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Mataveli G, Jones MW, Carmenta R, Sanchez A, Dutra DJ, Chaves M, de Oliveira G, Anderson LO, Aragão LEOC. Deforestation falls but rise of wildfires continues degrading Brazilian Amazon forests. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17202. [PMID: 38362838 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In 2023, Brazil achieved positive environmental strides in the Amazon, with a 22% reduction in deforestation rates and a 16% decline in total fire counts compared with 2022, attributed to renewed environmental policy implementation. However, despite progress, deforestation remains above the target, and forest wildfires in old‐growth Amazonian forests surged by 152% in 2023 versus 2022, threatening biodiversity and carbon stocks. The rise in fires poses challenges for traditional farmers, impacts urban areas' air quality, and necessitates urgent measures like enhanced firefighting capabilities and long‐term strategies for fire‐free production chains to protect the Amazonian standing forests—a global socio‐environmental asset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Mataveli
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Environmental Sciences, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Carmenta
- School of Global Development, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Alber Sanchez
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Débora J Dutra
- National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disaster (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Michel Chaves
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Oliveira
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disaster (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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2
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da Conceição Bispo P, Picoli MCA, Marimon BS, Marimon Junior BH, Peres CA, Menor IO, Silva DE, de Figueiredo Machado F, Alencar AAC, de Almeida CA, Anderson LO, Aragão LEOC, Breunig FM, Bustamante M, Dalagnol R, Diniz-Filho JAF, Ferreira LG, Ferreira ME, Fisch G, Galvão LS, Giarolla A, Gomes AR, de Marco Junior P, Kuck TN, Lehmann CER, Lemes MR, Liesenberg V, Loyola R, Macedo MN, de Souza Mendes F, do Couto de Miranda S, Morton DC, Moura YM, Oldekop JA, Ramos-Neto MB, Rosan TM, Saatchi S, Sano EE, Segura-Garcia C, Shimbo JZ, Silva TSF, Trevisan DP, Zimbres B, Wiederkehr NC, Silva-Junior CHL. Overlooking vegetation loss outside forests imperils the Brazilian Cerrado and other non-forest biomes. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:12-13. [PMID: 37932387 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02256-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Polyanna da Conceição Bispo
- Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK.
| | - Michelle C A Picoli
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
- WeForest, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Imma Oliveras Menor
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Caceres, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia de Figueiredo Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ecologia e Conservação, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional, Brazil
- A Vida no Cerrado (AVINC), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ane A C Alencar
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A de Almeida
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division (DIOTG), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Fábio Marcelo Breunig
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Bustamante
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília (UnB) and Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change - Rede Clima, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dalagnol
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- NASA-Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - José Alexandre F Diniz-Filho
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
- INCT in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Laerte G Ferreira
- Institute of Socioenvironmental Studies, Remote Sensing and GIS Lab, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Manuel E Ferreira
- Institute of Socioenvironmental Studies, Remote Sensing and GIS Lab, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fisch
- Agricultural Department, University of Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté, Brazil
| | - Lênio Soares Galvão
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division (DIOTG), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Angélica Giarolla
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tahisa N Kuck
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados - Brazilian Airforce, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Caroline E R Lehmann
- Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Murilo Ruv Lemes
- General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Veraldo Liesenberg
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
- Department of Forest Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Rafael Loyola
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
- INCT in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Goiânia, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability (IIS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia N Macedo
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yhasmin M Moura
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
| | - Johan A Oldekop
- Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Thais M Rosan
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- NASA-Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlota Segura-Garcia
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Z Shimbo
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Thiago S F Silva
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Diego P Trevisan
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Barbara Zimbres
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Celso H L Silva-Junior
- Remote Sensing Applied to Tropical Environments Group, Manchester, UK
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
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3
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Silva-Junior CHL, Silva FB, Arisi BM, Mataveli G, Pessôa ACM, Carvalho NS, Reis JBC, Silva Júnior AR, Motta NACS, E Silva PVM, Ribeiro FD, Siqueira-Gay J, Alencar A, Saatchi S, Aragão LEOC, Anderson LO, Melo M. Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories under deforestation pressure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5851. [PMID: 37037850 PMCID: PMC10085996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (ITs) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Considering the importance of ITs for conserving socio-environmental and cultural diversity and the recent climb in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome during the 2013-2021 period. Deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In 2019-2021, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% farther from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013-2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in 2013-2021 (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso H L Silva-Junior
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles - UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory - JPL, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício B Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Universidade Ceuma - UNICEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Mataveli
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Pessôa
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters - Cemaden, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João B C Reis
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters - Cemaden, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Admo R Silva Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Nathalia A C S Motta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Universidade Ceuma - UNICEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ane Alencar
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia - IPAM, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles - UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory - JPL, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters - Cemaden, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maycon Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Universidade Ceuma - UNICEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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4
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Lapola DM, Pinho P, Barlow J, Aragão LEOC, Berenguer E, Carmenta R, Liddy HM, Seixas H, Silva CVJ, Silva-Junior CHL, Alencar AAC, Anderson LO, Armenteras D, Brovkin V, Calders K, Chambers J, Chini L, Costa MH, Faria BL, Fearnside PM, Ferreira J, Gatti L, Gutierrez-Velez VH, Han Z, Hibbard K, Koven C, Lawrence P, Pongratz J, Portela BTT, Rounsevell M, Ruane AC, Schaldach R, da Silva SS, von Randow C, Walker WS. The drivers and impacts of Amazon forest degradation. Science 2023; 379:eabp8622. [PMID: 36701452 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp8622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 2.5 × 106 square kilometers of the Amazon forest are currently degraded by fire, edge effects, timber extraction, and/or extreme drought, representing 38% of all remaining forests in the region. Carbon emissions from this degradation total up to 0.2 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year-1), which is equivalent to, if not greater than, the emissions from Amazon deforestation (0.06 to 0.21 Pg C year-1). Amazon forest degradation can reduce dry-season evapotranspiration by up to 34% and cause as much biodiversity loss as deforestation in human-modified landscapes, generating uneven socioeconomic burdens, mainly to forest dwellers. Projections indicate that degradation will remain a dominant source of carbon emissions independent of deforestation rates. Policies to tackle degradation should be integrated with efforts to curb deforestation and complemented with innovative measures addressing the disturbances that degrade the Amazon forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lapola
- Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pinho
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.,Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hannah M Liddy
- Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hugo Seixas
- Laboratório de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre - LabTerra, Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas Aplicadas à Agricultura - CEPAGRI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila V J Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,BeZero Carbon Ltd, London, UK
| | - Celso H L Silva-Junior
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ane A C Alencar
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazônia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kim Calders
- Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Belgium.,School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Bruno L Faria
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gatti
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kathleen Hibbard
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles Koven
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Mark Rounsevell
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex C Ruane
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Celso von Randow
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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5
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Mataveli G, de Oliveira G, Silva-Junior CHL, Stark SC, Carvalho N, Anderson LO, Gatti LV, Aragão LEOC. Record-breaking fires in the Brazilian Amazon associated with uncontrolled deforestation. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1792-1793. [PMID: 36396971 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Mataveli
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | | | - Celso H L Silva-Junior
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Scott C Stark
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nathália Carvalho
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luciana V Gatti
- General Coordination of Earth Science, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Barbosa MLF, Haddad I, Anderson LO. Time to improve disaster preparedness in Brazil. Science 2022; 377:1392. [PMID: 36137039 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia F Barbosa
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (TREES), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Isadora Haddad
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (TREES), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), São Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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7
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da S Bezerra D, de Lima Santos A, Bezerra JS, Amaral S, Kampel M, Anderson LO, Mochel FR, Silva Nunes JL, de Araujo NA, Barreto LN, do S S Pinheiro M, Celeri MJ, Silva FB, Viegas AM, Manes S, Rodrigues TCS, Viegas JC, Souza UDV, Santos ALS, Silva-Junior CHL. Brazil's mangroves: Natural carbon storage. Science 2022; 375:1239. [PMID: 35298278 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvana Amaral
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton Kampel
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- Centro de Monitoramento e Alertas a Dessastres Naturais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stella Manes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa C S Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual da Região Tocantina do Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Ulisses D V Souza
- Colégio Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Celso H L Silva-Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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8
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Pletsch MAJS, Silva Junior CHL, Penha TV, Körting TS, Silva MES, Pereira G, Anderson LO, Aragão LEOC. The 2020 Brazilian Pantanal fires. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210077. [PMID: 34161516 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaela A J S Pletsch
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Divisão de Observação da Terra e Geoinformática, Avenida dos Astronautas, 1758, Jd. Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso H L Silva Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Divisão de Observação da Terra e Geoinformática, Avenida dos Astronautas, 1758, Jd. Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Avenida Lourenço Vieira da Silva, 1000, Jardim São Cristóvão, 65055-310 São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Thales V Penha
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Departamento de Geografia, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 338, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thales S Körting
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Divisão de Observação da Terra e Geoinformática, Avenida dos Astronautas, 1758, Jd. Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria E S Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Departamento de Geografia, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 338, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Departamento de Geografia, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 338, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Departamento de Geografia, Praça Frei Orlando, 170, Centro, 36307-352 São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN), Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, Eugênio de Melo, 12247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Divisão de Observação da Terra e Geoinformática, Avenida dos Astronautas, 1758, Jd. Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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9
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Heinrich VHA, Dalagnol R, Cassol HLG, Rosan TM, de Almeida CT, Silva Junior CHL, Campanharo WA, House JI, Sitch S, Hales TC, Adami M, Anderson LO, Aragão LEOC. Large carbon sink potential of secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon to mitigate climate change. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1785. [PMID: 33741981 PMCID: PMC7979697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical secondary forests sequester carbon up to 20 times faster than old-growth forests. This rate does not capture spatial regrowth patterns due to environmental and disturbance drivers. Here we quantify the influence of such drivers on the rate and spatial patterns of regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon using satellite data. Carbon sequestration rates of young secondary forests (<20 years) in the west are ~60% higher (3.0 ± 1.0 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) compared to those in the east (1.3 ± 0.3 Mg C ha-1 yr-1). Disturbances reduce regrowth rates by 8-55%. The 2017 secondary forest carbon stock, of 294 Tg C, could be 8% higher by avoiding fires and repeated deforestation. Maintaining the 2017 secondary forest area has the potential to accumulate ~19.0 Tg C yr-1 until 2030, contributing ~5.5% to Brazil's 2030 net emissions reduction target. Implementing legal mechanisms to protect and expand secondary forests whilst supporting old-growth conservation is, therefore, key to realising their potential as a nature-based climate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola H. A. Heinrich
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ricardo Dalagnol
- grid.419222.e0000 0001 2116 4512Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Henrique L. G. Cassol
- grid.419222.e0000 0001 2116 4512Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Thais M. Rosan
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Catherine Torres de Almeida
- grid.419222.e0000 0001 2116 4512Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Celso H. L. Silva Junior
- grid.419222.e0000 0001 2116 4512Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Wesley A. Campanharo
- grid.419222.e0000 0001 2116 4512Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Joanna I. House
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Cabot institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tristram C. Hales
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcos Adami
- grid.419222.e0000 0001 2116 4512Amazon Regional Center, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Belém, Brazil
| | - Liana O. Anderson
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disaster (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
- grid.419222.e0000 0001 2116 4512Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil ,grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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10
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Berenguer E, Carvalho N, Anderson LO, Aragão LEOC, França F, Barlow J. Improving the spatial-temporal analysis of Amazonian fires. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:469-471. [PMID: 33124173 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in Amazonian fires, accompanied by a substantial increase in research in the subject. Here, we list five common misunderstandings about Amazonian climate, vegetation, fires and the deforestation process to help to support future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Nathália Carvalho
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Filipe França
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel de Oliveira
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jing M Chen
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott C Stark
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paulo Moutinho
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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12
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Silva Junior CHL, Aragão LEOC, Anderson LO, Fonseca MG, Shimabukuro YE, Vancutsem C, Achard F, Beuchle R, Numata I, Silva CA, Maeda EE, Longo M, Saatchi SS. Persistent collapse of biomass in Amazonian forest edges following deforestation leads to unaccounted carbon losses. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/40/eaaz8360. [PMID: 32998890 PMCID: PMC7527213 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation is the primary driver of carbon losses in tropical forests, but it does not operate alone. Forest fragmentation, a resulting feature of the deforestation process, promotes indirect carbon losses induced by edge effect. This process is not implicitly considered by policies for reducing carbon emissions in the tropics. Here, we used a remote sensing approach to estimate carbon losses driven by edge effect in Amazonia over the 2001 to 2015 period. We found that carbon losses associated with edge effect (947 Tg C) corresponded to one-third of losses from deforestation (2592 Tg C). Despite a notable negative trend of 7 Tg C year-1 in carbon losses from deforestation, the carbon losses from edge effect remained unchanged, with an average of 63 ± 8 Tg C year-1 Carbon losses caused by edge effect is thus an additional unquantified flux that can counteract carbon emissions avoided by reducing deforestation, compromising the Paris Agreement's bold targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso H L Silva Junior
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Liana O Anderson
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa G Fonseca
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Veraterra-Mapping and Environmental Consultancy, Praça Pedro Gomes, s/n, Serra Grande, Uruçuca, BA 45680-000 Brazil
| | - Yosio E Shimabukuro
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Frédéric Achard
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - René Beuchle
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Izaya Numata
- Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Carlos A Silva
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eduardo E Maeda
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcos Longo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Sassan S Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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13
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Silva Junior CHL, Heinrich VHA, Freire ATG, Broggio IS, Rosan TM, Doblas J, Anderson LO, Rousseau GX, Shimabukuro YE, Silva CA, House JI, Aragão LEOC. Benchmark maps of 33 years of secondary forest age for Brazil. Sci Data 2020; 7:269. [PMID: 32796858 PMCID: PMC7427968 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration and reforestation of 12 million hectares of forests by 2030 are amongst the leading mitigation strategies for reducing carbon emissions within the Brazilian Nationally Determined Contribution targets assumed under the Paris Agreement. Understanding the dynamics of forest cover, which steeply decreased between 1985 and 2018 throughout Brazil, is essential for estimating the global carbon balance and quantifying the provision of ecosystem services. To know the long-term increment, extent, and age of secondary forests is crucial; however, these variables are yet poorly quantified. Here we developed a 30-m spatial resolution dataset of the annual increment, extent, and age of secondary forests for Brazil over the 1986-2018 period. Land-use and land-cover maps from MapBiomas Project (Collection 4.1) were used as input data for our algorithm, implemented in the Google Earth Engine platform. This dataset provides critical spatially explicit information for supporting carbon emissions reduction, biodiversity, and restoration policies, enabling environmental science applications, territorial planning, and subsidizing environmental law enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso H L Silva Junior
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences lab - TREES, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana T G Freire
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Igor S Broggio
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences lab - TREES, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Doblas
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences lab - TREES, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (Cemaden), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Guillaume X Rousseau
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Agroecologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Yosio E Shimabukuro
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Silva
- University of Maryland, College Park, United States of America
- University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | | | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences lab - TREES, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
- University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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14
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Silva CVJ, Aragão LEOC, Barlow J, Espirito-Santo F, Young PJ, Anderson LO, Berenguer E, Brasil I, Foster Brown I, Castro B, Farias R, Ferreira J, França F, Graça PMLA, Kirsten L, Lopes AP, Salimon C, Scaranello MA, Seixas M, Souza FC, Xaud HAM. Drought-induced Amazonian wildfires instigate a decadal-scale disruption of forest carbon dynamics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2018.0043. [PMID: 30297477 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought-induced wildfires have increased in frequency and extent over the tropics. Yet, the long-term (greater than 10 years) responses of Amazonian lowland forests to fire disturbance are poorly known. To understand post-fire forest biomass dynamics, and to assess the time required for fire-affected forests to recover to pre-disturbance levels, we combined 16 single with 182 multiple forest census into a unique large-scale and long-term dataset across the Brazilian Amazonia. We quantified biomass, mortality and wood productivity of burned plots along a chronosequence of up to 31 years post-fire and compared to surrounding unburned plots measured simultaneously. Stem mortality and growth were assessed among functional groups. At the plot level, we found that fire-affected forests have biomass levels 24.8 ± 6.9% below the biomass value of unburned control plots after 31 years. This lower biomass state results from the elevated levels of biomass loss through mortality, which is not sufficiently compensated for by wood productivity (incremental growth + recruitment). At the stem level, we found major changes in mortality and growth rates up to 11 years post-fire. The post-fire stem mortality rates exceeded unburned control plots by 680% (i.e. greater than 40 cm diameter at breast height (DBH); 5-8 years since last fire) and 315% (i.e. greater than 0.7 g cm-3 wood density; 0.75-4 years since last fire). Our findings indicate that wildfires in humid tropical forests can significantly reduce forest biomass for decades by enhancing mortality rates of all trees, including large and high wood density trees, which store the largest amount of biomass in old-growth forests. This assessment of stem dynamics, therefore, demonstrates that wildfires slow down or stall the post-fire recovery of Amazonian forests.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila V J Silva
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK .,National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Fernando Espirito-Santo
- Leicester Institute of Space and Earth Observation (LISEO), Centre for Landscape and Climate Research (CLCR), School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Paul J Young
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.,Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YX, UK
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, 12247-016 Brazil.,Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.,Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Izaias Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Parque Zoobotanico, Rio Branco 69915-900, Acre, Brazil
| | - I Foster Brown
- Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Parque Zoobotanico, Rio Branco 69915-900, Acre, Brazil.,Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540-1644, USA
| | - Bruno Castro
- Instituto Centro de Vida, Av. Ariosto da Riva, 3473, Centro 78580-000, Alta Floresta, Brazil
| | - Renato Farias
- Instituto Centro de Vida, Av. Ariosto da Riva, 3473, Centro 78580-000, Alta Floresta, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/no. Caixa Postal 48, Belém 66095-100, Pará, Brazil
| | - Filipe França
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.,Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/no. Caixa Postal 48, Belém 66095-100, Pará, Brazil
| | - Paulo M L A Graça
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus 69067-375, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Letícia Kirsten
- National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus 69067-375, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Aline P Lopes
- National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Cleber Salimon
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas (CCBSA), R. Horácio Trajano de Oliveira, 1559 - Cristo Redentor, João Pessoa 58070-450, Brazil
| | - Marcos Augusto Scaranello
- Instituto Centro de Vida, Av. Ariosto da Riva, 3473, Centro 78580-000, Alta Floresta, Brazil.,EMBRAPA Informática Agropecuária, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-886 Brazil
| | - Marina Seixas
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/no. Caixa Postal 48, Belém 66095-100, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Haron A M Xaud
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Roraima, PO Box 133, Boa Vista, Roraima 69.301-970, Brazil
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15
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Kemball-Cook G, Edwards SJ, Sewerin K, Anderson LO, Barrowcliffe TW. Factor VIII Procoagulant Protein Interacts with Phospholipid Vesicles Via its 80 kDa Light Chain. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn a previous report, we detailed the fractionation of polyclonal human anti-Factor VIII :C into a component directed exclusively against the phospholipid-binding site on Factor VIII (PL-site antibody) and another directed at other sites (non-PL-site antibody). The location on the F.VIII molecule of its PL-binding site has now been studied by two different methods using this fractionated 125I-labelled anti-F.VIII: C Fab’.The first method was modified from that of Weinstein et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78: 5137-41), involving electrophoresis of F.VIII peptide-125I-Fab‘ A/F.VIII immunocomplexes in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. PL-site antibody reacted with F.VIII peptides of apparent Mr approximately 80 kDa and sometimes 160 kDa in plasma and concentrate, but not with larger peptides. Non-PL-site antibody, however, reacted with a range of peptides of apparent Mr 90 kDa to 280 kDa. In addition, when purified F.VIII containing heavy and light chains (HC + LC), and isolated LC peptides were analysed, PL-site antibody bound to LC peptides whereas non-PL-site antibody did not.The second method used the antibody pools in immunoradiometric assays (IRMA’s) of purified F.VIII peptides. Both labels measured similar amounts of F.VIII: Ag in a sample of purified F.VIII containing both HC and LC; on assaying an HC preparation, however, PL-site label measured only 2% of F.VIII: Ag found by non-PL-site label, indicating that PL-binding sites are absent in HC preparations.These results indicate that F.VIII binds to PL via its 80 kDa light chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kemball-Cook
- The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Herts., UK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S J Edwards
- The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Herts., UK, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - T W Barrowcliffe
- The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Herts., UK, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Fonseca MG, Anderson LO, Arai E, Shimabukuro YE, Xaud HAM, Xaud MR, Madani N, Wagner FH, Aragão LEOC. Climatic and anthropogenic drivers of northern Amazon fires during the 2015-2016 El Niño event. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:2514-2527. [PMID: 28922585 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The strong El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event that occurred in 2015-2016 caused extreme drought in the northern Brazilian Amazon, especially in the state of Roraima, increasing fire occurrence. Here we map the extent of precipitation and fire anomalies and quantify the effects of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on fire occurrence during the 2015-2016 dry season (from December 2015 to March 2016) in the state of Roraima. To achieve these objectives we first estimated the spatial pattern of precipitation anomalies, based on long-term data from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission), and the fire anomaly, based on MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) active fire detections during the referred period. Then, we integrated climatic and anthropogenic drivers in a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model to quantify fire probability, assessing (1) the model accuracy during the 2015-2016 and the 2016-2017 dry seasons; (2) the relative importance of each predictor variable on the model predictive performance; and (3) the response curves, showing how each environmental variable affects the fire probability. Approximately 59% (132,900 km2 ) of the study area was exposed to precipitation anomalies ≤-1 standard deviation (SD) in January and ~48% (~106,800 km2 ) in March. About 38% (86,200 km2 ) of the study area experienced fire anomalies ≥1 SD in at least one month between December 2015 and March 2016. The distance to roads and the direct ENSO effect on fire occurrence were the two most influential variables on model predictive performance. Despite the improvement of governmental actions of fire prevention and firefighting in Roraima since the last intense ENSO event (1997-1998), we show that fire still gets out of control in the state during extreme drought events. Our results indicate that if no prevention actions are undertaken, future road network expansion and a climate-induced increase in water stress will amplify fire occurrence in the northern Amazon, even in its humid dense forests. As an additional outcome of our analysis, we conclude that the model and the data we used may help to guide on-the-ground fire-prevention actions and firefighting planning and therefore minimize fire-related ecosystems degradation, economic losses and carbon emissions in Roraima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa G Fonseca
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (TREES), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan 500, 12247-016, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Environmental Change Institute, ECI, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Egidio Arai
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (TREES), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Yosio E Shimabukuro
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (TREES), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Haron A M Xaud
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Roraima, PO Box 133, 69.301-970, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Maristela R Xaud
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Roraima, PO Box 133, 69.301-970, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Nima Madani
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Fabien H Wagner
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (TREES), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Tropical Ecosystems and Environmental Sciences Laboratory (TREES), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom
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17
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Devisscher T, Anderson LO, Aragão LEOC, Galván L, Malhi Y. Increased Wildfire Risk Driven by Climate and Development Interactions in the Bolivian Chiquitania, Southern Amazonia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161323. [PMID: 27632528 PMCID: PMC5025183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildfires are becoming increasingly dominant in tropical landscapes due to reinforcing feedbacks between land cover change and more severe dry conditions. This study focused on the Bolivian Chiquitania, a region located at the southern edge of Amazonia. The extensive, unique and well-conserved tropical dry forest in this region is susceptible to wildfires due to a marked seasonality. We used a novel approach to assess fire risk at the regional level driven by different development trajectories interacting with changing climatic conditions. Possible future risk scenarios were simulated using maximum entropy modelling with presence-only data, combining land cover, anthropogenic and climatic variables. We found that important determinants of fire risk in the region are distance to roads, recent deforestation and density of human settlements. Severely dry conditions alone increased the area of high fire risk by 69%, affecting all categories of land use and land cover. Interactions between extreme dry conditions and rapid frontier expansion further increased fire risk, resulting in potential biomass loss of 2.44±0.8 Tg in high risk area, about 1.8 times higher than the estimates for the 2010 drought. These interactions showed particularly high fire risk in land used for ‘extensive cattle ranching’, ‘agro-silvopastoral use’ and ‘intensive cattle ranching and agriculture’. These findings have serious implications for subsistence activities and the economy in the Chiquitania, which greatly depend on the forestry, agriculture and livestock sectors. Results are particularly concerning if considering the current development policies promoting frontier expansion. Departmental protected areas inhibited wildfires when strategically established in areas of high risk, even under drought conditions. However, further research is needed to assess their effectiveness accounting for more specific contextual factors. This novel and simple modelling approach can inform fire and land management decisions in the Chiquitania and other tropical forest landscapes to better anticipate and manage large wildfires in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahia Devisscher
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Liana O. Anderson
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Galván
- Posgrado en Geografía, Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bustamante MMC, Roitman I, Aide TM, Alencar A, Anderson LO, Aragão L, Asner GP, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Chambers J, Costa MH, Fanin T, Ferreira LG, Ferreira J, Keller M, Magnusson WE, Morales-Barquero L, Morton D, Ometto JPHB, Palace M, Peres CA, Silvério D, Trumbore S, Vieira ICG. Toward an integrated monitoring framework to assess the effects of tropical forest degradation and recovery on carbon stocks and biodiversity. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:92-109. [PMID: 26390852 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests harbor a significant portion of global biodiversity and are a critical component of the climate system. Reducing deforestation and forest degradation contributes to global climate-change mitigation efforts, yet emissions and removals from forest dynamics are still poorly quantified. We reviewed the main challenges to estimate changes in carbon stocks and biodiversity due to degradation and recovery of tropical forests, focusing on three main areas: (1) the combination of field surveys and remote sensing; (2) evaluation of biodiversity and carbon values under a unified strategy; and (3) research efforts needed to understand and quantify forest degradation and recovery. The improvement of models and estimates of changes of forest carbon can foster process-oriented monitoring of forest dynamics, including different variables and using spatially explicit algorithms that account for regional and local differences, such as variation in climate, soil, nutrient content, topography, biodiversity, disturbance history, recovery pathways, and socioeconomic factors. Generating the data for these models requires affordable large-scale remote-sensing tools associated with a robust network of field plots that can generate spatially explicit information on a range of variables through time. By combining ecosystem models, multiscale remote sensing, and networks of field plots, we will be able to evaluate forest degradation and recovery and their interactions with biodiversity and carbon cycling. Improving monitoring strategies will allow a better understanding of the role of forest dynamics in climate-change mitigation, adaptation, and carbon cycle feedbacks, thereby reducing uncertainties in models of the key processes in the carbon cycle, including their impacts on biodiversity, which are fundamental to support forest governance policies, such as Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Roitman
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910900, Brazil
| | - T Mitchell Aide
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - Ane Alencar
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute - IPAM, SHIN CA5 Bl J2 Sala 309, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters - CEMADEN, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estrada Doutor Altino Bondensan, 500, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil
- Environmental Change Institute, ECI, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil
| | - Luiz Aragão
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-016, Brazil
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, Belém, Pará, CEP 66040170, Brasil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jeffrey Chambers
- Geography Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Marcos H Costa
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Thierry Fanin
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laerte G Ferreira
- Instituto de Estudos Sócio-Ambientais - IESA, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, C. Postal 48 66017-970, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Michael Keller
- USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- EMBRAPA Monitoramento por Satélite, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - William E Magnusson
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Caixa Postal 2223, Manaus, AM, 69067-971, Brazil
| | - Lucia Morales-Barquero
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Douglas Morton
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Jean P H B Ometto
- Earth System Science Centre (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av dos Astronautas, 1758, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Michael Palace
- Earth System Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, UNH, Norwich, UK
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR47TJ, UK
| | - Divino Silvério
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910900, Brazil
| | | | - Ima C G Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, Belém, Pará, CEP 66040170, Brasil
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Aragão LEOC, Poulter B, Barlow JB, Anderson LO, Malhi Y, Saatchi S, Phillips OL, Gloor E. Environmental change and the carbon balance of Amazonian forests. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:913-31. [PMID: 25324039 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extreme climatic events and land-use change are known to influence strongly the current carbon cycle of Amazonia, and have the potential to cause significant global climate impacts. This review intends to evaluate the effects of both climate and anthropogenic perturbations on the carbon balance of the Brazilian Amazon and to understand how they interact with each other. By analysing the outputs of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report 4 (AR4) model ensemble, we demonstrate that Amazonian temperatures and water stress are both likely to increase over the 21st Century. Curbing deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by 62% in 2010 relative to the 1990s mean decreased the Brazilian Amazon's deforestation contribution to global land use carbon emissions from 17% in the 1990s and early 2000s to 9% by 2010. Carbon sources in Amazonia are likely to be dominated by climatic impacts allied with forest fires (48.3% relative contribution) during extreme droughts. The current net carbon sink (net biome productivity, NBP) of +0.16 (ranging from +0.11 to +0.21) Pg C year(-1) in the Brazilian Amazon, equivalent to 13.3% of global carbon emissions from land-use change for 2008, can be negated or reversed during drought years [NBP = -0.06 (-0.31 to +0.01) Pg C year(-1) ]. Therefore, reducing forest fires, in addition to reducing deforestation, would be an important measure for minimizing future emissions. Conversely, doubling the current area of secondary forests and avoiding additional removal of primary forests would help the Amazonian gross forest sink to offset approximately 42% of global land-use change emissions. We conclude that a few strategic environmental policy measures are likely to strengthen the Amazonian net carbon sink with global implications. Moreover, these actions could increase the resilience of the net carbon sink to future increases in drought frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E O C Aragão
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geography University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, U.K.; Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, São José dos Campos, Sao Paulo, 12227-010, Brazil
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Anderson LO, Malhi Y, Aragão LEOC, Ladle R, Arai E, Barbier N, Phillips O. Remote sensing detection of droughts in Amazonian forest canopies. New Phytol 2010; 187:733-750. [PMID: 20659255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
*Remote sensing data are a key tool to assess large forested areas, where limitations such as accessibility and lack of field measurements are prevalent. Here, we have analysed datasets from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite measurements and field data to assess the impacts of the 2005 drought in Amazonia. *We combined vegetation indices (VI) and climatological variables to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns associated with the 2005 drought, and explore the relationships between remotely-sensed indices and forest inventory data on tree mortality. *There were differences in results based on c4 and c5 MODIS products. C5 VI showed no spatial relationship with rainfall or aerosol optical depth; however, distinct regions responded significantly to the increased radiation in 2005. The increase in the Enhanced VI (EVI) during 2005 showed a significant positive relationship (P < 0.07) with the increase of tree mortality. By contrast, the normalized difference water index (NDWI) exhibited a significant negative relationship (P < 0.09) with tree mortality. *Previous studies have suggested that the increase in EVI during the 2005 drought was associated with a positive response of forest photosynthesis to changes in the radiation income. We discuss the evidence that this increase could be related to structural changes in the canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana O Anderson
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
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Chambers JQ, Asner GP, Morton DC, Anderson LO, Saatchi SS, Espírito-Santo FDB, Palace M, Souza C. Regional ecosystem structure and function: ecological insights from remote sensing of tropical forests. Trends Ecol Evol 2007; 22:414-23. [PMID: 17493704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ecological studies in tropical forests have long been plagued by difficulties associated with sampling the crowns of large canopy trees and large inaccessible regions, such as the Amazon basin. Recent advances in remote sensing have overcome some of these obstacles, enabling progress towards tackling difficult ecological problems. Breakthroughs have helped transform the dialog between ecology and remote sensing, generating new regional perspectives on key environmental gradients and species assemblages with ecologically relevant measures such as canopy nutrient and moisture content, crown area, leaf-level drought responses, woody tissue and surface litter abundance, phenological patterns, and land-cover transitions. Issues that we address here include forest response to altered precipitation regimes, regional disturbance and land-use patterns, invasive species and landscape carbon balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Tulane University, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 310 Dinwiddie Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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Morton DC, DeFries RS, Shimabukuro YE, Anderson LO, Arai E, del Bon Espirito-Santo F, Freitas R, Morisette J. Cropland expansion changes deforestation dynamics in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:14637-41. [PMID: 16973742 PMCID: PMC1600012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606377103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive mechanized agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon grew by >3.6 million hectares (ha) during 2001-2004. Whether this cropland expansion resulted from intensified use of land previously cleared for cattle ranching or new deforestation has not been quantified and has major implications for future deforestation dynamics, carbon fluxes, forest fragmentation, and other ecosystem services. We combine deforestation maps, field surveys, and satellite-based information on vegetation phenology to characterize the fate of large (>25-ha) clearings as cropland, cattle pasture, or regrowing forest in the years after initial clearing in Mato Grosso, the Brazilian state with the highest deforestation rate and soybean production since 2001. Statewide, direct conversion of forest to cropland totaled >540,000 ha during 2001-2004, peaking at 23% of 2003 annual deforestation. Cropland deforestation averaged twice the size of clearings for pasture (mean sizes, 333 and 143 ha, respectively), and conversion occurred rapidly; >90% of clearings for cropland were planted in the first year after deforestation. Area deforested for cropland and mean annual soybean price in the year of forest clearing were directly correlated (R(2) = 0.72), suggesting that deforestation rates could return to higher levels seen in 2003-2004 with a rebound of crop prices in international markets. Pasture remains the dominant land use after forest clearing in Mato Grosso, but the growing importance of larger and faster conversion of forest to cropland defines a new paradigm of forest loss in Amazonia and refutes the claim that agricultural intensification does not lead to new deforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C. Morton
- *Department of Geography, 2181 LeFrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Ruth S. DeFries
- *Department of Geography, 2181 LeFrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, 2207 Computer and Space Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Yosio E. Shimabukuro
- Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Liana O. Anderson
- Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Egidio Arai
- Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon Freitas
- Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Jeff Morisette
- **Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771
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Holmer E, Lindahl U, Bäckström G, Thunberg L, Sandberg H, Söderström G, Anderson LO. Anticoagulant activities and effects on platelets of a heparin fragment with high affinity for antithrombin. Thromb Res 1980; 18:861-9. [PMID: 7414566 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(80)90208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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