS. The data presented demonstrate that the combination of URDC and high output current provides better RR and seizure freedom. Apart from a reduced battery life, this parameter modality seems to be well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Haddad
- Epilepsy Fellow, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kailash Pawar
- Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Carina H Perdew
- Research Student, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Grace Dunker
- Research Student, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Saru Bansal
- Research Student, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lines Vargas Collado
- Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ara Hall
- Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri; Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Mirza Waseem Baig
- Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoity
- Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri; Professor of Neurology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri; Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
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Amadori E, Pellino G, Bansal L, Mazzone S, Møller RS, Rubboli G, Striano P, Russo A. Answer to: Genetic paroxysmal neurological disorders featuring episodic ataxia and epilepsy (Amadori E et al., 2022). EJMG-D-22-00384. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104634. [PMID: 36198373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Amadori
- IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuditta Pellino
- Pediatric Unit, Azienda USL Ferrara - Sant'Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Serena Mazzone
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell'età pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department for Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Department of Neurology, Danish Epilepsy Center (Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE), Dianalund, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS G. Gaslini Institute, 16147, Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelo Russo
- IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell'età pediatrica, Bologna, Italy.
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Cohen ASA, Farrow EG, Abdelmoity AT, Alaimo JT, Amudhavalli SM, Anderson JT, Bansal L, Bartik L, Baybayan P, Belden B, Berrios CD, Biswell RL, Buczkowicz P, Buske O, Chakraborty S, Cheung WA, Coffman KA, Cooper AM, Cross LA, Curran T, Dang TTT, Elfrink MM, Engleman KL, Fecske ED, Fieser C, Fitzgerald K, Fleming EA, Gadea RN, Gannon JL, Gelineau-Morel RN, Gibson M, Goldstein J, Grundberg E, Halpin K, Harvey BS, Heese BA, Hein W, Herd SM, Hughes SS, Ilyas M, Jacobson J, Jenkins JL, Jiang S, Johnston JJ, Keeler K, Korlach J, Kussmann J, Lambert C, Lawson C, Le Pichon JB, Leeder JS, Little VC, Louiselle DA, Lypka M, McDonald BD, Miller N, Modrcin A, Nair A, Neal SH, Oermann CM, Pacicca DM, Pawar K, Posey NL, Price N, Puckett LMB, Quezada JF, Raje N, Rowell WJ, Rush ET, Sampath V, Saunders CJ, Schwager C, Schwend RM, Shaffer E, Smail C, Soden S, Strenk ME, Sullivan BR, Sweeney BR, Tam-Williams JB, Walter AM, Welsh H, Wenger AM, Willig LK, Yan Y, Younger ST, Zhou D, Zion TN, Thiffault I, Pastinen T. Genomic answers for children: Dynamic analyses of >1000 pediatric rare disease genomes. Genet Med 2022; 24:1336-1348. [PMID: 35305867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to provide comprehensive diagnostic and candidate analyses in a pediatric rare disease cohort through the Genomic Answers for Kids program. METHODS Extensive analyses of 960 families with suspected genetic disorders included short-read exome sequencing and short-read genome sequencing (srGS); PacBio HiFi long-read genome sequencing (HiFi-GS); variant calling for single nucleotide variants (SNV), structural variant (SV), and repeat variants; and machine-learning variant prioritization. Structured phenotypes, prioritized variants, and pedigrees were stored in PhenoTips database, with data sharing through controlled access the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes. RESULTS Diagnostic rates ranged from 11% in patients with prior negative genetic testing to 34.5% in naive patients. Incorporating SVs from genome sequencing added up to 13% of new diagnoses in previously unsolved cases. HiFi-GS yielded increased discovery rate with >4-fold more rare coding SVs compared with srGS. Variants and genes of unknown significance remain the most common finding (58% of nondiagnostic cases). CONCLUSION Computational prioritization is efficient for diagnostic SNVs. Thorough identification of non-SNVs remains challenging and is partly mitigated using HiFi-GS sequencing. Importantly, community research is supported by sharing real-time data to accelerate gene validation and by providing HiFi variant (SNV/SV) resources from >1000 human alleles to facilitate implementation of new sequencing platforms for rare disease diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S A Cohen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Joseph T Alaimo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shivarajan M Amudhavalli
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - John T Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lauren Bartik
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Bradley Belden
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Rebecca L Biswell
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | | | - Warren A Cheung
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Keith A Coffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Ashley M Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Laura A Cross
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Tom Curran
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Thuy Tien T Dang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Mary M Elfrink
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Erin D Fecske
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Cynthia Fieser
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Keely Fitzgerald
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Emily A Fleming
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Randi N Gadea
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Rose N Gelineau-Morel
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jeffrey Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Kelsee Halpin
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Brian S Harvey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Bryce A Heese
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Wendy Hein
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Suzanne M Herd
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Susan S Hughes
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Mohammed Ilyas
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jill Jacobson
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Janda L Jenkins
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | - Kathryn Keeler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jonas Korlach
- Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc, Menlo Park, CA
| | | | | | - Caitlin Lawson
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | - Vicki C Little
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | | | - Neil Miller
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Allergy Immunology Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Ann Modrcin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Annapoorna Nair
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shelby H Neal
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Donna M Pacicca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Kailash Pawar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Nyshele L Posey
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Nigel Price
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Laura M B Puckett
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Julio F Quezada
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Nikita Raje
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Eric T Rush
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Carol J Saunders
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Caitlin Schwager
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Richard M Schwend
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Elizabeth Shaffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Craig Smail
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Sarah Soden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Meghan E Strenk
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Brooke R Sweeney
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Adam M Walter
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Holly Welsh
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Laurel K Willig
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Yun Yan
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Scott T Younger
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Tricia N Zion
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO.
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO.
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Russo A, Cuteri V, Bansal L, Bonanni P, Danieli A, Pini A, Gobbi G. Brivaracetam in treating epileptic encephalopathy and refractory focal epilepsies in patients under 14 years of age. Iran J Child Neurol 2021; 15:95-104. [PMID: 34782846 PMCID: PMC8570622 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v15i4.29819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the efficacy and safety of Brivaracetam in pediatric patients with epileptic encephalopathy or unresponsive focal epilepsy. Materials & Methods This retrospective study included eight pediatric patients with EE or unresponsive focal epilepsy. Inclusion criteria: (1) ≤14 years, (2) history of refractory epilepsy, (3) at least one month of continuous therapy with BRV, and (4) at least six months of follow-up. Exclusion criteria: (1) variation of concomitant antiepileptic drugs during the previous and/or subsequent four weeks of the BRV introduction, (2) levetiracetam in therapy, (3) epilepsy secondary to the progressive cerebral disease, tumor, or any other progressive neurodegenerative diseases, and (4) a status epilepticus a month before screening or during the baseline period. The efficacy of BRV was defined as ≥50% of seizure frequency reduction at the end of the follow-up, compared to baseline. Results: All patients showed ≥50% seizure frequency reduction, of whom 37.5% were seizure-free, 25% had a frequency reduction of ≥75%, and 37.5% had frequency reduction of ≥ 50%. All patients with an epilepsy onset >12 months and epilepsy duration of ≤6 years were seizure-free. The maximum effect was achieved at 2 mg/kg/day, and focal seizures revealed a better response than epileptic encephalopathy. A remarkably positive effect of the Brivaracetam was noticed in patients with encephalopathy regarding the status epilepticus during sleep; however, no relevant side-effects were noted. Conclusion: Brivaracetam was an effective and well-tolerated treatment in pediatric patients with epileptic encephalopathy or unresponsive focal epilepsy, especially for the epilepsy onset >12 months and the epilepsy duration ≤6 years. The total effect was not dose-dependent. Brivaracetam could represent an indication of encephalopathy regarding the status epilepticus during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Russo
- Pediatric Neurologist and Psychiatrist - Epileptologist IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital and Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna Child Neurology Unit - Seizure Unit Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cuteri
- Child Neurology and Psichiatric Unit, Departement of Medical and Surgical Science (DIMEC), S.Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- l'IRCCS "Medea" - La Nostra Famiglia di Conegliano, U.O.C Epilessia e Psicopatologia, Italy
| | - Alberto Danieli
- l'IRCCS "Medea" - La Nostra Famiglia di Conegliano, U.O.C Epilessia e Psicopatologia, Italy
| | - Antonella Pini
- Pediatric Neurologist and Psychiatrist - Epileptologist IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital and Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna Child Neurology Unit - Seizure Unit Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gobbi
- IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Kabi P, Razdan V, Roy D, Bansal L, Sahoo S, Mukherjee R, Chaudhuri S, Basu S. Evaporation-induced alterations in oscillation and flow characteristics of a sessile droplet on a rose-mimetic surface. Soft Matter 2021; 17:1487-1496. [PMID: 33459336 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strategic control of evaporation dynamics can help control oscillation modes and internal flow field in an oscillating sessile droplet. This article presents the study of an oscillating droplet on a bio-inspired "sticky" surface to better understand the nexus between the modes of evaporation and oscillation. Oscillation in droplets can be characterized by the number of nodes forming on the surface and is referred to as the mode of oscillation. An evaporating sessile droplet under constant periodic perturbation naturally self-tunes between different oscillation modes depending on its geometry. The droplet geometry evolves according to the mode of evaporation controlled by substrate topography. We use a bio-inspired, rose patterned, "sticky" hydrophobic substrate to perpetually pin the contact line of the droplet in order to hence achieve a single mode of evaporation for most of the droplet's lifetime. This allows the prediction of experimentally observed oscillation mode transitions at different excitation frequencies. We present simple scaling arguments to predict the velocity of the internal flow induced by the oscillation. The findings are beneficial to applications which seek to tailor energy and mass transfer rates across liquid droplets by using bio-inspired surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Kabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Vishank Razdan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Durbar Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Lalit Bansal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sumita Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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Alam A, Gupta A, Gupta N, Yelamanchi R, Bansal L, Durga C. Evaluation of ISS, RTS, CASS and TRISS scoring systems for predicting outcomes of blunt trauma abdomen. Pol Przegl Chir 2021; 93:9-15. [PMID: 33949318 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trauma is the leading cause of mortality in people below the age of 45 years. Abdominal trauma constitutes one-fourth of the trauma burden. Scoring systems in trauma are necessary for grading the severity of the injury and prior mobilization of resources in anticipation. The aim of this study was to evaluate RTS, ISS, CASS and TRISS scoring systems in blunt trauma abdomen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective single-center study was conducted on 43 patients of blunt trauma abdomen. Revised trauma score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), Clinical Abdominal Scoring System (CASS) and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) were calculated and compared with the outcomes such as need for surgical intervention, post-operative complications and mortality. RESULTS The majority of the study subjects were males (83.7%). The most common etiology for blunt trauma abdomen as per this study was road traffic accident (72.1%). Spleen was the most commonly injured organ as per the study. CASS and TRISS were significant in predicting the need for operative intervention. Only ISS significantly predicted post-operative complications. All scores except CASS significantly predicted mortality. CONCLUSIONS Among the scoring systems studied CASS and TRISS predicted the need for operative intervention with good accuracy. For the prediction of post-operative complications, only the ISS score showed statistical significance. ISS, RTS and TRISS predicted mortality with good accuracy but the superiority of one score over the other couldn't be proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Alam
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghav Yelamanchi
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - C Durga
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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7
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Kayyali H, Abdelmoity S, Bansal L, Kaufman C, Smith K, Fecske E, Pawar K, Hall A, Gustafson M, Abdelmoity A, Abdelmoity A. The Efficacy and Safety of Rapid Cycling Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Children With Intractable Epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 109:35-38. [PMID: 32461031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an effective adjunctive therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. Nevertheless, information is lacking regarding optimization of stimulation parameters to improve efficacy. Our study examines the safety and efficacy of rapid duty cycle VNS (OFF time ≤1.1 minute keeping duty cycle less than 50%) in pediatric cohort with intractable epilepsy. METHODS Retrospective chart review of 50 patients (one to 17 years) with drug-resistant epilepsy treated with VNS between 2010 and 2015 at a single pediatric epilepsy center. Safety and tolerability data were aggregated across all patient visits to determine frequency of adverse events between differing duty cycles. We also compared seizure reduction rates for each patient at (1) last regular duty cycle visit, (2) first rapid duty cycle visit, and (3) last recorded rapid duty cycle visit. RESULTS Rapid duty cycle was well tolerated, with no adverse events reported in 96.6% patient encounters. At the last visit before switching to rapid duty cycle 45.5% patients were showing response to VNS (seizure reduction rates ≥50%). This rate increased to 77.3% after switching to rapid duty cycle and remained at 77.4% at the last rapid duty cycle visit. Fifteen patients (34.1%) became responders to VNS after switching to rapid cycling; another 19 (43.2%) maintained their response with mostly improved seizure reduction rates. In only a few instances, responders became nonresponders after switching to rapid duty cycle. CONCLUSIONS Rapid duty cycle VNS is probably safe and well tolerated; it may also be more efficacious than regular cycling VNS in some patients. This study highlights the necessity of prospective, long-term, double-blinded studies for understanding the advantages of this VNS modality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherouk Abdelmoity
- University of Missouri, at Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Christian Kaufman
- Section of Neurosurgery, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kyle Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Erin Fecske
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kailash Pawar
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ara Hall
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Megan Gustafson
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ayman Abdelmoity
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoity
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri.
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9
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Bansal L, Sanyal A, Kabi P, Pathak B, Basu S. Engineering Interfacial Processes at Mini-Micro-Nano Scales Using Sessile Droplet Architecture. Langmuir 2018; 34:8423-8442. [PMID: 29470090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Evaporating sessile functional droplets act as the fundamental building block that controls the cumulative outcome of many industrial and biological applications such as surface patterning, 3D printing, photonic crystals, and DNA sequencing, to name a few. Additionally, a drying single sessile droplet forms a high-throughput processing technique using low material volume which is especially suitable for medical diagnosis. A sessile droplet also provides an elementary platform to study and analyze fundamental interfacial processes at various length scales ranging from macroscopically observable wetting and evaporation to microfluidic transport to interparticle forces operating at a nanometric length scale. As an example, to ascertain the quality of 3D printing we must understand the fundamental interfacial processes at the droplet scale. In this article, we review the coupled physics of evaporation flow-contact-line-driven particle transport in sessile colloidal droplets and provide methodologies to control the same. Through natural alterations in droplet vaporization, one can change the evaporative pattern and contact line dynamics leading to internal flow which will modulate the final particle assembly in a nontrivial fashion. We further show that control over particle transport can also be exerted by external stimuli which can be thermal, mechanical oscillations, vapor confinement (walled or a fellow droplet), or chemical (surfactant-induced) in nature. For example, significant augmentation of an otherwise evaporation-driven particle transport in sessile droplets can be brought about simply through controlled interfacial oscillations. The ability to control the final morphologies by manipulating the governing interfacial mechanisms in the precursor stages of droplet drying makes it perfectly suitable for fabrication-, mixing-, and diagnostic-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Bansal
- Division of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Epilepsy, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinic, Kansas City, Missouri.
| | - Timothy P Zinkus
- Department of Radiology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Alexander Kats
- Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
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Shaikeea AJD, Basu S, Tyagi A, Sharma S, Hans R, Bansal L. Universal representations of evaporation modes in sessile droplets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184997. [PMID: 28915263 PMCID: PMC5600401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we provide a simple method to represent the contact line dynamics of an evaporating sessile droplet. As a droplet evaporates, two distinct contact line dynamics are observed. They are collectively known as modes of evaporation, namely Constant Contact Radius (CCR) and Constant Contact Angle (CCA). Another intermediate mode-Stick-Slide (SS) or mixed mode is also commonly observed. In this article, we are able to provide a graphical representation to these modes (named as MOE plot), which is visually more comprehensive especially for comparative studies. In addition, the method facilitates quantitative estimation for mode of evaporation (named as MOE fraction or MOEf), which doesn't exist in literature. Thus, various substrates can now be compared based on mode of evaporation (or contact line dynamics), which are governed by fluid property and surface characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Saksham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rishabh Hans
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
Tiny concentrations of suspended particles may alter the behavior of an evaporating droplet remarkably, leading to partially viscous and partially elastic dynamical characteristics. This, in turn, may lead to some striking mechanical instabilities, such as buckling and rupture. Here, we report certain non-trivial implications of the consequent morpho-dynamics (macro to nano scales), when such an evaporating droplet is encapsulated in a confined environment. Compared to unconfined scenario, we report non-intuitive suppression of rupturing beyond a critical confinement. We attribute this to confinement-induced dramatic alteration in the evaporating flux, leading to distinctive spatio-temporal characteristics of the internal flow leading to preferential particle transport and subsequent morphological transitions. We present a regime map quantifying buckling-non buckling pathways. These results may turn out to be of profound importance towards achieving desired morphological features of a colloidal droplet, by aptly tuning the confinement space, initial particle concentration, as well as the initial droplet volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Abstract
Evaporation of sessile droplets has been a topic of extensive research. However, the effect of confinement on the underlying dynamics has not been well explored. Here, we report the evaporation dynamics of a sessile droplet in a confined fluidic environment. Our findings reveal that an increase in the channel length delays the completion of the evaporation process and leads to unique spatio-temporal evaporation flux and internal flow. The evaporation modes (constant contact angle and constant contact radius) during the droplet lifetime however exhibit global similarity when normalized by appropriate length and timescales. These results are explained in light of an increase in vapor concentration inside the channel due to greater accumulation of water vapor on account of increased channel length. We have formulated a theoretical framework which introduces two key parameters namely an enhanced concentration of the vapor field in the vicinity of the confined droplet and a corresponding accumulation lengthscale over which the accumulated vapor relaxes to the ambient concentration. Using these two parameters and modified diffusion based evaporation we are able to show that confined droplets exhibit a universal behavior in terms of the temporal evolution of each evaporation mode irrespective of the channel length. These results may turn out to be of profound importance in a wide variety of applications, ranging from surface patterning to microfluidic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Shaikeea A, Basu S, Hatte S, Bansal L. Insights into Vapor-Mediated Interactions in a Nanocolloidal Droplet System: Evaporation Dynamics and Affects on Self-Assembly Topologies on Macro- to Microscales. Langmuir 2016; 32:10334-10343. [PMID: 27635461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Particle-laden droplet-based systems ranging from micro- to nanoscale have become increasingly popular in applications such as inkjet printing, pharmaceutics, nanoelectronics, and surface patterning. All such applications involve multidroplet arrays in which vapor-mediated interactions can significantly affect the evaporation dynamics and morphological topology of precipitates. A fundamental study was conducted on nanocolloidal paired droplets (droplets kept adjacent to each other as in an array) to understand the physics related to the evaporation dynamics, internal flow pattern, particle transport, and nanoparticle self-assembly, primarily using optical diagnostic techniques [such as micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV)]. Paired droplets exhibit contact angle asymmetry, inhomogeneous contact line slip, and unique single-toroid microscale flow, which are unobserved in single droplets. Furthermore, nanoparticles self-assemble (at the nanoscale) to form a unique variable-thickness (microscale) tilted dome-shaped structure that eventually ruptures at an angle because of evaporation at a nanopore scale to form cavities (miniscale). The geometry and morphology of the dome can be further fine-tuned at a macro- to microscale by varying the initial particle concentration and substrate properties. This concept has been extended to a linear array of droplets to showcase how to custom design two-dimensional drop arrangements to create controlled surface patterns at multiple length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkur Shaikeea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sandeep Hatte
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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Basu S, Bansal L, Miglani A. Towards universal buckling dynamics in nanocolloidal sessile droplets: the effect of hydrophilic to superhydrophobic substrates and evaporation modes. Soft Matter 2016; 12:4896-4902. [PMID: 27125247 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00837b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation of a nanocolloidal sessile droplet exhibits preferential particle assembly, nanoporous shell formation and buckling to form cavities with unique morphological features. Here, we have established many universal trends that explain the buckling dynamics under one umbrella irrespective of hydrophobicity, evaporation mode and particle loading. We provide a regime map explaining the droplet morphology and buckling characteristics for droplet evaporation on various substrates. Specifically, we find that the final droplet volume and the radius of curvature at the buckling onset are universal functions of particle concentration. Furthermore, we establish that post-buckling cavity growth is evaporation driven regardless of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Bansal L, Miglani A, Basu S. Morphological transitions and buckling characteristics in a nanoparticle-laden sessile droplet resting on a heated hydrophobic substrate. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:042605. [PMID: 27176350 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.042605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have established the evaporation-liquid flow coupling mechanism by which sessile nanofluid droplets on a hydrophobic substrate evaporate and agglomerate to form unique morphological features under controlled external heating. It is well understood that evaporation coupled with internal liquid flow controls particle transport in a spatiotemporal sense. Flow characteristics inside the heated droplet are investigated and found to be driven by the buoyancy effects. Velocity magnitudes are observed to increase by an order at higher temperatures with similar looking flow profiles. The recirculating flow induced particle transport coupled with collision of particles and shear interaction between them leads to the formation of dome shaped viscoelastic shells of different dimensions depending on the surface temperature. These shells undergo sol-gel transition and subsequently undergo buckling instability leading to the formation of daughter cavities. With an increase in the surface temperature, droplets exhibit buckling from multiple sites over a larger sector in the top half of the droplet. Irrespective of the initial nanoparticle concentration and substrate temperature, growth of a daughter cavity (subsequent to buckling) inside the droplet is found to be controlled by the solvent evaporation rate from the droplet periphery and is shown to exhibit a universal trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ankur Miglani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Greene S, Bansal L, Coffman KA, Nardone R, Zuccoli G. Pial Synangiosis Ameliorates Movement Disorders in the Absence of Prior Stroke in Moyamoya Disease. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:646-51. [PMID: 26450280 DOI: 10.1177/0883073815609152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive stenosis of the bilateral distal internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. Both chorea and dystonia have been reported as the initial presentation of moyamoya disease. OBJECTIVE The objective was to define the clinical presentation and describe the disease course following pial synangiosis of 3 patients with dyskinesias. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 3 cases of patients presenting with movement disorders and ultimately diagnosed with moyamoya disease was performed. RESULTS The authors present a case series of 1 patient with dystonia and 2 patients with chorea, all diagnosed with moyamoya disease. All patients experienced resolution of their movement disorders following pial synangiosis. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed moyamoya disease-related basal ganglia anomalies in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Moyamoya disease is an important and surgically treatable cause of movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Greene
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Keith A Coffman
- Department of Neurology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Raffaele Nardone
- Department of Neurology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giulio Zuccoli
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh PA, USA
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Bansal L, Miller I, Hyslop A, Bhatia S, Duchowny M, Jayakar P. PET hypermetabolism in medically resistant childhood epilepsy: Incidence, associations, and surgical outcome. Epilepsia 2016; 57:436-44. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Bansal
- Department of Neurology; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Ian Miller
- Department of Neurology; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Brain Institute; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Department of Neurology; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Ann Hyslop
- Department of Neurology; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Brain Institute; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Department of Neurology; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Sanjiv Bhatia
- Brain Institute; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Department of Neurosurgery; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Michael Duchowny
- Department of Neurology; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Brain Institute; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Department of Neurology; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami Florida U.S.A
| | - Prasanna Jayakar
- Department of Neurology; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Brain Institute; Nicklaus Children's Hospital; Miami Florida U.S.A
- Department of Neurology; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami Florida U.S.A
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Bansal L, Miglani A, Basu S. Universal buckling kinetics in drying nanoparticle-laden droplets on a hydrophobic substrate. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:042304. [PMID: 26565237 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.042304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive physical description of the vaporization, self-assembly, agglomeration, and buckling kinetics of sessile nanofluid droplets pinned on a hydrophobic substrate. We have deciphered five distinct regimes of the droplet life cycle. Regimes I-III consists of evaporation-induced preferential agglomeration that leads to the formation of a unique dome-shaped inhomogeneous shell with a stratified varying-density liquid core. Regime IV involves capillary-pressure-initiated shell buckling and stress-induced shell rupture. Regime V marks rupture-induced cavity inception and growth. We demonstrate through scaling arguments that the growth of the cavity (which controls the final morphology or structure) can be described by a universal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Bansal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India-560012
| | - Ankur Miglani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India-560012
| | - Saptarshi Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India-560012
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Bansal
- Division of Child Neurology; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Laura Niccoli
- Division of Radiology; University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Ariel Bailey
- Department of Pediatric Radiology; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Giulio Zuccoli
- Department of Pediatric Radiology; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
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Abedin KS, Fini JM, Thierry TF, Zhu B, Yan MF, Bansal L, Dimarcello FV, Monberg EM, DiGiovanni DJ. Seven-core erbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier pumped simultaneously by side-coupled multimode fiber. Opt Lett 2014; 39:993-996. [PMID: 24562260 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a seven-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier in which all the cores were pumped simultaneously by a side-coupled tapered multimode fiber. The amplifier has multicore (MC) MC inputs and MC outputs, which can be readily spliced to MC transmission fiber for amplifying space division multiplexed signals. Gain over 25 dB was obtained in each of the cores over a 40-nm bandwidth covering the C-band.
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Umchid S, Gopinath R, Srinivasan K, Lewin PA, Daryoush AS, Bansal L, El-Sherif M. Development of calibration techniques for ultrasonic hydrophone probes in the frequency range from 1 to 100 MHz. Ultrasonics 2009; 49:306-11. [PMID: 19110289 PMCID: PMC2677298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this work was to develop and optimize the calibration techniques for ultrasonic hydrophone probes used in acoustic field measurements up to 100 MHz. A dependable, 100 MHz calibration method was necessary to examine the behavior of a sub-millimeter spatial resolution fiber optic (FO) sensor and assess the need for such a sensor as an alternative tool for high frequency characterization of ultrasound fields. Also, it was of interest to investigate the feasibility of using FO probes in high intensity fields such as those employed in HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound) applications. In addition to the development and validation of a novel, 100 MHz calibration technique the innovative elements of this research include implementation and testing of a prototype FO sensor with an active diameter of about 10 microm that exhibits uniform sensitivity over the considered frequency range and does not require any spatial averaging corrections up to about 75 MHz. The results of the calibration measurements are presented and it is shown that the optimized calibration technique allows the sensitivity of the hydrophone probes to be determined as a virtually continuous function of frequency and is also well suited to verify the uniformity of the FO sensor frequency response. As anticipated, the overall uncertainty of the calibration was dependent on frequency and determined to be about +/-12% (+/-1 dB) up to 40 MHz, +/-20% (+/-1.5 dB) from 40 to 60 MHz and +/-25% (+/-2dB) from 60 to 100 MHz. The outcome of this research indicates that once fully developed and calibrated, the combined acousto-optic system will constitute a universal reference tool in the wide, 100 MHz bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umchid
- Department of Industrial Physics and Medical Instrumentation, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
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Dhiman A, Bansal L, Sekhon J, Rao RR, Sekhon A, Prakash N. Multiple Myeloma Presenting with Hepatic Involvement. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dhiman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, India
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, India
| | - Jagdev Sekhon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, India
| | - R. Ranga Rao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, India
| | - Amarinder Sekhon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, India
| | - Neeraj Prakash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, India
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Rao RR, Konnpal A, Bansal L, Dhiman A, Khatri S, Rawat S, Dewan A. Survival Benefit and Efficacy of Gefitinib in Recurrent/ Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ranga Rao
- Department of Medical Oncology. Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi-85, India
| | - Anil Konnpal
- Department of Medical Oncology. Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi-85, India
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Medical Oncology. Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi-85, India
| | - Amit Dhiman
- Department of Medical Oncology. Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi-85, India
| | - Sameer Khatri
- Department of Medical Oncology. Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi-85, India
| | - Shneh Rawat
- Department of Medical Oncology. Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi-85, India
| | - Ajay Dewan
- Department of Medical Oncology. Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Sector-5, Rohini, New Delhi-85, India
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