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Pan X, Tao AM, Lu S, Ma M, Hannan SB, Slaugh R, Drewes Williams S, O'Grady L, Kanca O, Person R, Carter MT, Platzer K, Schnabel F, Abou Jamra R, Roberts AE, Newburger JW, Revah-Politi A, Granadillo JL, Stegmann APA, Sinnema M, Accogli A, Salpietro V, Capra V, Ghaloul-Gonzalez L, Brueckner M, Simon MEH, Sweetser DA, Glinton KE, Kirk SE, Wangler MF, Yamamoto S, Chung WK, Bellen HJ. De novo variants in FRYL are associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:742-760. [PMID: 38479391 PMCID: PMC11023917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
FRY-like transcription coactivator (FRYL) belongs to a Furry protein family that is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. The functions of FRYL in mammals are largely unknown, and variants in FRYL have not previously been associated with a Mendelian disease. Here, we report fourteen individuals with heterozygous variants in FRYL who present with developmental delay, intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, and other congenital anomalies in multiple systems. The variants are confirmed de novo in all individuals except one. Human genetic data suggest that FRYL is intolerant to loss of function (LoF). We find that the fly FRYL ortholog, furry (fry), is expressed in multiple tissues, including the central nervous system where it is present in neurons but not in glia. Homozygous fry LoF mutation is lethal at various developmental stages, and loss of fry in mutant clones causes defects in wings and compound eyes. We next modeled four out of the five missense variants found in affected individuals using fry knockin alleles. One variant behaves as a severe LoF variant, whereas two others behave as partial LoF variants. One variant does not cause any observable defect in flies, and the corresponding human variant is not confirmed to be de novo, suggesting that this is a variant of uncertain significance. In summary, our findings support that fry is required for proper development in flies and that the LoF variants in FRYL cause a dominant disorder with developmental and neurological symptoms due to haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan & Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alice M Tao
- Vagelos School of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan & Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan & Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shabab B Hannan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan & Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Slaugh
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah Drewes Williams
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren O'Grady
- Division of Medical Genetics & Metabolism, Massachusetts General for Children, Boston, MA, USA; MGH Institute of Health Professions, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan & Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Melissa T Carter
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Schnabel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amy E Roberts
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane W Newburger
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anya Revah-Politi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine and Precision Genomics Laboratory, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge L Granadillo
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexander P A Stegmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Margje Sinnema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Valeria Capra
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Genomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lina Ghaloul-Gonzalez
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martina Brueckner
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marleen E H Simon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - David A Sweetser
- Division of Medical Genetics & Metabolism, Massachusetts General for Children, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin E Glinton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan E Kirk
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan & Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan & Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Torene RI, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Millan F, Zhang Z, McGee S, Oetjens M, Heise E, Chong K, Sidlow R, O'Grady L, Sahai I, Martin CL, Ledbetter DH, Myers SM, Mitchell KJ, Retterer K. Systematic analysis of variants escaping nonsense-mediated decay uncovers candidate Mendelian diseases. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:70-81. [PMID: 38091987 PMCID: PMC10806863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-truncating variants (PTVs) near the 3' end of genes may escape nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). PTVs in the NMD-escape region (PTVescs) can cause Mendelian disease but are difficult to interpret given their varying impact on protein function. Previously, PTVesc burden was assessed in an epilepsy cohort, but no large-scale analysis has systematically evaluated these variants in rare disease. We performed a retrospective analysis of 29,031 neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) parent-offspring trios referred for clinical exome sequencing to identify PTVesc de novo mutations (DNMs). We identified 1,376 PTVesc DNMs and 133 genes that were significantly enriched (binomial p < 0.001). The PTVesc-enriched genes included those with PTVescs previously described to cause dominant Mendelian disease (e.g., SEMA6B, PPM1D, and DAGLA). We annotated ClinVar variants for PTVescs and identified 948 genes with at least one high-confidence pathogenic variant. Twenty-two known Mendelian PTVesc-enriched genes had no prior evidence of PTVesc-associated disease. We found 22 additional PTVesc-enriched genes that are not well established to be associated with Mendelian disease, several of which showed phenotypic similarity between individuals harboring PTVesc variants in the same gene. Four individuals with PTVesc mutations in RAB1A had similar phenotypes including NDD and spasticity. PTVesc mutations in IRF2BP1 were found in two individuals who each had severe immunodeficiency manifesting in NDD. Three individuals with PTVesc mutations in LDB1 all had NDD and multiple congenital anomalies. Using a large-scale, systematic analysis of DNMs, we extend the mutation spectrum for known Mendelian disease-associated genes and identify potentially novel disease-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Oetjens
- Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA; Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christa L Martin
- Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA; Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - David H Ledbetter
- University of Florida, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Scott M Myers
- Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA; Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Kevin J Mitchell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kyle Retterer
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA.
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Howard C, Gorman I, Crushell E, Knerr I, Hughes J, Boruah R, O'Grady L, Elsammak MY, Brady JJ, Monavari AA. Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: 3 years of Newborn Screening. Ir Med J 2023; 116:743. [PMID: 37010499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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4
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O'Grady L, Schrier Vergano SA, Hoffman TL, Sarco D, Cherny S, Bryant E, Schultz-Rogers L, Chung WK, Sacharow S, Immken LL, Holder S, Blackwell RR, Buchanan C, Yusupov R, Lecoquierre F, Guerrot AM, Rodan L, de Vries BBA, Kamsteeg EJ, Santos Simarro F, Palomares-Bralo M, Brown N, Pais L, Ferrer A, Klee EW, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Rhodes L, Person R, Begtrup A, Keller-Ramey J, Santiago-Sim T, Schnur RE, Sweetser DA, Gold NB. Heterozygous variants in PRPF8 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2750-2759. [PMID: 35543142 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pre-mRNA-processing factor 8, encoded by PRPF8, is a scaffolding component of a spliceosome complex involved in the removal of introns from mRNA precursors. Previously, heterozygous pathogenic variants in PRPF8 have been associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. More recently, PRPF8 was suggested as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder due to the enrichment of sequence variants in this gene in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. We report 14 individuals with various forms of neurodevelopmental conditions, found to have heterozygous, predominantly de novo, missense, and loss-of-function variants in PRPF8. These individuals have clinical features that may represent a new neurodevelopmental syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren O'Grady
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,MGH Institute of Health Professions, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughter, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Trevor L Hoffman
- Department of Genetics, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, California, USA
| | - Dean Sarco
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente-Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Cherny
- Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Bryant
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura Schultz-Rogers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Sacharow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ladonna L Immken
- Department of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, Dell Children's Medical Group, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Holder
- Department of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, Dell Children's Medical Group, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca R Blackwell
- Department of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, Dell Children's Medical Group, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Buchanan
- Department of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, Dell Children's Medical Group, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Roman Yusupov
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Marie Guerrot
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Lance Rodan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Santos Simarro
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Palomares-Bralo
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natasha Brown
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynn Pais
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alejandro Ferrer
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Sweetser
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina B Gold
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Yuen L, Sahai I, O'Grady L, Selig M, Walker MA, Shah U, Misdraji J. Hepatic histologic findings in a case of MEGDHEL syndrome due to SERAC1 deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2760-2765. [PMID: 35781780 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MEGD(H)EL syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in SERAC1, a protein necessary for phosphatidylglycerol remodeling. It is characterized by 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, deafness-dystonia, (hepatopathy), encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome, but has a wide spectrum of severity. Here, we present a case of a child with MEGD(H)EL syndrome with infantile hepatopathy, neurodevelopmental delays, characteristic biochemical abnormalities, and biallelic novel SERAC1 mutations: (1) deletion of (at least) exons 2-4, pathogenic; and (2) c.1601A>T (p.H534L), likely pathogenic. Her initial clinical presentation was notable for persistently elevated transaminases, speech delay, delayed motor milestones, and sensorineural hearing loss. However, her verbal and motor development has progressively improved and now, at 4 years of age, she has only speech and mild gross motor delays as compared to her unaffected peers and is exceeding clinical expectations. The histologic features of a liver biopsy are described, which has not previously been published in detail for this syndrome. Hepatocytes showed granular cytoplasm and fine intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. The ultrastructural findings included abnormal circular mitochondrial cristae. These findings are consistent with a mitochondrial disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yuen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inderneel Sahai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren O'Grady
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Selig
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Anne Walker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Uzma Shah
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Misdraji
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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McCarthy MC, McAloon CG, O'Grady L, Mee JF. Growth rates of contract-reared versus home-reared replacement dairy heifers. Animal 2022; 16:100570. [PMID: 35724520 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful heifer rearing is dependent on achieving optimal average daily gain (ADG) targets to calve for the first time at 24 months. Whilst dairy farmers internationally have traditionally managed their heifers on-farm to achieve these targets, recent dairy herd expansion within Europe has resulted in increased demand for labour-saving heifer-rearing strategies, such as off-farm contractrearing. However, loss of direct influence on the day-to-day management decisions affecting the ability of heifers to grow adequately to achieve this age of first calving may represent a potential barrier to uptake. Hence, the aim of this longitudinal observational study was to compare the growth rates of contract- vs home-reared heifers. Approximately 6 500 heifers from 120 commercial Irish dairy farms were enrolled in a 3-year study. For 65 of these farms, heifers were reared at a contract-rearing facility. For the remaining 55 farms, heifers were reared on their home farm. Over the course of 20 months from birth until precalving, heifers were examined and weighed at four farm visits. The relationship between several independent variables (farm type, herd size, heifer breed, economic breeding index (EBI) and health events) and ADG at different time points was investigated and analysed utilising linear mixed models. Overall ADG for heifers throughout the rearing period was 0.71 kg/day. There was a significant association between farm type and ADG for all five linear ADG models; home-reared heifers grew, on average, 0.025, 0.039, 0.11 and 0.059 kg/day more than contract-reared heifers between visit 1 and visit 4 (overall ADG), visit 1 and visit 2, visit 2 and visit 3 and visit 1 and visit 3, respectively. The occurrence of diarrhoea during farm visit 2 (median age 8.5 months) was associated with a significant reduction in ADG between visit 3 and visit 4. Calf-hood disease (diarrhoea, respiratory disease or navel ill) was not associated with the growth rate during any of the subsequent visit periods. While home-reared heifers had greater ADG during four of the five periods studied, median heifer ADG in both cohorts exceeded the minimum published target weight gains at each developmental stage required for heifers to reach puberty, conceive at 15 months and calve for the first time at 24 months. Importantly, there was wide variation both within enterprises and between farms. It was concluded that while the absolute difference in daily growth rates of home- and contract-reared heifers was minimal, when considered in the context of the entire heifer-rearing period, these growth rate differences have the potential to impact the future reproductive and milk production performance of heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C McCarthy
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61P302, Ireland; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04W6F6, Ireland
| | - C G McAloon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04W6F6, Ireland
| | - L O'Grady
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04W6F6, Ireland
| | - J F Mee
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61P302, Ireland.
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7
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McAloon CI, McAloon CG, Tratalos J, O'Grady L, McGrath G, Guelbenzu M, Graham DA, O'Keeffe K, Barrett DJ, More SJ. Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in bulk milk samples in Irish dairy herds and risk factors associated with herd seropositive status. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5410-5419. [PMID: 35346476 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a serious disease of cattle worldwide; mastitis, pneumonia, and arthritis are particularly important clinical presentations in dairy herds. Mycoplasma bovis was first identified in Ireland in 1994, and the reporting of Mycoplasma-associated disease has substantially increased over the last 5 years. Despite the presumed endemic nature of M. bovis in Ireland, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of infection, and the effect of this disease on the dairy industry. The aim of this observational study was to estimate apparent herd prevalence for M. bovis in Irish dairy herds using routinely collected bulk milk surveillance samples and to assess risk factors for herd seropositivity. In autumn 2018, 1,500 herds out of the 16,858 herds that submitted bulk tank milk (BTM) samples to the Department of Agriculture testing laboratory for routine surveillance were randomly selected for further testing. A final data set of 1,313 sampled herds with a BTM ELISA result were used for the analysis. Testing was conducted using an indirect ELISA kit (ID Screen Mycoplasma bovis). Herd-level risk factors were used as explanatory variables to determine potential risk factors associated with positive herd status (reflecting past or current exposure to M. bovis). A total of 588 of the 1,313 BTM samples were positive to M. bovis, providing an apparent herd prevalence of 0.45 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.47) in Irish dairy herds in autumn 2018. Multivariable analysis was conducted using logistic regression. The final model identified herd size, the number of neighboring farms, in-degree and county as statistically significant risk factors for herd BTM seropositivity to M. bovis. The results suggest a high apparent herd prevalence of seropositivity to M. bovis, and evidence that M. bovis infection is now endemic in the Irish dairy sector. In addition, risk factors identified are closely aligned to what we would expect of an infectious disease. Awareness raising and education about this important disease is warranted given the widespread nature of exposure and likely infection in Irish herds. Further work on the validation of diagnostic tests for herd-level diagnosis should be undertaken as a matter of priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I McAloon
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland.
| | - C G McAloon
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - J Tratalos
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - L O'Grady
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - G McGrath
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - M Guelbenzu
- Animal Health Ireland, 2-5 The Archways, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, N41 WN27 Ireland
| | - D A Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, 2-5 The Archways, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, N41 WN27 Ireland
| | - K O'Keeffe
- Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, Blood Testing Laboratory, Model Farm Road, Cork, T12 DK73 Ireland
| | - D J Barrett
- National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, Dublin, D02 WK12 Ireland
| | - S J More
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland; Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
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8
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Kelly ET, McAloon CG, O'Grady L, Duane M, Somers JR, Beltman ME. Reproductive tract disease in Irish grazing dairy cows: Retrospective observational study examining its association with reproductive performance and accuracy of 2 diagnostic tests. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5471-5492. [PMID: 35450719 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The detection of reproductive tract disease (RTD) 3 wk postpartum is important because of its effect on subsequent reproductive outcomes. Numerous methods for the diagnosis of RTD are described, some of which are more practical and instantaneous in terms of diagnosis. Two of these methods involve identification of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and evidence of ultrasonographic uterine changes indicative of endometritis (UE). The objectives of our retrospective observational study were (1) to assess the association of PVD or UE score at the prebreeding examination (PBE) with the hazard of pregnancy within the subsequent breeding season; (2) to determine the test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at the point of sampling of both tests using a Bayesian latent class model; and (3) to determine the effect of varying positivity thresholds on test accuracy. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed an initial data set of 5,049 PBE from 2,460 spring-calved cows in 8 herds between 2014 and 2018. Each PBE was conducted once between 25 and 86 d in milk. At each PBE, vaginal discharge was obtained with a Metricheck device (Simcro) whereas uterine contents were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography. Purulent vaginal discharge was scored on a scale of 0 to 3 depending on discharge character, and UE was scored on a scale of 0 to 4 depending on the presence and consistency of intraluminal fluid. Cows with scores of ≥2 in either test had received treatment. Fertility data were available from 4,756 PBE after data exclusion. The association between PVD or UE score at the PBE and subsequent hazard of pregnancy was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Cows with a PVD score of 2 or 3 were less likely to conceive than cows with a PVD score 0 [score 2 hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.94; score 3 HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51-0.84]. Cows with a UE score of 1, 2, 3, or 4 were less likely to conceive than cows with a UE score of 0 (score 1 HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73-0.93; score 2 HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62-1.00; score 3 HR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.43-0.90; score 4 HR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.26-0.58). To determine the Se and Sp of PVD or UE score for diagnosis of RTD at the time of PBE, a Bayesian latent class model was fitted on 2,460 individual cow PBE. Flat priors were used for the Se and Sp of UE, whereas informative priors were used for PVD Se (mode = 65%, 5th percentile = 45%) and Sp (mode = 90%, 5th percentile = 80%) and RTD prevalence (mode = 20%, 5th percentile = 10%). Posterior estimates (median and 95% Bayesian probability intervals; BPI) were obtained using 'rjags' (R Studio). The optimal test thresholds (PVD and UE score ≥1) were selected by assessing the effect of different thresholds on test estimates and using a misclassification cost analysis. Based on these, median (95% BPI) Se for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 44% (29-60%) and 67% (33-100%), respectively. Median Sp for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 90% (86-93%) and 91% (86-93%), respectively. Higher scores in both tests were associated with impaired fertility, and UE scoring with a threshold of ≥1 had the highest test Se and Sp estimates although test Se was conditional on days in milk when the PBE occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kelly
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8.
| | - C G McAloon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8
| | - L O'Grady
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8
| | - M Duane
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8
| | - J R Somers
- Glanbia Ireland DAC, Kilkenny, Ireland R95 PW86
| | - M E Beltman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8
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9
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Sourbron J, Jansen K, Mei D, Hammer TB, Møller RS, Gold NB, O'Grady L, Guerrini R, Lagae L. SLC7A3: In Silico Prediction of a Potential New Cause of Childhood Epilepsy. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:46-51. [PMID: 34872132 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report an in-depth genetic analysis in an 11-year-old boy with drug-resistant, generalized seizures and developmental disability. Three distinct variants of unknown clinical significance (VUS) were detected by whole exome sequencing (WES) but not by initial genetic analyses (microarray and epilepsy gene panel). These variants involve the SLC7A3, CACNA1H, and IGLON5 genes, which were subsequently evaluated by computational analyses using the InterVar tool and MutationTaster. While future functional studies are necessary to prove the pathogenicity of a certain VUS, segregation analyses over three generations and in silico predictions suggest the X-linked gene SLC7A3 (transmembrane solute carrier transporter) as the likely culprit gene in this patient. In addition, a search via GeneMatcher unveiled two additional patients with a VUS in SLC7A3. We propose SLC7A3 as a likely candidate gene for epilepsy and/or developmental/cognitive delay and provide an overview of the 27 SLC genes related to epilepsy by other preclinical and/or clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Sourbron
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Jansen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davide Mei
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, European Reference Network ERN EpiCARE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Trine Bjørg Hammer
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Denmark and Clinical Genetic Department, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Nina B Gold
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren O'Grady
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, European Reference Network ERN EpiCARE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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McCarthy MC, O'Grady L, McAloon CG, Mee JF. A survey of biosecurity and health management practices on Irish dairy farms engaged in contract-rearing. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12859-12870. [PMID: 34593236 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A survey was conducted to investigate potential differences in biosecurity and health management practices on Irish dairy farms that sent their heifers for contract-rearing (source dairy farms, SDF; n = 62) and those rearing their own heifers (control farms, CF; n = 50). Participating farmers were surveyed by postal questionnaire between September and November 2018. The overall response rate was 93%. Results show that structurally, SDF were larger, less fragmented, and more specialized than CF. Outsourcing of labor-intensive activities to external contractors was more common among SDF than CF, exposing them to potentially increased biosecurity risks associated with animal movements, use of shared equipment, and increased frequency of farm visitors. The majority of SDF sent heifers to a single-origin rearing facility (70%), with heifers most commonly arriving at the rearing unit between 2 and 4 mo (53%) and returning to the dairy farm between 18 and 21 mo of age (56%). Despite the increased biosecurity risk associated with contract-rearing, implementation of disease prevention measures was not superior on SDF compared with CF. For both farm types, there was scope for improvement to visitor biosecurity protocols, quarantine procedures, colostrum feeding practices, and hygiene of calving areas. This research provides an overview of the demographics and farm management practices implemented by dairy farmers engaged in contract-rearing of replacement heifers, and will serve to inform farmers, veterinary advisors, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C McCarthy
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - L O'Grady
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C G McAloon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J F Mee
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland.
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11
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Neuser S, Brechmann B, Heimer G, Brösse I, Schubert S, O'Grady L, Zech M, Srivastava S, Sweetser DA, Dincer Y, Mall V, Winkelmann J, Behrends C, Darras BT, Graham RJ, Jayakar P, Byrne B, Bar-Aluma BE, Haberman Y, Szeinberg A, Aldhalaan HM, Hashem M, Al Tenaiji A, Ismayl O, Al Nuaimi AE, Maher K, Ibrahim S, Khan F, Houlden H, Ramakumaran VS, Pagnamenta AT, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Tan WH, ElGhazali G, Herman I, Muñoz T, Repetto GM, Seitz A, Krumbiegel M, Poli MC, Kini U, Efthymiou S, Meiler J, Maroofian R, Alkuraya FS, Abou Jamra R, Popp B, Ben-Zeev B, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D. Clinical, neuroimaging, and molecular spectrum of TECPR2-associated hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy with intellectual disability. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:762-776. [PMID: 33847017 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bi-allelic TECPR2 variants have been associated with a complex syndrome with features of both a neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we provide a comprehensive clinical description and variant interpretation framework for this genetic locus. Through international collaboration, we identified 17 individuals from 15 families with bi-allelic TECPR2-variants. We systemically reviewed clinical and molecular data from this cohort and 11 cases previously reported. Phenotypes were standardized using Human Phenotype Ontology terms. A cross-sectional analysis revealed global developmental delay/intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, ataxia, hyporeflexia, respiratory infections, and central/nocturnal hypopnea as core manifestations. A review of brain magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated a thin corpus callosum in 52%. We evaluated 17 distinct variants. Missense variants in TECPR2 are predominantly located in the N- and C-terminal regions containing β-propeller repeats. Despite constituting nearly half of disease-associated TECPR2 variants, classifying missense variants as (likely) pathogenic according to ACMG criteria remains challenging. We estimate a pathogenic variant carrier frequency of 1/1221 in the general and 1/155 in the Jewish Ashkenazi populations. Based on clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic data, we provide recommendations for variant reporting, clinical assessment, and surveillance/treatment of individuals with TECPR2-associated disorder. This sets the stage for future prospective natural history studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Neuser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Brechmann
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gali Heimer
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ines Brösse
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanna Schubert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lauren O'Grady
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Sweetser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasemin Dincer
- Lehrstuhl für Sozialpädiatrie, Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Germany.,Zentrum für Humangenetik und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik (MVZ), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Volker Mall
- Lehrstuhl für Sozialpädiatrie, Department of Pediatrics, Technische Universität München, Germany.,kbo-Kinderzentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert J Graham
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Barry Byrne
- Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bat El Bar-Aluma
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Haberman
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amir Szeinberg
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hesham M Aldhalaan
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Al Tenaiji
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar Ismayl
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Karima Maher
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahnaz Ibrahim
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen-Hann Tan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gehad ElGhazali
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Isabella Herman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tatiana Muñoz
- Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelika Seitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Krumbiegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Cecilia Poli
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Hayes CJ, McAloon CG, Kelly ET, Carty CI, Ryan EG, Mee JF, O'Grady L. The effect of dairy heifer pre-breeding growth rate on first lactation milk yield in spring-calving, pasture-based herds. Animal 2021; 15:100169. [PMID: 33516630 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimising heifer growth rate may offer an opportunity to improve lifetime milk yield per cow, enhancing the environmental and economic efficiency of dairy farming operations. The effect of dairy heifer pre-breeding average daily weight gain (ADGPB) on first lactation milk yield was investigated. This observational study employed a data set comprising 265 Holstein-Friesian, or Holstein-Friesian-cross-Jersey heifers from seven commercial, spring-calving, pasture-based dairy herds, where the major component of the diet was grazed grass. These were weighed at birth and prior to breeding and ADGPB was calculated. Milk recordings were performed throughout the heifers' first lactation and 305-day yield figures calculated from these records. Yields were corrected to 4% fat and 3.1% protein to create standardised 305-day milk yield (SMY), which was the outcome of interest. Median ADGPB was 0.72 kg/day. Median 305-day yield was 5 967 kg. Linear regression was used to investigate the effect of weight and genetic, age and first calving factors on SMY. Pre-breeding average daily weight gain, age at first calving and predicted transmitting abilities for milk protein production and calving interval were all significant in the final model, which also included the random effects of farm and month of calving within year. ADGPB was quadratically related to first lactation SMY, with an ADGPB of 0.82 kg/day corresponding to the maximum predicted SMY. The model predicted that a heifer growing at 0.82 kg/day would produce 1 120 kg more SMY than a heifer growing at 0.55 kg/day, 218 kg more than a heifer growing at 0.7 kg/day and 103 kg more than a heifer growing at 0.90 kg/day. Manipulation of heifer growth rate may offer a viable method of increasing first lactation milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hayes
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04W6F6, Ireland.
| | - C G McAloon
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04W6F6, Ireland
| | - E T Kelly
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04W6F6, Ireland
| | - C I Carty
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04W6F6, Ireland
| | - E G Ryan
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04W6F6, Ireland
| | - J F Mee
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61C996, Ireland
| | - L O'Grady
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04W6F6, Ireland
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13
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Kelly E, McAloon CG, O'Grady L, Duane M, Somers JR, Beltman ME. Cow-level risk factors for reproductive tract disease diagnosed by 2 methods in pasture-grazed dairy cattle in Ireland. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:737-749. [PMID: 31733853 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cow-side diagnosis of reproductive tract disease (RTD) involves identifying the presence of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and ultrasonographic endometritis (UE). The objectives of our study were to obtain prevalence estimates for RTD diagnosed by 2 methods (PVD and UE scoring) and to investigate the risk factors for increased probability of RTD if these methods are used in isolation or in combination. Our retrospective observational cohort study tested the hypothesis that RTD assessed by 2 methods would have similar risk factors, and that those would be mainly cow- and calving-related factors. We analyzed data from 5,049 pre-breeding examinations (PBE) from 2,460 spring-calved cows on 8 farms between 2014 and 2018. Cow-related details assessed were days in milk at PBE, breed, lactation number, dry period length, body condition score at calving and PBE, 305-d milk yield, predicted transmitting ability for production and fertility, the presence of a corpus luteum at PBE, and positive diagnosis the previous year. Calving details assessed were type of sire, calf sex, twinning, stillbirth, calving difficulty score, and retained fetal membranes. We conducted statistical analyses using 4 multivariable logistic regression models to identify the risk of RTD diagnosed by (1) PVD in isolation, (2) UE in isolation, (3) the presence of either PVD or UE; and (4) the presence of both PVD and UE. We accounted for herd, cow, and year as random effects in all 4 models. The overall prevalence of RTD in models 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 7.5, 6.7, 11.6, and 2.6%, respectively. Days in milk at PBE, the interaction between days in milk and retained fetal membranes, twinning, and the predicted transmitting ability for calving interval were consistently significant risk factors for positive scores in all 4 models. Considerable calving difficulty [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 13.64], Holstein Friesian dam breed (AOR = 2.58), first lactation (AOR = 2.39), and body condition score at PBE (AOR = 1.64) were risk factors for a positive PVD score but not for a positive UE score. Fifth lactation (AOR = 1.69), a beef-sired calf (AOR = 1.46), and the absence of a corpus luteum at PBE (AOR = 1.57) were risk factors for a positive UE score but not for a positive PVD score. These results support the hypothesis that most of the risk factors for PVD and UE are the same but some are distinctly different, implying that in some instances the 2 methods diagnose separate components of the RTD complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kelly
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - C G McAloon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - L O'Grady
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Duane
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J R Somers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M E Beltman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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14
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Stolerman ES, Francisco E, Stallworth JL, Jones JR, Monaghan KG, Keller-Ramey J, Person R, Wentzensen IM, McWalter K, Keren B, Heron B, Nava C, Heron D, Kim K, Burton B, Al-Musafri F, O'Grady L, Sahai I, Escobar LF, Meuwissen M, Reyniers E, Kooy F, Lacassie Y, Gunay-Aygun M, Schatz KS, Hochstenbach R, Zwijnenburg PJG, Waisfisz Q, van Slegtenhorst M, Mancini GMS, Louie RJ. Genetic variants in the KDM6B gene are associated with neurodevelopmental delays and dysmorphic features. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1276-1286. [PMID: 31124279 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B) demethylates trimethylated lysine-27 on histone H3. The methylation and demethylation of histone proteins affects gene expression during development. Pathogenic alterations in histone lysine methylation and demethylation genes have been associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. We have identified a number of de novo alterations in the KDM6B gene via whole exome sequencing (WES) in a cohort of 12 unrelated patients with developmental delay, intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and other clinical findings. Our findings will allow for further investigation in to the role of the KDM6B gene in human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Katherine Kim
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Barbara Burton
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Luis F Escobar
- Medical Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Center, Peyton Manning Children's, Hospital at St. Vincent, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Edwin Reyniers
- Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Frank Kooy
- Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yves Lacassie
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Ron Hochstenbach
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J G Zwijnenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Hayes CJ, McAloon CG, Carty CI, Ryan EG, Mee JF, O'Grady L. The effect of growth rate on reproductive outcomes in replacement dairy heifers in seasonally calving, pasture-based systems. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5599-5611. [PMID: 31005327 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of average daily gain (ADG) on reproductive outcomes in replacement dairy heifers was investigated. All heifers were managed in the typical Irish spring calving, pasture-based system, where the herd calves in 1 block between January and April and the majority of the diet comprises grazed grass. Heifer calves (n = 399) from 7 herds were weighed at birth and at the beginning of the breeding season, and ADG was calculated. Service dates and pregnancy diagnosis results were recorded, and conception dates were calculated. Days open (DO) was defined as the number of days between the beginning of the breeding season and conception. Genetic data were retrieved from the Irish Cattle Breeding Federation database. A Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to identify variables with a significant effect on DO. An accelerated failure time model was used to predict survival curves and median survival times for different combinations of the significant variables. The ADG ranged from 0.41 to 0.91 kg/d, with a median of 0.70 kg/d. Frailty effect of farm within year, maintenance subindex of the economic breeding index, and ADG had a significant effect on DO. Derived from the final accelerated failure time model, the predicted median DO for a heifer with an ADG of 0.40, 0.70, or 0.90 kg/d aged 443 d at the beginning of the breeding season and with a maintenance subindex in the second tercile were 27, 16, and 11 d, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hayes
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8.
| | - C G McAloon
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8
| | - C I Carty
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8
| | - E G Ryan
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8
| | - J F Mee
- Teagasc, Dairy Production Research Department, Dairy Production Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61C996
| | - L O'Grady
- University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04V1W8
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16
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O'Grady L, Mullins ME, Schwarz ES. A comment on ‘An assessment of the variation in the concentrations of acetylcysteine in infusions for the treatment of paracetamol overdose’. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:2833-2834. [DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren O'Grady
- Division of Emergency MedicineWashington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA
| | - Michael E. Mullins
- Division of Emergency MedicineWashington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA
| | - Evan S. Schwarz
- Division of Emergency MedicineWashington University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO USA
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17
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Thulke HH, Lange M, Tratalos JA, Clegg TA, McGrath G, O'Grady L, O'Sullivan P, Doherty ML, Graham DA, More SJ. Eradicating BVD, reviewing Irish programme data and model predictions to support prospective decision making. Prev Vet Med 2017; 150:151-161. [PMID: 29221591 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea is an infectious production disease of major importance in many cattle sectors of the world. The infection is predominantly transmitted by animal contact. Postnatal infections are transient, leading to immunologically protected cattle. However, for a certain window of pregnancy, in utero infection of the foetus results in persistently infected (PI) calves being the major risk of BVD spread, but also an efficient target for controlling the infection. There are two acknowledged strategies to identify PI animals for removal: tissue tag testing (direct; also known as the Swiss model) and serological screening (indirect by interpreting the serological status of the herd; the Scandinavian model). Both strategies are effective in reducing PI prevalence and herd incidence. During the first four years of the Irish national BVD eradication programme (2013-16), it has been mandatory for all newborn calves to be tested using tissue tag testing. During this period, PI incidence has substantially declined. In recent times, there has been interest among stakeholders in a change to an indirect testing strategy, with potential benefit to the overall programme, particularly with respect to cost to farmers. Advice was sought on the usefulness of implementing the necessary changes. Here we review available data from the national eradication programme and strategy performance predictions from an expert system model to quantify expected benefits of the strategy change from strategic, budgetary and implementation points of view. Key findings from our work include (i) drawbacks associated with changes to programme implementation, in particular the loss of epidemiological information to allow real-time monitoring of eradication progress or to reliably predict time to eradication, (ii) the fact that only 25% of the herds in the Irish cattle sector (14% beef, 78% dairy herds) would benefit financially from a change to serosurveillance, with half of these participants benefiting by less than EUR 75 per annum at herd level or an average of EUR 1.22 per cow, and (iii) opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of the current programme, particularly in terms of time to eradication, through enforced compliance with PI removal as currently outlined in programme recommendations. The assembled information provides scientific arguments, contributing to an informed debate of the pros and cons of a change in eradication strategy in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Thulke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Ecological Modelling, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - M Lange
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Ecological Modelling, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J A Tratalos
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - T A Clegg
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - G McGrath
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - L O'Grady
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - P O'Sullivan
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Shinagh House, Bandon, Ireland
| | - M L Doherty
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D A Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, 4-5 The Archways, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, Ireland
| | - S J More
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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18
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McAloon CG, Whyte P, O'Grady L, Lorenz I, Green MG, Hogan I, Johnson A, Doherty ML. Relationship between selected perinatal paratuberculosis management interventions and passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves. Vet Rec 2016; 179:47. [PMID: 27259758 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this cohort study was to assess the relationship between perinatal calf management practices relevant to the control of paratuberculosis and passive transfer of immunoglobulin in calves born in an endemically infected Irish dairy herd. Data from 176 calves were used to assess the effect of time spent in the calving area, individual versus non-designated calving and colostrum pasteurisation on serum total protein, zinc sulphate turbidity, globulin and γ-glutamyltransferase. In addition, the effects of colostrum quality, volume of colostrum fed, method of colostrum administration and calving season on passive transfer were quantified. Serum samples were collected as part of routine herd health monitoring from calves aged between one and seven days. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of each variable on the test result and failure of passive transfer as determined using a cut-off point for each diagnostic test. Colostrum pasteurisation and calving area were not significantly associated with passive transfer, whereas increased time spent in the calving pen was consistently associated with a detrimental effect. In addition, a strong seasonal effect was apparent, which appeared to be unrelated to colostrum quality and calf management. The authors are unaware of published studies documenting such a significant seasonal effect on passive transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G McAloon
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Whyte
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - L O'Grady
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Lorenz
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M G Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - I Hogan
- Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, Knockalisheen, Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Johnson
- Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, Knockalisheen, Limerick, Ireland
| | - M L Doherty
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
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19
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McAloon CG, Doherty ML, Donlon J, Lorenz I, Meade J, O'Grady L, Whyte P. Microbiological contamination of colostrum on Irish dairy farms. Vet Rec 2016; 178:474. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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O'Grady L, Sigge G, Caleb O, Opara UL. Effects of storage temperature and duration on chemical properties, proximate composition and selected bioactive components of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Zintl A, McGrath G, O'Grady L, Fanning J, Downing K, Roche D, Casey M, Gray JS. Changing epidemiology of the tick-borne bovine parasite, Babesia divergens. Parasit Vectors 2014. [PMCID: PMC4092272 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-s1-o8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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22
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More SJ, Clegg TA, Lynch PJ, O'Grady L. The effect of somatic cell count data adjustment and interpretation, as outlined in European Union legislation, on herd eligibility to supply raw milk for processing of dairy products. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:3671-81. [PMID: 23587392 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell count (SCC) limits are a key component of national and international regulation for milk quality. As yet, very limited work has been published on SCC regulatory standards, including on the effect of different approaches to SCC data adjustment and interpretation. This study examines the effect of SCC data adjustment and interpretation, as outlined in current European Union (EU) legislation, on herd eligibility to supply raw milk for processing of dairy products for human consumption, using Irish data for illustration. The study used Irish milk-recording data as a proxy for bulk tank SCC (BTSCC) data, to calculate an unadjusted monthly SCC value for each herd during each month of participation. Subsequently, 4 data adjustments were applied, as outlined in EU and national legislation: seasonal adjustment; 3-mo rolling geometric average, without accounting for a break in the supply; 3-mo rolling geometric average, after accounting for a break in the supply; and seasonal adjustment and 3-mo rolling geometric average combined, after accounting for a break in the supply. Analyses were conducted to examine the effect, during the period from 2004 to 2010, of data adjustment on the percentage of herds with herd SCC >400,000 cells/mL. In all, 4 interpretation scenarios, incorporating different data adjustment combinations, were used to estimate herd eligibility (compliant, under warning, or suspended, as defined by legislation) to supply raw milk for processing. The 4 methods of data adjustment each led to a sizable reduction (6.7, 5.0, 5.3, and 11.1 percentage points, respectively, compared with the unadjusted data) in the percentage of herds exceeding a herd SCC of 400,000 cells/mL. Herd eligibility varied by interpretation scenarios, in particular those incorporating seasonal adjustment. The study provides new perspectives on the effect of data adjustment on herd SCC and of interpretation scenarios on herd eligibility. The results provide an illustrative, rather than definitive, picture of this effect, as national authorities use BTSCC data when determining herd eligibility, whereas this study was conducted using milk-recording data as a proxy. Some aspects of the primary EU legislation are unclear, which may lead to differences in interpretation and application. The potential impact of data adjustment and milk purchaser pricing on farm-level mastitis control in Ireland is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J More
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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23
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Geary U, Lopez-Villalobos N, Begley N, McCoy F, O'Brien B, O'Grady L, Shalloo L. Estimating the effect of mastitis on the profitability of Irish dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3662-73. [PMID: 22720924 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to estimate the effect of the costs of mastitis on the profitability of Irish dairy farms as indicated by various ranges of bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC). Data were collected from 4 sources and included milk production losses, cases treated, and on-farm practices around mastitis management. The Moorepark Dairy Systems Model, which simulates dairying systems inside the farm gate, was used to carry out the analysis. The cost components of mastitis that affect farm profitability and that were included in the model were milk losses, culling, diagnostic testing, treatment, veterinary attention, discarded milk, and penalties. Farms were grouped by 5 BMSCC thresholds of ≤ 100,000, 100,001-200,000, 200,001-300,000, 300,001-400,000, and > 400,000 cells/mL. The ≤ 100,000 cells/mL threshold was taken as the baseline and the other 4 thresholds were compared relative to this baseline. For a 40-ha farm, the analysis found that as BMSCC increased, milk receipts decreased from €148,843 at a BMSCC <100,000 cells/mL to €138,573 at a BMSCC > 400,000 cells/mL. In addition, as BMSCC increased, livestock receipts increased by 17%, from €43,304 at a BMSCC <100,000 cells/mL to €50,519 at a BMSCC > 400,000 cells/mL. This reflected the higher replacement rates as BMSCC increased and the associated cull cow value. Total farm receipts decreased from €192,147 at the baseline (< 100,000 cells/mL) to €189,091 at a BMSCC > 400,000 cells/mL. Total farm costs increased as BMSCC increased, reflecting treatment, veterinary, diagnostic testing, and replacement heifer costs. At the baseline, total farm costs were €161,085, increasing to €177,343 at a BMSCC > 400,000 cells/mL. Net farm profit decreased as BMSCC increased, from €31,252/yr at the baseline to €11,748/yr at a BMSCC > 400,000 cells/mL. This analysis highlights the impact that mastitis has on the profitability of Irish dairy farms. The analysis presented here can be used to develop a "cost of mastitis" tool for use on Irish dairy farms to motivate farmers to acknowledge the scale of the problem, realize the value of improving mastitis control, and implement effective mastitis control practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Geary
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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24
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Bender JL, O'Grady L, Jadad AR. Supporting cancer patients through the continuum of care: a view from the age of social networks and computer-mediated communication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 15 Suppl 2:s107.es42-7. [PMID: 18769582 PMCID: PMC2528564 DOI: 10.3747/co.v15i0.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Almost since its inception, the Internet has been used by ordinary people to connect with peers and to exchange health-related information and support. With the rapid development of software applications deliberately designed to facilitate social interaction, a new era is dawning in which patients and their loved ones can collaboratively build knowledge related to coping with illness, while meeting their mutual supportive care needs in a timely way, regardless of location. In this article, we provide background information on the use of “one-to-one” (for example, e-mail), “one-to-many” (for example, e-mail lists), and “many-to-many” (for example, message boards and chat rooms, and more recently, applications associated with Web 2.0) computer-mediated communication to nurture health-related social networks and online supportive care. We also discuss research that has investigated the use of social networks by patients, highlight opportunities for health professionals in this area, and describe new advances that are fuelling this new era of collaboration in the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Bender
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
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25
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O'Grady L, O'Neill R, Collins D, Clegg T, More S. Herd and within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence among Irish beef herds submitting bulls for entry to a performance testing station. Ir Vet J 2008; 61:809-15. [PMID: 21851705 PMCID: PMC3113875 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-61-12-809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1), may result in various clinical consequences, including severe respiratory disease and conjunctivitis, venereal disease and reduced reproductive performance and abortion. This paper presents the serosurveillance findings from an intake of bulls into a performance testing station in Ireland during November 2007. The herd and within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence in 53 Irish beef herds and the risk factors for infection in these herds were determined, among bulls entering a beef performance testing station in Ireland. BoHV-1 status was determined for 41 herds, of which 30 (73.2%) herds were infected and the mean within-herd BoHV-1 prevalence was 28 (± 20)%. Multivariate exact logistic modelling revealed increasing numbers of contiguous herds and decreasing percentage of males within the herd as significant risk factors associated with infected herds. These findings highlight the high prevalence of BoHV-1 infection in those Irish beef herds that submitted bulls to this performance testing station, and raise concerns regarding IBR control nationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O'Grady
- Section of Herd and Veterinary Public Health, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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26
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Illingworth DR, Crouse JR, Hunninghake DB, Davidson MH, Escobar ID, Stalenhoef AF, Paragh G, Ma PT, Liu M, Melino MR, O'Grady L, Mercuri M, Mitchel YB. A comparison of simvastatin and atorvastatin up to maximal recommended doses in a large multicenter randomized clinical trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2001; 17:43-50. [PMID: 11464446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At higher doses, simvastatin has been shown to produce significantly greater increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I than atorvastatin. To extend and confirm these findings, a 36-week, randomized, double-blind, dose-titration study was performed in 826 hypercholesterolemic patients to compare the effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin on HDL cholesterol, apo A-I, and clinical and laboratory safety. PRIMARY HYPOTHESIS: Simvastatin, across a range of doses, will be more effective than atorvastatin at raising HDL cholesterol and apo A-I levels. METHODS A total of 826 hypercholesterolemic patients were enrolled in this double-blind, randomized, parallel, 36-week, dose-escalation study. Patients randomized to simvastatin received 40 mg/day for the first 6 weeks, 80 mg/day for the next 6 weeks, and remained on 80 mg/day for the final 24 weeks. Patients randomized to atorvastatin received 20 mg/day for the first 6 weeks, 40 mg/day for the next 6 weeks, and 80 mg/day for the remaining 24 weeks. RESULTS During the first 12 weeks of the study, simvastatin increased HDL cholesterol and apo A-I more than the comparative doses of atorvastatin, while producing slightly lower reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides. At the maximal dose comparison, simvastatin 80 mg and atorvastatin 80 mg, the HDL cholesterol and apo A-I differences favoring simvastatin were larger than at the lower doses. In addition, at the maximal dose comparison, the incidence of drug-related clinical adverse experiences was approximately two-fold higher with atorvastatin 80 mg than with simvastatin 80 mg (23 versus 12%, p < 0.001), due predominantly to a greater incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms with atorvastatin (10 versus 3%, p < 0.001). The incidence of clinically significant alanine aminotransferase elevations was also higher with atorvastatin 80 mg than with simvastatin 80 mg (3.8 versus 0.5%, p < 0.010), especially in women (6.0 versus 0.6%). CONCLUSIONS At the doses compared in this study, simvastatin led to greater increases in HDL cholesterol and apo A-I levels than atorvastatin. At the maximum dose comparison, there were fewer drug-related gastrointestinal symptoms and clinically significant aminotransferase elevations with simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Illingworth
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Clinical Nutrition (L465), Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
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27
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Kastelein JJ, Isaacsohn JL, Ose L, Hunninghake DB, Frohlich J, Davidson MH, Habib R, Dujovne CA, Crouse JR, Liu M, Melino MR, O'Grady L, Mercuri M, Mitchel YB. Comparison of effects of simvastatin versus atorvastatin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86:221-3. [PMID: 10913488 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Davidson M, Stein E, Hunninghake D, Ose L, Dujovne C, Insull W, Bertolami M, Weiss S, Pasternak S, Conroy B, Corsetti L, O'Grady L, Kush D, Plotkin D, Tate A, Melino M, Stepanavage M, Mercuri M, Mitchel Y. The efficacy and safety of simvastatin 80 mg; Pooled results from worldwide clinical studies. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Williams V, O'Grady L. Comprehensive dental examinations. Strict protocol procedure welcomes patient input. Dent Teamwork 1996; 9:30, 32. [PMID: 9485666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Williams
- O'Grady & Williams Consulting, Los Gatos, Calif., USA
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30
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O'Grady L, Williams V. Between you and the patient. Dent Teamwork 1995; 8:22-4. [PMID: 9485653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L O'Grady
- O'Grady & Williams Consulting, Los Gatos, Calif., USA
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31
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Williams V, O'Grady L. Maximizing insurance benefits. Dent Teamwork 1995; 8:31-2. [PMID: 9485688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Williams
- O'Grady & Williams Consulting, Los Gatos, Calif., USA
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32
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Abstract
Palindromic rheumatism is a syndrome of intermittent abrupt onset monoarthritis with asymptomatic intercritical periods of variable duration, which commonly evolves into rheumatoid arthritis. Felty's syndrome consists of leucopenia (selective neutropenia) and splenomegaly, usually occurring in longstanding classic rheumatoid arthritis. Felty's syndrome can be confused with the more recently recognised rheumatoid arthritis associated large granular lymphocyte proliferative disease. This paper describes a patient with palindromic rheumatism presenting with Felty's syndrome in whom large granular lymphocyte proliferative disease was ruled out by lymphocyte phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Alvillar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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33
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Tryphonas H, Hayward S, O'Grady L, Loo JC, Arnold DL, Bryce F, Zawidzka ZZ. Immunotoxicity studies of PCB (Aroclor 1254) in the adult rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkey--preliminary report. Int J Immunopharmacol 1989; 11:199-206. [PMID: 2495254 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(89)90072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of PCB (Aroclor 1254) on the immune system of adult female rhesus monkeys were investigated in a chronic study wherein five groups of monkeys (16/group) were administered (orally) PCB at levels of 0.0, 5.0, 20.0, 40.0 or 80.0 micrograms/kg body wt daily. Tests for immunotoxicity were initiated at 23 months of exposure to PCB, at which time the monkeys had achieved an apparent pharmacokinetic steady state based on the PCB concentration in fat and/or blood. A statistically significant (P less than 0.05) dose response reduction in antibody levels (IgG and IgM) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was observed following i.v. administration of three immunizing doses of SRBC at weekly intervals. A statistically significant decrease in the percent TH and an increase in the percent and absolute TS lymphocyte levels was found in the 80 micrograms/kg body wt group compared to the control. The TH/TS ratio was also significantly lower in the 80 micrograms/kg body wt group compared to the control. Other parameters investigated including percent of B-lymphocytes and total T-lymphocytes, total serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM and IgA), other serum proteins, glucocorticosteroid levels and lymphocyte transformation results following stimulation with the mitogens PHA-P and Con A were not affected significantly by PCB treatment. Additional immunologic parameters are currently being investigated to further elucidate the mechanism by which PCB induces immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tryphonas
- Toxicology Research Division, Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Tryphonas H, O'Grady L, Hayward S, Zawidzka Z. Enumeration of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of rhesus monkeys prior to and following monocyte removal using a modified indirect avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1988; 19:119-26. [PMID: 2973173 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(88)90003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A modified avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique has been used to enumerate B lymphocytes, T inducer/helper (TH) and T cytotoxic/suppressor (TS) cells in the peripheral blood of normal and immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) prior to and following adherent-cell depletion. The levels of each of the B, TH and TS cells detected in the normal monkeys using monoclonal antibodies which recognized specific surface antigens on human lymphocytes were comparable to the levels reported in human peripheral blood using direct immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase or flow cytometry techniques. Adherent cell depletion did not result in a significant loss of any of the lymphocyte subpopulations examined. The technique is reproducible and sensitive in detecting differences between normal and immunosuppressed animals, and would prove to be useful in studies pertaining to chemical and drug immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tryphonas
- Food Directorate, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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Tryphonas H, Iverson F, So Y, Nera EA, McGuire PF, O'Grady L, Clayson DB, Scott PM. Effects of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) on the humoral and cellular immunity of mice. Toxicol Lett 1986; 30:137-50. [PMID: 3518157 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(86)90096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal doses (0.00, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg b.w./day) of vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol; DON) were studied for their effects on humoral and cellular immunity and serum proteins of inbred, male Swiss Webster mice in a series of 4 separate experiments. Vomitoxin was added to basal diet (less than the detection limit, i.e., less than 0.05 micrograms of vomitoxin per g of feed) and administered to mice for 5 weeks beginning at 21 days of age. Mice in experiment 2 were fed the basal diet for 40 days in addition to the 5-week treatment with vomitoxin. The 1.00 mg/kg dose of vomitoxin resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the serum levels of alpha 1 and alpha 2-globulins, an increase in total serum albumin, and a reduction in feed consumption and body weight gain compared to the control group. The 0.50 mg/kg dose of vomitoxin resulted in significantly reduced serum levels of alpha 2- and beta-globulins while a significant reduction of feed consumption was evident only during Week 4. Similarly, body weight gain in this group of mice was significantly reduced during Week 2 but increased to normal levels during Week 3 and remained parallel to the control for Week 4 and 5. Both levels (0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg) of vomitoxin resulted in a reduced, dose-related, time-to-death interval following a challenge with L. monocytogenes and increased proliferative capacity of splenic lymphocyte cultures stimulated with the phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P) mitogen compared to the control group of mice. The 0.25 mg/kg dose of vomitoxin did not have any significant effects on the parameters studied. A reasonable estimation of a 'no effect' level for immunologic effects in mice based on these and previous immunological studies would seem to be between 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg b.w./day.
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Tryphonas H, O'Grady L, Arnold DL, McGuire PF, Karpinski K, Vesonder RF. Effect of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) on the humoral immunity of mice. Toxicol Lett 1984; 23:17-24. [PMID: 6485014 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(84)90004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol; DON) on the immune system were studied in groups of weanling male Swiss Webster mice administered by gavage 0.75, 2.5, and 7.5 mg of vomitoxin per kg body weight. Untreated controls and solvent controls (propylene glycol, ethanol, and distilled water in a ratio of 4:1:5) were also included in this study. Serum antibody (IgM) levels to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the control groups. Plaque-forming cell (PFC) numbers were also lower in the treated groups compared to the control groups. Furthermore, vomitoxin at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in the albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and a decrease in the alpha-2 globulin fraction compared to the control groups. Administration of 7.5 mg/kg of vomitoxin resulted in deaths, due to toxicity, in all animals of this group within 3 weeks. These preliminary findings are indicative of a potential effect of vomitoxin on the immune system which could have serious implications to man.
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Smith MS, Gad MT, O'Grady L. Psychosocial functioning, life change, and clinical status in adolescents with cystic fibrosis. J Adolesc Health Care 1983; 4:230-4. [PMID: 6643200 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0070(83)80002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) were administered the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. The mean overall scores placed the CF patients at the 30th percentile of a normative adolescent population. Eighty-five percent were at appropriate school grade level, 69% participated in physical education classes, and 81% had future plans for college and/or a career. Total Life Event scores of CF adolescents were not significantly different from the normal adolescent population. However, in 22 CF adolescents evaluated with a modified National Institute of Health Scoring System, negative Life Event scores were higher in 10 adolescents with moderate to severely impaired health status than in 12 with lesser impairment. This relationship was not modified by other psychosocial variables.
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Wilson FD, O'Grady L. Some observations of the hematopoietic status in vivo and in vitro on mice of genotype S1/S1d. Blood 1976; 48:601-8. [PMID: 963296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the mechanism of anemia in mice of genotype S1/S1d have implicated the hematopoietic stroma (the hematopoietic inductive microenvironment, HIM) rather than hematopoietic stem cells as the site of the defect. Using methylcellulose-supported bone marrow culture systems, we have observed, in addition to classical hematopoietic colonies, the formation of surface associated fibroblastic plaques that could stimulate hematopoietic colony growth. These plaques were hypothesized to be derived from bone marrow stroma precursors. In view of the reported stromal-based defect in S1/S1d mice, studies were initiated, using our culture system, to determine if abnormalities exist in the plaque-forming potentials of these mice. Relative to controls, bone marrow derived from S1/S1d mice exhibited a significant decrease in hematopoietic colonly-forming units in culture, but no differences were apparent in the absolute numbers of fibroblastic plaque-forming units or in the ability of such plaques once derived to stimulate hematopoietic colony growth when overlain with fresh normal bone marrow preparations. Quantitative studies on the bone marrow of the S1/S1d mice revealed a marked reduction in total nucleated cells per femur. The importance of evaluating the results of bone marrow cultures in an absolute (i.e., number of units per femur) rather than a relative (i.e., number of units forming in a constant cell inoculum) term was underlined by these studies.
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D'Ambrosia RD, Niemann KM, O'Grady L, Scott CW. Total hip replacement for patients with hemophilia and hemorrhagic diathesis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974; 139:381-4. [PMID: 4546965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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